% w ape we have as an an- chor of the soul, both sure and stedfast." Hebrews 6:19. 1.111U111111111{111111111111111

A Worizer's Prayer

er, we, who possess Thy truth for this day, ray that Thou -wilt make that truth possess us. elp:us to realize fully that we can knock on doors, But that only Thou canst open hearts. ake us to know that, although we may bring the gospel o the people, It is Thou who must bring the people To accept the gospeL Keep this thought ever before us, That we may be able to drive the truth home to minds, But only Thou canst drive it home to hearts; That we must sow the seed, But only Thou canst give it life and growth. As we earnestly strive To exhort and edify and convince, Help us, 0 Lord, always to remember That" "Thoumust convict. Father, give us the grace to point the lost and dying To the gateway of life, And help them always to see That only Thou canst open the gate d light them through. Father, as we point men to the road to heaven, Help them to place their hands Into the hand of the only Guide Who can lead the way.

—Thomas A. Davis

Official Journal of the Ministerial Association of Seventh-day Adventists VOLUME XXXIV OCTOBER, 1961 No. 10 Editor IN THIS ISSUE ROY ALLAN ANDERSON EDITORIAL Associate Editor ANDREW C. FEARING The Privilege of Stewardship R. A. Anderson 4 ARTICLES Managing Editor HARRY W. LOWE The Minister and Culture G. T. Anderson 7 Tithing in the New Testament C. G. Tuland 10 The New English Bible: A Preliminary Critique Assistant Editors A. P. Salom 13 E. EARL CLEVELAND The Problem of Retirement J. J. Short 16 WALTER SCHUBERT A Veteran in Active Retirement Mrs, H. L. Roberts 17 The Wonderful Charis of God T. K. Ludgate 18 Our Forgotten Brothers W. H. Bergherm 21 Copy Editor The Significance of Baptism A. R. Fraser 26 J. INA WHITE REGULAR FEATURES Consulting Editors Some Books I Can Recommend S. S. Hiten 9 Evangelism: REUBEN R. FIGUHR, WALTER R. BEACH, Progress at the New Gallery Centre, London EDWARD HEPPENSTALL, LOUISE C. K. Lacey 24 KLEUSER, W. B. Ocus, H. L. RUDY The Bible Course and the Soul-winning Campaign S. Japas 28 Youth Can Win Souls! L. M. Nelson 30' Art Editor Pastor—Shepherding the Flock: T. K. MARTIN The Pastor and the Sabbath School ___ M. T. Reiber 31 Maintaining a Successful Christian Experience Circulation Manager C. T. Richards 32 Music in Worship: WALTER SCHUBERT The Minister's Ally J. P. U. McLeod 34 E. EARL CLEVELAND, Assistant Bible Instructor: Our Friends the Congregationalists L. C. Kleuser 37 Overseas Contributors Shepherdess: Candles in the Night—No. 3 L. C. Kleuser 40 GEORGE BURNSIDE Australia Books for Your Library 42 ER1VIN BERNER Central Europe News 44 J. R. SPANGLER Far East Pulpit—Pointers for Preachers H. J. WESTPHAL Inter-America WAYNE E. OLSON Middle East POEMS Northern Europe ODD Joimaz, A Worker's Prayer 2 ENOCH OLIVEIRA South America If the Heart Is Right 8 S. G. MAXWELL Southern Africa J. F. ASHLOCK Southern Asia G. CUPERTINO Southern Europe Our Cover The children of God are in the midst of a stormy world today, but by faith they can he safely anchored to the Rock, Christ Jesus. Editorial Office: 6840 Eastern Avenue, NW. Washington, D.C. "Will your anchor hold in the storm of life, When the clouds unfold their wings of strife? Printed and published monthly for the Min- When the strong tides lift, and the cables strain, isterial Association of Seventh-day Adventists Will your anchor drift, or firm remain?" by the Review and Herald Publishing Associa- tion, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. $4.00 a —PRISCILLA J. OWENS. year; 40c a copy. Add 25c for yearly subscrip- May we be "grounded firm and deep in the Saviour's love!" tions to countries requiring extra postage. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Cover Picture: Henry Boller OCTOBER, 1961 3 The Privilege of Stewardship

TEWARDSHIP in the a broader sense when he speaks of ministers S Christian church has an as "stewards of the mysteries of God" (1 interesting history. Our Lord Cor. 4:1), or "trustees of the secrets of and the apostle Paul both God" (Phillips' translation). And among give it a primary place. Dr. these divine secrets is that of stewardship. George Salstrand, in his arti- An important characteristic of a steward cle "Facing Stewardship Prob- is that he, as a man, be "found faithful" lems," published in Chris- (1 Cor. 4:2). As ministers in God's church tianity Today, July 17, deals with the ques- we are held accountable for the spiritual tion of preaching and promoting this doc- development of His people. But while our trine. The word itself comes from the first responsibility is that of building up Greek oikonomia from which we get our the church spiritually, this growth is defi- English word "economy." The dictionary nitely related to faithfulness in service and gives a number of definitions of this word, even in finance. such as "the orderly arrangement and In last month's MINISTRY we dealt with management of the affairs of a community, the history of tithing. We noticed that not estate or establishment"; "thrifty and care- only the worshipers of the living God but ful administration; management without also the pagan peoples followed the defi- loss or waste; as, a housekeeper accustomed nite principle of tithing for the upkeep of to economy," et cetera. their temple worship. The system of tith- Sometimes the word economy is associ- ing was clearly understood by the early ated with carefulness in expenditure. In Christians, as is evident from the New Tes- any form of stewardship, finance of neces- tament Scriptures as well as from the con- sity has a part. But stewardship is much temporary sources. But like many other broader than financial management and great truths of the gospel, this was trampled economy. Anciently, a steward was con- under unholy feet. And in the place of sys- nected with a king or a noble. Sometimes tematic tithes and offerings came the he was a slave elevated to this important whole black train of corruption, such as position, as was the case with Joseph in the selling of indulgences and relics, as the house of Potiphar. Later he became the well as the introduction of worldly amuse- steward in the house of Pharaoh, and as ments and entertainments—all in the name such was in charge of all the land of Egypt. of religion and all for the support of the Abraham also had a steward named Eliezer church. Against such practices the Reform- into whose hands all the goods of his mas- ers voiced their protests; but even two ter were placed. centuries later there was still much to be In three of our Lord's parables the im- desired in the way of a true system of portance of stewardship is stressed. Each church support. of these has to do largely with the care of With the rise of the Advent Movement household matters. Paul uses the word in came the clear call to come out of Babylon

4 THE MINISTRY and separate from ungodliness. This led the lunch. He is a sincere Christian, and to en- pioneers of our movement to study God's large the spirit of fellowship he had also method for the support of His work. There invited the pastor of his own church—the were numerous discussions. Then in 1859, largest in that city. We were happy to a two-day Bible class was conducted by meet this good man, and our conversation J. N. Andrews, the denomination's "theo- was genial. This influential minister logian," as he was called by James White. seemed eager to discover the way we Ad- This "resulted in the conviction and de- ventists conduct our work; how we are or- cision that the 'tithing system' was still the ganized, et cetera. Then in friendly tone Lord's plan for sustaining the gospel min- he asked, "Brother, what would you say is istry. It was first called 'Systematic Benevo- the secret of the success of your denomina- lence of the Tithing Principle.' "—Mis- tional program?" It was not easy, of course, sionary Magazine, 1901, p. 267. to give a complete answer, but we cau- In that same year (1859) Ellen G. White tiously suggested that it could be the whole- wrote: hearted acceptance by the total member- The plan of systematic benevolence is pleasing ship of the responsibility for the carrying to God. . .. God is leading His people in the plan of of the gospel to all the world. We reminded systematic benevolence, and this is one of the very him that written right into our very name points to which God is bringing up His people is our belief in the imminent return of which will cut the closest with some.—Testimonies, Jesus. And it was the Master who said that vol. 1, pp. 190, 191. when this gospel has been preached to all the world He will come in glory. Our While the complete plan of tithing had friend became thoughtful, then ventured, not been perfected, yet two years later, in "Your church follows the principle of tith- 1861, the messenger of the Lord spoke out ing, does it not?" definitely on this point: "Yes," we replied. "We believe it is God's Some have not come up and united in the plan plan for the support of His work." of systematic benevolence, excusing themselves be- "You teach this not only as an ideal but cause they were not free from debt. They plead as a definite doctrine, do you not?" that they must first "owe no man anything." But "Yes, we do." the fact that they are in debt does not excuse "But how do you get 100 per cent of them. I saw that they should render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that your members to pay tithe?" he asked. are God's. . . . Rob not God by withholding from Him your tithes and offerings. It is the first sacred duty to render to God a suitable proportion. Let no one throw in his claims and lead you to rob God. Your Literary Contributions . . . I saw that in the arrangement of systematic benevolence, hearts will be tested and proved. It is Quite often we receive a manuscript marked "copy a constant, living test.—Ibid., pp. 220, 221. (Italics sent to Review and Herald, Youth's Instructor, or supplied.) Signs." We welcome your literary contribution, but it is practically certain that you will not see it in Fourteen years later, in 1875, she wrote: our columns if you have sent it elsewhere also. Reader's contributions are much appreciated If systematic benevolence were universally in this office, and we suggest the following for adopted according to God's plan, and the tithing your guidance: system carried out as faithfully by the wealthy as it is by the poorer classes, there would be no need I. A general article or a sermon should be from of repeated and urgent calls for means at our large 5 to 8 pages of double-spaced typescript in religious gatherings. There has been a neglect in length. the churches of keeping up the plan of systematic 2. A research article may be about 7 to 9 pages. benevolence, and the result has been an impover- 3. Your quotations or references should be taken ished treasury and a backslidden church. /bid., from original sources as far as possible, giving vol. 3, p. 409. name of author, date of periodical, or page and publisher in the case of books. Inci- For more than one hundred years we as dentally, quotations should be as short and as a people have been advocating the tithing apposite as possible. system as God's method for the support of Readers' opinions on how we may improve our His work. And what manifold blessings journal are as welcome as their manuscripts. If have come to us as a result. you have never contributed to our columns, why We were invited recently by the mayor not seek the satisfaction of saying something in- of one of our southern cities to join him at spiring in writing? H. W. L. OCTOBER, 1961 5 Our reply was somewhat restrained, for to bring their 'tithes into the storehouse.' " we had to admit that not 100 per cent of Slapping his hand heavily on the table, our people actually pay tithe, although we this minister said, "That's it. Your people were happy to emphasize that the major- have learned to sacrifice and put God to ity of them do. the test. Many of my members have never Then he said, "I too believe in the tith- had to make such adjustments; therefore ing principle. I pay tithe myself, and I en- they are unable to exercise their faith." courage my members to follow this divine We came away from that dinner engage- method." One of his members, of course, ment thoughtful, yet happy in the realiza- was the mayor who was seated beside me— tion that we have a faithful people. Perhaps a wealthy contractor and, incidentally, a the reason some are not so faithful as they millionaire. Turning to him the pastor should be is that they have never known said, "Joe, you believe in tithing, don't the joy of putting God to the test. As stew- you?" ards in God's household, the Lord calls "Yes," he said, "and I know the Lord upon us ministers to lift our congregations blesses me because I follow this plan. If into a higher experience in sacred things. all our members were faithful in this, what When they are encouraged to bring all the a blessing it would be for the church and tithes into the storehouse, it is then that its program." God opens the windows of heaven. David It was heartening to find a man of wealth spoke a truth when he said, "All things rejoicing in the privilege of tithing. Then come of thee, and of thine own have we referring to the fact that not all were faith- given thee" (1 Chron. 29:14). ful, we inquired concerning what propor- The overseer of the flock of God should faithfully tion of the membership adhered to the discharge his duty. If he takes the position that be- plan. "Not more than 20 per cent," was cause this is not pleasant to him, he will leave it his regretful reply. Then he added, "I for someone else to do, he is not a faithful worker. would like to know how you encourage Let him read in Malachi the words of the Lord your people to be faithful in this, for I'm charging the people with robbery toward God in sure it means a great blessing to them. I withholding the tithes. The mighty God declares: don't seem to be able to impress all my "Ye are cursed with a curse." Malachi 3:9. When people with its importance. Many say they the one who ministers in word and doctrine sees cannot afford to pay tithe." the people pursuing a course that will bring this curse upon them, how can he neglect his duty to This gave us an opportunity to unfold give them instruction and warning? Every church the principle of sacrifice. "Could this be a member should be taught to be faithful in paying reason," we said? "Those who come into an honest tithe.—Ibid., vol. 9, pp. 250, 251. our faith have usually had to make sub- A very plain, definite message has been given to stantial adjustments in their lives. In order me for our people. I am bidden to tell them that to obey the Lord in respect to the Sabbath, they are making a mistake in applying the tithe to for example, in many instances they have various objects which, though good in themselves, lost their employment. No man will sacri- are not the object to which the Lord has said that fice his job, especially in times of depres- the tithe should be applied. Those who make this use of the tithe are departing from the Lord's ar- sion, without a good deal of thought and rangement. God will judge for these things.—Ibid., prayer. But to be true to conscience, folks p. 248. who join our church have to make real sacrifices. But they discover that God is as In presenting these things to our good as His word and that all temporal churches, let us remember that the chief needs are supplied, and so, after further in- aim of a good steward is to bring glory to struction concerning the tithe and the his absent Lord. Someday each will be blessings of faithful stewardship, they nat- called to give an account of his steward- urally recognize it as a privilege to go into ship (Luke 16:2). To some the Lord will partnership, as it were, with God. They say, "Well done, thou good and faithful take the Lord at His word and are happy servant." The steward is responsible for

MUSIC

Not without design does God write the music of our lives. Be it ours to learn the time, and not be discouraged at the rests.—John Ruskin. 6 THE MINISTRY the management of resources that are his those brought up in the Advent message. master's, not his own. As ministers we Because of that, they sometimes look upon should take the lead in sacrificing for the the tithe as a tremendous sacrifice, forget- interests of God's cause, and the tithe is ting that all we have is really not ours but surely the minimum standard for Christian the Lord's. Everything we possess in this giving. We have noted for years that those life and all we shall inherit in the life to who lack faithfulness in returning to God come is a gift from Him who loved us and tithes and offerings are not those newly gave Himself for us. Therefore let us urge come to the faith, but usually those who our members to be faithful in their stew- have not had to really put God to the test ardship. in the adjustment of a life program; often R. A. ANDERSON

The Minister and Culture GODFREY T. ANDERSON President, Loma Linda University

Dr. Samuel H. Miller, dean of the Har- HE minister is expected to vard Divinity School, speaks of the same Tbe many things to many problem. This Baptist minister says: "One men. Among these many of the tragedies of our time is that the min- things, he is expected to be a ister is both overworked and unemployed; person of good taste and an overworked in a multitude of tasks that do exponent of the humane and not have the slightest connection with re- the beautiful. He must be this ligion, and unemployed in the serious con- in spite of handicaps, not the cerns and exacting labors of maintaining a least of which may have been an education disciplined spiritual life among mature that was vocational rather than liberal. men and women. It is a scandal of modern And since leaving college he probably has Protestantism that young men called to the had to contend with a crowded daily pro- high venture of the Christian way . . . are gram. graduated into churches where the magni- The word macerate is sometimes used in tude of their vocation is macerated . . . by connection with the minister's work and the pressure of the petty practices of so- life. To macerate means, among other called parish progress." things, "to chop into small pieces," and it "Today's minister," warned Dr. Miller, is used quite fittingly in describing the "must be sure his mind is sharpened to its busy program of the minister. In the Chris- utmost, lest he blunder about the world tian Century some months ago Joseph Sitt- with a rough and stupid carelessness, hop- ler wrote on "The Maceration of the Min- ing that he might hit upon the will of God ister." In this article he said that many min- merely because of his good intentions." isters have a sense of vocational guilt, and that they have become prisoners of an ac- 0. Henry once wrote a story called "The credited mediocrity. He says to visit the Third Ingredient." In this he proposed man some years after he has left school "in the idea that though meat and potatoes what he still calls inexactly his 'study,' and make an adequate stew, it is the addition one is more than likely to find him ac- of onions, the third ingredient, that makes companied by the same volumes he took the stew a success. So in the making of a with him from his student room. And filed minister, devotion and training make a on top of these are mementos of what he is useful worker, but the addition of culture presently concerned with: a roll of blue- makes an outstanding one. prints, . . . samples of asphalt tile and a Dr. Ashley Montagu has given a picture plumber's estimate." of the qualities of a cultured person. He In Time magazine of October 12, 1959, says: Certainly human beings are born with a capacity *A talk given at Potomac University, now Andrews for culture, but unless they receive training in it University. OCTOBER, 1961 7 IN

