400.0 kind day big brother hand love 45.0 st clement 25.0 65.0 world russian communists brien south india thought central africa face reclamation centres victory cigarette 200.0 julius caesar comrade tillotson winston smith roman catholics theory and practice of 25.0 comrade withers 40.0 bering strait oceania southern india emmanuel goldstein 60.0 years comrade ogilvy indonesian archipelago winston words body eurasian higher war ministry called south indian people junior anti-sex league european russia eyes community centre western europe room looked physical jerks long turned south americans 100.0 julia big catholic church human airstrip one chapter iii records department chapter i fiction department eleventh edition british empire golden country minutes hate big brother is watching you chestnut tree 50.0 floating fortress 25.0 party 35.0 north america st martin sports committee man knew saint sebastian freedom is slavery place cock robin youth league life apparently i war is peace mind bumstead j 75.0 dictionary newspeak german nazis victory mansions word god is power communist international 25.0 imperial china english socialism victory coffee yde park junior anti-sex standard english chestnut tree caf west african ignorance is strength victory square smith w interim report oligarchical collectivism victory gin ninth three-year plan teleprogrammes department british isles hate song fiction departrnent hong kong floating fortresses chess committee victory cigarettes neolithic age clement danes research department indian ocean music department labour party middle ages three-year plans moment boat race youth movement with big brother conspicuous merit lord mayor 30.0 north africa spanking stories

70.0 voice time power

------INDEX WORDS WITH HIGH RELEVANCY 400-25 I year feel 25.1 15.0 future piece mother hatred oliver cromwell times reality muck house set young rewrite squad full understand salvation army act written planning committee 18.0 began law courts death eastasia shaftesbury avenue side glass heard paddington station- bed society case and two make five fact street english book hands part table memory hours happened control feeling paper 10.0 woman nineteen general work 17.0 11.0 language white point sort air held water remember simply 14.0 outer sound minutes brought proles real meaning members stood felt front ten political hair floor true heart occurred days exist children seconds give brother 20.0 present 9.0 changed pain 13.0 open read suddenly 16.0 syme government girl stopped means small truth goldstein needed head men appeared sitting don enemy public books black dark gave sense put middle enormous working member impossible person important great sat arm hour revolution eurasia twenty 10.0 change police started longer fear lay large records fell door existed question light wall london top thinking hold told meant writing 12.0 gin 19.0 order matter passed good fingers dead left parsons history remembered

------INDEX WORDS WITH MID RELEVANCY 25 - 8 II easily 7.0 completely stuff consciousness vast 9.0 song totalitarian spectacles process red appearance believed care morning common standing 8.0 short easy memories idea peace produced rats victory wanted quarter plenty states happen alive nose eurasian evidence original knowledge noticed caught deep reason stop call grown women cold line freedom smith window picture early smell remain cell overalls historical vocabulary broken single difficult practice making night 7.0 7.0 free difference music official living heavy didn 6.0 lies sight corner usual conscious labour sister 9.0 feet fighting running contained lost crowd tiny class brotherhood knowing state turn reading thoughts singing speak sleep dream picked mouth betrayed opened metres wrote added filled today week atomic mass shut century clothes british remained forgotten news flat job effort 8.0 instant movements dangerous prisoners continued civil wondered arms movement evening expression controls existence group home rate physical shop crimes secret complete meet aware earlier darkness diary age child coming number theory talking hate faces boots high 6.0 live perpetual purpose worked pieces speech skin 6.0 torture 7.0 chair immediately principles wife struck boy date ruling speaking pushed object intellectual lived habit

------INDEX WORDS WITH MID & MIN RELEVANCY 25 - 8 / 8 - 0 III continuous coffee afternoon allowed curious hundreds guards silent oldspeak strong killed main chocolate knees moved lying shouting spies danger expected quickly pulled cut comrade altered vision figures essay dust holding constantly building aim stand machine powerful law bells walked 5.0

learn population glance +++++++ NOTE ++++++ find 6.0 watched Since, The content of this book final is generated by the online bring lives platform, was not possible to finally huge include all the content, There- lie 5.0 system for what you are going to read names effect is the most relevant referenc- rest ordinary earth es text from Wikipedia which a food military worst group of words are related to clear version numbers that. powers normal couple destroy bread hidden + hope weeks story blue show simultaneously each group of words is catego- covered occasionally rized by a number which the first disappeared nature part reference to the article hear chestnut and second part to the number of grew invented paragraph in that text. figure vaguely e.q: 2 / 12 = Article 2 / paragraph 12

****************************

5.0 happening 5.0 published instance slightly natural pocket leader colour sun slowly force house similar shoot

