Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XX: a New Genus and 16 New Species from French Guiana

Zootaxa 4814 (1): 001–136 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4814.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:15CFB5E4-B48B-4DD9-A49E-D52BBC9ACC34

ZOOTAXA

4814

Studies on neotropical Phasmatodea XX: A new genus and 16 new species from French Guiana

OSKAR V. CONLE1, FRANK H. HENNEMANN2, YANNICK BELLANGER3, PHILIPPE LELONG4, TONI JOURDAN5 & PABLO VALERO6 1Am Freischütz 16, 47058 Duisburg, Germany. �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5609-5107; Website: www.phasmatodea.com 2Tannenwaldallee 53, 61348 Bad Homburg, Germany. �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6547-4704; Website: www.phasmatodea.com 3La Ville-Jouy, 22250 Trédias, France. �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-8704 4La Ferradou n°3, 31570 Sainte-Foy-d`Aigrefeuille, France. �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9073-4512 595 chemin des Chevêches, 74150 Vallières, France. �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6576-4472 6Aachrain 1, 87534 Oberstaufen, Germany. �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5471-3458; Website: www.phasmatodea.com

Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand

Accepted by B. Mantovani: 25 May 2020; published: 14 Jul. 2020 OSKAR V. CONLE, FRANK H. HENNEMANN, YANNICK BELLANGER , PHILIPPE LELONG, TONI JOURDAN & PABLO VALERO Studies on neotropical Phasmatodea XX: A new genus and 16 new species from French Guiana (Zootaxa 4814) 136 pp.; 30 cm. 14 Jul. 2020 ISBN 978-1-77670-989-2 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77670-990-8 (Online edition)

FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2020 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] https://www.mapress.com/j/zt

© 2020 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use.

ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition)

1. Abstract...... 3 2. Introduction...... 4 3. Material and methods...... 5 3.1. Abbreviations...... 5 4. ANAREOLATAE...... 6 4.1. Diapheromerinae: Diapheromerini ...... 6 4.1.1. Phanocles Stål, 1875 ...... 6 4.1.2. Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001...... 12 4.2. Cladomorphinae: Cladomorphini...... 16 4.2.1. Cladomorphus Gray, 1835...... 16 4.2.2. Hirtuleius Stål, 1875 ...... 20 5. AREOLATAE...... 24 5.1. Pseudophasmatinae: Stratocleini...... 24 5.1.1. Parastratocles Redtenbacher, 1906 ...... 24 5.2. Pseudophasmatinae: Paraprisopodini...... 33 5.2.1. Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906...... 33 5.3. Xerosomatinae: Prexaspini ...... 42 5.3.1. Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906...... 42 5.3.2. Isagoras Stål, 1875...... 54 5.3.3. Paragrostia n.gen...... 61 5.3.4. Prexaspes Stål, 1875...... 68 5.4. Prisopodinae...... 85 5.4.1. Dinelytron Gray, 1835...... 86 5.4.2. Prisopus Le Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 ...... 93 6. Summary...... 124 7. Preliminary checklist of species recorded from French Guiana...... 124 8. Taxonomic summary...... 127 8.1. List of new taxa...... 127 8.2. List of taxonomic changes...... 128 8.3. List of designated Neotypes and Lectotypes...... 132 9. Acknowledgements...... 132 10. References...... 132