If the Heart Is Right van Dyke simplifies the definition by saying that culture is the habit of being pleased It doesn't so much matter with the best, and knowing why. If one has What path our feet may tread, Or whether the cheering hopes we knew been born and reared in an atmosphere of In youth are vanished—dead. culture, he will respond instinctively to the We shall find a gleam in the darkness best. Comparatively few persons, however, To guide in the dreary night, have had the opportunity of growing up And a joyful song as we journey along, surrounded by the best in art and litera- If we go with a heart that's right. ture and music. Good taste in these areas is We sip from the cup of sweetness not a natural but an acquired taste. And then the bitter gall; To those who understand and love the Blossoms and friends are swept away, best, the trivial and cheap, the sentimental Dreams are forgotten—all. and banal, are offensive. Since the largest And you have known the tugging part of a minister's work consists of pre- That comes to the heartstrings tight, senting God's Word both to his own con- Known of the balm, the peace, and the calm gregation and to nonmembers of the That comes from a heart that's right. church, it is vital that he do this in a way The thorns that beset the causeway that will not prejudice his hearers against May fester and wound the feet; his message. It is a tragedy that many, after The cup you drink may end with gall, a casual contact with some phase of our Drowning the cherished sweet; work, downgrade us in their minds as cul- But the nectar for which you hunger, turally illiterate because of the music we The roses that suffered blight, use, the art we display in our posters or Will be yours to taste and smell again If you go with a heart that's right. buildings, and the triteness of the talks or —Selected sermons they hear. They do not look be- yond our occasional cultural gaucheries to the profound truths we profess. they do not become cultured. . . . The humanely Some years ago the dean of a university oriented mind, sensitive to beauty and the problems school of music went to one of our sani- of being human, refined in thought, in speech, and in manner, finely and dispassionately able to ex- tariums for medical care. He was very amine, analyze, and evaluate whatever impinges much impressed with the Christian atmos- upon it, this is the mind of the cultured man. With- phere, with the good medical service, and out the ability to think soundly a man cannot be with the spirit and sincerity of the nurses called truly cultured. Nor could he be so called and other workers he met. Then he heard without those characteristically humane and aes- the nurses singing in worship a popular thetic sensibilities which, together with the ca- gospel song. Later he talked with a friend, pacity to think soundly, render him a cultured an Adventist, and said, "How can your man. people, who are so fine in so many ways, The cultured man is free of prejudices. He does not indulge in prejudgment. He does not believe in use such offensive music! The rhythm is the process of supporting emotional judgments waltz time, the words are secular, love- with handy reasons. . . He does not believe that song words; it is the farthest cry from what truth is determined by a show of hands. church or religious music should be. Yet The cultured man is an encourager of the unique your otherwise fine people use it." In spite in personality, the idiosyncratic and the eccentric of his interest in our church, he felt that appeal to him. . . . [He is} tolerant of fools even our cultural standards were too low for him though he is unwilling to suffer them gladly. He to be interested in our message. knows that "He who would love his fellow men There are many others who feel the same Must not expect too much of them." way. It is difficult for them to realize that He knows that compassionate understanding and a truly high standard of religion can be sympathy is the approach of the humane, while associated with a low standard of culture. blame and censoriousness is the approach of the in- As workers in the church we have a respon- sufficiently humane. He is a person who, having sibility for raising the cultural level of our had loving order made in himself, makes loving sermons, our music, our art, and our archi- order in the world. Such is the cultured man.— tecture. The Cultured Man. Perhaps our education has been defi- Webster defines culture as the enlighten- cient in this regard. NVe may have taken ment and refinement of taste, acquired by a specialized course in which the human- intellectual and aesthetic training. Henry ities and fine arts were neglected. Or we

8 THE MINISTRY may have had to spend so much time in painting in a few vivid words the picture work that we missed the cultural oppor- of a shepherd leading his flock in dry, bar- tunities that others had. Or perhaps our ren country, unconcerned with their hun- college did not offer adequate liberal arts ger. And John Donne wrote, even more programs or emphasize the cultural courses bitingly, "The infirmity of the preacher we should have had. If so, an extra effort is diminisheth the Word." He was deploring needed on our part to make up for these the smothering of the vivid, burning truths deficiencies now. of God's Word under the listless, lifeless How does one come to recognize the presentation of careless ministers. first-rate? There is only one way—by be- (To be continued) coming familiar with it. We learn the qual- ities of great music by hearing it, and the qualities of great art by seeing it. It is the same in other fields as well. To develop the faculty of discrimination one must be willing to be bored with the best until it becomes a delight, and then the inferior Stephen S. Hiten will become boring. Money will not pur- Professor of Speech, Columbia Union College chase this gift for you. It must be bought with hours of effort, and eagerness to learn, Dr. Schweitzer of Lambarene, Norman Cousins. and humility before the judgment of ex- Harper and Brothers, New York, 1960. perts who hold the key to this difficult yet Norman Cousins, the editor of Saturday Review attainable world of true appreciation. and one of America's greatest champions for "cul- Our reading habits have a direct bear- tural freedom and for sanity and morality in public ing on our level of culture. In regard to affairs," describes in this his latest book a visit he the minister's reading, Dr. D. Elton True- had with Dr. Albert Schweitzer in 1958. Here is blood, the eminent Quaker minister and an intimate word portrait of this great man, his educator has this to say: thinking concerning some great and pressing world A minister's library is a pitiless revelation of his problems, and his plans regarding the completion mind and of his usefulness. Spend two hours alone and publication of two books titled Philosophy of with his books and you know a great deal about a Civilization and The Kingdom of God. The schol- man. Which books are well worn? What types pre- arly world eagerly awaits these works. Cousins at- tempts to convey dominate? Are the books marked with his own some idea of the burden Schweit- comments in the margins, showing that he has zer has taken upon himself—and why he chose read them thoughtfully and creatively? Some min- to do it. isters lean largely to books of sermons, and these That Immortal Sea, Leslie D. Weatherhead. Abing- are nearly always second or third-rate men! . . . don Press, New York, 1953. Even more damaging than the book of sermons is the book of anecdotes. If all of them could be This devotional work, written for the layman to burned, we might experience a great advance in help chase away his doubts and answer his prob- the prophetic ministry. Stories undoubtedly have a lems with clear, convincing logic, is replete with place in the effective presentation of ideas, the illustrations taken from the rich ministry and practice of Christ being sufficient to make this experience of Dr. Weatherhead, who has been the clear, but there is a world of difference between pastor of the City Temple, Spurgeon's church, stories we meet in common life or general reading since 1936. He has a rare insight into man's psycho. and those which are deliberately sought out as an logical and spiritual problems and writes in a adornment, . . . The hearer can almost see the clear and colorful style. Ministers are well advised preacher on Saturday night, needing desperately to read more of Weatherhead. an illustration, looking in the section on Work or Loyalty or Peace. Men who cannot find good Jesus of Nazareth, Gunther Bornkamm. Harper preaching material without such devices might be and Brothers, New York. better occupied in some other vocation.—Rmx- "This book is intended to inform not only pro- ARD J. SPANN, The Ministry, pp. 174-176. fessional theologians on such questions, uncertain- These are strong words, but worthy, I ties, and findings of historical research but also think, of our serious consideration. the laymen who wish, so far as possible, to arrive at a historical understanding of the tradition about Some great religious writers of the past Jesus and are not content with edifying or ro- have been concerned with the feeble pres- mantic portrayals." Thus the author delineates entation of God's Word by ineffectual min- his work. This is not easy reading, but it is stimu- isters. John Milton wrote in Lycidas: "The lating and rewarding. The minister will find many hungry sheep look up, and are not fed," fresh ideas to incorporate in his sermons. OCTOBER, 1961 9 Tithing in the New Testament C. G. TULAND Pastor, Illinois Conference

TILT THE past, Seventh-day for the poor. The few references in the Adventists have been se- New Testament with regard to the support verely criticized for stressing of the ministry make no mention of the the obligation of paying of tithe. However, the texts are clear enough tithe by their church mem- to destroy the notions of some people who bers. This attitude, however, deny the institution of a "professional" has more recently changed, ministry in the New Testament as well as and a number of other de- their right to an adequate material com- nominations or individual churches have pensation by the church. This is often done accepted this system, which we call system- by quoting 2 Corinthians 11:7 (R.S.V.) atic benevolence. We have to clarify the where Paul says: "Did I commit a sin in problem of whether paying of tithe is re- abasing myself so that you may be exalted, quired in the New Testament. From the pen because I preached God's gospel without of Ellen G. White we read: "The New Tes- cost to you?" Such persons fail to read the tament does not re-enact the law of the tithe, eighth verse in which the apostle states: "I as it does not that of the Sabbath; for the robbed other churches by accepting sup- validity of both is assumed, and their deep port ["wages," K.J.V.] from them in order spiritual import explained."—Counsels on to serve you." That Paul up to that time Stewardship, p. 66. Accordingly, we face two was indebted to at least one church— problems: first, there is apparently no direct though he mentions churches—is evident command in the New Testament regarding from Philippians 4:15. That church had tithe paying, and, second, we seemingly ar- supported him financially, but it still was rive at our position by a method of deduc- on a voluntary basis, a Christian partner- tions and conclusions from Old Testament ship. Beyond these texts Paul discusses the principles. Such reasoning might not appear support of the Christian ministry in 1 Co- to be strong enough to enjoin an obligation rinthians 9:13, 14. There he refers to nat- upon New Testament believers. Further- ural law, to the order of the Old Testament, more, the tithing system in the Old Testa- and the Temple service. Then he con- ment differed considerably from the one cludes: "In the same way, the Lord com- followed by this denomination (cf. THE manded that those who proclaim the gospel MINISTRY, September, 1958, pp. 42, 43). should get their living by the gospel" These considerations will justify an in- (R.S.V.). It appears that these conclusions vestigation of this topic in the light of are very definite, for they are not only New Testament scriptures. based on the ordinances of the Old Testa- The one and only reference to tithing by ment for comparison but they end by say- our Lord is found in Matthew 23:23, where ing that the Lord commanded that the Christ endorsed it as a part of religious ministers should get their living by the duty. However, the affirmation of the prac- gospel, meaning, from the churches. As tice concerns primarily the Jews to whom concrete as this affirmation of the apostle He directed Himself. is, it still could be interpreted on the basis The objectives of tithing in the Old of voluntary contributions, not fixed in Testament were clearly defined: the first amount or per capita, but not as a com- tithe for the maintenance of the priest- mand to pay tithe. Our question, there- hood and the Levites, the second to enable fore, is whether there is any further scrip- the individual to participate in the annual tural evidence that either establishes or religious feasts in Jerusalem, and the third supports the principle of tithe paying in the New Testament. The Epistle to the Hebrews offers a con- Pastor Tuland has had long experience in several overseas divisions and has recently published articles in learned jour- cise and complete comparison between the nals such as The Journal of Biblical Literature and Exegesis, services and rituals of the Old Testament and The Journal of Near Eastern Studies of the University of Chicago. and their fulfillment in the ministry of 10 THE MINISTRY Christ. Probably intended to prepare the tain religious terminology. When, there- Jewish-Christian believers for the shock fore, the text states concerning the man that would come to them through the de- Melchizedek that "he is without father or struction of Jerusalem, the Temple and its mother or genealogy, and has neither be- services, together with the cessation of ginning of days nor end of life" (R.S.V.), priesthood and sacrifice in A.D. 70, the it is obvious that something different than apostle expounds the true meaning of the natural relationship is intended. Every Is- Old Testament services. And by transfer- raelite was most concerned about his gene- ring the ministration from the passing alogy. It was important for several reasons, glory of the Temple in Jerusalem to the but especially in questions of inheritance. everlasting one of the heavenly sanctuary, Not to have a father simply meant not to he made the light of the new covenant have an Israelite father (see John 8:39-41; shine forth. Ezra 2:59). When someone claimed the Step by step the different items are com- priesthood similar reasoning might be used pared, indicating that in every instance the in tracing the genealogy. The meaning of fulfillment exceeded by far the service of our text, therefore, would be "[Melchize- the shadow of the Old Testament; a better dek] is without a [priestly] father, or a promise, a better covenant, a better blood, [priestly] mother or a [priestly] geneal- a better hope, a better sanctuary. At this ogy." But in spite of these facts he still was point the apostle had to explain the ques- a priest recognized by God. This is the tion of the New Testament priesthood. point of comparison: as Melchizedek, so Could there be any better than that of Jesus, for He, too, had no priestly father, Aaron? And, who is the high priest of the no priestly mother, and no priestly geneal- New Testament? In the seventh chapter of ogy, for "our Lord was descended from Hebrews this problem is solved. The an- Judah, and in connection with that tribe swer is that God had provided for a better Moses said nothing about priests" (Heb. priesthood, and in order to change the 7:14, R.S.V.). The apostle had made his priesthood, He also had to change the law point: it is nothing new that there were which determined that only those of the priests outside of the Aaronitic and even tribe of Levi and of the family of Aaron before the Aaronitic priesthood. could serve in the sanctuary (Heb. 7:12). His next task was to demonstrate the It is also stated that such a change was by superiority of that priesthood over the no means an invention of the followers of Aaronitic priesthood. This is done through Christ, but was based on two important reference to several factors as, for instance, factors: one, a well-known historical inci- spiritual merits against carnal descent, and dent, and two, a promise and solemn oath the oath of God. But the apostle wanted by God (Gen. 14:17-20; Ps. 110:4). Accord- to establish his arguments through more ing to this promise the priesthood of the than his interpretation of Psalm 110:4. man who met their father Abraham and who was greater than he, would be an eternal priesthood that was not established on the basis of carnal descent but on spir- itual merit. Thus, the story and relation- ship of Melchizedek to Jesus Christ is the topic of Hebrews, chapter seven. Accord- ingly, Melchizedek was king of Salem and also a priest of the most high God. And while he is a king of righteousness and a king of peace, he also bears the priestly office. What now follows in the third verse has been a topic for many discussions and manifold interpretations. The one fol- lowed by the writer is accepted by many conservative scholars. In order to under- stand the language of the apostle one has to bear in mind that he directed himself to a group of people accustomed to a cer- OCTOBER, 1961 11 Thus, he quotes an incident from the To- the perpetuity of Melchizedek's priest- rah, the inspired instruction from God. hood: "Here [under the priesthood of What happened when Abraham our father, Aaron] tithes are received by mortal men; met Melchizedek, the priest he had just there [under the priesthood of Melchize- spoken about? Abraham paid tithe to Mel- dek], by one of whom it is testified that he chizedek and was, in turn, blessed by that lives" (Heb. 7:8, R.S.V.). And inasmuch God-appointed priest. With this he con- as this priesthood is perpetuated in our cludes: "It is beyond dispute that the Lord, so we understand that it is the eter- inferior [Abraham] is blessed by the supe- nal Christ who receives these tithes as long rior [Melchizedek]" (Heb. 7:7, R.S.V.) as His priesthood endures. thus establishing that Christ's priesthood It will be appropriate at this point to is greater than that of Aaron. clarify the last part of Hebrews 7:3: "and With these preliminaries settled, we re- has neither beginning of days nor end of turn to the subject of tithing in the New life" (R.S.V.). It is obvious that this refer- Testament. The superiority of Melchize- ence to Melchizedek does not infer his im- dek's priesthood has been established—but mortality, for otherwise he would still be on what grounds? "See how great he [Mel- living. It simply means that just as there chizedek] is! Abraham the patriarch gave was no record indicating a priestly descent, him a tithe of the spoils" (Heb. 7:4, likewise neither the date of his birth nor R.S.V.). The significant argument, there- the time of his death was recorded. The fore, is the payment of tithe by Abraham emphasis is on the perpetuity of his priest- to Melchizedek, a material substance serv- hood and its functions. If Christ would ing as confirmation of a spiritual truth that not have come, the priesthood of Melchize- not only recognizes Melchizedek as priest dek would have ended with his death. It is of an order superior to that of Aaron but only through Christ that this priesthood also that in this priestly order tithing was became eternal and Melchizedek's office an accepted institution. This point is and its institutions live through Him: King stressed from different angles by the apos- of rightousness, King of peace, Priest of tle in verses 5 to 10. The one of greatest the Most High God. That such is the cor- interest to us is the perpetuity of tithing in rect conclusion is evident from Hebrews 7:24: "But this man [Jesus], because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable A Sixth-Generation Adventist priesthood." It is the immortality of Christ and the perpetuity of Christ's priesthood "I now baptize you in the name of the Father, as well as His eternal kingship by which the Son, and the Holy Ghost"—with these words the hope of all believers will be fulfilled. Ellowyn Oster was baptized into the Seventh-day Adventist Church on the beautiful campus of The writer of the Epistle to the Hebrews Middle East College, Beirut, Lebanon, June 3, 1961. had carefully developed the significance of It was not so much the baptism that was re- the Old Testament prototypes and demon- markable as the fact that Ellowyn is a member of strated that the institutions of the Temple the sixth generation to be received into church service found their fulfillment in the per- fellowship. Her father, Elder Kenneth Oster, is fect ministry of Christ. In doing so he had head of the Bible department at Middle East Col- to prove that Christ was not only the high lege; her grandfather, Elder Frank Oster, was a priest of the New Testament but also that pioneer missionary to Persia, beginning the work there in 1911; her great-grandfather, W. B. White, His priesthood was far superior to that of helped to organize the North Pacific Union Con- Aaron. The historical incident which he ference; and her great-great-great-grandfather was used to prove his point—besides the refer- John Byington, first president of the General Con- ence to God's promise—was the encounter ference. of Abraham with Melchizedek, the proto- Ellowyn is not the only sixth-generation Advent- type of Christ. And as Abraham paid tithe ist in her family; her older brother Donald is also to a priest superior to that of the Jews, so baptized. But one wonders how many other sixth- all who accept Christ as their high priest generation Adventists exist in the world church. should give tithe to Christ, for He is the Ellowyn is certainly fortunate to be able to trace her genealogy back to the first General Conference one "of whom it is testified that he lives." president. The seventh chapter of Hebrews seems to G. ARTHUR KEOUGH furnish sufficient evidence for establishing Public Affairs Secretary the tithing system as a part of New Testa- Middle East Division ment teaching. 12 THE MINISTRY The New English Bible: A Preliminary Critique A. P. SALOM Bible Department. Australasian Missionary College