------INDEX WORDS WITH MIN RELEVANCY 8 - 0 IV +++++++ 0 / 0 +++++++ alism and independent thinking mainland Europe and established BBC Television in December 1954. NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR as “”. The tyranny big brother the second superstate of Eur- The production proved to be is epitomized by Big Brother, face asia. The third superstate, hugely controversial, with ques- big brother the quasi-divine Party leader small Eastasia, comprises the regions tions asked in Parliament and outer party who enjoys an intense cult of members of East Asia and Southeast Asia. many viewer complaints over its winston personality, but who may not part The three superstates wage per- supposed subversive nature and airstrip one even exist. Big Brother and the appeared petual war for the remaining horrific content. In a 2000 poll party Party justify their oppressive brother unconquered lands of the world, of industry experts conducted by english socialism rule in the name of a supposed forming and breaking allianc- the British Film Institute to world greater good. The protagonist undefined es as is convenient. From his determine the 100 Greatest Brit- ministry of the novel, Winston Smith, is childhood (1949–53), Winston ish Television Programmes of the oceania a member of the Outer Party who remembers the Atomic Wars fought 20th century, Nineteen Eighty- big works for the Ministry of Truth in Europe, western Russia, and Four was ranked in seventy-third nineteen (or Minitrue), which is respon- North America. It is unclear to position. member sible for propaganda and histor- him what occurred first: the Par- great ical revisionism. His job is to ty’s victory in the civil war, political rewrite past newspaper articles +++++++ 0 / 10 +++++++ the US annexation of the Brit- truth so that the historical record NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR ish Empire, or the war in which times always supports the current par- Colchester was bombed. However, set ty line. Smith is a diligent and winston smith his strengthening memories and +++++++ 3 / 3 +++++++ control skillful worker, but he secretly theory and practice of the story of his family’s disso- 1984 (1956 FILM) paper hates the Party and dreams of don lution suggest that the atom- ingsoc rebellion against Big Brother. bed ic bombings occurred first (the winston smith public members Smiths took refuge in a tube winston english true station), followed by civil war present outer street featuring “confused street fight- syme brother occurred ing in London itself”, and the parsons present fell societal postwar reorganisation, smith government london which the Party retrospectively thinking writing calls “the Revolution”. Edmond O’Brien as Winston Smith smith victory Michael Redgrave as General perpetual practice O’Connor historical +++++++ 2 / 8 +++++++ fighting Jan Sterling as Julia propaganda NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR (TV PROGRAMME) reading David Kossoff as Charrington the state atomic Junk Shop Owner job big brother british Mervyn Johns as Jones published love civil Donald Pleasence as R. Parsons leader real memories Carol Wolveridge as Selina Par- invented brother theory sons system top clear Ernest Clark as Outer Party An- stop nouncer Nineteen Eighty-Four, sometimes news The story of Winston Smith be- +++++++ 2 / 0 +++++++ Patrick Allen as Inner Party published as 1984, is a dys- gins on 4 April 1984: “It was a NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR (TV PROGRAMME) Official topian novel by The cast and crew moved to Stu- bright cold day in April, and Michael Ripper as Outer Party published in 1949. The novel is dio D at the BBC’s Lime Grove the clocks were striking thir- winston smith Orator set in Airstrip One (formerly Studios on Saturday 11 December teen”; yet he is uncertain of winston Ewen Solon as Outer Party Orator known as Great Britain), a prov- 1954 for a full camera rehears- the true date, given the ré- life Kenneth Griffith as Prisoner ince of the superstate Oceania al and run-through. Rehearsals gime’s continual rewriting and nineteen in a world of perpetual war, continued the following day un- manipulation of history. His written omnipresent government surveil- til shortly before transmission, memories and his reading of the ten lance, and public manipulation, which began at 20:37 Sunday 12 proscribed book, The Theory and smith dictated by a political system December and continued for the Practice of Oligarchical Collec- totalitarian euphemistically named English best part of two hours. tivism, by Emmanuel Goldstein, british Socialism (or Ingsoc in the reveal that after the Second +++++++ 9 / 2 +++++++ government’s invented language, World War, the United Kingdom Nineteen Eighty-Four is a Brit- NEWSPEAK Newspeak) under the control of fell to civil war and then was ish television adaptation of the a privileged Inner Party elite +++++++ 3 / 4 +++++++ absorbed into Oceania. Simul- novel of the same name by George theory and practice of that persecutes all individu- 1984 (1956 FILM) taneously, the USSR conquered Orwell, originally broadcast on oligarchical collectivism

------WORDS AND REFERENCES 1 british isles revolution food ters is that I fell into the oceania side trap of assuming that ‘the war times middle However, Winston’s resolve to and the revolution are insepa- single police continue loving Julia is burned rable.’” Thematically Nineteen practice brought +++++++ 2 / 4 +++++++ away when he finally enters Room Eighty-Four (1949) and Animal theory point NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR (TV PROGRAMME) 101. O’Brien threatens to let Farm (1945) share the betrayed natural read rats devour Winston’s face, and revolution; the person’s sub- telescreens outer party in utter desperation he begs ordination to the collective; The aim of Newspeak is to remove flat room O’Brien, “Do it to Julia!” Julia rigorously enforced class dis- all shades of meaning from lan- danger julia is seen one last time in the tinctions (Inner Party, Out- guage, leaving simple concepts bread woman novel, when she meets Winston er Party, Proles); the cult (pleasure and pain, happiness covered girl after they have both been re- of personality; concentration and sadness, goodthink and hidden black integrated into Oceania soci- camps; Thought Police; compul- crimethink) that reinforce the side ety and restored to orthodox sory regimented daily exer- total dominance of the State. Winston Smith, a member of the young thought. They agree nothing – cise and youth leagues. Oceania Newspeak root words serve as Outer Party (middle class), outer not even sex – matters any more, resulted from the US annexation both nouns and verbs, further lives in the ruins of an England gin because their feelings for each of the British Empire to count- reducing the total number of already ravaged by World War II, change other are gone. Julia explains er the Asian peril to Australia words; for example, “think” is civil conflict, and the revolu- turn to Winston that “sometimes... and New Zealand. It is a naval both a noun and verb, so the tion which brought the Party shop they threaten you with something power whose militarism vener- word thought is not required and to power. At some point in the freedom – something you can’t stand up ates the sailors of the floating can be abolished. The party also past he was separated from his meet to, can’t even think about. And fortresses, from which battle intends that Newspeak be spoken family, placed in an orphanage, food then you say, ‘Don’t do it to is given to recapturing India, in staccato rhythms with sylla- and trained as a civil servant me, do it to somebody else, do the “Jewel in the Crown” of the bles that are easy to pronounce. by the state. Winston leads an Other cast members included it to so-and-so.’ ... And after British Empire. Much of Oceanic This will make speech more au- austere existence, confined to a Yvonne Mitchell, who had starred that, you don’t feel the same society is based upon the USSR tomatic and unconscious and re- one-room apartment on a subsis- in the Kneale/Cartier Wuthering towards the other person any under —Big Brother; duce the likelihood of thought. tence diet of black bread and Heights, as Julia, and An- longer”. It is also suggest- the televised (See duckspeak.) In addition, synthetic meals washed down with dré Morell as O’Brien. Wilfrid ed that she has been given a is ritual demonisation of the words with negative meanings Victory-brand gin. He begins Brambell, later famous for his lobotomy (“...and there was a enemies of the State, especial- are removed as redundant, so retaining a journal criticis- roles in Steptoe and Son and as long scar, partly hidden by the ly Emmanuel Goldstein (viz Leon “bad” becomes “ungood”. Words ing the Party and its enigmatic Paul McCartney’s grandfather in hair, across her forehead and Trotsky); altered photographs with comparative and superlative leader, Big Brother, which - if A Hard Day’s Night, appeared in temple...”). and newspaper articles cre- meanings are also simplified, so uncovered by the Thought Po- two roles, as the old man Win- ate unpersons deleted from the “better” becomes “gooder”, and lice - likely warrants certain ston speaks with in the pub and national historical record, in- “best” becomes “goodest”. Inten- death. The flat has an alcove, as a prisoner later on when Win- cluding even founding members of sifiers can be added, so “great” beside the telescreen, where ston is imprisoned. Nigel Kneale the regime (Jones, Aaronson and became “plusgood”, and “excel- Winston apparently cannot be who had briefly acted in the Rutherford) in the 1960s purges lent” and “splendid” become seen, and thus believes he has 1940s before turning to script- (viz the Soviet Purges of the “doubleplusgood”. This ambiguity some privacy, while writing in writing, had a small voice-over +++++++ 0 / 84 +++++++ 1930s, in which leaders of the between comparative/superlative his journal: “ does role as an announcer. The face NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR Bolshevik Revolution were simi- forms and intensified forms is not entail death. Thoughtcrime of Big Brother was Roy Oxley, a larly treated). A similar thing one of the few examples of ambi- IS death.” The telescreens (in member of the BBC design depart- emmanuel goldstein also happened during the French guity in Newspeak. every public area, and the quar- ment whose inclusion was some- arm Revolution in which many of the ters of the Party’s members), thing of an in-joke on the part existed original leaders of the Revolu- have hidden microphones and cam- of the production team. question tion were later put to death, eras. These devices, alongside altered for example Danton who was put informers, permit the Thought to death by Robespierre, and Police to spy upon everyone and During World War II (1939–1945) then later Robespierre himself so identify anyone who might Orwell believed that British met the same fate. endanger the Party’s régime; democracy as it existed be- children, most of all, are in- +++++++ 12 / 5 +++++++ fore 1939 would not survive the +++++++ 0 / 12 +++++++ doctrinated to spy and inform on JULIA (NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR) war, the question being “Would NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR suspected thought-criminals – it end via Fascist coup d’état especially their parents. outer party (from above) or via Socialist thought police good revolution (from below) Later thought telescreens he admitted that events proved black shut him wrong: “What really mat-