1. Abstract

The present paper describes 16 new species and one new genus from French Guiana and numerous taxonomic changes are proposed prior to the publication of a comprehensive guide to the Phasmatodea of French Guiana. The following 16 new species are described and illustrated: Phanocles procerus n. sp., Phanocloidea lobulatipes n. sp., Cladomorphus guianensis n. sp., Hirtuleius gracilis n. sp., Parastratocles rosanti n. sp., Parastratocles fuscomarginatus n. sp., Paraprisopus apterus n. sp., Paraprisopus multicolorus n. sp., Agrostia longicerca n. sp., Isagoras similis n. sp., Paragrostia brulei n. sp., Prexaspes globosicaput n. sp., Prexaspes guianensis n. sp., Dinelytron cahureli n. sp., Prisopus clarus n. sp. and Prisopus conocephalus n. sp.. The new genus Paragrostia n. gen. is established for the newly described Paragrostia brulei n. sp. and Paragrostia flavimaculata (Heleodoro, Mendes & Rafael, 2017) n. comb. the latter of which is here transferred from Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906. Fifty-six new combinations are proposed with species transferred to other genera: Bacteria pallidenotata Redtenbacher, 1908, is transferred to Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (n. comb.); Bacteria maroniensis Chopard, 1911 is transferred to Phanocles Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Cladomorphus gibbosus (Chopard, 1911) is transferred to Hirtuleius Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Stratocles soror Redtenbacher, 1906, Parastratocles lugubris (Redtenbacher, 1906) and Parastratocles cryptochloris (Rehn, 1904) are transferred to Brizoides Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Stratocles xanthomela (Olivier, 1792), Stratocles forcipatus Bolívar, 1896 and Stratocles tessulatus (Olivier, 1792) are transferred to Parastratocles (n. comb.); Olcyphides cinereus (Olivier, 1792), Perliodes affinis Redtenbacher, 1906, Perliodes nigrogranulosus Redtenbacher, 1906, Perliodes sexmaculatus Redtenbacher, 1906, Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835), Isagoras sauropterus Rehn, 1947, Brizoides viridipes (Rehn, 1905) and Brizoides graminea Redtenbacher, 1906 are transferred to Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Agrostia flavimaculata Heleodoro, Mendes & Rafael, 2017 is transferred to Paragrostia n. gen. (n. comb.); Isagoras affinis Chopard, 1911, Isagoras chocoensis Hebard, 1921, Isagoras metricus Rehn, 1947 and Isagoras schraderi Rehn, 1947 are transferred to Tenerella Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Xerosoma glyptomerion Rehn, 1904 is transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Isagoras venosus (Burmeister, 1838), Paraphasma paulense Rehn, 1918 and Paraphasma quadratum (Bates, 1865) are transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Prexaspes