URING recent years, par- Britain and Ireland, the Church of Eng- D ticularly since World land, the Church of Scotland, the Con- War II, there has grown up gregational Union of England and Wales, in the mind of the Bible- et cetera) were associated in the produc- reading public a feeling of tion of the translation, the Joint Committee dissatisfaction with the old is at pains to point out that the translation translations of the Bible. The is not an expression of any denominational language of the King James or doctrinal leaning. Version, majestic and beautiful as it is, has The Text of the Translation caused increasing difficulty to the present generation. To the modern mind the style The translators did not choose one con- and language of the Elizabethan period is tinuous Greek text (e.g., Westcott and hard to grasp and rather remote from the Hort, Nestle, et cetera) as the basis for space age. This, of course, is not a new their translation, but rather, as is the cus- situation. It is a continuing situation, be- tom today, they based their work on an cause language is ever changing. The King eclectic Greek text. That is, variant read- James translators were dissatisfied with the ings in the Greek text were considered on translations of their day, and for the same their merits, and after the manuscript evi- reason we will continue to witness new dence had been examined, the reading was translations of the Scriptures until the Lord selected which seemed most likely to repre- comes. sent what the Bible author wrote. This The appearance, then, of a major Bible method of selecting a text is the one com- translation is always of interest to the Chris- monly practiced today (e.g., by the R.S.V. tian world. When that translation is re- translators), because textual scholars do leased simultaneously in a number of not consider that the time has yet come to places in the world in an edition number- construct a single critical text. While new ing nearly one million copies, it is sure to material is constantly coming to light, the capture its fair share of interest and con- situation in textual criticism remains in troversy for some time to come. The New flux. Testament section of The New English Aims of the Translators Bible (N.E.B.), published on March 14, Perhaps the most important single fact gives every sign of fulfilling this prediction. about this translation is that it is not a re- Sponsors of the Translation vision as were the English Revised Version (1885), the American Standard Version This new translation is the work of schol- (1901), and the Revised Standard Version ars drawn from the major Protestant (1952), but it is an entirely new transla- churches of Great Britain. In 1947 a Joint tion. In the words of the translators them- Committee of these churches was charged selves, "What was now needed was not an- with the work of producing a new transla- other revision of the Authorized Version tion of the entire Bible. The actual work of but a genuinely new translation, in which translation was entrusted to four panels an attempt should be made consistently to that dealt respectively with the Old Testa- use the idiom of contemporary English to ment, the New Testament, the Apocrypha, convey the meaning of the Greek." (All and the literary revision of the whole. quotations are from the Introduction to the The portion recently released is limited to N.E.B.) This fact in itself is of greatest im- the New Testament, but work is continuing portance, for it means that this translation on the Old Testament and the Apocrypha, breaks the great line of major translations, which will be published in due time. which began with Tyndale and passed Though a number of Protestant church through Matthew's Bible, the Great Bible, bodies (e.g., the Baptist Union of Great the Bishops' Bible, the King James Ver-

OCTOBER, 1961 13 sion, to the English and American Revi- fended themselves against the idea that sions of the nineteenth and twentieth cen- they have produced a paraphrase. But turies. It will also mean that the reader of their definition of a true translation is wide this translation can expect to find transla- enough to include what others would term tions that differ greatly from those to which a paraphrase. They claim that theirs is a he is accustomed. translation "free, it may be, rather than More important still, however, is the at- literal, but a faithful translation neverthe- titude the translators have taken to their less, so far as we could compass it." Only work of translating. Their conception of by detailed study of large sections of the the work of translation is quite removed translation would it be possible to deter- from that of their predecessors. This is well mine to what extent the translators have illustrated by a comparison of Matthew allowed interpretation to creep in. This 25:26 in the K.J.V., the R.S.V., and the work will no doubt be taken up by many N.E.B. ("Thou wicked and slothful serv- as the translation becomes better known. ant," K.J.V.; "You wicked and slothful For the present, it will be of interest to servant!" R.S.V.; "You lazy rascal!" consider the translation at specific points N.E.B.) The older translators considered and assess its value at those places. This that faithfulness to the original meant may give some pointers to what a more ex- that they should reproduce the character- tensive study will reveal. A passage from istics of the original in the translation. the Pauline writings, chosen at random, This meant sometimes the production of will be used to discuss the translation of a an un-English or stilted translation. The typical portion of Paul's didactic writings. translators of the N.E.B. have not felt this Passages of special interest to Adventist restraint. "We have conceived our task to doctrine will also be discussed. be that of understanding the original as precisely as we could (using all available Examination of the Translation aids), and then saying again in our own 1 Corinthians 2:10-16 was selected as a native idiom what we believed the author typical Pauline passage for closer examina- to be saying in his." This method lays a tion in the new translation. It should be heavier burden on the translators, but noticed at the outset that the N.E.B. in- should it be successfully accomplished, terprets verse 10 as being closely connected there is no doubt that the resultant product with the quotation in the previous verse would be a wonderful advance in Bible and inserts the phrase "these it is that" to translation. However, the question must al- make this connection obvious. It is not at ways be raised (and this will be the point all certain in the Greek that the connec- at which controversy will rage over this tion between the two verses is as close as new translation) as to what extent the in- this. Rather, there is evidence of the be- terpretation of the translators has entered ginning of a new sub-thought at verse 10 into their product. This question, of (indicated by the use of gar, which looks course, must be asked of all translations, forward to what follows in the succeeding for it is true that all translations are to a verses), and to bathe tozz Theou (verse 10) greater or lesser degree interpretations. is translated "the depths of God's own na- But it is also true that the more liberal the ture." The Greek is literally "the deep translator is with the text, the freer the things [or "depths"] of God." Now, it is translation, the greater the degree of inter- possible, perhaps even very likely, that pretation that enters into the product. God's nature is referred to, but the Greek Herein lies the danger of the paraphrase, does not indicate that this must necessarily and in many places it must be charged that be so. It could quite well be "the depths of the N.E.B. is more paraphrase than strict God's mind" or "the depths of God's translation. thoughts." Under such circumstances, Perhaps anticipating this charge, the when the Greek is open to interpretation, translators in their introduction have de- it is far better translation practice to leave GOD

4T This is one of the names which we give to that eternal, infinite, and incomprehensible being, the Creator of all things, who preserves and governs everything by His almighty power and wisdom, and who is the only object of our worship.—Cruden.

14 THE MINISTRY ure Art Faun ?lee ee,fte, Address your request to: DIRECTOR of HEALTH EDUCATION Division of Public Health and Tropical Medicine on the Loma Linda University LOCAL CHURCH LEVEL Loma Linda, California

the translation open to interpretation with spiritual things"; "interpreting spir- (e.g., "the depths of God") rather than itual things to spiritual men," et cetera), for the translator to make the interpreta- but the translation of the N.E.B. is not a tion himself. The N.E.B. translators, how- legitimate translation of the Greek. A sim- ever, have adopted the principle of making ilar translation is made at verse 15, "a man the interpretation in such cases. Because gifted with the Spirit." This entirely misses of this, they have often invaded the field of the point in Paul's discussion. The Greek the commentator. word pneumatos here means a "spiritual" In verse 11 the following phrase appears: man, one who is the opposite of psuchikos ta tou anthropou (K.J.V., "the things of a ("unspiritual," "carnal") in verse 14. The man"). This is translated "what a man is." emphasis is not on the man who has the This is an interpretation that unjustifiably gifts of the Spirit but on the man who is narrows down the meaning of the Greek. spiritual. Later in the same verse ta tou Theou is At a number of places in this passage the translated in the same way ("what God N.E.B. loses the impact of the original by is"). But in verse 14 ta tou Pneumatos is inverting a phrase. This is particularly true translated "what belongs to the Spirit." where negatives are involved. In verse 1lb This latter translation could also have the Greek reads, "No one knows the things been applied to each of the phrases in that pertain to God except the Spirit of verse 11. It is true that the translators have God." The N.E.B. translates, "Only the adopted the wise principle of not attempt- Spirit of God knows what God is." The ef- ing to render the same Greek word (or fect of the negative in the Greek is par- phrase) everywhere by the same English ticularly strong because it is stated before word (or phrase), but this principle can the exception. The English can likewise be carried to excess. emphasize the same point in the same man- The N.E.B. translates verse 12b, "so that ner. (See also verses 12a and 13.) we may know all that God of his own The paraphrastic nature of the N.E.B. grace gives us." This translation is mislead- is well illustrated by the following exam- ing and interpretative. A closer translation ples where insertions that find no author- of the Greek would be "in order that we ity in the words of the original text have may know the things which are graciously been made in the translation. (In each given to us by God." The emphasis is on case the inserted words are italicized here, the act and manner of the giving, not on although not in the N.E.B.) 1 Thessalo- the object that is given. The paraphrastic nians 4:13, "those who sleep in death"; translation at this point has changed com- Revelation 1:4, "in the province of Asia"; pletely Paul's basic idea. Another case of Colossians 1:22, "in his body of flesh and a paraphrastic translation that results in blood"; Matthew 18:10, Acts 12:15, "guard- a changed meaning of the text is to be ian angel"; Revelation 1:5, "his life's seen in verse 13a, "interpreting spiritual blood." In other cases the literal rendering truths to those who have the Spirit." The is supplanted by a paraphrasis. "Saints" Greek of this passage could provide several become "God's people" (Colossians 1:2, et translations ("comparing spiritual things cetera), "beloved" becomes "dear friends" OCTOBER, 1961 15 (1 John 4:7), the parable of the "talents" (1 Thess. 2:6) ; "they all left me in the becomes the parable of "bags of gold" lurch" (2 Tim. 4:16). (Matt. 25:14-30). Of interest are the translations given to There is a strange mixture in renderings some of the passages that vitally concern between stilted, even archaic, expressions Adventist doctrine. In both Revelation 12: at places while at other places there are 17 and 19:10 the translators have inter- translations that border on slang. Exam- preted Iresou as an objective genitive ("tes- ples of the former group are the follow- timony to Jesus") rather than a subjective ing: "believers incorporate in Christ Jesus" genitive ("testimony of Jesus"). The trans- (Eph. 1:1); "the full tale of Christ's afflic- lation of Revelation 19:10 is an extreme tions" (Col. 1:24); "one of those who bore example of the extent to which the trans- us company" (Acts 1:21). At the other lators have indulged in paraphrase and in- extreme are such expressions as the fol- terpretation, "Those who bear testimony lowing: "you can take it from me" (Gal. to Jesus are inspired like prophets." Even 5:3); "we might have made our weight felt" (Continued on page 33)

The Problem of Retirement JAMES J. SHORT, M.D.

[Our recent correspondence on retirement problems has vigorous, who has spent forty-five years in brought this reply from a respected doctor. The author has served this cause in various capacities, including a staff foreign mission service. He is now facing appointment at the College of Medical Evangelists. At an age when men might normally plan on retirement, Dr. retirement and trying to plan his future. Short undertook a term of service in Korea. This was He told of his last furlough, a part of which eminently successful to the mission board and gave satisfac- tion to the good doctor. We publish this short article as was spent at one of our major colleges. another contribution to the discussion of retirement prob- There he was given a Sabbath school class lems.—Ens.) to teach and was the envy of many retired WONDER whether suffi- ministers who attended the same church, I cient thought and study because he had been assigned this relatively have been given to the re- minor responsibility! He hopes to go to tired ministers and other de- some virgin territory when he retires from nominational workers who denominational service and raise up a because of age or some phys- church. ical infirmities have been re- These few cases point up the question I tired from active duty. From wish to emphasize. Is sufficient considera- observation and from conversations with a tion being given to this group of retired number of such former workers it seems to persons either as individuals or as a reser- me that our denomination is suffering a voir of power in denominational service? great loss by failing to utilize the experi- If not, are not they and the cause both ence and energies still remaining in a very losers? These men have been accustomed dedicated group. to long hours and strenuous programs. The attitudes of many, I believe, can They do not wish a complete cessation of best be expressed by three ministers—two activity but merely a change of pace. They retired and one about to be—who have car- are not ready to spend all their time read- ried heavy responsibilities in denomina- ing or puttering about the house and gar- tional service. They came to my home to dis- den. Many have active minds and good cuss a certain publishing project. voices, a few have facile pens and can do "We have health, energy, and experi- original writing or editorial work, some ence," said they, "and we have a retirement have the gift of raising money for churches income. Whatever contribution we can or other projects, and all have something make to the cause would cost the denomina- only a busy life in service can give—expe- tion virtually nothing. We want to con- rience. Why can't they be utilized? They tinue to work as long as the Lord gives us need the work, but what is more important, strength." To me they seemed a bit forlorn. the work needs them. With several Another case is that of a man, fit and churches often being shepherded by one 16 THE MINISTRY minister—usually a young man in his form- Taylor Grant Bunch recently had such a ative years—are we seeing a great waste of privilege. He returned to hold a series of meet- resources by failing to use this older re- ings in that same church, now enlarged, and to tired group? speak at Sabbath commemorative services. I realize that what I am suggesting is be- Pastor Bunch's fifty-one years in the ministry ing done to a degree. Some ministers well have been about equally divided among four up in years but in good health are acting lines of endeavor—pastoral, evangelistic, teach- as substitute pastors for those on leave of ing, and executive. His pastorates have included absence for study or vacation. Others do a North Seattle, Portland Central, Portland little preaching here and there as occasion Sunnyside (built under his direction), New permits. But is it a well-organized, planned Orleans, College View, Battle Creek Tabernacle, program? South Lancaster, and Sligo at Takoma Park, Why not keep a perpetual inventory or Washington, D.C. roster of these men and women, a sort of Besides evangelistic work in several local "reserve corps" of workers, properly card- conferences, he was union evangelist of the indexed, with location, annual-fitness re- North Pacific Union and later of the Southern ports, records of abilities and preferences— Union. Elder Bunch's teaching experience in- a placement agency? If a need arises, the cluded six years at Loma Linda College of Medi- right man for the place might easily be cal Evangelists; five years in the Bible depart- found available. I believe the response of ment of Atlantic Union College, and a period the retired group would be enthusiastic. at Andrews University when it was in Washing- Besides, in addition to the relatively few ton, D.C. He was president of the Southern who are or have been in denominational Oregon Conference, the Southern Idaho Con- service, there are scores of physicians in ference, and the Michigan Conference. Pastor private work who are reaching retirement age, whatever that may be. Their children are grown and educated, they have made provision for old age, and they have a mis- sionary zeal. Cannot such be organized into a medical reserve corps for periods of duty in various parts of the world? If Seventh- day Adventist physicians were canvassed, I believe many would respond to such a de- nominational program. Some have ren- dered acceptable service after reaching re- tirement or nearing retirement age. Cannot a plan be devised whereby many others may have a similar experience? A Veteran in Active Retirement Mrs. H. L. Roberts Press Secretary, Coos Bay Church, Oregon

IS lord said unto him, Well done, thou good H and faithful servant: thou hast been faith- ful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy Lord" (Matt. 25:21). Golden anniversaries are not uncommon; neither are fiftieth anniversaries of church or- ganization or of church-building dedication; nor are fifty years of service for a minister. But when a pastor returns to his first church to speak at the fifty-first anniversary of its found- ing, he having been the first pastor of that church and having helped to build the church Elder T. G. Bunch speaking at the commemorative plant, the observance would seem unique. services of his first church.

OCTOBER, 1961 17 Bunch has also written some twenty books. With the winds of strife loosed in the world Although now retired in Lodi, California, today and false doctrine plaguing God's people, with his wife, Elder Bunch is still in vigorous it was encouraging to hear this veteran time health and continues in service for his Master, and again stress the fact that he has never holding evangelistic efforts, speaking at various doubted that Adventism is God's true message church services, and writing for denominational for these last days and that it will go on to a periodicals. glorious victory!

The Wonderful "Charis" of God T. K. LUDGATE Department of Religion, Walla Walla College

RACE be unto you and pose the Hindu pantheon; this word has G peace" was one of Paul's been adopted and adapted by the Chris- favorite expressions. This can tians of India to convey the Christian idea readily be seen from his use of heaven as the dwelling place of the one of these words as the saluta- true God and His attendant angels. tion in ten of his Epistles, and Speaking of this acceptance of existing in the three pastoral Epistles words for the expression of new ideas with he adds the word "mercy." In Christian meaning, A. T. Robertson says, Ephesians 2:8 "grace" is said to be the "When one considers the new connota- source of salvation, thereby emphasizing tions that these words bear in the New the exceeding importance of this word. It Testament, it is not too much 'to say that is our objective to examine the original in the history of these and such like words Greek term charis, which is translated lies the history of Christianity.' " "grace" in the English New Testament, and God has chosen to limit Himself, in the to investigate some of the many facets of revelation of His plan for mankind, by human thinking that are contained the circumscribed language in which man therein. expresses himself; therefore it behooves The important part played by grace in man to make a thorough study of the mes- the plan of salvation is of itself a good sage found in the Bible, in order that the reason for observing the significance of the love of God may be better appreciated and word charis; and the many and varied ap- more adequate preparation be made for plications that are made of the term the day when this partial revelation will be "grace" by Christians emphasize the need superseded by the glorious unveiling of the for a clear understanding of the deriva- plan of the Eternal One, at the second tion of the word. The following pertinent coming of Jesus Christ. comment comes from Ellen G. White: Many of the religious terms used in the "The doctrines of grace and truth are not New Testament are found in classical really understood by the larger number of Greek, one of which is charis. An investi- our students and church members."' gation of the various shades of meaning at- It is interesting to note how the Chris- tached to this word in secular sources will tian community has adopted existing lan- aid in understanding its use in the Bible. guage and adapted it to the requirements For the purposes of this article references of Christianity. This is true not only of to primary sources found in authoritative Greek but also of many other languages. works such as Moulton and Milligan, The Missionaries who have worked in India Vocabulary of the Greek Testament; Lid- know that many of the religious terms of dell and Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon; Hinduism and Islam have been adopted by Robert Young, Analytical Concordance to Indian Christians and are currently used the Bible, will be accepted as primary with entirely new connotations. One exam- source materials. ple of this phenomenon is the transforma- The first meaning revealed in the study tion of the Hindu term for "heaven." The of the word charis is "that which affords Sanskrit word svarg connotes a place in- joy, pleasure, delight." 3 This meaning eas- habited by the millions of gods that corn- ily passed to that of "gratification, delight