------WORDS AND REFERENCES 2 +++++++ 5 / 1 +++++++ Eighty-Four soon after its pub- rised”, i.e. not only killed by mind were filmed on the demolition GEORGE ORWELL lication in 1949, with Kenneth the state, but denied existence suddenly site that became BBC Television Tynan having apparently origi- even in history or memory. put Centre. Following the filming, emmanuel goldstein nally been keen on adapting the news rehearsals for the cast began at telescreen work. The first version of the eurasian Mary Ward Settlement, Tavistock goldstein script, produced in late 1953, Place from 22 November (moving changed was written by Hugh Faulks, in An alcoholic Winston sits by to 60 Paddington Street from 29 running consultation with Orwell’s widow himself in the Chestnut Tree November). During these rehears- lie Sonia Brownell, but when Cartier Cafe, still troubled by false als, the cast memorised their joined in January 1954 he de- memories which he is convinced lines and cues as important in a Commonly ranked as one of the manded that Kneale be allowed to are indeed false. He tries to live television production as in most influential English writers handle the adaptation. This and put them out of his mind when a play. of the 20th century and as one other complexities of production suddenly a news bulletin an- of the most important chroni- meant that the April airdate – nounces Oceania’s “decisive clers of English culture of his which would have been about 30 victory” over Eurasian armies generation, Orwell wrote liter- years before the novel was set – +++++++ 0 / 29 +++++++ in Africa. A raucous celebra- ary criticism, poetry, fiction had to be postponed. NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR tion begins outside, and Winston and polemical journalism. He imagines himself a part of it. is best known for the dystopi- minutes hate As he looks up in admiration an novel Nineteen Eighty-Four minutes at a portrait of Big Brother, (1949) and the allegorical no- +++++++ 0 / 9 +++++++ enemy Winston realises that “the final, +++++++ 2 / 3 +++++++ vella Animal Farm (1945). His NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR real indispensable, healing change” NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR (TV PROGRAMME) book Homage to Catalonia (1938), goldstein within his own mind had only an account of his experiences in records department hate been completed at just that party the Spanish Civil War, is widely people moment. He engages in a “bliss- man acclaimed, as are his numerous history Emmanuel Goldstein—ostensibly ful dream” in which he offers a ministry essays on politics, literature, records a former leader of the Party, full, public confession of his big language, and culture. In 2008, order counter-revolutionary leader of crimes and is executed. He feels small The Times ranked him second on a existence the Brotherhood, and author of that all is well now that he has history list of “The 50 greatest British line The Book, The Theory and Prac- at last achieved a victory over writing writers since 1945”. controls tice of Oligarchical Collectiv- himself, ending his previous secret law ism, Goldstein is the symbolic “stubborn, self-willed exile” diary story Enemy of the State—the national from the love of Big Brother – a memories killed nemesis who ideologically unites love Winston now happily re- evidence the people of Oceania with the turns. As the government, the Party Party, especially during the Two The role of Winston Smith was +++++++ 2 / 2 +++++++ controls the population with Minutes Hate and other fear- taken by Peter Cushing, one of NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR (TV PROGRAMME) four ministries: the Ministry mongering. While Winston even- his first major roles. Carti- of Peace (Minipax), which deals tually learns that The Book is +++++++ 2 / 7 +++++++ er cast him after having been airstrip one with war, the Ministry of Plenty the product of an Inner Party NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR (TV PROGRAMME) impressed with his performance thought (Miniplenty), which deals with committee that includes O’Brien, in a BBC production of Anasta- place economic affairs (rationing whether Goldstein or his Broth- chestnut tree sia the previous year. Cushing oceania and starvation), the Ministry erhood are real or fabrications victory gin went on to become a film star, existence of Love (Miniluv), which deals of Party propaganda is something words as would his co-star Donald state with law and order (torture and that neither Winston nor the members Pleasence, who played Syme. story Brainwashing), the Ministry of reader is permitted to know. large Pleasence was the only member Truth (Minitrue), which deals sitting of the cast present in the 1956 It was his work on Quatermass with propaganda (news, enter- victory feature film adaptation of the that had prompted the BBC’s Head tainment, education and art) The betrayed story, playing an amalgamation of Drama, Michael Barry, to ask protagonist Winston Smith, a chestnut of Syme and Parsons with the Cartier to work on an adapta- member of the Outer Party, works latter’s name. tion of the novel, having shown in the Records Department of the Further location shooting took his abilities with literary Ministry of Truth as an editor, place on 18 November which sources in a version of Wuther- revising historical records to were exterior scenes featuring ing Heights, again with Kneale make the past conform to the +++++++ 0 / 24 +++++++ Smith’s travels in the proletar- handling the scripting. The BBC ever-changing party line and de- NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR ian sector. According to Peter had purchased the rights to a leting references to unpersons, Cushing, speaking on Late Night television version of Nineteen people who have been “vapo- chestnut tree Line-Up in 1965, these scenes