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · (Prexaspes) cneius (Westwood, 1859) is transferred to Tenerella Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Prexaspes lateralis (Fabricius, 1775) is transferred to Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Isagoras santara (Westwood, 1859) and Prexaspes olivaceus Chopard, 1911 are transferred to Periphloea Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Dinelytron agrion Westwood, 1859 is transferred to Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Anarchodes atrophicus (Pallas, 1772) is transferred to Ignacia Rehn, 1904 (n. comb.); Planudes asperus Bellanger & Conle, 2013, Planudes brunni Redtenbacher, 1906, Planudes cortex Hebard, 1919, Planudes crenulipes Rehn, 1904, Planudes funestus Redtenbacher, 1906, Planudes melzeri Piza, 1937, Planudes molorchus (Westwood, 1859), Planudes paxillus (Westwood, 1859), Planudes perillus Stål, 1875, Planudes pygmaeus (Redtenbacher, 1906) and Planudes taeniatus Piza, 1944 are transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Prisopoides atrobrunneus Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020, Prisopoides brunnescens Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020, Prisopoides caatingaensis Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 and Prisopoides villosipes (Redtenbacher, 1906) are transferred to Prisopus Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 (n. comb.); Melophasma antillarum (Caudell, 1914), Melophasma brachypterum Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011, Melophasma colombianum Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011 and Melophasma vermiculare Redtenbacher, 1906 are transferred to Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Prexaspes (Elasia) ambiguus (Stoll, 1813), Prexaspes (Elasia) brevipennis (Burmeister, 1838), Prexaspes (Elasia) pholcus (Westwood, 1859), Prexaspes (Elasia) viridipes Redtenbacher, 1906 and Prexaspes (Elasia) vittata (Piza, 1985) are transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 (n. comb.). Twenty-six new synonymies are established: Perliodes Redtenbacher, 1906 and Chlorophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 are synonymised with Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. syn.); Chlorophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. syn.); Elasia Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Prexaspes Stål, 1875 (n. syn.); Prisopoides Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 is synonymised with Prisopus Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 (n. syn.); Melophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. syn.); Bacteria crassipes Chopard, 1911 is synonymised with Bacteria pallidenotata Redtenbacher, 1908 (n. syn.); Perliodes grisescens Redtenbacher, 1906 and Metriophasma (Metriophasma) pallidum (Chopard, 1911) are synonymised with Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792) (n. syn.); Perliodes nigrogranulosus Redtenbacher, 1906 and Metriophasma (Metriophasma) ocellatum (Piza, 1937) are synonymised with Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.); Isagoras chopardi Hebard, 1933 is synonymised with Tenerella cneius (Westwood, 1859) (n. syn.); Isagoras proximus Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Isagoras glyptomerion (Rehn, 1904) (n. syn.); Chlorophasma hyalina Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Agrostia graminea (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. syn.); Isagoras nitidus Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Anisa flavomaculatus (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.); Prexaspes acuticornis (Gray, 1835) is synonymised with Prexaspes servillei (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.); Prexaspes nigromaculatus Chopard, 1911 is synonymised with Periphloea santara (Westwood, 1859) (n. syn. ); Prexaspes (Elasia) janus Kirby, 1904 is synonymised with Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.); Prexaspes dictys (Westwood, 1859) is synonymised with Prexaspes brevipennis (Burmeister, 1838) (n. syn.); Parastratocles aeruginosus Redtenbacher, 1906: 107 is synonymised with Parastratocles forcipatus Bolívar, 1896 (n. syn.); Parastratocles carbonarius (Redtenbacher, 1906: 106) is synonymised with Parastratocles lugubris (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. syn.); Prisopus spinicollis Burmeister, 1838, Prisopus spiniceps Burmeister, 1838 and Prisopus cornutus Gray, 1835 are synonymised with Prisopus ohrtmanni (Lichtenstein, 1802) (n. syn.); the genus Planudes Stål, 1875 is synonymised with Isagoras Stål, 1875 (n. syn.); Pseudophasma annulipes (Redtenbacher, 1906) is synonymised with Pseudophasma blanchardi (Westwood, 1859) (n. syn.); Ignacia appendiculatum (Kirby, 1904) is synonymised with Anarchodes atrophicus (Pallas, 1772) (n. syn.). Isagoras obscurum Guérin-Méneville, 1838 is shown to have been erroneously synonymised with Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835) and is here re-established as a valid species (rev. stat.). Pseudophasma castaneum (Bates, 1865) is re- established as a valid species here (rev. stat.). Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 and the entire tribe Paraprisopodini are transferred to Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae (n. comb.). Lectotypes are designated for Perliodes grisescens Redtenbacher, 1906, Isagoras plagiatus Redtenbacher, 1906. Neotypes are designated for Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792), Prexaspes ambiguus (Stoll, 1813), Prisopus horridus (Gray, 1835) and Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792).

Key words: Phasmatodea, French Guiana, new genus, new species, new combinations, new synonyms, checklist

2. Introduction

Due to its history as a French colony since the 17th century and overseas department subsequently, great sections of the entomological fauna of French Guiana are quite sufficiently researched if compared to other regions of South America. However, although there is plenty of material in various European museums the Phasmatodea have re- mained quite poorly studied. The first two species from French Guiana were described by Linnaeus (1758) and Olivier (1792), the taxon described by Linnaeus being amongst the first three described of all Phasmatodea. Further

· Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. taxa were described by Serville (1838) and Redtenbacher (1906 & 1908). A more comprehensive study restricted to taxa from French Guiana was published by Chopard (1911), which covered the Orthoptera that had been collected in the Maroni Province by M. E. Le Moult during 1908 and now in the collection of MNHN (Paris). Amongst almost 4000 Orthoptera this collection includes numerous Phasmatodea and several large series of different species, of which Chopard described eleven as new to science. Since Chopard’s 1911 publication no further research on the phasmid fauna of French Guiana has been undertaken but several extensive collections were carried out by members of the French “Groupe d´Etude des Phasmes” in 1992 and 1993. In addition to Le Moult’s extensive collection and mostly single specimens collected by various people, this material is housed in the MNHN (Paris). Lelong et al. (1993: 11) provided a checklist of the taxa described from French Guiana and reported on the aforementioned ex- peditions undertaken during 1992 and 1993. The most recent paper that predominantly dealt with taxa from French Guiana is a revision of the genus Phantasca Redtenbacher, 1906 by Hennemann, Conle, Bellanger, Lelong & Jour- dan (2018), which described five new species of this genus from the country. With only 28 species originally described from French Guiana the phasmatodean fauna previously did not appear to be very rich, but due to the lack of natural borders, the fauna shows strong influence from the faunas of Brazil, Suriname and Guyana. Not surprisingly, numerous species originally described from these adjacent regions have recently also been recorded from French Guiana, which increases the number of species that occur in French Guiana to 73. This is shown by a comprehensive investigation of the very extensive material of Phasmatodea from French Guiana now available (see: Material & methods). Several of the species described and known to occur in French Guiana are the type-species of genera which gives them particular importance for the systematic under- standing and taxonomic arrangement of the whole neotropical Phasmatodea. A study of the Phasmatodea of French Guiana has revealed the need of numerous taxonomic changes throughout many neotropical taxa with genera and species representing new synonyms or having been misplaced previously. Consequently, many of the taxonomic changes and new synonymies proposed herein are not exclusive to French Guianese taxa but also affect taxa from throughout most of the neotropical region. In addition to numerous taxonomic changes 16 new species are described from French Guiana and a preliminary up to date checklist of species as well as a detailed bibliography are provided in the present study, which is meant to clarify taxonomic issues prior to the publication of a comprehensive guide to the stick insects from French Guiana in progress by the authors.

3. Material and methods

Apart from the necessary type-specimens, the following study is based on examination of the complete material collected by M. E. Le Moult in 1908 (MNHN), the material collected by the “Groupe d´Etude des Phasmes” in 1992 and 1993 (MNHN), recent collectings of the ASPER team (MNHN and Coll ASPER-YB &-PL) from Saül in 2013, Route de Kaw and Réserve Naturelle Nationale de la Trinité in 2016, St Laurent-du-Maroni and many other places in 2015 and 2017 and the very extensive material that became available by numerous collectings conducted and still on-going by the S.E.A.G. Furthermore, other important specimens from various museums and private collections and a collection carried out by the two first authors in 2001 (coll. FH & OC) have been examined. The study has received support from all corresponding curators of museum collections visited. Type-material is listed in the synonymic chapter of the species. Further examined non-type material is listed separately. The data of examined specimens is reproduced perfectly as on the labels. The material used for this study is invariably dried and pinned. Insects and eggs were examined using different magnifying glasses and binocular microscopes. Measurements are given to 0.1 mm and were taken using a ruler and a digital calliper. Eggs were examined at 10x magnification. All eggs examined were fully developed and already laid. The plates were made using Photoshop CC 2018. The terminology used to describe egg structures follows that of Clark-Sellick (1997). Lectotype and neotype designations are justified and in accordance with article 74 and 75 of the ICZN (1999).