IS THE MINISTRY in or from a thing." The next step in the result of this adoption is seen in the richer, evolution of the word was from an abstract spiritual connotation given to charis by all idea of joy, delight, or pleasure to that of who consider themselves to be saved by the outward grace or beauty of persons or the grace of God. their portraits.' The mental concept of joy An examination of the number of times or pleasure passed to the visible object the word charis is found in the New Tes- that produced the mental state. The verb tament reveals an interesting fact concern- chairo from which the substantive charis is ing Paul's writings: derived was used as a greeting with the The word occurs twice as often in his Epistles as meaning "be cheerful," i.e., "be calmly it does in the rest of the New Testament. Outside happy or well off," and thus used, it con- the Pauline, Luke and Hebrews, and 1 Peter with its veyed the idea "be well." s The Greeks re- large infusion of Paulinism, it is exceedingly rare. joiced in beauty, hence anything that was . . . From Romans to Titus and Philemon, "grace beautiful was to be praised and sought reigns" in every Epistle. No one can counterfeit this mark of Paul, or speak of grace in his style and after; therefore good health and fine accent' physique were highly prized. This would suggest the wish, expressed as a greeting, Such a report throws light on Paul's rela- that the friend or acquaintance should be tion to his experience with Christ, and em- happy, comfortable, well, and so contribute phasizes his appreciation of the glory and to the general beauty of living. beauty of that attribute of God by which Progressing with the idea of beauty up- men are saved. permost, the Greeks began to use charis to Favor, act of favor, loving-kindness. It is denote beautiful acts or words, such as fa- by the long-suffering kindness, or favor, of vors, acts of grace, gracious words, kind- God that man is spared, and protected ness, good will, favorable attitude: from the efforts of Satan to destroy him.. Thanks for a gracious deed. Not only Man has done nothing to merit this favor was the term charis used to signify a gra- from God; he has repeatedly transgressed cious deed performed or received, or a the law of God, but in love and mercy the favor done to someone else, or a benefit re- heavenly Father extends to man His favor, ceived from another, but it also acquired by which salvation is made possible. This, the meaning of "thanks" for a favor re- favor is expressed by charis. This function ceived. This is illustrated by Moulton in of the word is described by Thayer as fol- the following extract: "El goocoocu . ci[ri] lows: Otg syto °Otto xcd TOE; Osof; no7,,7vi1 vicrotlg, 'if xecetg is used of the kindness of a master towards you are well, it would be as I wish, and his inferiors or servants, and so esp. of God towards much gratitude would be due to the men: siiokrxetv zaQIN rtaoCt idi O. Lk. i.30; . rectootSiSocsOctt tilj X. Ta OSOcl, to be committed or gods.' " commended to the protecting and helping favor of There are other ways in which this fasci- God, Acts xiv.26; xv.40. The apostles and N.T. nating word charis is used in classical writers at the beginning and end of their Epp. Greek, all of which convey some idea of crave for their readers the favor (`grace') of God something connected with beauty. Some of or of Christ, to which all blessings, esp. spiritual, these additional meanings are good will, are due.... Moreover, the word 'co;i contains the charity, benefaction, power, benefit. Acts idea of kindness which bestows upon one what he has not deserved." performed and words spoken for the sake of another person also find in charis a An apt illustration of this use of the word medium of expression. The picture be- is found in Romans 5:21 and also in Ro- comes clear that the ancient Greeks used mans 6:1, where Paul shows that the flood this versatile word in many ways to give of God's favor far exceeds the flood of law; expression to moods, ideas, objects, and at- even as sin reigned in death, so also grace titudes derived from the root idea of joy might begin to reign under a condition of producing, and are inherently associated righteousness to life eternal. He asks the ar- with beauty. resting question "Shall we continue in sin, that grace may abound?" In this passage Glaris Baptized charis has the meaning of "gracious favor"; The adoption of this secular word charis it does not describe the state of man but by the early Christian community, and its God's attitude toward man. Thayer says: adaptation to a religious use could be The N.T. writers use xiititg pre-eminently of that called the baptism of a classical word. The kindness by which God bestows favors even upon OCTOBER, 1961 19 the ill-deserving, and grants to sinners the pardon Closely connected with the idea of favor, of their offences, and bids them accept of eternal or an act of favor, is the thought of gra- salvation through Christ. . . zetelg is used of the ciousness and grace. The Creator mani- merciful kindness by which God, exerting his holy influence upon souls, turns them to Christ, keeps, fests His graciousness by extending to man- strengthens, increases them in Christian faith, kind His grace, which is His unmerited knowledge, affection, and kindles them to the exer- favor, which in turn places man in such a cise of the Christian virtues." condition that he may meet with the ap- proval of God. Love. Human love is beautiful, but how One example of the manner in which much more to be admired and desired is the connotation "grace" as a translation of the love of God. Language is, ultimately, charis illuminates the plan of God for the inadequate to express the wealth of mean- restoration of the character of man to the ing contained in this outstanding attribute likeness of God is found in 1 Peter 2:19, of God, but one aspect of that love is indi- 20. In this passage patient, uncomplaining charis, and it is with this signifi- cated by suffering for the name and cause of God is cance that the word is used in Romans 3: presented as charis, and this gives a new 24, where according to Alford it means vision of the wonderful attribute of Divin- " 'His free undeserved Love.' " " And again ity in which men are invited to immerse in 2 Corinthians 8:19 it has the same themselves. meaning. Spiritual help, power, benefit. Not only The writer has been interested to find does charis show the unmerited favor of that some Oriental languages have no satis- God toward man but it also indicates the factory equivalent for the English expres- power or help necessary to enable man to sion "Thank you!" This is also the case avail himself of the benefit of the divine with Greek. In order to express gratitude it favor. This use of the word is demonstrated is necessary to use a construction that has in the following extracts: the primary significance of acknowledging That it may give grace (minister spiritual indebtedness to someone for a favor re- benefit; be a means of conveying through ceived. Charis is used in classical Greek to you the grace of God)." This is a comment signify such acknowledgment of gratitude. on Ephesians 4:29. The Christians adopted this use and ap- plied it to God. One illustration is seen in The spiritual condition of one governed by the Romans 6:17, Charis de to theo—"Thanks power of divine grace . : EOTTIREVCCI £1/ t z• Ro. v.2; . a gift of grace ... : used of alms, 1 Co. be to God." xvi.3; . . . adaet zo.c.Lg, all earthly blessings, wealth, Summary and Conclusion etc., which are due to divine goodness, 2 Co. ix.8; o BEZig 7reimig zetcotrog, the author and giver of A careful study of this material leads to benefits of every kind, 1 Pet. v.10.14 the realization that God directed the writ- Power—special measure of power given to Paul, ers of the New Testament to use, for the which enabled him to work in his apostleship more expression of His attitude toward men, a than all the others.15 word that comprehends all the most beauti- Commenting on 2 Corinthians 12:9, Al- ful qualities of the ideal character. ford says: "My imparted grace suffices, and The beauty of the character of God as shall suffice . . . the trial must endure, un- revealed in charis is concentrated in long- taken away; but the grace shall also endure suffering love, ever willing to make all pos- and never fail thee." 16 sible allowances for the object of that love, In his remarks on Titus 2:11, the same and always ready to provide necessary aid author says: "That divine favor to men, of to enable perfect union to be effected be- which the whole process of redemption was tween God and men. Apart from the charis a proof . . . a term inclusive of all the bless- of God there is no hope of salvation. God ings of redemption." " This last statement loved, therefore He made provision for the is to be carefully noticed—a term inclusive welfare of those whom He loved, and that of all the blessings of redemption. This is glorious truth is indicated by the precious pointing definitely to the obvious conclu- word here discussed. sion toward which this study is leading. The conclusion arrived at in the preced- Graciousness, grace, approval. Accord- ing paragraph may also be expressed by ing to Robert Young "charis is translated stating the relation that exists between in the Authorized Version of the Bible as grace, mercy, and peace. The grace of God "grace" or "graciousness" 122 times. must be extended to man to make possible 20 THE MINISTRY the removal of guilt; the mercy of God (1 Tim. 1:2; 2 Tim. 1:2; Titus 1:4; 2 John 3). . . . brings alleviation of suffering and misery; But standing in closest inner as well as outer con- the peace of God comes to him who is nexion, there is this difference between them, that while zc'tcug has reference to the sins of men, rt.eog saved by the charis of God. This relation- to their misery. God's z6Qtg, His free grace and ship is well expressed by R. C. Trench: gift, is extended to men as they are guilty, His The word [7_6.Qtc„] is often associated with Ei,so; (Continued on page 36)

Our Forgotten Brothers WILLIAM H. BERGHERM

URING the past three youth training center for delinquents was D years I have served as in the process of construction. Piles of chaplain of a Federal hospi- building material had been assembled; tal, a Federal prison, and at walls and high fences were rapidly rising present writing, of a State above the level of the ground. A few training school for delinquent months later I had occasion to return to youth. I have seen hundreds this area. The institution was completed admitted and discharged and in full operation with a population of from these places. I have lived with men four hundred young men between the ages and boys who had made shipwreck of their of sixteen and twenty. The construction lives, and society had judged them a peril of more wings and annexes was still in to the lives and property of others. So they progress. I was informed that by another had been sent off where they would be out year they expected to have here upward of sight of "decent" people, and keys were of sixteen hundred youth. All of this where turned behind them. but two years before there had been only After these years of observing such "aw- open fields. This is but typical of the amaz- ful" people, of studying and praying with ing growth and expansion of governmental them, there have come upon me some very facilities required to care for the lawless firm convictions. One of them is this: The and the delinquents throughout the coun- church should be contributing far more try. toward the spiritual rehabilitation of these All this constitutes a vast field of labor lonely and broken outcasts, both men and for the servants of Christ. The numbers of women, boys and girls, than we are doing lost men and women, shipwrecks on the at present. I am sure that if you could have shoals of sin, are ever increasing. These sat where I sat, and watched from where people must be given spiritual help in con- I watched, you too would share this same nection with all the other programs of re- conviction. Though we are doing a noble habilitation made available to them. Some- work for the sick, and though we have an one must point them to the only Name ever-expanding program for clothing the under heaven whereby they can be saved. naked and feeding the hungry, in fulfilling While this spiritual guidance cannot al- that other part of the Master's injunction ways be completed during the time they about visiting those who are in prison, we are wards of an institution, it can be begun. scarcely have a program at all. Human guidance, the help they should Perhaps I do not need to take time here have received from parents or foster par- to dwell on the size and dimensions of this ents, has failed them. They've had enough great challenge, or to point out the rapid of the past, and instinctively look forward expansion in the population of the in- to a brighter future. And when they see the creasing number of institutions that house help they might receive from God, many these "disinherited souls." We are all aware reach out for it. of the fact that the increase of lawlessness Proof of this is seen daily in the school and violence has filled these correctional where I now serve as Protestant chaplain. facilities of our country far beyond their I conduct twelve Bible classes, all volun- capacities. Some months ago I visited a tarily attended. There are eight to four- site in southern California where a new teen boys in a class. At times we have had OCTOBER, 1961 21 penitentiary several years before. He told October Meditation me that he had mentioned this desire for When Orion burns help to an employee of the prison who is At midnight in the east, an Adventist. Sabbath after Sabbath this And ladders slant faithful brother gathers those he can into Against the apple trees, the chapel and has his Sabbath school. But I wonder if another year will bring after nearly two years of waiting he has My eager Lord yet to be visited by an Adventist minister. To do His harvesting. He told me I was the first minister he had —Arni Octal seen in all that time. Brethren, this should not be. The servant of the Lord has warned to compete with ball games and other at- God's people about the danger of isolating tractions close to a boy's heart, yet the boys themselves from the world. Ministering to have requested to stay on and continue the broken men and women about us, giving lesson. Another evidence of this desire for a helping hand to those ready to sink in spiritual help is found in the large number the waters of sin, is a service that cannot of prisoners enrolled in the Voice of Proph- be left altogether to others to do. I have ecy correspondence courses throughout the found that many of the boys for whom I country. During a conversation I had with labor are as promising as boys are any- the chaplain of a State penitentiary in the where and would make earnest Christians South, he informed me that the midweek if they were only given a chance. But when prayer meeting had been discontinued be- a mother abandons a little boy, when a cause so many were using their evenings father shoots and kills a boy's stepmother to work on their Voice of Prophecy courses. before his eyes, when a boy is shunted I have encountered these classes in several from home to home like a boxcar on a large prisons and am informed that they railroad track, until he can count ten fos- are to be found in practically all the State ter homes where he has tried to live, and and Federal institutions. he is not yet twelve years old, what else But what are we doing to follow up the can we expect? How much can the human interests? Has any plan been worked out system take and not crack under the load among the conferences that assures per- of such treatment? How much better sonal visitation by workers or trained lay- would we have fared without a mother's man who are orientated in this line of ap- love or a father's care? Perhaps not one proach? To my knowledge there has not. whit better. Ministers in the area of these prisons and To respond to such a Macedonian call general hospitals are like ministers else- requires more than a compassionate heart where—too busy and often too inade- and a willing hand. In the complex world quately prepared to take on these added of our day men and women in the modern responsibilities. They hesitate to enter into halls of correction and rehabilitation must that which they know so little about and be given more than the unskilled care they which would only prevent their accom- received in years gone by. Time was when plishing other duties closer at hand. most any experienced preacher of the gos- It is only natural to turn from that in pel, if he was known by the warden, might which no guidance or personal supervision apply and stand a good chance of being is given and take up the regular duties in employed as the prison chaplain. No spe- which one is better prepared and has more cial training was required. But that day experience. Yet this Macedonian call must be an- has passed. Civil service examinations are swered if our labors are to please Him who now given to candidates, and a year's in- called us into the vineyard. In one Federal ternship under the guidance of a trained penitentiary in the East where thirty or chaplain is generally the requirement de- forty men had taken the courses, I was told that these men had frequently ex- CORRECTION pressed the hope that some Adventist min- We regret that on page 9 of our August issue ister might visit them. But this had never Elder W. E. Murray was designated a field secretary been done. One of the prisoners at this of the General Conference, whereas the correct institution is a faithful Seventh-day Ad- title should have been vice-president.—Ens. ventist, having been baptized in another 22 THE MINISTRY manded today. We now know that dealing with the minds of men is the most delicate work in the world, and it must be under- taken with some skill. So, while our weap- a ional ons of warfare as ministers of the gospel WORLD'S LARGEST RELIGIOUS remain, greater skill and adaptation is now GOODS DEPARTMENT STORE an essential in the handling of these weap- for Clergy, Choir and Church ons of the Word and the Spirit. May I suggest that some of our difficulty in obtaining permission to labor in certain WE REPRESENT EIGHT OF prisons has come about because of a lack THE WORLD'S LARGEST of this skill and knowledge, which a degree MANUFACTURERS OF ALTAR of preparation would have given. In one APPOINTMENTS AND instance an Adventist minister had been COMMUNION WARE called in to visit a boy who claimed to be a Seventh-day Adventist. But our brother National • Sudbury exhausted his welcome after the first visit. International Silver The boy did not want to see him again be- Gorham Silver cause of the embarrassing questions put to Rostand Brass him in this first interview. It was necessary for the chaplain to suggest that he not re- Revell-Ware turn. However, these reports have not come Kensington too often and should not discourage us. It St. Louis Silversmiths is up to us to develop the right kind of technique to open these doors. We need rrrr not fail the second time, at least in the CHURCH FURNITURE same area of operation. AND PEWS • May God help us to somehow grasp the PARAMENTS size and the extent of this Macedonian call Reo.b, Wad., and then to undertake the program it re- quires. It will cost money, if for no other y,rif reason than the fact that the field is so large. Remember that during the past CHURCH GOODS twelve years the number of juvenile arrests shorts SUPPLY COMPANY and court cases has nearly doubled the rate 821-23 ARCH STkEET, PHILADELPHIA 7. PA. of juvenile population growth. Who can IQ foresee the end? Our President has called for a five-year program to combat juvenile died. Only Christ can save him. He is our delinquency and estimates that the cost to brother as well as is the saint in the church the national Government alone will be ten for whom we labor. May God roll upon million dollars annually. Congress has us then a sense of obligation toward these been asked to vote this amount. This is a "disinherited souls" who are increasing in new area of Federal activity undertaken such numbers all about us. He may be the because of the emergency in the unparal- forgotten backwash of our slums, his mis- leled increase of lawlessness among the demeanors may cause us to shudder, but youth. Can we stand by as a church and tonight he may be sitting in some lonely do nothing for those who have fallen vic- cell, wishing that he had the power to live tims to the monster of sin? Ellen G. White a better life. He may be longing for a has given us the answer: chance to take his place as an honorable His [Christ's] followers are not to feel them- citizen in this great country of ours. He selves detached from the perishing world around feels he has never had that chance, and them. They are a part of the great web of hu- he might be right. Let us help him. manity; and Heaven looks upon them as brothers to sinners as well as to saints.—The Desire of Ages, p. 638. If God hath made this world so fair, where sin The person who has broken the law and and death abound, how beautiful beyond compare has fallen into disgrace and shame in the will Paradise be found.—Robert Montgomery. community is still a child for whom Christ OCTOBER, 1961 23 Progress at the New Gallen

KENNETH

= meeting of the series, owing to the fan- tastic cost of advertising in London, our Sunday evening attendances soon settled down to an average of about five hundred. These Sunday services were augmented and supported by popular midweek studies in the book of Revelation, and with a series of baptismal classes held on Sunday eve- nings after the evangelistic service. Seven baptismal services were conducted during the year in which ninety-seven precious souls were added to the churches. Among other experiments, we tried an Easter baptism, which proved to be very Entrance to the New Gallery Centre. successful, some thirty-one candidates par- ticipating on that joyful occasion. Besides the main evangelistic program, URING the seven years of several important subsidiary activities were D its existence our London conducted, all of which were directed evangelistic center, with its toward the one primary goal of soul win- unique position at the cross- ning. For example, our youth activities fea- roads of the world, has been instrumental in raising up a large central church of some 500 members. At the same time it has added to the membership of our other London churches. During this seven-year period the Centre has been served by six principal ministers: Pastors G. E. Vandeman, E. J. Folkenberg, R. A. Anderson, A. G. Ratcliffe, H. M. S. Richards, and Kenneth Lacey. Each speaker has made his own particular contribution in ideas and techniques, thus building up the work in spite of a marked lack of con- tinuity, especially in personnel. I joined forces with the New Gallery team during the spring of 1959, and to- gether we worked to consolidate the inter- est that had been aroused during the brief ministries of Pastors Ratcliffe and Rich- ards. This, of course, was not the easiest task, but with God's help we were able to baptize sixty-seven souls before the end of the year. Last year, 1960, we began the season with a three-session Sunday program that gave us an initial attendance of some sev- enteen hundred. Unfortunately, since our advertising has to be limited to the opening Evangelist K. Lacey with hi

24 THE MINISTRY r Centre, London, England

LACEY, Director

tured a series of "Best Saturday Night in Town" programs, which along with a suc- cessful youth club has done much to inter- est and hold not only the youth of the church but an increasing number of young people gathered in from our evangelistic services. Our special film programs attracted an attendance of some thirty thousand during the year and contributed approximately £1,000 toward our income. Many of today's faithful members can trace their first con- tact with this message to an attendance at one of our film sessions. These films are shown daily and change each week with A scene during a baptismal service. the exception of the one on the Life of Christ, which is shown from Christmas to Easter, and our lung cancer films, which New Gallery Centre and plays an impor- are shown continuously for two months tant part in the presentation of the mes- during the summer. sage. Our faithful choir, the New Gallery Music is another special feature at the Singers, performed a cappella every week during the season, and an enlarged choir of up to one hundred voices presented spe- cial music at Christmas and Easter. One outstanding contribution in this field was the first performance in England of Ber- nard Hamblyn's cantata "Tragedy to Tri- umph," which was attended by the com- poser himself. The Centre is fortunate in having the support of outstanding Advent- ist artists such as Kathleen Joyce (con- tralto), Uriel Porter (bass), and its own musical director, Russell Kranz (baritone), with Leslie Riskowitz at the piano and Da- vid Elliott at the Wurlitzer organ. The reading room makes its own quiet contribution to the effective witness of the Center. During 1961 hundreds of truth- filled books were lent or sold, and thou- sands of tracts and leaflets were given away to the general public, while at the same time many valuable contacts were made by the receptionist. Looking back in retrospect, we are con- scious of many needs, but one need in par- ticular stands out above all others. To make our witness all that it ought to be in this great center of world influence, we desperately need the help of an Adventist s associates and the choir. doctor who as a regular member of our

OCTOBER, 1961 25 staff could promote the "right arm of the its corps of workers in your daily prayers, message," and thus enable us to reach with that God will help us to make the Centre our health message a class of people who all He intends it should be—a mighty in- can be reached in no other way. strument in His hands for the salvation of Please remember the New Gallery and souls.