------WORDS AND REFERENCES 3 ularly loathed her because of of the 100 best English-lan- age, in the background of which brien her membership in the fanatical guage novels from 1923 to 2005. one seemed to hear the stamps of meant Junior Anti-Sex League. Addi- It was awarded a place on both naked feet and the throbbing of means tionally, Julia was the type of lists of Modern Library 100 Best tom-toms. For perhaps as much as freedom woman he believed he could not Novels, reaching number 13 on thirty seconds they kept it up. destroy +++++++ 2 / 22 +++++++ attract: young and puritanical. the editor’s list, and 6 on the It was a refrain that was often NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR (TV PROGRAMME) Nonetheless, his hostility to- readers’ list. In 2003, the nov- heard in moments of overwhelming Later, when the Inner Party wards her vanishes upon reading el was listed at number 8 on the emotion. Partly it was a sort of member O’Brien approaches him, north america the message. As it turns out, BBC’s survey The Big Read. hymn to the wisdom and majesty Winston believes he is an agent language Julia is a thoughtcriminal too, of Big Brother, but still more of the Brotherhood, a secret, original and hates the Party as much as it was an act of self-hypnosis, counter-revolutionary organisa- continued he does. a deliberate drowning of con- tion meant to destroy the Party. normal sciousness by means of rhythmic The approach opens a secret moved noise. communication between them; and, quickly on pretext of giving him a copy of the latest edition of the BBC2, 28 November 1965, new pro- +++++++ 6 / 6 +++++++ Dictionary of Newspeak, O’Brien duction of an updated version of BIG BROTHER (NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR) gives Winston the Book, The the 1954 script. +++++++ 7 / 5 +++++++ Theory and Practice of Oligar- time O’BRIEN (NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR) chical Collectivism, by Emmanu- knew el Goldstein, the infamous and public time publicly reviled leader of the needed remember Brotherhood. The Book explains +++++++ 0 / 1 +++++++ wanted impossible the concept of perpetual war, NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR home existed the true meanings of the slogans boy telescreens WAR IS PEACE, FREEDOM IS SLAV- time allowed pushed ERY, and IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH, room essay and how the régime of the Party place published The choice of the clearly Irish can be overthrown by means of day normal surname is regarded as a ref- the political awareness of the +++++++ 0 / 14 +++++++ memory erence to Brendan Bracken, 1st Proles. NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR language When Winston Smith is lat- Viscount Bracken, under whom secret er arrested, O’Brien describes Orwell worked during the war junior anti-sex age Big Brother as a figure who will creating propaganda, and whom julia number never die. When Smith asks if Orwell detested. In what has woman totalitarian Big Brother exists, O’Brien been described as “one of the hands red describes him as “the embod- strangest coincidences in liter- +++++++ 2 / 6 +++++++ men official iment of the Party” and says ature”, it was revealed in 2003 NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR (TV PROGRAMME) dark that he will exist as long as that O’Brien was the codename young As literary political fiction the Party exists. When Winston of NKVD agent Hugh O’Donnell, brien believed and dystopian science-fiction, asks “Does Big Brother exist who received reports on the au- mind women Nineteen Eighty-Four is a clas- the same way I do?” (meaning thor from his subordinate David kind sight sic novel in content, plot, and is Big Brother an actual human Crook when Crook spied on Orwell true style. Many of its terms and being), O’Brien replies “You do during the Spanish Civil War. doublethink One day, at the Minitrue, as concepts, such as Big Broth- not exist” (meaning that Smith physical Winston is assisting a woman er, doublethink, thoughtcrime, is now an unperson; an example practice who has fallen down, she sur- Newspeak, Room 101, Telescreen, of doublethink). A spontaneous age reptitiously hands him a folded 2 + 2 5, and , have ritual of devotion to Big Broth- completely paper note; later, at his desk, entered everyday use since its er (“BB”) is illustrated at the thoughts he covertly reads the message: I publication in 1949. Moreover, end of the “Two Minutes Hate”: filled LOVE YOU. The woman is “Julia”, Nineteen Eighty-Four popular- At this moment the entire group purpose a young dark haired mechanic ised the adjective Orwellian, of people broke into a deep, principles who repairs the Minitrue nov- which describes official decep- slow, rhythmic chant of ‘B-B! rats el-writing machines. Before that tion, secret surveillance, and .... B-B! .... B-B!’—over and finally occasion, Winston had loathed manipulation of the past by a over again, very slowly, with a holding the sight of her, since women totalitarian or authoritarian long pause between the first ‘B’ +++++++ 0 / 16 +++++++ final tended to be the most fanatical state. In 2005, the novel was and the second—a heavy murmurous NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR worst supporters of Ingsoc. He partic- chosen by TIME magazine as one sound, somehow curiously sav-