3.1. Abbreviations

AMNH: American Museum of Natural History, Department of Entomology, New York / USA. ANSP: Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania / USA. DZUP: Coleção Entomológica Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná / Brazil.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · ESALQ: Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, São Paulo / Brazil. ETHZ: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Entomologisches Institut, Zürich / Switzerland. FSCA: Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville / USA. CEIOC: Coleção Entomológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro / Brazil. MHNG: Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva / Switzerland. MNCN: Museo Nacional de Ciencas Naturales, Madrid / Spain. MNHN: Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris / France. MNHU: Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin / Germany. MZUSP: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo / Brazil. NHMB: Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel / Switzerland. NHMUK: Natural History Museum, London / Great Britain. NHMW: Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien / Austria. OXUM: Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford / Great Britain. RMNH: Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden / Netherlands. RNV: Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo, Linhares / Brazil. SMNS: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart / Germany. SMTD: Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden / Germany. UMMZ: University Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbour, Michigan / USA. UFRJ: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro / Brazil. UWI: University of the West Indies, Sainte-Augustine, Trinidad. USNM: United States National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C. / USA. ZMUH: Zoologisches Museum und Universität Hamburg / Germany. ZSMC: Zoologische Staatssammlung, München / Germany. FH: Private collection of Frank H. Hennemann, Bad Homburg / Germany. OC: Private collection of Oskar V. Conle, Duisburg / Germany. PL: Private collection of Philippe Lelong, Sainte-Foy-d`Aigrefeuille / France. TR: Private collection of Rosant Thibault / French Guiana. YB: Private collection of Yannick Bellanger, Trédias / France. ASPER: Association pour la Systématique des Phasmes et l’Etude de leur Répartition, Sainte-Foy- d`Aigrefeuille / France. HT: Holotype. AT: Allotype. PT: Paratype. ST: Syntype. LT: Lectotype. PLT: Paralectoptype. NT: Neotype.

4. ANAREOLATAE

4.1. Diapheromerinae: Diapheromerini

4.1.1. Phanocles Stål, 1875

Type-species: Bacteria burkartii Saussure, 1868: 65, by subsequent designation of Kirby, 1904: 353.

Stål (1875b: 28) originally established Phanocles for the two Mexican species Bacteria burkartii Saussure, 1868 and Bacteria aetolus Westwood, 1859, of which Kirby (1904: 353) designated the first as the type-species. Redten- bacher (1908: 412) was the first who misinterpreted Phanocles and erroneously synonymised it with Bacteria Ber- thold, 1827 (Type-species: Mantis ferula Fabricius, 1793). Zompro (2001: 197) re-established Phanocles and was the first who recognized some of the characteristic features that distinguish Phanocles from closely related genera. However, the new diagnosis provided by Zompro (2001: 196) is inaccurate in several aspects, which apparently

· Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. resulted from a lack of material. Zompro (2001) only listed two species in Phanocles but in fact numerous further species currently attributed to various other genera belong in Phanocles, which multiplies the number of species that need to be incorporated in Phanocles. Some have already been transferred or were newly described by Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez (2011). A full treatment of the genus is in progress by the two first authors and will include many taxonomic changes, which also have effect on the definition of the true distributional range. One species from French Guiana, Bacteria maroniensis Chopard, 1911, is here transferred to Phanocles in order to allow proper distinction of the species newly described herein (n. comb.). A description of the previously unknown ♂♂ of P. maroniensis is in progress by the two first authors.

Species of Phanocles recorded from French Guiana:

Phanocles procerus n.sp. [French Guiana] Phanocles maroniensis (Chopard, 1911: 345) n. comb. [French Guiana, Suriname]

Key to the species of Phanocles from French Guiana

♂♂ / ♀♀ 1. Head distinctly bi-cornute ...... P. maroniensis - Head without horns...... P. procerus n. sp.

Phanocles procerus n. sp. (Figs. 1–2)

Bacteria arumatia, Serville, 1838: 223 Chopard, 1911: 343 Phanocles sp., Jourdan, Lelong & Bellanger, 2014: 489