The Significance of Baptism A. R. FRASER History Professor, N.S.W., Australia

NE of the fundamental be- from sin. In The Desire of Ages we read, O liefs of the Seventh-day "As a symbol of cleansing from sin, he Adventist Church, held in [John] baptized them in the waters of the common with other conserva- Jordan. Thus by a significant object lesson tive Christian faiths, is that he declared that those who claimed to be of baptism by immersion. We the chosen people of God were defiled by consider baptism to be one sin, and that without purification of heart of the ordinances of the Chris- and life they could have no part in the tian church and a fitting memorial of the Messiah's kingdom."—Page 104. The ex- death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus perience of the newly converted Saul of Christ. As a ceremonial act, baptism ante- Tarsus reveals that baptism symbolizes the dates the Christian Era. That the Jews washing away of sins. In Acts 22:16 Paul were familiar with the procedure involved recalls his experience with Ananias who is clear from the fact that baptism by im- said, "Arise, and be baptized, and wash mersion was one of the requirements that away thy sins, calling on the name of the proselytes to Judaism were required to ful- Lord." The washing away of sins is not fill. Pharisaic opposition to the Johannine accomplished merely by the act of baptism, baptism was based not on a dispute over for this in itself has no virtue. The efficacy the validity of the rite but on the question of the baptismal act comes when there is in of his authority to perform it. However, addition a spirit of repentance and belief in being baptized by John, our Lord that "the blood of Jesus Christ his Son showed by His very observance that He cleanseth us from all sin" (1 John 1:7). recognized in this rite a heaven-ordained This cleansing, the apostle states two verses ceremony. Its institution as a Christian later, is the direct product of confession ordinance gave to baptism a far greater on our part coupled with forgiveness on significance than it had ever possessed be- God's part. It is the function of the cleans- fore. This article seeks to consider some ing power of the gospel—"the power of of the more significant points of which God unto salvation" (Rom. 1:16)—to re- baptism is a fitting symbol. move unrighteousness from the sinner, and baptism is merely the outward symbol of Baptism Signifies Purification this inner cleansing. To the Jew familiar with the Mosaic Baptism Signifies a Change of Ownership system the "divers washings" (Heb. 9:10) given in the ordinances had a spiritual sig- Paul says "so many of us as were baptized nificance. They referred not only to physi- into Jesus Christ were baptized into his cal cleanliness but also had definite appli- death" (Rom. 6:3). What the apostle has cation to the concept of spiritual purifica- in mind here is that this experience of be- tion. In his prayer of deep confession David ing "baptized into Jesus Christ" means be- implored God, "Wash me, and I shall be coming the property of Jesus Christ. Hence- whiter than snow" (Ps. 51:7). There was in forth all our old allegiances are forgotten, his mind a desire to be spiritually clean. all links with previous ownership are sev- The ordinance of baptism is a fitting sym- ered, and the newly baptized Christian is bol of such cleansing and purification "under new management." Baptism there- 26 THE MINISTRY fore signifies the renunciation of all the Baptism Signifies Repentance links with the old life of sin; "old things Peter in his Pentecostal sermon stirred are passed away; behold, all things are be- the hearts of his hearers who inquired, come new" (2 Cor. 5:17) , and we are "What shall we do?" His reply contained now the property of the Redeemer. The life two actions, "Repent, and be baptized." of the believer is joined in such a close re- Notice that in the order given here, repent- lation with Christ that the two become one ance precedes baptism. This was the watch- in the bonds of spiritual unity. word of the early gospel preaching, "Re- Baptism Signifies a Vital Connection with pent ye: for the kingdom of heaven is at Christ hand" (Matt. 3:2). After John's ministry Christ preached the same doctrine of re- An examination of the words used by pentance. Indeed, throughout the early Christ in the gospel commission as recorded Christian church repentance was central in Matthew 28:19 reveals the words "in the in the preaching of the apostles. Baptism name of the Father, and of the Son, and of therefore is an outward sign of true re- the Holy Ghost." Practically the same ex- pentance of sin and the manifestation of pression was employed by Peter in his ser- the inward desire to be cleansed. Ellen G. mon on the Day of Pentecost when he told White suggests that repentance is an in- the people to "repent, and be baptized ev- dispensable forerunner of baptism. She ery one of you in the name of Jesus Christ" says: "Conviction takes hold upon the mind (Acts 2:38). The newly converted and and heart. The sinner has a sense of the baptized believer leaves the family of sin righteousness of Jehovah, and feels the ter- and is adopted into the family of God ror of appearing, in his own guilt and un- through Jesus Christ, and accordingly re- cleanness, before the Searcher of hearts. He ceives a new name signifying a real and sees the love of God, the beauty of holiness, abiding union with his redeeming Lord. the joy of purity; he longs to be cleansed, Paul states that those who are baptized in and to be restored to communion with the name of Christ "have put on Christ" Heaven."—Steps to Christ, p. 24. David (Gal. 3:27). Here is an indication of that revealed the same thoughts in his prayer, intimate relationship which comes with the "For I acknowledge my transgressions: adoption of the name Christian. Ellen G. and my sin is ever before me" (Ps. 51:3). White has well said, "If we are true to our "Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be vow, there is opened to us a door of com- clean: wash me, and I shall be whiter than munication with heaven—a door that no snow" (verse 7). human hand or satanic agency can close." —The SDA Bible Commentary, Comments, Baptism Signifies Death and Burial on Rom. 6:3, p. 1075. One of the several outstanding features of Christian baptism is the fact that it is a Baptism Signifies Faith in Christ memorial testifying to the atoning death of One of the important prerequisites Christ on Calvary. Paul makes the symbol- for baptism is an abiding faith in, and a ism even clearer in Romans 6:3 when he full acceptance of, Jesus Christ as our per- writes, "Know ye not, that so many of us sonal Saviour. Baptism is the outward ex- as were baptized into Jesus Christ were bap- pression of the believer's faith in the aton- tized into his death?" For Paul this was the ing death of Christ. Notice that Jesus re- inner meaning of baptism—first it was a ferred to the necessity of belief preceding symbol of Christ's death and second it was baptism when He said, "He that believeth a fitting symbol of the believer's renuncia- and is baptized shall be saved" (Mark tion of his former life, his death to sin. He 16:16). Those who accept the gospel will reinforces this contention by saying, "Old reveal this in two ways: by faith in Jesus things are passed away" (2 Cor. 5:17). and by the rite of baptism. The first is a Just as Christ was crucified and experi- deep, inward, and personal acceptance of enced death fully and completely as He the vicarious atoning sacrifice by Christ lay in the grave, so the rite of baptism sig- for man's salvation. The second is a sign nifies the crucifixion of the old life and its to the world of the inward change such an complete death. Not only is baptism a acceptance brings. John 3:16, Acts 2:38, death but it is also a burial. Paul says we and Acts 16:30, 31 all show the connection are "buried with him in baptism" (Col. between belief and salvation. (Continued on page 36) OCTOBER, 1961 27 EVANGELISM -- Winning Men for God

The Bible Course and the Soul-winning Campaign SALIM JAPAS Evangelist, Buenos Aires Conference

Evangelism in the Large Cities sess a sweeping spiritual power; uncor- rupted men and women who do not con- HEN someone speaks of form themselves to the mediocrity of imi- Wa unique efficient method tation, but who are willing to take the for evangelization in a speci- chances of the divine adventure of soul fied area the expression does winning; men endowed with a balanced not seem convincing. The capacity for adaptability, who are willing ways and means to reach peo- to try new and old ways to reach dwellers in the large cities. God give us these men! b ple with the gospel are mani- fold, just as varied as are the A Successful Campaign in Avellaneda, human personalities it is destined to reach. Argentina On the other hand, it can be proved that the combination of several methods is Beginning on June 18, 1960, we carried highly productive in a campaign, when the out an evangelistic campaign in the city of men who lead are willing to work in hu- Avellaneda, Argentina, the results of mility and simplicity. which we briefly register: Avellaneda is an These are disturbing times. The con- industrial city, considered the largest man- temporary man, living in the large modern ufacturing mart in the republic, with 330,- city, presents one of the biggest challenges 000 inhabitants. It is situated in the heart to evangelization. His sense of values is of the great industrial belt that surrounds undermined, his interests are largely ab- the city of Buenos Aires. The Buenos Aires sorbed by material things and are subject Conference, with the assistance of the divi- to overpowering tensions. He is crying at sion, built a church on the main street to the top of his voice for the evangelist to seat five hundred. revise his soul-winning methods. The evangelistic team was composed of We have often been told through the the following workers: Walter Solis, Ri- Spirit of Prophecy writings that "the high- cardo Liernur, Oscar Palacios (all in charge est of all sciences is the science of soul sav- of a church), Maria May, Enriqueta Fer- ing" (The Ministry of Healing, p. 398). raresi, Alicia de Viera, and Salim Japas. In But some of us have conducted ourselves harmony with the soul-winning plan we set through the years as amateurs, not as scien- our goal: First, to win the interest and tific men who are led by the power of pa- favor of the audience and, second, to win tient investigation and who push forward it for Christ and the church. This we at- toward the conquest of the unknown. tained, thanks to the Lord, by offering seven We do not wish to place more value on double meetings. Each one of the lectures this statement than it merits, because, al- of the evangelist was preceded by a twenty- though we put much emphasis on soul- minute medical talk in charge of two Ad- winning methods, we wish to emphasize ventist physicians, Drs. Enrique Schimpf more the irreplaceable efficacy of a vigor- and Alejandro Petre. ous Christian personality at the service of Our second aim—to win souls to Christ the "science of soul saving." These chang- and the church—was achieved by different ing times urgently demand men who pos- means, especially the Bible course. By De- 28 THE MINISTRY cember 31 we had baptized one hundred Didactics of the Class and Suggested Subjects new believers. 1. Give rank to the class; use plenty of The Bible Course and Its Fundamental truthful propaganda. Announce to your Importance audience that you will study in the Bible the answers to the questions of the modern It has been proved, at least to us, that the man. group class is valuable in an evangelistic 2. Organize the ushers. Have both effort and very efficient for the winning of young men and young women, neatly souls. We have been informed that the Bi- dressed and with good manners. ble class has always been linked to a soul- 3. Keep a register of attendance. Let it winning effort, thus placing it on a sec- be known to the students that if they fulfill ondary basis. Now we are giving the Bible the requirements they will receive a certifi- class firsthand importance. We held two cate at the end of the course. This will weekly classes in Avellaneda, on Saturdays contribute to better attendance. and Sundays, preceded by color slides, with 4. Have enough Bibles to lend at the be- the purpose of contributing to the culture ginning of each class. of the public. We had 360 enrollments of 5. At the close of each class give a new people and 140 from the church mem- printed summary of the day's lesson, with a bers. Of the total number of students 150 short bibliography at the bottom of the received a certificate for their attendance page, so that those who wish may investi- and progress and for having been present gate more. at thirteen of the sixteen classes. Seventy 6. The first and most important duty of other students were present eight and a good teacher is to be studious. Know your twelve times. subject well. The students will notice it and We would like to mention some of the will appreciate it. didactic advantages the Bible class has over 7. While you are teaching remember the lectures: that at that moment you are a teacher, not a 1. It shortens distances not only in ma- lecturer. Use all the teaching aids at your terial space but also in spiritual communi- disposal (illustrations, blackboard, pic- cation. tures, et cetera). 2. You feel more confident of your sub- 8. Keep your language simple when you ject when you analyze, Bible in hand, the deal with deep subjects. Don't be afraid of chapters of the plan of salvation. Let us deep subjects, but don't be superficial. remember that the Bible is our specialty. 9. Facilitate the personal duty of visita- 3. It awakens more quickly a desire to tion to your associates by creating some study the Bible in its intimate "mysteries." problems whose answers must be referred 4. It offers the evangelist the occasion to to the instructors. You can say this: "This be a teacher, not only a speaker or lecturer. problem is so important that I will not be 5. It preselects rapidly an audience in- able to deal with it now, owing to the lack terested particularly in religious matters. of time, but Mr. So-and-so (the Bible in- 6. It facilitates the work of the associate structor) knows the answer as well as I do. Bible instructors. Homes open easily to Ask him and he will be glad to help you." those who help to interpret the Bible. 10. Let each lesson be the occasion to 7. It provides the interested with a doc- bring to the attention of the students the trinal foundation. sublime beauty of our Lord and Saviour. 8. It brings decisions much faster and with less effort. 11. The subjects dealt with at Avel- In 1897 Ellen G. White said, "If one half laneda were the following general titles: of the sermonizing were done, and double "The Truth, Man, and Eternal Destiny" the amount of personal labor given to souls and "The Christ and the Antichrist." in their homes and in the congregations, Under the first general title we gave con- a result would be seen that would be sur- sideration to the following subjects: prising."—Evangelism, p. 430. And in Testi- What is man (Psalm 8:4)? monies, volume 6, page 87, she adds, "There After death, what (Job 14:14)? should be less preaching and more teach- Is there an end, or is it eternal? (Fate ing. . . . As we approach nearer the end, I of the world. Matthew 24:3.) have seen . . . there will be less preaching Suffering (John 9:1, 2). and more Bible study." The future life (Mark 12:18-23). OCTOBER, 1961 29 Salvation (Acts 16:30). We praise God for the fact that some The true religion (John 4:16-20). 1,000 senior youth have been giving Bible Under the second title we dealt with the studies to more than 8,000 nonbelievers in following basic subjects: this united program. You should hear their The Christ and the Antichrist. ringing testimonies at rallies, and read Is Jesus Christ God? Why? their personal letters telling of new-found Who is the antichrist? joy in a living Saviour! Our youth are will- The conflict on earth. ing and ready to set the pace in leading the The little horn and the antichrist. church into total evangelism. Truth overthrown. I have often wondered why our churches Restoration of truth. are not filled with laymen engaged in soul The two beasts of Revelation 13. winning. The reason is obvious—because The work of the divine sealing. we have neglected to train and develop in End of the conflict and triumph of the our youth a burden for souls. We are children of God. faithful in teaching the little ones to give their nickels and quarters so that when they become mature they will give their YOUTH CAN WIN SOULS! dollars to help carry on the Lord's work. But are they taught that money alone will L. M. Nelson not finish the task? MV Secretary, Southwestern Union Conference The servant of the Lord has repeatedly emphasized that the work will not be fin- NY youth old enough to ished until each and every member of the A be baptized is old enough church, both young and old, personally to win souls." This new shares his faith. slogan, adopted by the Mis- We must take a new look at the leaders sionary Volunteer department of tomorrow. The words of Jesus when a of the Southwestern Union, is twelve-year-old, "I must be about my Fa- proving that our youth are ther's business," must take on new empha- sis in the training of our children. able to assume responsibilities Let the ten- to fourteen-year-old learn of church membership. the art of giving Bible studies through What the church needs in this hour is a Operation Lamplighter, and as he grows program that will win and hold its youth, into his older teens he will want to con- and at the same time produce a satisfactory tinue such soul-winning endeavor because evangelistic endeavor for unbelievers lead- he knows he has already successfully mas- ing to baptism. tered the art. And as the years go by we will Operation Fireside, the unique new Gen- find he has developed into the type of eral Conference Bible study plan, has cap- evangelistic layman we so desperately need tivated the minds of the youth in this un- in the church today. ion. About six months ago this program Evangelism must be the key to all was launched with the aim of enlisting our church-centered youth activity if we would youth to join their pastors in a combined be faithful servants in giving proper guid- Bible study and revival program. More ance to our young people. Brethren, we than fifty such Operation Fireside endeav- must hasten the Lord's coming. Let the ors have been concluded thus far, resulting youth help us finish the task. in nearly 250 actual baptisms. Here is con- clusive proof that our youth, ages sixteen to thirty, when given the opportunity, will win new believers for the pastor to baptize. But of even more importance is the new NOW... 3 SIZES experience that comes to the youth who Unbreakable ... noise-free ... lightweight . boilproof com- participate. There is a broader vision, a munion Masses ... 51.25 Doz. spiritual strength, and a burning desire to FREE sample of each size go and do more for the Master when they are led into an evangelistic experience. Any Order from Cat7/ BRASS GOODS CO. your dealer endeavor that leads our youth into soul 70 Pearl St. Brookline 46, Mass. winning is the surest way of holding them Dept. G for God.