------WORDS AND REFERENCES 4 Until the early 1960s, the vast love +++++++ 21 / 1 +++++++ work majority of the BBC’s television heart WINSTON SMITH head was performed live. Nonethe- ten written less, there was a certain degree speak victory coffee meant of pre-shooting in the form of wrote victory cigarettes +++++++ 7 / 6 +++++++ date inserts on film, which could torture turned O’BRIEN (NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR) allowed be played into the studio and peace prisoners version broadcast as part of the play to plenty eurasian moment cover changes of scene or show final coffee sort Directed by Michael Anderson location material which would minutes Produced by N. Peter Rathvon have been impossible to mount George Orwell “encapsulate[d] Winston Smith works as a clerk meaning Written by Ralph Gilbert live in the studio. Initial the thesis at the heart of his in the Records Department of exist Bettison filming for Nineteen Eighty-Four unforgiving novel” in 1944, the the Ministry of Truth, where seconds William Templeton took place on 10 November 1954 implications of dividing the his job is to rewrite histor- means George Orwell (novel) in Studio B of Alexandra Palace world up into Zones of influence ical documents so they match lies Starring Edmond O’Brien (even by then all but abandoned had been conjured by the Teh- the constantly changing cur- feet Michael Redgrave as a venue for shooting drama, ran Conference, and three years rent party line. This involves group Jan Sterling although it housed the news and later he wrote most of it on the revising newspaper articles and heavy Music by Malcolm Arnold later the Open University for Scottish island of Jura, from doctoring photographs—mostly to consciousness Cinematography C.M. Penning- the next thirty years), with 1947 to 1948, despite being se- remove “unpersons,” people who hear ton-Richards footage of the Two Minutes’ Hate riously ill with tuberculosis. have fallen foul of the party. Editing by Bill Lewthwaite and some of the canteen scenes On 4 December 1948, he sent the Because of his proximity to the In the 1984 film version of the Studio Holiday Film Productions being filmed there. final manuscript to the publisher mechanics of rewriting histo- story, O’Brien was portrayed by Ltd. Secker and Warburg and Nine- ry, Winston Smith nurses doubts Richard Burton in his last role Distributed by Columbia Pictures teen Eighty-Four was published about the Party and its monopoly prior to his death. In the 1956 Release dates 1956 on 8 June 1949. By 1989, it had on truth. Whenever Winston ap- film, O’Brien was renamed O’Con- Running time 90 minutes been translated into sixty-five pears in front of a telescreen, nor, possibly to avoid confu- Country United Kingdom languages, more than any other he is referred to as “6079 Smith sion with Edmund O’Brien who Language English novel in English at the time. W”. portrayed Winston. O’Connor was Box office £80,073[1] The title of the novel, its played by Michael Redgrave. themes, the Newspeak language, and the author’s surname are +++++++ 6 / 29 +++++++ often invoked against control BIG BROTHER (NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR) and intrusion by the state, while the adjective Orwellian face describes a totalitarian dys- +++++++ 2 / 15 +++++++ question topia characterised by govern- NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR (TV PROGRAMME) +++++++ 3 / 18 +++++++ difficult ment control and subjugation of 1984 (1956 FILM) +++++++ 3 / 10 +++++++ usual the people. Orwell’s invented victory square 1984 (1956 FILM) speech language, Newspeak, satirises set world added hypocrisy and evasion by the hate long room state: for example, the Minis- covered middle paper Big Brother’s face looms from try of Love (Miniluv) oversees house believed torture giant telescreens in Victory torture and brainwashing, the lost line Square in Michael Radford’s 1984 Ministry of Plenty (Miniplenty) The programme was such a success covered totalitarian film adaptation of George Or- oversees shortage and famine, that the script was performed freedom well’s Nineteen Eighty-Four. the Ministry of Peace (Minipax) again on 8 February 1955. This undefined wife oversees war and atrocity, and was not a repeat – it was a new watched the Ministry of Truth (Minitrue) broadcast of the same script oversees propaganda and histori- with minor changes. One change 1984 is a 1956 film loosely based cal revisionism. was the recorded addition of on the novel of the same name John Snagge as the BBC announcer by George Orwell of a totali- +++++++ 0 / 2 +++++++ previously portrayed by Sellers. tarian future society. This is NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR the first cinema rendition of +++++++ 3 / 2 +++++++ the story, directed by Michael war 1984 (1956 FILM) Anderson, and starring Edmond years O’Brien. Also starring are Don- newspeak years ald Pleasence, Jan Sterling, and

------WORDS AND REFERENCES 5 Michael Redgrave. Pleasence also Album Chart, and was later cer- with Hotchkis and his orches- appeared in the 1954 television tified Gold by the BPI for sales Nineteen Eighty-Four is set in tra following the action on a version of the film, playing the in excess of 100,000 copies.[11] Oceania, one of three inter-con- closed-circuit screen to syn- character of Syme, which in the A song from the album, “Sex- tinental superstates that di- chronise their performance. film was amalgamated with that +++++++ 1 / 126 +++++++ crime (Nineteen Eighty-Four)”, vided the world among themselves of Parsons. O’Brien, the an- NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR (FILM) was released as a single just after a global war. Most of the tagonist, was renamed “O’Con- prior to the album and became action takes place in London, nor”, unsurprisingly since the julia one of Eurythmics’ biggest hits, the “chief city of Airstrip lead actor was Edmond O’Brien. reality peaking at number 4 and was One”, the Oceanic province that After the customary distributor ten awarded a Silver disc for sales “had once been called England or agreement expired, the film was top in excess of 200,000 copies.[11] Britain”. Posters of the Party withdrawn from the theatrical lay The music video for the single leader, Big Brother, bearing the and TV distribution channels by told featured clips from the film. The caption “BIG BROTHER IS WATCH- Orwell’s estate and was not le- group track “Julia” was also released ING YOU”, dominate the city, gally obtainable for many years, high as a single though peaked just while the ubiquitous telescreen +++++++ 6 / 91 +++++++ although it has since been line outside the Top 40. (transceiving television set) BIG BROTHER (NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR) released on DVD and clips have music monitors the private and public surfaced on YouTube. child lives of the populace. The so- love lie cial class system of Oceania is point figure threefold: (I) the upper-class existence Inner Party, the elite ruling aware +++++++ 0 / 30 +++++++ Virgin Films (formerly part of minority, who make up 2% of the ordinary NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR the Virgin Group), who financed population. the film, commissioned the Brit- +++++++ 9 / 3 +++++++ In the novel, it is never made long ish rock/pop duo Eurythmics NEWSPEAK clear whether Big Brother was a heard to produce the music for the real person or an invention by broken soundtrack. Radford objected newspeak the Party to personify itself. evidence to Virgin’s insistence on using felt powers the more pop-oriented elec- point In Party propaganda, Big Broth- vaguely tronic Eurythmics music, as the speak er is presented as one of the traditional orchestral score easily founders of the Party, along Aaronson, Jones, and Ruther- originally intended for the film ruling with Goldstein. At one point, ford—Former members of the In- had been composed entirely by Winston Smith, the protagonist ner Party whom Winston vaguely Dominic Muldowney a few months Adjectives are formed by adding of Orwell’s novel, tries “to re- remembers as among the origi- earlier. the suffix “-ful” to a root word +++++++ 2 / 5 +++++++ member in what year he had first nal leaders of the Revolution, 1984: For The Love Of Big Broth- (e.g., “goodthinkful”, orthodox NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR (TV PROGRAMME) heard mention of Big Brother. long before he had heard of er by Eurythmics (1984). in thought), and adverbs by add- He thought it must have been at Big Brother. They confessed to Against Radford’s wishes, Virgin ing “-wise” (“goodthinkwise”, in telescreen some time in the sixties, but it treasonable conspiracies with exercised their right of final an orthodox manner). member was impossible to be certain. In foreign powers and were then cut and replaced Muldowney’s enemy the Party histories, of course, executed in the political purges musical cues with the new Eu- brought Big Brother figured as the leader of the 1960s. In between their rythmics contributions. One wall and guardian of the Revolution confessions and executions, Eurythmics song, “Julia”, was believed since its very earliest days. Winston saw them drinking in the also heard in its entirety movement His exploits had been gradually Chestnut Tree Café — with broken during the film’s closing cred- picture pushed backwards in time until noses, suggesting that their its. However, Muldowney’s main red already they extended into the confessions had been obtained by theme music (particularly the hidden fabulous world of the forties torture. Later, in the course of state anthem, “Oceania, ‘tis for and the thirties, when the capi- his editorial work, Winston sees thee”) was still prominently The composer of the inciden- talists in their strange cylin- newspaper evidence contradicting featured in the film. In November +++++++ 0 / 6 +++++++ tal music for the programme was drical hats still rode through their confessions, but drops it 1984, Virgin Records released NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR John Hotchkis, who insisted on a the streets of London...” In the into a memory hole. Eleven years the Eurythmics soundtrack album, larger than usual orchestra to year 1984, Big Brother appears later, he is confronted with featuring considerably altered telescreen perform the piece. Kneale hated on posters and telescreens as a the same photograph during his versions of their music heard in called music off disc so the score was handsome man in his mid-40s, but interrogation. the film, under the title 1984 class conducted live to the perfor- he may be long dead, if he ever (For the Love of Big Brother). ruling mance by Hotchkis from Lime existed at all. Despite the controversy, the al- vision Grove Studio E, next door to bum reached number 23 on the UK lives where the play was being staged, When Winston Smith is lat-

