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Enforcing Us Policies Against Trafficking in Persons: How Is the Us Military Doing? 108th CONGRESS Printed for the use of the 2nd Session Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe ENFORCING U.S. POLICIES AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS: HOW IS THE U.S. MILITARY DOING? September 21, 2004 An Issue Forum Jointly Convened by The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe AND The House Armed Services Committee Washington : 2004 COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE 234 Ford House Office Building Washington, DC 20515-6460 (202) 225-1901 [email protected] http://www.csce.gov LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS HOUSE SENATE CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado Chairman Co-Chairman FRANK R. WOLF, Virginia SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas JOSEPH R. PITTS, Pennsylvania GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon ROBERT B. ADERHOLT, Alabama KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas ANNE M. NORTHUP, Kentucky SAXBY CHAMBLISS, Georgia BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut LOUISE McINTOSH SLAUGHTER, New York BOB GRAHAM, Florida ALCEE L. HASTINGS, Florida RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin MIKE McINTYRE, North Carolina HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON, New York EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS VACANT, Department of State VACANT, Department of Defense WILLIAM HENRY LASH III, Department of Commerce ii ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE The Helsinki process, formally titled the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, traces its origin to the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in Finland on August 1, 1975, by the leaders of 33 European countries, the United States and Canada. As of January 1, 1995, the Helsinki process was renamed the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). The membership of the OSCE has expanded to 55 participating States, reflecting the breakup of the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. The OSCE Secretariat is in Vienna, Austria, where weekly meetings of the participating States’ permanent representatives are held. In addition, specialized seminars and meetings are convened in various locations. Periodic consultations are held among Senior Officials, Ministers and Heads of State or Government. Although the OSCE continues to engage in standard setting in the fields of military security, economic and environmental cooperation, and human rights and humanitarian con- cerns, the Organization is primarily focused on initiatives designed to prevent, manage and resolve conflict within and among the participating States. The Organization deploys nu- merous missions and field activities located in Southeastern and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. The website of the OSCE is: <www.osce.org>. ABOUT THE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also known as the Helsinki Commission, is a U.S. Government agency created in 1976 to monitor and encourage compli- ance by the participating States with their OSCE commitments, with a particular emphasis on human rights. The Commission consists of nine members from the United States Senate, nine mem- bers from the House of Representatives, and one member each from the Departments of State, Defense and Commerce. The positions of Chair and Co-Chair rotate between the Sen- ate and House every two years, when a new Congress convenes. A professional staff assists the Commissioners in their work. In fulfilling its mandate, the Commission gathers and disseminates relevant informa- tion to the U.S. Congress and the public by convening hearings, issuing reports that reflect the views of Members of the Commission and/or its staff, and providing details about the activities of the Helsinki process and developments in OSCE participating States. The Commission also contributes to the formulation and execution of U.S. policy regarding the OSCE, including through Member and staff participation on U.S. Delega- tions to OSCE meetings. Members of the Commission have regular contact with par- liamentarians, government officials, representatives of non-governmental organiza- tions, and private individuals from participating States. The website of the Commission is: <www.csce.gov>. iii ENFORCING U.S. POLICIES AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS: HOW IS THE U.S. MILITARY DOING? SEPTEMBER 21, 2004 PARTICIPANTS Page Hon. Duncan Hunter, Chairman, House Armed Services Committee ............................... 1 Hon. Christopher H. Smith, Chairman, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe ............................................................................................................................... 2 Hon. Benjamin L. Cardin, Ranking Member, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe......................................................................................................... 4 Hon. Hillary Rodham Clinton, Commissioner, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe......................................................................................................... 5 Hon. Mike McIntyre, Commissioner, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe ................................................................................................................................... 5 Amb. John R. Miller, Director, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, U.S. Department Of State .................................................................................................... 6 Joseph E. Schmitz, Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense ................................. 8 Hon. Charles S. Abell, Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, U.S. Department of Defense ................................................................... 10 Gen. Leon J. LaPorte, Commander, United States Forces Korea .................................... 11 Hon. Roscoe G. Bartlett, Member, House Armed Services Committee ........................... 13 Hon. John Kline, Member, House Armed Services Committee ........................................ 18 Hon. Madeleine Z. Bordallo, Member, House Armed Services Committee ..................... 21 Dr. Sarah E. Mendelson, Senior Fellow, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC ................................................................................................... 27 Martina E. Vandenberg, Attorney, Jenner and Block ........................................................ 30 APPENDICES Prepared Statement of Hon. Benjamin L. Cardin............................................................... 43 Materials Submitted for the Record by Hon. Hillary Rodham Clinton • Prepared Statement of Hon. Hillary Rodham Clinton.............................................. 44 • Congressional Record Statement of July 16, 2004 ...................................................... 46 Prepared Statement of Amb. John R. Miller ....................................................................... 51 Prepared Statement of Hon. Charles S. Abell ..................................................................... 54 Materials Submitted for the Record by Joseph E. Schmitz • Prepared Statement of Joseph E. Schmitz ................................................................. 56 • Assessment of DOD Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons Phase I—United States Forces Korea .................................................................... 59 Phase II—Bosnia–Herzegovina and Kosovo .......................................................... 72 • “Inspecting Sex Slavery through the Fog of Moral Relativism”............................. 102 iv APPENDICES (CONT’D) Prepared Statement of Gen. Leon J. LaPorte ................................................................... 113 Prepared Statement of Dr. Sarah E. Mendelson............................................................... 118 Prepared Statement of Martina E. Vandenberg ............................................................... 125 Materials Submitted for the Record by Hon. Christopher H. Smith • The White House Press Release on National Security Presidential Directive [NSPD–22] regarding Trafficking in Persons, dated February 25, 2003 ........................................................................................................ 132 • Memorandum from Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz on Combating Trafficking in Persons in the Department of Defense, dated January 30, 2004 ............................................................................................... 135 • Memorandum from Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld on Combating Trafficking in Persons, dated September 16, 2004 .............................. 137 • NATO Policy on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, adopted June 28, 2004 ................................................................................................ 138 • U.N. Department of Peacekeeping Operations Position Paper on Trafficking in Persons, adopted July 2004 .......................................................... 148 • UN Secretary General’s Bulletin: Special Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse, dated October 9, 2003 .................... 158 • OSCE Parliamentary Assembly Edinburgh Declaration’s Resolution on Combating Trafficking in Persons, adopted July 2004 ...................................... 161 v ISSUE FORUM: ENFORCING U.S. POLICIES AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS: HOW IS THE U.S. MILITARY DOING? SEPTEMBER 21, 2004 COMMISSION ON S ECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE AND HOUSE A RMED S ERVICES C OMMITTEE, WASHINGTON, DC The Issue Forum was held at 3 p.m. in Room 2118, Rayburn House Office
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