30 TILE MINISTRY PASTOR -- Shepherding the Flock

The Pastor and the Sabbath School MILTON T. REIBER Pastor, East Pennsylvania Conference

F THE pastor were to de- them. Knowing who is present will help to I pend entirely upon his own guide him in his sermon, and greeting the efforts to win souls, the task visitors as they arrive will give the pastor at times would seem almost an opportunity to invite them to be in his hopeless. However, this is not Sabbath school class. The fact that the min- the case in the Seventh-day ister is there to welcome them shows the is.. Adventist Church. The members that he is interested in the Sab- church is so organized that bath school. it gives the pastor many helpers. Every de- The pastor's work with the Sabbath partment of the church exists for the pur- school should begin in the council meet- pose of winning souls. Each adds its con- ings. There he can guide the affairs of the tribution to the total church program and school without dictating. He should urge the building up of God's kingdom upon the officers to see that the school operates the earth. smoothly, that no embarrassing incidents The Sabbath school is especially con- take place that would give an unfavorable ducive to winning souls. The pastor should impression to visitors. He can let the of- recognize this and capitalize on the various ficers know that he will support them in facets of the Sabbath school to enlarge the their program. In the council meetings he church membership. It has often been said can guide in the selection of teachers who that the Sabbath school is the church at will put their best into their teaching. study. But it is more than this. It can be, Many times a missing member is ques- and many times is, a baptismal class and an tioned about his lack of interest in the Sab- introduction to a more personal relation- bath school, and the reply is that the ship with Jesus Christ. It is common teacher does not create interest and the knowledge that in most mission fields the member receives no benefit from the lesson Sabbath school membership exceeds that study. of the church. It was my privilege to serve When the teachers have been selected, overseas for one term of service. In one the pastor can give guidance to them in mission station the baptized church mem- presenting their lessons. They should be bership was fifteen, but the Sabbath school cautioned to use tact, never arguing with membership was two hundred. What a glo- the members or visitors. The teachers rious opportunity existed there for the win- should be encouraged to present additional ning of souls to Jesus! facts and thoughts related to the lesson, be- It goes without saying that the pastor cause most of the members have studied should attend the Sabbath school. Unfortu- the lesson at least once. The teachers can nate is the minister who has to miss Sab- be reminded that they have the "first bath school because of two preaching serv- chance" with the class members and vis- ices in the morning. Because most of our itors; that is, they can make a good or bad churches are not large, the pastor can greet impression on them before the minister each member as he arrives. This gives the presents his sermon. members an opportunity to introduce to The pastor will want to have a Sabbath the pastor visitors they may bring with school class. Visitors should be urged to at-

OCTOBER, 1961 31 Sabbath school is the Vacation Bible CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS School. To most people their children are their dearest possessions. If an interest is Advertisements appropriate to The Ministry, appear- ing under this heading, eight cents a word for each taken in the children, it will be easier to insertion, including initials and address. Minimum charge, two dollars for each insertion. Cash required reach the parents. Many baptisms have re- with order. Address The Ministry, Takoma Park, Wash- sulted from the follow-up of a Vacation ington 12, D.C., U.S.A. Bible School. Sabbath school members and church school pupils have been secured also as a result of Vacation Bible Schools. THOUSANDS OF HARD-TO-FIND AND out-of-print religious Fortunate is the pastor who can conduct and theological books now available. Send 25c for recent catalog. Libraries purchased. Kregel's Bookstore, Grand Rapids an evangelistic campaign in the same loca- 6, Michigan. tion immediately following a Vacation Bi- ble School. The children can serve as ad- USED THERMOFAX instant copying machine like new-21/2 vertisers for the meetings. years old. Cost $300.00. Will take $150.00. Detamore, Box This year, when the General Conference 1313, Orlando, Florida. has asked all departments to be especially evangelistic, the Sabbath school should be tend this class, and the Sabbath school geared to use every means for the winning members should be encouraged to intro- of souls. The pastor can use this depart- duce any visitors to the pastor if he has not ment to distinct advantage, not by dictat- already met them. When there is a likeli- ing to the Sabbath school officers but by hood of many visitors not of our faith, the guiding them. He should let them know new Sabbath school lessons for the pastor's that he is vitally interested in their work class are helpful. These do not follow the and will give them every support. regular lessons, but contain the cardinal doctrines of the Christian faith. Some of MAINTAINING A SUCCESSFUL the less-informed members of the church CHRISTIAN EXPERIENCE can be put into this class so their faith can be strengthened, and they will thus form a (A Sermon Outline) nucleus for the class. If non-Adventist vis- C. T. Richards itors attend this class regularly, they can be Professor of Religion, Oakwood College, Alabama led step by step into the message. One of the most fruitful phases of the Introduction Sabbath school is the branch Sabbath Some questions of deep con- school. This can be conducted in a variety cern to the young convert are: of places. If members live some distance 1. How long will my Chris- from the church and cannot attend regu- tian experience last? larly, they should be encouraged to have a 2. How can I be sure I will branch Sabbath school in their homes, or not slip back into the old some other suitable place. If this is held in paths? the afternoon, the pastor or other mem- 3. How can I hold on to what I have? bers of the church can assist. Sometimes In seeking the answers to these questions after a series of Bible studies there are still there are two extremes to be avoided. some in the community who are interested 1. One extreme: "Once converted, a saint but who have not been baptized. This pro- can never lose this experience." The vides an excellent opportunity for a branch Scriptures refute this error. See 1 Corin- Sabbath school. I had this experience a few thians 9:27; 10:12. years ago. I had baptized several people as 2. Another extreme: "It is impossible to a result of personal work in the community, live the overcomer's life." See Philippians and as the new members lived about sixty 4:13; Jude 24; 1 John 3:9. miles from the church, a branch school was God has set a definite goal for the Christian organized in one of the homes. I took lay- to reach (Heb. 6:1; Matt. 5:48; Eph. 4:12, 13). men from the church to carry on the school when I could not attend. After a few weeks What warning has God given concerning the I left that district, and three weeks after my dangers to our Christian experience? departure, nine souls were baptized from 1. The danger of neglect—Heb. 2:1-3. this branch Sabbath school. 2. The danger of waning faith—Heb. 4:2, Another avenue of soul winning in the 6; 10:35. 32 THE MINISTRY 3. The danger of presumption-John 8: native in the footnote is acceptable to Ad- 33, 39, 40. ventists-"Christ is the end of the law as a 4. The danger of deception--2 Thess. 2: way to righteousness for everyone who has 9-12. faith"-it still contains an element of in- 5. The danger of apostasy-Heb. 6:4-6. terpretation and rather goes beyond what is legitimate in a translation. Another How does the plan of salvation provide for the translation that reveals a preconceived spiritual security of the Christian? view is Matthew 24:34, "I tell you this: 1. The priestly ministry of Christ-Heb. the present generation will live to see it 4:14-16; 7:25; Rom. 8:34. all." This translation presupposes that 2. The righteousness of Christ. Jesus was mistaken in His eschatological a. Imputed-Rom. 3:21-24; 4:11. beliefs and teachings, that He believed He b. Imparted-Gal. 2:20; Col. 1:27. would return within the generation, and 3. The ministry of the Holy Spirit-Rom. that in this He was in error. 8:1, 5, 9-11, 13, 14, 26, 27. An interesting interpretation is to be 4. The armor of God-Eph. 6:10-18. seen in Acts 20:7 where the N.E.B. trans- 5. The faithfulness, forbearance, long-suf- lates en de to nzia ton sabbaton as "on fering, and goodness of God-Heb. 10: the Saturday night." The literal translation 23; Rom. 2:4. is, of course, "on the first day of the week." The translators have taken the position What is the Christian's part in maintaining a that the Jewish system of reckoning was successful experience with God? still practiced and that thus the evening 1. Confess every sin-1 John 1:9; 2:1. meeting was on Saturday night. Perhaps 2. Die to self daily-1 Cor. 15:31. a correct interpretation, but nevertheless 3. Desire the Word-1 Peter 2:2. an interpretation! The translation of Ga- 4. Love the law of God-Ps. 119:97. latians 3:24 is as follows: "Thus the law 5. Resist the devil-James 4:7. was a kind of tutor in charge of us until 6. Draw near to God-Heb. 10:22-25; Christ should come." In the footnote there James 4:8. is an alternative translation: "a kind of 7. Grow in grace-2 Peter 3:18; Heb. 5: tutor to conduct us to Christ." The trans- 12-14. lators claimed to eschew ambiguity in the 8. Be faithful-Rev. 2:10. translation, but in at least one controver- 9. Endure to the end-Matt. 24:13. sial passage they have left a large question 10. Strive to enter-Luke 13:24. mark. Matthew 16:18 is translated "You are Peter, the Rock; and on this rock I What further assurance is given that ultimate will build my church." Do they mean, by salvation is possible? avoiding capitalization of the second 1. Promises to the overcomer-Rev. 3:5. "rock," that the church was not built upon 2. Christ will hold us fast-John 10:28, 29. Peter or do they capitalize the first "Rock" 3. The just will fall and rise again-Prov. because it is a proper name (Petros), 24:16. while the second "rock" represents the 4. God cannot lie-Titus 1:2. characteristics of the same person? 5. God will finish the work-Phil. 1:6. There is no doubt that the N.E.B. may 6. Have faith in God-Heb. 11:6; 2 Tim. be used with profit by the Bible student, 1:12. for he will find many fresh renderings that will bring added meaning to the study of Scripture. At the same time it should be The New English Bible: A well understood that this is a free transla- Preliminary Critique tion, which does not hesitate to move into the realm of paraphrase and interpreta- (Continued from page 16) tion. It therefore represents in some places the alternative translation in the footnote the interpretation of the translators to a is an extremely liberal rendering, "For the greater extent than is usually found in testimony to Jesus is the spirit that in- such translations as the King James or Re- spires prophets." The translation of Ro- vised Standard versions. mans 10:4-"For Christ ends the law and brings righteousness for everyone who has Most of us know how to say nothing. Few of faith" is interpretative. Although the alter- us know when.-Anonymous. OCTOBER, 1961 33 The Minister's Ally JOHN P. U. MC LEOD, M.D.

O THE minister, perhaps, muted an element of worship we need to Tthe word preacher may enable us to give true praise and adoration signify the ultimate in at- to a living God. tainment, and to preach the In other words, the successful minister gospel the greatest of all priv- through the ages seems to have been the ileges. But in spite of the fact one who has carefully followed the "order that the ministry is such a of service" so faithfully outlined by David high calling, there are times in Psalm 95: when the preacher has the experience of "0 come, let us sing unto the Lord: let pouring his heart out in a great sermon us make a joyful noise to the rock of our and then finding that he had aroused only salvation. Let us come before his presence a minimum of response in his listeners. with thanksgiving, and make a joyful noise Why is this? What is the reason for this unto him with psalms. For the Lord is a lack of response? Is it that the listener needs great God, and a great King above all some kind of preparation before the ser- gods. . . . 0 come, let us worship and bow mon? down: let us kneel before the Lord our What, then, can be done to prepare the maker. For he is our God; and we are the listener? What can be done to release the people of his pasture, and the sheep of his listener's mind, to open his heart so the hand. To day if ye hear his voice, harden prepared message will find fallow ground? not your heart" (Ps. 95:1-8). It has been said that the Presbyterian Any deviation from this order of service Church could never have existed had its has through the ages generally been a the- fate depended only on its preachers, that ological failure. even though the Presbyterian minister is "But," says the minister, "I am following better educated than many of his fellows, only the commandment that was given me even though he does all the praying, de- to let the dead bury their dead: but go livers the Scripture reading, and preaches thou and preach the kingdom of God' a great intellectual sermon, the Presbyte- (Luke 9:60) and 'go, preach, saying, The rian Church would have foundered centu- kingdom of heaven is at hand' (Matt. ries ago had it not been for its hymnbook. 10:7); for which purpose 'the Lord hath Again, it has been said that John Wesley's anointed me to preach good tidings' (Isa. "sermon a day" could never have rocked 61:1). Also," the minister hastens to add, England or America had he not been "with Paul I must say, 'Woe is unto me, if helped by his brother Charles who wrote I preach not the gospel!' (1 Cor. 9:16), more than six thousand hymns. `whereunto I am ordained a preacher, and Remove the hymnbook, close up the or- an apostle' (I Tim. 2:7)." gan, and disband the choir and we may see To such a dedicated minister, however, all sermons fall flat and the worship in our we would call attention to other scriptural church dry up. Yes, the church can still be texts. Perhaps a statistical study could be a wonderful place for quiet reflection and of some benefit. Admitted that the preacher for hearing the gospel, or a place for mak- is important in any church, yet the word ing our prayers, but the spontaneity of the preacher appears in the English Bible only natural emotion of genuine religion and eleven times while the word singer (s) ap- the common release of the heart as found pears thirty-six times; the commandment in song would be gone. We would have to preach is given only six times while the

34 THE MINISTRY commandment to sing to the Lord, to shout, to rejoice, to praise, or to make a joyful noise, et cetera, is given more than five hundred times; and given in other forms such as -eth, -ing, -ful, et cetera. These verbs appear an additional one thousand times. First, let me say that the MINISTRY has not only been a boon to my ministry but a welcome Such examples of the latter forms as "serve service that a young evangelist appreciates 4,712 the Lord with gladness," "Come before his feet up in the hills in the capital of the Shan presence with singing," "Enter into his State. With only a handful of believers in this gates with thanksgiving," et cetera, are used new field, its monthly arrival—from six to eight to modify other verbs, and while not de- weeks patient waiting—is eagerly sought. tracting from their own importance, they I have read with keen interest the series in are giving emphasis to the verbs "serve," answer to Walter Martin's book. All the writers "come," and "enter." have done an excellent work in defending the pillars of our faith. I cannot help believing that Such a repetition of commandments to this is the truth and that the Lord has truly been be joyful, as thus found throughout the with this people in Bible exegesis. How reason- Bible, would suggest the importance of able, logical, and plain is our message! this as a daily habit, that each should sing Although I have come to know by sight most or make a joyful noise unto the Lord at of the editorial staff, your January feature of the least once daily, a habit of earlier Chris- complete group was good. We like to know what tians now perhaps falling into disuse as our the Association people look like.—Keith R. Mundt, homes become filled with the raucous tones Mandalay, Burma. of the radio and TV. What is more important than singing? Many thanks for the wonderful MINISTRY. I Is prayer? The commandment to pray oc- certainly appreciate beyond words this monthly curs in the Bible less than forty times, and product. The kind yet straightforward handling of even the well-known commandment to Walter Martin is commendable. Thank God for "pray without ceasing" is preceded by "Re- the grace and love of Adventist writers.—A. Galla- joice evermore" and followed by "In every gher, Dundas, New South Wales, Australia. thing give thanks" (1 Thess. 5:16-18). We must not, of course, conclude too much Recently we asked for suggestions that might from statistical comparisons. be of help to certain ministers with their retirement I would not propose to dictate how any problems. We have a number of suggestions from minister should relate himself to his flock the field, and we are happy to relay them to you. or advise him how to preach to them his Most of those who answered indicate that some God-given sermons; but I would suggest sort of preparation should be made for retirement that careful consideration be given to the before it comes, either in the nature of hobbies or possibility of putting a greater emphasis part-time work. It does seem as though the man who can employ his time in nothing but the work on singing and on making a joyful noise to he has done all his life is at a distinct disadvantage. the Lord. Music has always been effective In a few cases this kind of disadvantage is pitiful, in preparing the hearts of the flock to re- as, for example, when a man cannot busy himself ceive the sermons, or in other words it pre- around his own home with a little repair work, pares the fallow ground for the seed. lawn mowing, gardening, et cetera. It is obviously We should also note the psychological a great mistake for such men to move to some impact of each one's being a participating rural area away from a church, town, or Adventist member. Such participation encourages institution of some sort. the feeling of "togetherness," and the im- One of the most helpful replies came from Pastor Jesse Clifford, who is now retired in Eng- portance of this must not be underesti- land after thirty years of mission service in Africa. mated if the church is to remain active. He says, "My reply is that retirement is happy So let us put more emphasis on sacred when associated with a small church. I do not be- song as an integral part of family and lieve it is the Lord's plan for retired ministers or church worship. It will lift us all to God for church members to settle in our large centers. and prepare the hearts of our listeners for In our experience, after thirty years of mission the message God has given us for them. service in West Africa, and five years as pastor of our three churches in Birmingham, my wife and I retired in Worcester some six years ago. Here we Be more prompt to go to a friend in adversity have a house in the country, with garden and fruit than in prosperity.—Chilo. trees, yet only four and one-half miles from a city center. Our fellowship with church mem- OCTOBER, 1961 35 hers is inspiring. We can help them and they in- ing truth that God makes His character spire us. The challenge of feeding the flock with available for every repentant sinner, thus things new and old is an encouragement for study equipping the believing saint with the only and research in God's Word, so there is no danger valid passport to heaven, the charis of God. of body or mind rusting from disuse. Without running a public campaign, but visiting in the REFERENCES homes of members and friends, souls are being 1 Ellen G. White, Fundamentals of Christian Education, added to the church year by year; and the p. 386. 2 A. T. Robertson, A Grammar of the Greek New Testa- membership is actively planning to erect a church ment in the Light of Historical Research, p. 115. building of its 3 J. H. Thayer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New own in place of the rented hall Testament, p. 665. situated on the second floor of a back-street build- H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ing. Words cannot tell of the satisfaction that p. 1569, 1849 edition. 3 /bid., p. 1978, comes through the voluntary giving of oneself to 8 J. Strong, The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, help a small but faithful community of believers, "Greek Dictionary of the New Testament," p. 77, section 5463. and I am sure there are many such communities, 7 Liddell and Scott, op. cit., p. 1978. not only in Britain but in the United States and J. H. Moulton and G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, p. 685. other countries where a retired minister would be 9 W. R. Nicoll, editor, Expositor's Bible, Galatians, pp. welcomed and where he would have no chance to 148, 149, 10 J. H. Thayer, op. cit., p. 666. be bored with life." 11 Thayer, ibid. H. W. L. 12 Henry Alford, The Greek Testament, vol. 2, p. 343. 13 Ibid., vol. 3, p. 126. 14 Thayer, loc. cit. 13 Alford, op. cit., p. 314. "Ibid., p. 713. The Wonderful Charis of God r, Ibid., p. 418. 10 Robert Young, Analytical Concordance to the Bible, p. 431. (Continued from page 21) 19 Richard C. Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, p. 160, 1915 edition. EXEC.; is extended to them as they are miserable. 23 Philippians 1:2. The lower creation may be and is the object of 21 Ellen G. White, Christ's Object Lessons, p. 271. God's 0,ao;:, inasmuch as the burden of man's curse has redounded also upon it (Job xxxviii:41; Ps. clxvii:9; Jonah iv:11), but of His xe(Qtg man The Significance of Baptism alone; he only needs, he only is capable of receiv- (Continued from page 27) ing it. 2:12). In the physical realm burial follows In the Divine mind, and in the order of our sal- a man's death; so in the spiritual world the vation, the grace must go before the mercy, the believer is said to go down into the watery ztitcu; must make way for the ntog. It is true that grave, there to bury the former life, which the same persons are the subjects of both, being at once the guilty and the miserable; yet the right- has passed away with the acceptance of eousness of God, which it is just as necessary should Christ. The symbolism here is well chosen be maintained as His love, demands that the guilt by the apostle, for in physical death the be done away before the misery can be assuaged; normal procedure is to be lowered into the only the forgiven can, or indeed may, he made grave, face upward, there to be covered happy; whom He has pardoned, He heals; men are completely by earth. In spiritual death, as justified before they are sanctified. Thus in each the figure of baptism represents, the be- of the apostolic salutations it is first xcicug and liever is lowered into the water face up- then nao; which the apostle desires for the faithful ward and is completely immersed. (Rom. 1:7; 1 Cor. 1:2; Gal. 1:3; Eph. 1:2; Phil. 1:2, etc.); nor could the order of the words be reversed? Baptism Signifies Entrance Into a New Life The Pauline greeting Charis humin kai Here the symbolism that is linked with eirene" is a beautiful way of summarizing the previous point renders the figure com- the function of charis in the New Testa- plete. Not only are we buried with Christ ment. Unless the individual is the recipient in baptism but "like as Christ was raised up of the charis of God he cannot have peace. from the dead by the glory of the Father, Reversing the order of the phrase would even so we also should walk in newness of necessitate the statement that peace will life" (Rom. 6:4). This new life represents come as the result of grace, i.e., charis is a higher level of human experience in the prime essential; all else depends there- which new values and desires replace the upon. former sinful desires. We become "partak- Ellen G. White speaks of "grace" in these ers of the divine nature" (2 Peter 1:4) be- words: "To learn of Christ means to re- cause in accepting Christ we have been ceive His grace, which is His character." given "power to become the sons of God" This definition of grace equates it with the (John 1:12). The animating force behind character of Jesus and emphasizes the amaz- (Continued on page 39) 36 THE MINISTRY BIBLE INSTRUCTOR