------WORDS AND REFERENCES 6 er arrested, O’Brien describes +++++++ 0 / 22 +++++++ simultaneously teen Eighty-Four has been either black Big Brother as a figure who will NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR aim banned or legally challenged standing never die. When Smith asks if as subversive or ideologically difficult Big Brother exists, O’Brien de- body The primary aim of modern war- corrupting, like Aldous Hux- process scribes him as “the embodiment give fare (in accordance with the ley’s Brave New World (1932); principles of the Party” and says that he happen principles of doublethink, this We (1924) by Yevgeny Zamyatin; habit will exist as long as the Party care aim is simultaneously recog- Kallocain (1940) by Karin Boye; continuous exists. When Winston asks “Does stop nized and not recognized by the and Fahrenheit 451 (1951) by Ray Big Brother exist the same way I directing brains of the Inner Bradbury. In 2005, Time magazine undefined do?” (meaning is Big Brother an ”Sometimes,” she said, “they Party) is to use up the products included Nineteen Eighty-Four in actual human being), O’Brien re- threaten you with something – of the machine without raising its list of the one hundred best plies “You do not exist” (mean- something you can’t stand up to, the general standard of liv- English-language novels since ing that Smith is now an unper- can’t even think about. And then ing. Ever since the end of the 1923. Literary scholars consider son; an example of doublethink). you say, ‘Don’t do it to me, nineteenth century, the problem the Russian dystopian novel We, Cult of personality[edit] do it to somebody else, do it of what to do with the surplus by Zamyatin, to have strongly A spontaneous ritual of devotion to so-and-so.’ And perhaps you of consumption goods has been influenced Nineteen Eighty-Four. to Big Brother (“BB”) is illus- might pretend, afterwards, that latent in industrial society. At trated at the end of the “Two it was only a trick and that you present, when few human beings Minutes Hate”: just said it to make them stop even have enough to eat, this At this moment the entire group and didn’t really mean it. But problem is obviously not urgent, +++++++ 6 / 1 +++++++ of people broke into a deep, that isn’t true. At the time and it might not have become so, BIG BROTHER (NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR) slow, rhythmic chant of ‘B-B! when it happens you do mean it. even if no artificial processes +++++++ 0 / 64 +++++++ .... B-B! .... B-B!’—over and You think there’s no other way of destruction had been at work. book NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR over again, very slowly, with a of saving yourself and you’re times long pause between the first ‘B’ quite ready to save yourself arm small and the second—a heavy murmurous that way. You want it to happen important simply sound, somehow curiously sav- to the other person. You don’t wrote reality age, in the background of which give a damn what they suffer. century comrade one seemed to hear the stamps of All you care about is yourself.” civil figures naked feet and the throbbing of “All you care about is your- tom-toms. For perhaps as much as self,” he echoed. In the society that Orwell de- A major theme of Nineteen thirty seconds they kept it up. scribes, every citizen is under Eighty-Four is censorship, espe- It was a refrain that was often constant surveillance by the cially in the Ministry of Truth, heard in moments of overwhelming +++++++ 0 / 4 +++++++ authorities, mainly by tele- where photographs are doctored emotion. Partly it was a sort of +++++++ 6 / 9 +++++++ NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR screens. The people are con- and public archives rewritten to hymn to the wisdom and majesty BIG BROTHER (NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR) stantly reminded of this by the rid them of “unpersons” (i.e., of Big Brother, but still more book phrase “Big Brother is watching persons who have been arrest- it was an act of self-hypnosis, called year you”, the maxim ubiquitous on ed, whom the Party has decid- a deliberate drowning of con- days books display. However, in the na- ed to erase from history). On sciousness by means of rhythmic police cold ture of doublethink, this phrase the telescreens figures for all noise.[5] wall call is also meant to mean that Big types of production are grossly Though Oceania’s Ministry of idea date Brother is a benevolent protec- exaggerated (or simply invent- Truth, Ministry of Plenty, and tor of all citizens. ed) to indicate an ever-growing Ministry of Peace each have Ukrainian-American comedian In the novel 1985 (1978), Antho- economy, when the reality is the names with meanings deliberately Yakov Smirnoff makes frequent ny Burgess suggests that Orwell, opposite. One small example of opposite to their real purpose, reference to both Big Brother disillusioned by the onset of the endless censorship is when the Ministry of Love is perhaps and other Orwellian traits in the (1945–91), intended Winston is charged with the task the most straightforward: “re- his Russian Reversal jokes. to call the book 1948. The in- of eliminating reference to an habilitated thought criminals” troduction to the Penguin Books unperson in a newspaper article. leave the Ministry as loyal sub- Modern Classics edition of Nine- He proceeds to write an article jects who have been brainwashed teen Eighty-Four reports that about Comrade Ogilvy, a fiction- into adoring Big Brother. +++++++ 0 / 39 +++++++ Orwell originally set the novel al party member, who displayed NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR in 1980, but he later shifted great heroism by leaping into the date first to 1982, then to the sea from a helicopter so human 1984. The final title may also +++++++ 10 / 13 +++++++ that the dispatches he was car- general be a permutation of 1948, the SEXCRIME (1984) rying would not fall into enemy principles year of composition. Throughout hands. machine its publication history, Nine- white