Discussions on the Contemporary Religions of America—No. 6

Our Friends the Congregationalists

LOUISE C. KLEUSER

N THE year 1931 the Con- ernment. Church and state then presented a I gregational and the Christian stern intolerant regime, causing the banish- churches discovered that while ment from their colony of Anne Hutchinson they had been separated for and Roger Williams. Often Quakers and Bap- many years, they were identical tists alike were in trouble until in 1689 the Act in their ideals and principles. of Toleration brought relief. A merger of the two bodies was Thomas Hooker in 1636 led a group of one then brought about, with a for- hundred to what is now Hartford, Connecticut. ward look toward soon merging with the Evan- He had drawn up a freeman's agreement that gelical and Reformed Church. We can well un- was later used as a model for the American derstand why the Congregationalists have given Constitution. Many New England colonists had strong leadership for the union of churches in clashed views with Jonathan Edwards' rigid both the National and World Council of Calvinism. When the Great Awakening in 1734 Churches. brought the eloquent George Whitefield on the Recent historians have proved that Robert scene, Edwards' vigorous writings continued, Browne and other separatist leaders developed to become a part of the American classics. Con- beliefs similar to the early Congregationalists, gregationalists had an active part in the Revo- but that the two groups were then wholly dis- lutionary War. They also contributed strength tinct. John Robinson was one of the early influ- to higher education, missions, the formation of ential leaders of Congregationalism. He was a a national council, and a statement of beliefs. separatist until he met the distinguished Con- Great colleges were founded, such as Harvard, gregationalist theologian, William Ames, and Yale, Dartmouth, Williams, Amherst, Bowdoin, Henry Jacob, a pamphleteer and organizer. and Middlebury. In 1953 there were forty- Both had fled British ecclesiastical pressure. eight colleges and ten theological seminaries of They were instrumental in converting Robin- Congregational origin. son from separatism to their faith. Missions in America For more than a decade Robinson's congrega- tion had enjoyed peace and freedom under the Interest in missions began with the landing Dutch. In 1620 this group sailed on the historic of the Pilgrims. Men like the Mayhews, David Mayflower to found the American common- Brainerd, and John Eliot worked among the wealth. Their venture into the New World Indians, and printed the Bible and a catechism may have been slow and painful, but it is to this in their language for them. By 1674 there were group that the United States owes its freedom four thousand "praying Indians" in New Eng- of state, its schools, and its social and political land. These were taught by native preachers. life. The organization of the American Board for Between 1630 and 1640 the Puritans arrived Home and Foreign Missions, with representa- in Massachusetts and numbered some twenty tives from the Presbyterians, Dutch Reformed, thousand. Some had come from England and and Associate Reformed churches, became an some from the Netherlands, to establish on interdenominational project. At this time we American soil an all-powerful theocratic gov- should fit into the picture the famous "hay- OCTOBER, 1961 37 stack" meeting at Williams College in Mas- sachusetts, when five young missionaries were first sent abroad. It was a noble beginning that GOSPEL TENTS soon sent another thirty to foreign fields. Per- STEEL-CLAD TABERNACLES haps the more history-making venture was the SMITH MANUFACTURING CO., DALTON, GA. Christianizing of beautiful Hawaii. Congrega- Over 50 Years in Business tional influences and education taught a mixed- race people, and within a quarter of a century, the religion of the Bible. The secrets of racial day, however, only about 4 per cent of their harmony, understanding, and Christian help- ministers are women. The principle holds fulness were learned from the Book. A whole throughout that where women can give better nation was taught to read and to write. This service than men, according to New Testament laid a solid foundation for constitutional and usage they should be recognized, without dis- democratic government, so that today Hawaii tinction in ecclesiastical status, and some who is marked as a great sociological experiment are "called" should be ordained for ministerial with due credit to the church. leadership. The example of the Congregation- alists in this practice has influenced a sector of Growth and Expansion Protestantism to the extent that woman's work As the Congregationalists moved westward in recent decades has been greatly dignified with the Presbyterians to save duplication of within the Protestant churches. This attitude on missionary effort, these two groups adopted a the part of church officials is drawing conse- union plan. By 1850, however, the Presbyterians crated womanhood into seminaries for theologi- were stronger in the then-known West, but the cal training. Another branch of service points Congregationalists were in the lead in New up her aptitude for clerical skills, so important England. With the establishment of Unitari- today in the well-organized, large city church. anism in 1825, the older Congregational From various indications there seems to be a churches in eastern Massachusetts, with one ex- growing emphasis on the need for consecrated, ception in Boston, had gone Unitarian. trained ministerial vocations for hospital and By 1871 Congregationalism had grown to the home visitation and counseling. These church extent that there was need for a guiding body, vocations for young women of the future are which became known as the General Council of already offering new challenges for Christian Congregational Christian Churches. It helped women interested in a church career. to unify the objectives of the churches func- But Congregationalism shows both liberal tioning in this connection. Congregationalists and conservative elements. Their Plymouth have been adaptable. Their large youth work Rock heritage has characterized them as a peo- became the Christian Endeavor, an interna- ple who were pious, hardy, and conservative; tional society known all over the world, with and they loved learning. Today Congregational decidedly interdenominational tendencies. It is ministers and Jewish rabbis exchange pulpits claimed by them that Congregationalists re- regularly in many cities, both servants of the main Puritans, having a passionate regard for church claiming the same ethical emphasis on truth. They have been called the world's great- the brotherhood of man. Congregationalists est creed makers. While allowing freedom to sincerely stress that fraternity with non-Chris- each local congregation to make its own creed, tians expresses true Christian belief. and claiming affinity for Catholicism, they do Our Changing Times not recognize the sovereignty of the pope, al- though admitting the Roman Catholic Church Although Americans may trace some of the is one of the true branches of Christianity. grass roots of their heritage in Congregational- They disclaim the Roman or Anglican apostolic ism, they recognize, nevertheless, various succession per se, believing that the whole strange by-products, reactions, and paradoxes Church of Christ is the succession from the from the original pattern. Some may be justi- apostles. The humblest church member can fied in thinking that the propositions of con- dispense the richness of the grace of Christ as temporary movements indicate that America is well as the greatest prelate. (See A Guide to the fast losing its Protestant identity. This may be Religions of America, Simon and Schuster, N.Y.) due to the fact that America has become the greatest national and racial melting pot of the Equalities of Congregationalism world. Congregationalists on American soil advo- New England may be a good illustration of cated woman's place in ministerial service. To- this, for the question is often asked: "Where is

38 THE MINISTRY the typical New Englander of earlier times?" dare not scatter our interests so broadly that What happened to the people who first colo- we to whom this ministerial, soul-saving service nized its territory? Has not the Yankee turned is given will let other pressures consume our over his farms to the whims of city vacationists time so that soulsaving receives secondary at- who relax on his antique furniture? Are not his tention. We should remember that this is our traditional landmarks now "shrines" to attract real work! more tourists and sight-seers? Are his churches At the close of our discussion on Congrega- and colleges of yesteryear changing their reli- tionalism we would again refer to the far-vi- gious emphasis, and why? Have not the streams, sioned Congregationalist missionaries who un- hills, and shores of beautiful New England at- der God performed miracles in their day. Let tracted other national and racial groups, and us refer to their noble work when we visit with many who have long forgotten God, who in Christians of this faith in our communities. It their wild frenzy for a higher standard of living will produce a friendly atmosphere. It may also have never caught the vision of the first Ameri- stimulate a new interest for another generation can colonists in their struggle for civil and re- of Congregationalists to now help the "church ligious liberty? universal" to complete the message of the ever- While this area under our foregoing discus- lasting gospel. Throughout the world we must sion was the first American home of the Con- make ready a people to meet our soon-coming gregationalists, is it not true that mankind is Saviour. Many sincere Congregationalists will not yet Godlike? Despite the church's best ef- respond to such an invitation on the part of forts for brotherhood, there seems to be more their Seventh-day Adventist neighbors. deterioration than progress heavenward. Amer- ica needs a revival! The Significance of Baptism America's Eastern seaboard is fast becoming a chain of cities, many of them overcrowded. (Continued from page 36) What a glorious opportunity for the church to this new life is revealed by Paul in Gala- evangelize, before the elements that are pressing tians 2:20, where he says, "And the life in take over the Bible religion that should sur- which I now live in the flesh, I live by the vive. Bear in mind that "churchianity" is not faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and Christianity, and that institutions built by those gave himself for me." who call themselves Christians may serve the Finally, the newly baptized believer who poor and heal the sick but may fail to actually is "risen with Christ" out of the watery save the lost. grave will reveal this by his desire to "seek Is not this the hour of opportunity for our those things which are above," and he will Missionary Volunteers and for all welfare and set his "affection on things above, not on socially-minded Christians to evangelize? Youth- things on the earth." There is now a new ful voices should be raised against America's power at work. common foe—intemperance! This task requires more than preparing for a prize in an oratori- Through the power of Christ men and women have broken the chains of sinful habit. They have cal contest, meritorious as such an incentive is; renounced selfishness. The profane have become indeed, it must embrace the call for conse- reverent, the drunken sober, the profligate pure. crated, zealous youth, with a true burden for Souls that have borne the likeness of Satan have souls. Let these fall into line and learn, so as become transformed into the image of God. This not to miss the more important service in deal- change is in itself the miracle of miracles. A ing with the problems of alcohol, narcotics, change wrought by the Word, it is one of the deep- and tobacco—that of loving, intelligent, per- est mysteries of the Word. We cannot understand sonal evangelism. It must lead to a full sur- it, we can only believe, as declared by the Scrip- render of obedience to Christ our Master. tures, it is "Christ in you, the hope of glory."— The Acts of the Apostles, p. 476. The church in any community must be more than a distributing center for food and clothing, a source of relief when calamities strike. Useful THE and basic as these ministries are, we must offer LITTLE GIANT HOTOMATIC GAS WATER HEATER NO. 3 in each case the bread from heaven, the water Will supply all the hot water needed for Baptistries, Church Kitchens, Rest Rooms. of life, the robe of Christ's righteousness, and Heats 450 CPH, 200 rise in temperature. the eternal security of the new earth. Bible in- Inexpensive, too. structors should do all they can to minister to Write for free folder. Dept. M-24. LITTLE GIANT MFG. CO. bodily needs, but should never forget that their 907 7th Street Orange, Texas true calling is to save both body and soul. We

OCTOBER, 1961 39 SHEPHERDESS -- Her Vital Partnership

Candles in the Night No. 3

LOUISE C. KLEUSER

HE sixteenth-century Reformation became were also trying hours, such as when death en- Tone of the greatest crises of the Christian tered her domain and snatched away her child. church. Decisive issues were at stake, and some Then it was that stricken Kate slipped away to of the noblest examples of living the "newly re- her prayer closet, for the cloister dwelling never vealed" doctrine of righteousness by faith were crowded out her communion with Christ, her women associated with the leaders of the move- true Lord and Master. ment. Woman's candle shone the brighter in the The biographies of Luther and Katharina gloom of those Reformation times! are many, and their praises are well sung. The latter even has gone on record as a staunch A Reformation Partnership Reformation witness. At the death of Luther, One of Martin Luther's jovial appellations Kate's grief almost felled her spirits. Immedi- for his wife was the title "Master Kate." Katha- ately she had to flee from the approaching sol- rina von Bora, formerly a nun, had accepted diers who burned the sheds and destroyed her this former monk as her life partner. Adventist garden and orchard. Later, when the war ended, women are generally acquainted with this in- she and her family returned to the old cloister, teresting romance that was a small part in the but it was to face a different life. Back taxes al- lives of two strong characters destined to change most engulfed her, but kind friends, many of the history of the medieval church. them having lost almost everything themselves, Master Kate was a woman of leadership in came to her aid and supplied her immediate the domestic realm, with grace and wit to oil needs. Later Kate boarded the university stu- at times the jarring machinery of external op- dents. In service for these young people she re- position. Her noble "lord and master," as she gained her tranquillity of mind and lost her fondly referred to Luther, who, under the con- anguish and grief. Her "Luther Bible" was her tinuous strain of controversy, tended to moods constant stay. In a much larger sense Kate car- of discouragement, needed her household tran- ried the role of "mother" for the church. Un- quillity. Besides a growing family, the Luther stintingly she spent herself for her people until home harbored relatives and student boarders; earth's pilgrimage was passed. Her deathbed and the professor of theology, now the de- prayer breathes the essence of a fully sur- fender of the Protestant faith and penman of rendered life. Having committed her children to its controversial issues, needed a solid domestic the merciful care of her heavenly Father, Mas- pillar and an intelligent counselor. Here Kate ter Kate asked for the same favor upon His ably led out in a masterful fashion. church. She thanked God for the trials through Kate Luther had the ability to make a drab, which she had been led, and heroically wit- deserted cloister a homey dwelling for her fam- nessed that He had never forsaken or forgotten ily. By hard toil she raised a garden and planted her. Most touching is her request that the doc- a fruitful orchard. Often she improvised a trine God had sent through her husband "be refuge for migrants who had to flee because of handed down unadulterated to posterity." these new Reformation teachings. At times her home would become a veritable hospital. Reformation Hardships When the black plague was at its worst, she In 1519, and while still a priest, Huldreich skillfully applied medications and poultices. Zwingli, typical of his time, began preaching She was equally efficient at measuring out Deen, Great Women of the Christian Faith, p. 98, motherly discipline to the obstreperous. There Harper and Brothers, New York, 1959.