------WORDS AND REFERENCES 7 great condemns the crimes of Eastasia, speculation from Douglas Kellner learn hold which is Oceania’s new enemy. of UCLA argued that Big Broth- find perpetual er represents Joseph Stalin and controls that the novel portrayed life In 2011, media analyst and constantly under . political activist Mark Dice powers published a non-fiction book ti- tled Big Brother: The Orwellian +++++++ 6 / 5 +++++++ Crimethink is the Newspeak word Nightmare Come True which anal- BIG BROTHER (NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR) for thoughtcrime (thoughts that yses the parallels between ele- are unorthodox or outside the +++++++ 6 / 14 +++++++ ments of the storyline in Nine- head official government platform), +++++++ 3 / 14 +++++++ BIG BROTHER (NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR) teen Eighty-Four, and current read as well as the verb meaning “to 1984 (1956 FILM) government programs, technology, standing commit thoughtcrime.” Goodthink, simply and cultural trends. coming which is approved by the Party, revolution appeared noticed is the opposite of crimethink. brought fell stand In the book, Winston Smith, the standing free moved main character, writes in his wrote pieces diary, “Thoughtcrime does not original lie In Party propaganda, Big Broth- entail death: thoughtcrime IS call weeks er is presented as one of the death.” —Orwell, 1984 Duckspeak singing founders of the Party, along is a Newspeak term meaning lit- Computer company Microsoft pat- with Goldstein. At one point, erally to quack like a duck or undefined ented in 2011 a product distri- Winston Smith, the protagonist to speak without thinking. Duck- bution system with a camera or +++++++ 3 / 6 +++++++ of Orwell’s novel, tries “to re- speak can be good or “ungood” capture device that monitors the 1984 (1956 FILM) member in what year he had first (bad) depending on who is speak- viewers that consume the prod- heard mention of Big Brother. ing, and whether what they are uct, allowing the provider to impossible He thought it must have been at saying aligns with the ideals of +++++++ 6 / 3 +++++++ take “remedial action” if the open some time in the sixties, but it Big Brother. To speak rubbish BIG BROTHER (NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR) actual viewers do not match the early was impossible to be certain. In and lies may be ungood, but to distribution license. The system hate the Party histories, of course, speak rubbish and lies for the bed has been compared with 1984’s vast Big Brother figured as the leader good of The Party may be good. middle telescreen surveillance system. show and guardian of the Revolution In the appendix to 1984, Orwell mother since its very earliest days. explains: “Ultimately it was passed undefined His exploits had been gradually hoped to make articulate speech worked pushed backwards in time until issue from the larynx with- sister already they extended into the out involving the higher brain grew fabulous world of the forties centres at all. This aim was and the thirties, when the capi- frankly admitted in the Newspeak In the essay section of his nov- talists in their strange cylin- word duckspeak […]. Like various el 1985, Anthony Burgess states drical hats still rode through words in the B vocabulary, duck- that Orwell got the idea for Big the streets of London...” In the speak was ambivalent in meaning. Brother from advertising bill- +++++++ 6 / 13 +++++++ year 1984, Big Brother appears Provided that the opinions which boards for educational corre- BIG BROTHER (NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR) on posters and telescreens as a were quacked out were ortho- spondence courses from a company +++++++ 10 / 15 +++++++ handsome man in his mid-40s, but dox ones, it implied nothing called Bennett’s, current during felt SEXCRIME (1984) he may be long dead, if he ever but praise, and when the Times World War II. The original post- present existed at all. referred to one of the orators ers showed J. M. Bennett him- started eurasia of the Party as a doubleplusgood self: a kindly-looking old man writing passed duckspeaker it was paying a warm offering guidance and support class crowd and valued compliment.” —Orwell, to would-be students with the speak thoughts 1984 An example of duckspeak in phrase “Let me be your father” making crimes action is provided in chapter 9, attached. After Bennett’s death, living when an Inner Party speaker is his son took over the company, reading undefined haranguing the crowd about the and the posters were replaced appearance crimes of Eurasia when a note is with pictures of the son (who remained passed into his hand. He never looked imposing and stern in habit +++++++ 9 / 15 +++++++ stops speaking or changes his contrast to his father’s kindly rest +++++++ 3 / 7 +++++++ NEWSPEAK inflection, but (according to the demeanour) with the text “Let me similar 1984 (1956 FILM) changed Party position) he now be your big brother.” Additional blue

------WORDS AND REFERENCES 8 began lute power, mocking Winston’s are compelled to obedience. re-education, Winston Smith ad- subject to certain levels of street assumption that it was somehow mits to and confesses to crimes monitoring but are not expected important altruistic and “for the great- he did and did not commit, im- to be particularly patriotic, night er good”. Asked if the Broth- plicating anyone and everyone, lack telescreens in their own speaking erhood exists, O’Brien replies including Julia. In the second homes, and often jeer at the that this is something Winston stage, O’Brien makes Winston telescreens that they see. “The undefined will never know; it will remain understand that he is rotting Book” indicates that this state an unsolvable quandary in his away; by this time he is little of things derives from the ob- mind. During a torture session, more than skin and bones. Win- servation that the middle class, his imprisonment in the Minis- ston counters that: “I have not not the lower class, tradition- try of Love is explained: “There betrayed Julia”; O’Brien agrees, ally started revolutions. The are three stages in your rein- Winston had not betrayed Ju- model demands tight control of tegration ... There is learn- lia because he “had not stopped the middle class, with ambitious ing, there is understanding, and +++++++ 10 / 6 +++++++ loving her; his feelings toward Outer Party members neutralised +++++++ 0 / 17 +++++++ there is acceptance,” i.e. of SEXCRIME (1984) her had remained the same.” via promotion to the Inner Party NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR the Party’s assertion of real- One night, in his cell, Win- or “reintegration” by Miniluv, ity. give ston awakens, screaming: “Julia! while proles can be allowed in- part vocabulary Julia! Julia, my love! Julia!” tellectual freedom because they fingers expression O’Brien rushes into the cell and lack intellect. Winston nonethe- held purpose sends him to Room 101, the most less believed that “the future hatred remained feared room in the Ministry of belonged to the proles”. lies +++++++ 0 / 65 +++++++ Love, where resides each prison- complete NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR A: “Sex Crime (1984)” (LP Ver- er’s worst fear, which is forced remain sion) - 3:57 B: “I Did It Just upon him or her. In Room 101 brotherhood children The Same” (LP Version) - 3:32 is Acceptance, the final stage opened A: “Sex Crime (1984)” (Extend- of the political re-education The Thought Police capture Win- rest ed Mix) - 8:01 B1: “Sex Crime of Winston Smith, whose primal ston and Julia in their bedroom normal (1984)” (LP Version) - 3:57 B2: fear of rats is invoked when a and deliver them to the Minis- watched “I Did It Just the Same” (LP wire cage holding hungry rats is try of Love for interrogation. Version) - 3:32 A: “Sex Crime fitted onto his face. As the rats Charrington, the shop keeper who The inhabitants of Oceania, (1984)” (Extended Mix) - 8:01 are about to reach Winston’s rented the room to them, reveals particularly the Outer Party B1: “Julia” (LP Version) - 6:38 face, he shouts: “Do it to Ju- himself as an officer of the members, have no real privacy. B2: “I Did It Just the Same” (LP lia!” thus betraying her and +++++++ 2 / 19 +++++++ Thought Police. Soon after his Many of them live in apartments Version) - 3:32 . relinquishing his love for her. NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR (TV PROGRAMME) arrival at Miniluv, Winston is equipped with two-way tele- greeted by O’Brien. It turns out screens, so that they may be heard that O’Brien is also a Thought watched or listened to at any records Police agent; he was part of a time. Similar telescreens are +++++++ 0 / 55 +++++++ single false flag operation used by the found at workstations and in NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR number Thought Police to root out sus- public places, along with hidden song pected thoughtcriminals. After a microphones. Written correspon- future altered prolonged regimen of systemat- dence is routinely opened and +++++++ 0 / 18 +++++++ started cut ic beatings and psychologically read by the government before NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR live main draining interrogation, O’Brien, it is delivered. The Thought allowed now Smith’s interrogator, tor- Police employ undercover agents, stopped expected Scenes from Nineteen Eighty- tures Winston with electroshock, who pose as normal citizens and understand Four, along with the 1954 adap- showing him how, through con- report any person with subver- fear The proletariat, or “proles,” tation of Animal Farm, were fea- trolled manipulation of percep- sive tendencies. Children are cell live in poverty and are kept tured in “The Two Winstons”, the tion (e.g. seeing whatever num- encouraged to report suspicious betrayed sedated with alcohol, pornog- final episode of Simon Schama’s ber of fingers held up that the persons to the government, and skin raphy and a national lottery program A History of Britain. Party demands one should see, some even denounce their par- rats (whose actual winnings are never whatever the apparent reality, ents. Surveillance controls the remained paid out, a fact obscured by i.e. 2+25), Winston can “cure” citizenry and the smallest sign crimes propaganda and lack of commu- himself of his “insanity” – his of rebellion, even something so stand nication between various parts manifest hatred for the Party. small as a facial expression, holding of Oceania). At the same time, In long, complex conversations, can result in immediate arrest worst the proles are freer and less +++++++ 10 / 2 +++++++ he explains the Inner Party’s and imprisonment. Thus, citizens intimidated than the middle SEXCRIME (1984) motivation: complete and abso- (and particularly party members) In the first stage of political class Outer Party; they are

------WORDS AND REFERENCES 9 meaning +++++++ 0 / 52 +++++++ conscious NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR easy force boots aim high produced The song was originally intended labour to appear in the film 1984, but purpose was dropped prior to the film’s figure release. However, it was used as force background music for the film’s military trailer, and the song’s promo- tional video was included on ”The book” explains that the home video releases of the film. purpose of the unwinnable, per- petual war is to consume human labour and commodities, hence the economy of a superstate cannot support economic equality (a high standard of life) for every citizen. By using up most of the produced objects like boots and rations the “proles” are kept poor and uneducated so that they will not realize what +++++++ 9 / 20 +++++++ the government is doing and they NEWSPEAK will not rebel. Goldstein also details an Oceanian strategy hatred of attacking enemy cities with fell atomic rockets before invasion, idea yet dismisses it as unfeasi- +++++++ END ++++++ immediately ble and contrary to the war’s ************************ huge purpose; despite the atomic bombing of cities in the 1950s ”Un-” is a Newspeak prefix used the superstates stopped such for negation. It is used as a warfare lest it imbalance the prefix to make the word negative, powers. The military technology since there are no antonyms in in 1984 differs little from that Newspeak. For example, warm be- of World War II, yet strategic comes uncold. It is often decid- bomber aeroplanes were replaced ed to keep the word with a more with Rocket Bombs, helicopters unpleasant nuance to it when di- were heavily used as weapons of minishing vocabulary. Therefore, war (while they did not figure cold is preferred to unwarm or in WW2 in any form but proto- unhot, and dark is preferred to types) and surface combat units unlight. The Party’s choice for have been all but replaced by the less pleasant versions of an immense and unsinkable Floating antonym may be interpreted as a Fortresses, island-like contrap- way of rendering its subjects tions concentrating the firepower depressive and pessimistic, as of a whole naval task force in a well as to limit and suppress single, semi-mobile platform (in unorthodox thought. the novel one is said to have been anchored between Iceland and the Faroe Islands, suggest- ing a preference for sea lane interdiction and denial).

------WORDS AND REFERENCES 10 ++++++ ORIGINAL CONTENT ++++++ ++++++ MAIN REFERENCE ++++++ ++++++ SUB REFERENCE ++++++ ++++++ CREDIT ++++++ 1984 Designed by: Amir Houieh Title: Nineteen Eighty-Four Nineteen Eighty-Four (film) From Wikipedia, Nineteen Eighty-Four (TV pro- This project is a part of the last modified on 30 May 2014 at gramme) typography class / second year, 07:33. 1984 (1956 film) by: Adriaan Mellegers. 1984 (1953 TV program) George Orwell ++++++ KABK / 2014 ++++++ Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty- ++++++ NETHERLANDS ++++++ Four) ++++ NEW GENERATED CONTENT ++++ O’Brien (Nineteen Eighty-Four) Nations of Nineteen Eighty-Four Total words: 519 Newspeak Total pages: 14 Sexcrime (1984) Ingsoc most relevant word: Big Brother Julia (Nineteen Eighty-Four) The Brotherhood (Nineteen Eighty-Four) Nineteen Eighty-Four in popular media Brave New World Dystopia Room 101 Ministry of Truth Emmanuel Goldstein Inner Party Winston Smith Rudolph Cartier John Hurt Animal Farm Title: Nineteen Eighty-Four Doublethink Author: George Orwell Outer Party Cover artist: Michael Kennard Proles Country United: Kingdom Suzanna Hamilton Language: English Thoughtcrime Genre: Dystopian, political fic- Telescreen tion, social science fiction Nigel Kneale Published: 8 June 1949 (Secker Orwellian and Warburg, London) Memory hole OCLC: 52187275 Thought Police Dewey Decimal Michael Radford 823/.912 22 The Theory and Practice of Oli- LC Class: PR6029.R8 N647 2003 garchical Collectivism total words: 114,111 Two Minutes Hate total pages: 328 The Quatermass Experiment Richard Burton Ministry of Love 1984 (For the Love of Big Broth- er) List of Newspeak words Aldous Huxley Brazil (1985 film) Totalitarianism 1985 (Anthony Burgess novel) Science fiction Utopian and dystopian fiction

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------WORDS AND REFERENCES 11