40 THE MINISTRY against clerical celibacy, monasticism, and Idelette's new home environment portended many other Romish practices. Three years later peace. he publicly celebrated his marriage to Anna Launching the Protestant cause was an ar- Reinhard, a Christian widow with three chil- duous undertaking. Martin Luther had writ- dren. This family had lived in a little court not ten pamphlets and books in defense of the new far from the church where Zwingli was preach- movement's position against Rome, and it be- ing the Reformation doctrines. They became came the work of Calvin to systematize these attentive listeners. Anna lovingly supplied the teachings in his Institutes. Calvin had studied needs of those who had to flee for their faith. law, and his logical thinking was a great con- The Zwingli marriage was a very happy one tribution to the Protestants who were much until the tragedy of Zwingli's death. With his misunderstood in their protest against the me- Bible under his arm he rode into the war as dieval church. chaplain, but was slain in an early battle. To Rebellious elements frequently raged in the add to Anna's great sorrow, in the same battle streets against Idelette's husband. She was often perished her son-in-law, her brother, and her forced to her knees, beseeching God's protec- brother-in-law. This multiple tragedy left her tion. She certainly had a part in praying without means of support, but in the provi- through the issues of that crisis hour. dence of the One in whom she trusted, this Calvin was not a robust man, and Idelette's noble toiler found lodging in the home of anxiety on his behalf was not an imaginary Heinrich and Anna Bullinger, now Zwingli's threat. During the short years of their marriage successor. The Bullinger's adopted son later four children came to bless this home, but all married Anna's daughter. died in infancy. Besides providing a shelter for the many fleeing refugees, Idelette's self-sacri- A Shelter in the Storm ficing life had an influence on these homeless Anna Bullinger at the age of eight years lost ones, and they helped to scatter the newly re- her father in battle. Simultaneously with con- vealed Bible truths in Holland, France, and flicts within the church, the state was in an up- Scotland. Her memory is dear to all Calvin- heaval. Her sick mother placed her in a convent ists. at that time and remained there herself. It was Heinrich Bullinger's sermons that caused a Exemplary Womanhood great stir behind the convent walls as some wel- Protestant women of the sixteenth century comed the new Reformation freedom; others, were hardly mystics; they characterized a more however, became greatly embittered. Bullinger practical type of Christianity. Some had fled there met Anna and later proposed marriage. cloistered walls, returning to their loved ones, But they waited for this until her mother's there to lead out as heads of Christian homes. death. As Bullinger's wife, Anna had to take her The foregoing women of this strenuous period part in his new responsibility and she shared of church history became stalwarts of the faith many Reformation hardships. Toiling and and educators of their sons and daughters. Obe- economizing to the limit, she cheerfully made a dience to God was the first principle of the home for refugees, among whom were Anna home; obviously, obedience to parents came Zwingli and her children. next. These mothers left some valuable les- Heinrich Bullinger was stricken with bubonic sons for our shepherdesses to emulate. History plague. Anna nursed him back to health and has a way of repeating itself! then succumbed to the epidemic herself. May we not believe that the Reformation shepherdesses often "entertained angels un- Reformation Ideals awares"? Classic hospitality, would you say? Idelette de Bures was left a widow with three These ministerial wives heroically faced separa- children during Europe's ravaging plague. Cal- tions from their husbands and often threats of vin had won Idelette's family to Reformation starvation. Their "investment" gardens were a teachings and later she became his wife. necessity for the survival of God's children, not Because of the importance of his position, the just an inspiring mission project for the Sab- wedding was a public occasion. Calvin had al- bath school. We have searched for traces of ready published his commentary on the book of vanity in dress and for other domestic extrava- Romans and other Bible literature. Immedi- gances; it would seem that they simply did not ately after their marriage he was called to the exist. Those of the fair sex had larger thoughts Protestant city of Geneva. There they made to engross their attention. These Reformation their home by the beautiful lake, with the in- women were like priestesses in their homes. spiring Alps as a background. Despite the times, Some originated catechisms, children's prayer OCTOBER, 1961 41 books, and hymnals. Music and song was the God's pattern! Will your candle, dear shepherd- Christian's joy; prayer was the everlasting ref- ess, continue to burn as brightly as did theirs? uge; the doctrines of the Bible settled all con- Bibliography flict and pointed the way back to God. Their Annie Wittenmeyer, The Women of the Reformation, missionary zeal held at bay any Laodicean Phillips and Hunt, New York 1885. Ruth Short, Meet Martin Luther, Zondervan Publishing apathy in the church. Ministerial women were House, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1959.

BOOKS -- For Your Library

Say "Yes" to Life, Anna B. Mow, Zondervan Pub- stories—two pages in length—which appear when- lishing House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1961, ever possible adjacent to or within the chapter of 152 pages, $2.50. the story being told. If the Bible text is followed, one simply skips these illustrated pages that have The author was persuaded by Eugenia Price, a a special appeal to children under eight years of Christian writer in her own right, to bring a mes- age. Even tots who cannot read will enjoy the ac- sage to those who know about being born into a tion-sequence pictures on these Bible story pages. new life but are puzzled by growing pains. "Anna This new children's Bible will not only be treas- Mow is a woman with five degrees, but she would ured by the young, but by everyone who works much prefer to have you know about her twelve with and loves children. DOROTHY EMMERSON grandchildren! Her message is dynamite to Phari- saism, fresh air to personalities smothered in dogma, Awake, My Heart! by J. Sidlow Baxter, Zondervan nourishment for growth to stunted souls, and a Publishing House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1960, green light to adventurous ones." So writes her 384 pages, $3.95. friend "Genie" in the introduction. This work contains daily devotional meditations Mrs. Mow is an ordained minister. She and her for the year. husband, Baxter, served as educational and evan- Australian by birth, brought to England at an gelistic missionaries for the Brethren in India, from early age, and trained for the ministry at Spurgeon's 1923 to 1940, specializing in Moslem work. The College, this preacher and Bible teacher, with a next eighteen years were given to teaching at Beth- Baptist background, has traveled in the United any Biblical Seminary in Chicago. More recently States and Canada. He writes out of a rich Chris- her contacts are the spiritual life retreats and Chris- tian experience characterized by simplicity in the tian education institutes. Here is a book of great midst of profundity. LOUISE C. KLEUSER interest to youth workers. She writes out of a deep Christian experience, a broad knowledge of God's Favorite Sermons of John A. Broadus, Harper and Word, and a true love for young people. The book Brothers, New York, 1959, 147 pages, $2.75. has a timely message. LOUISE C. KLEUSER John A. Broadus is well known to college and The Children's King James Bible New Testament, seminary students. He has been called one of the Modern Bible Translations, Inc., Evansville, Indi- Olympians of the American pulpit. His earlier ana, 688 pages, $6.95. works, The Preparation and Delivery of Sermons and A Harmony of the Gospels speak for them- For the first time a truly beautiful children's selves. More recently, however, Vernon L. Stan- Bible has been published. The fact that children field edited the material in Favorite Sermons of helped in its production has no doubt had a great John A. Broadus. The introductory chapter is deal to do with the clear, textbook readability titled "Preacher Extraordinary." It is a revelation found in its pages. The editors have carefully fol- of what made for strength and appeal in the Bap- lowed the Greek text, but in adapting it to chil- tist preaching ministry of John Broadus. The dren under fifteen years of age they have avoided study of his sermons, some in outline form, im- the use of obsolete words and confusing sentence mediately reveals how Broadus truly preached structure. It still contains the exact King James Christ, Without great doctrinal consciousness and Bible message, but should a younger child en- with surprising textual simplicity, but with a wide counter words that are difficult to understand, a recognition of his powerful presentations mainly in glossary of terms is provided at the back. a ministerial training community, John Broadus Teachers will be thrilled with this new Bible quietly elevated, reasoned, and appealed to youth for children, for besides the Bible text with its self- and maturity to keep taking another look at Christ. pronouncing words and names there is the added His Christlike life made his ministry powerful. feature of one hundred colorfully illustrated Bible LOUISE C. KLEUSER 42 THE MINISTRY

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* Unveils the startling present and future events of Bible Name prophecy Address * Outlines Cod's patterns for peace and personal power City Zone State a

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OCTOBER, 1961 43 NEWS - From Current Journals

[Unless otherwise credited, the following news items are the Gospels and the writings of the Jewish historian taken from Religious Nervs Seruice-3 Josephus Flavius, Caesarea was the capital of the ¶ The Right Reverend Austin Fulton, outgoing Romans in Palestine for about 500 years. moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly in Ireland, called upon Presbyterians to draw closer to A Charlotte, North Carolina, man, James Saxon, Roman Catholics in Christian charity. Although is giving up a S3 million-a-year business to enter noting that members of his denomination reject the ministry and devote the remainder of his life Catholic worship, as seen in the Mass and Marian to God. Head of Saxon's Inc., a vending-machine devotions, he pointed out that Catholics, "like our- firm with headquarters in Charlotte, North Caro- selves, worship the same Lord and follow the same lina, and with branch offices in High Point, North Christian way. . . . Because of this, we have far Carolina, and Florence and Charleston, South Caro- more in common with them than all those who lina, he is entering Union Theological Seminary at reject the Lordship of Christ, whether they call Richmond, Virginia, to begin a three-year course themselves atheists, materialists, agnostics, scien- that will qualify him as a Presbyterian minister. His tific humanists, or whatever," he added. Without wife and six children will accompany him to Rich- compromise in religious belief, Mr. Fulton said, mond. Mr. Saxon, in discussing his decision, said, Presbyterians should seek to find ways of coopera- "I guess I've thought about it always. I dismissed tion with Catholics in service to their fellow men. the thought every time I'd get it for the last two or three years. But it got so I couldn't dismiss it." He Evangelism efforts of Christian churches are fail- entered the vending-machine business after gradu- ing to keep pace with the world's population growth, ating from Davidson College, and in 11 years built the president of the Lutheran Free Church, Dr. it from a $800,000-a-year firm to a $3 million-a-year John Stensvaag, said. He told delegates to the enterprise. Church's annual national conference that while Christians now constitute 30 per cent of the world's ¶ William Cardinal Godfrey, Archbishop of West- population, the proportion is expected to shrink to minster, announced in London the appointment of 15 per cent by the year 2000. In his annual report the first official assistant chaplain to Catholic under- he called for greater work in behalf of missions both graduates at Oxford. Father Richard Incledon, a abroad and at home. He noted that the task on the lay undergraduate at Oxford for four years before home front "is not less challenging, surrounded as studying for the priesthood in Rome, has been we are by 73 million unchurched." Dr. Stensvaag named assistant to Father Michael Hollings. Ox- said pastors need to do a better job of putting their ford has had many "unofficial" assistant Catholic laymen to work in the ministries of the Church. chaplains over the years. A French priest, Father Only through such an extended ministry, he said, Yves Nolet, has been serving as assistant for several "can we hope to reach through to the lost world." years without official appointment; he is now re- turning to France. Priests among the undergradu- ¶ The first physical evidence of Pontius Pilate, the ates also have performed "unofficial" chaplain Roman procurator of Judea who delivered Christ duties. to be crucified, has been reported discovered on a stone near Caesarea about ten miles south of Haifa. ¶ An anticipated 350 church leaders and theo- The discovery was announced by Prof. Antonio logians from all parts of the world will meet in Frova, director of the antiquities department of 1963 under the auspices of the World Council of northern Italy, who said a University of Milan ar- Churches' Commission on Faith and Order to dis- cheological expedition came across it in the ruins cuss ways of bringing about Christian unity, it was of a Roman amphitheater. He said the name of the announced in Geneva. The conference, which will Roman procurator was found on a stone measuring also discuss the doctrine and organization of the 31 by 23 inches. Three lines had been carved on the churches, will take place in a Middle East city to stone. The first line said "Tiberium" and the sec- be designated later. The sessions will probably be ond "Pontius Pilate." The third line has not been held in July of 1963. deciphered. According to archeological and Biblical scholars, this is the first evidence to be found of the There are now more than 10 million members official whose name had been known only through in the Methodist Church in the United States. Dr. 44 THE MINISTRY

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OCTOBER, 1961 45 Harry Denman, general secretary of the Methodist gational Christian Churches' General Council and General Board of Evangelism, reported here that the Evangelical and Reformed Church. The move as of June 26 membership in the church had required involved organizational and constitu- reached 10,010,671. This figure, he said, was based tional deliberations that began with the formation on membership reports from 73 of the denomina- of the General Synod, the national governing body tion's approximately 100 annual conferences. of the new church, in Cleveland four years ago. ¶ A rising interest in religious liberty around the Preceding that was a 17-year period of conversation world was reported by Dr. C. Emanuel Carlson, between leaders and agencies of the two denomina- Washington, D.C., executive director of the Baptist tions. The constitution was approved by 750 dele- Joint Committee on Public Affairs. Dr. Carlson, gates to the third biennial General Synod at a who also is chairman of the commission on religious Fourth of July session. The mood of the assembly liberty and human rights of the Baptist World was that the action was one of the most significant Alliance, said there is more discussion of the sub- in post-Reformation history. ject now than at any time in modern history. He ¶ Delegates to the triennial meeting of United addressed the annual meeting of the Baptist Gen- Presbyterian Women were cautioned against efforts eral Conference in St. Paul, Minnesota. He said to find "a bargain basement religion." Dr. Arthur R. Baptists will watch closely the discussion of reli- McKay, president of McCormick Theological gious liberty at the Second Vatican council in Seminary in Chicago, told the 5,000 delegates that Rome planned by Pope John and at the Third it is "uncomfortably close to truth" that Americans Assembly of the World Council of Churches in are seeking "religion at a discount." In his dis- New Delhi, India. "Recent theological writings cussion on stewardship he said that Americans within the Roman Catholic Church have been "say to God: All things come of Thee, 0 God, dealing intensely with the question of religious and of Thine own have we given Thee—after every- liberty—not merely as an expedient adjustment thing else which concerns us has been taken care to circumstances but as an insight that grows out of—our clubs, our smokes and drinks, our weekly of the gospel," he said. Protestants, he added, will movies, our furs, and our new cars." be interested in watching whether this theological interest will be reflected in administrative practice. The International Convention of Christian Churches (Disciples of Christ) has accepted with- Osservatore Romano, Vatican City newspaper, out delay an invitation from the newly consti- is now 100 years old. One of the world's most widely tuted United Church of Christ to hold conversa- quoted periodicals, and also one of the most in- tions looking to a merger of the two denominations. tensely read, Osservatore is not an official Vatican An immediate reply to the invitation, extended organ, but it is generally regarded, nevertheless, by the United Church at its biennial Gen- as the voice of the Church. The Vatican Post Office eral Synod in Philadelphia, was made by the Dis- is issuing a new series of postage stamps commemo- ciples from the denomination's headquarters in rating the paper's centenary. Meanwhile, the Vati- Indianapolis, Indiana. The Disciples said they can Radio in a special broadcast recalled that would have a representative committee ready to Osservatore, as a staunch upholder of human dig- hold merger talks with the United Church's Stand- nity and moral values, had attracted particular ing Commission on Christian Unity, and would attention in recent decades for its fearless opposi- also seek to "stimulate discussions of possible union tion first to Fascism and Nazism and now to among our local churches." The Disciples of Christ Communism. denomination, one of this country's major Prot- ¶ The 11,000-member National Evangelical Lu- estant groups, has about 8,000 congregations and 2 million communicants. theran Church (NELC) has decided to merge with the 2,469,000-member Lutheran Church-Missouri Nationalization of all Roman Catholic parochial Synod. Delegates to the NELC's 63d annual con- and other private schools in Cuba has been com- vention barely gave the required two thirds major- pleted, the Ministry of Education announced in ity to the merger proposal at the final business Havana. It is said the schools have been officially session. The vote was 112 to 49. incorporated in "the educational system of the nation," including "the totality of their proper- ¶ America's oldest Christian foreign missionary ties, rights, and stocks." society took on a new name and assumed a new responsibility as the worldwide representative of the United Church of Christ. The American Board "If God is alive, then the Bible is His voice. No of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, founded other work is as worthy of being considered a in 1810 by New England Congregationalists but manifestation of His will. There is no other mir- always operated as an interdenominational, inter- ror in the world where His will and spiritual guid- racial agency, voted to become the Board for World ance are as unmistakably reflected. If the beliefs in Ministries of the United Church. the immanence of God in nature are plausible, then ¶ The 2 million-member United Church of Christ the belief in the immanence of God in the Bible is declared its constitution in force at a historic, compelling."—Rabbi Abraham J. Herschel, God in climactic session in Philadelphia. It marked the Search of Man, p. 245. formal consummation of the union of the Congre-

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OCTOBER, 1961 47 BAPTISMAL The baptism of minors slowly sinks into a routine inertia, a deadening QUALIFICATIONS often raises the question mechanical acceptance of things that have been whether this child or that but which are no more. is too young to understand the solemn spiritual "Intellectual laziness is sin, and spiritual lethargy implications of baptism. Christianity Today, May is death."—Testimonies, vol. 4, p. 399. That is a 22, 1961, carried a long review of a book on the devastating sentence. Lethargy is a devastating mal- atonement by J. S. Whale, in the course of which ady, however much the spiritually dying love it. the reviewer, Samuel J. Mikolaski, associate pro- It takes a resurrection to annihilate lethargy. fessor of theology, New Orleans Baptist Theological H. W. L. Seminary, made this succinct comment: "Baptists do not believe in 'adult' baptism, but in baptism GRAHAM, WESLEY, In one broadcast mes- as the issue of faith on the part of the candidate MOODY sage today, Billy Graham whatever his age." can reach more listeners This accords with our views on the subject, aptly than heard John Wesley or D. L. Moody in fifty expressed in Mrs. E. G. White's words: "After faith- years of their arduous travels. Apart from TV and ful labor, if you are satisfied that your children radio, Graham has demonstrated that large-scale, understand the meaning of conversion and bap- personal, public evangelistic campaigns are by no tism, and are truly converted, let them be baptized." means finished. —Testimonies, vol. 6, p. 94. Care should be exer- Public evangelism takes more of many things cised in ascertaining for certain that the point of today—more courage, more devotion, more educated conversion has been reached, and we should be approaches, more logical reasoning, and certainly equally careful not to delay till age suppresses the more prayer-born love for the souls of men. These convictions of the child and dims his love for are things that do not come through machinery. Jesus. H. W. L. They are given only to utterly committed men. H. W. L.

LETHARGY An amusing story was relayed by NEWS NOTE OR an Anglican to a national confer- LITURGY ence of Presbyterian men, and re- Evangelist Billy Graham told 450 clergymen in ported in "Letters to the Laos," Minneapolis, Minnesota, to "come back to the sim- January-February, 1960. plicity of the gospel" and not let themselves be A woman told an Anglican rector that she wished divided by the ideas of leading theologians. He to join his church. "My dear woman," he said, said Protestant ministers have become confused "you've been a Presbyterian all your life. Now you and ineffective in trying to follow the theologies tell me you wish to become an Anglican. What of such men as Paul Tillich, Reinhold Niebuhr, makes you think you want to make such a change Karl Barth, Emil Brunner, Rudolf Bultmann, and at your time of life?" Carl Henry. Each of these men, be noted, has "Because I just adore your lovely Anglican leth- German background, adding: "Every few years a argy," replied the woman. new theological system is developed by a new This story was told and received in good humor. German." He reported that Dr. Henry, editor of But the story has more than humor for all Chris- Christianity Today and a conservative theologian, tians. gave a lecture series at Union Theological Seminary, Liturgy signifies, as the editor of the journal in New York, which was "a sensation." He said a question points out, engagement in forms of wor- student had told him the reason was that "nobody ship, and the acknowledgment that ideally the could understand him." Dr. Graham called on the worshiper's whole being is involved in the worship clergymen, who came from denominations as di- of God. vergent as Episcopal and Pentecostal, "to preach Lethargy signifies indifference, boredom, uncon- the certainties of the gospel." "If you have doubts, cern, laziness, and thus disengagement from God's don't share them with your congregations," he worship and from His service. advised. "When I stand up to preach, I never have There is a spiritual anemia in the air, a con- a doubt." sciousness that everything is vanity. This malady may attack us whether we follow liturgical forms or not. It may come to one who, having stood The top is reached by topping yesterday's ef- loyal to his church and his God for long years, fort!—Anonymous.

48 THE MINISTRY