HT, ♀: GUY13-048, 8–23.X.2013, Guyane fr.—Saül, rec. ASPER, coll. ASPER; GUY13-048, Saül—Guyane, 08–21 X 2013, Col. ASPER: Y. Bellanger, T. Jourdan & P. Lelong [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♂: GUY13-049, 8–23.X.2013, Guyane fr.—Saül, rec. ASPER, coll. ASPER; GUY13-049, Saül—Guyane, 08–21 X 2013, Col. ASPER: Y. Bellanger, T. Jourdan & P. Lelong [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♂♂: Phanocloidea baculus (Olivier, 1792). E. Delfosse. 10/05 [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♂: E. Delfosse, dét. 10/05; Phanocles procerus, Conle et al., n. sp., paratype, det. Hennemann et al. II.2017 [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♀: (penultimate instar): Mai; Guyane Française, Guatmala, Coll Le Moult; Museum Paris, Collection Lucien Chopard 191; Bacteria arumatia Stoll [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♀: (penultimate instar): Janvier; Guyane Française, Nouveau-Chantier, Coll Le Moult; Museum Paris, Col- lection Lucien Chopard 191 [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75 m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.05.2013 [coll. OC 0346-1]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé, 4°02’N–52°41’W, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 2010 [coll. OC, No. 0346-2]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Camopi, Bergmassiv Sommet Tabulaire, Mount Itoupé, N 03°01’23’’ W 053°05’44’’, 570m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 2010 [coll. OC, No. 0346-3]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75 m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 2010 [coll. OC, No. 0346-4]. PT, 1 ♂: Ex Zucht O. Conle 2016, Französisch Guyana: Saül, leg. ASPER team 8–23.10.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0346- 5]. PT, 1 ♂: Ex Zucht O. Conle 2016, Französisch Guyana: Saül, leg. ASPER team 8–23.10.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0346- 6]. PT, 1 ♂: Ex Zucht O. Conle 2016, Französisch Guyana: Saül, leg. ASPER team 8–23.10.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0346- 7].

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · PT, 1 ♀ (nymph): Ex Zucht O. Conle 2016, Französisch Guyana: Saül, leg. ASPER team 8–23.10.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0346-8]. PT, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀: ex Zucht S. Eilmus XI.2016, F3-Generation, Herkunft: Franz. Guayana, Saül, leg. J.L.B. X.2013 [coll. FH, No‘s 0963-1 to 3]. PT, 17 eggs: ex Zucht Y. Bellanger 2014, F1-Generation, Herkunft: Franz. Guayana, Saül, leg. J.L.B. X.2013 [coll. FH, No‘s 0963-E]. PT, 1 ♀ (penultimate instar): Französisch Guyana, Montagnes de Roura, Piste de Kaw, 200 m, 4°38‘N 52°16‘W, 26.09.2001, leg. Hennemann & Conle [coll. FH, No. 0963-4]. PT, 1 ♀ (nymph): GUYTRI16-018, Guyane, Réserve Naturelle Nationale de la Trinité, Layon A, N4°36’3,1’’;W53 °25’3,2’’, alt. 119m, 04.XI.2016, rec. & det. P. Lelong & Y. Bellanger [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♂: GUYKAW16-048, Guyane fr.—route de Kaw, Camp Caïman—PK22 depuis Roura, 12.XI.2016, rec. ASPER P. Lelong & Y. Bellanger, in coll. ASPER [ASPER-PL]. PT, 1 ♂ (nymph): GUYKAW16-049, Guyane fr.—route de Kaw, Camp Caïman—PK28 depuis Roura, N4°34’11,7 ’’;W52°12’41,8’’, alt. 300m, 11.XI.2016, rec. ASPER P. Lelong & Y. Bellanger, in coll. ASPER [ASPER-PL]. PT, 1 ♀ (nymph): GUYKAW16-050, Guyane fr.—route de Kaw, Camp Caïman—PK27 depuis Roura, N4°34’12,4 ’’;W52°12’52,5’’, alt. 300m, 09.XI.2016, rec. ASPER P. Lelong & Y. Bellanger, in coll. ASPER [ASPER-PL]. PT, 23 eggs from: GUY13-048, 2013 [ASPER-YB]. PT, 5 eggs: VIII-2014, col. & leg. Christian Bouladou-Dupré [YB]. PT, 2 eggs from: GUY13-048, 2013 [ASPER-PL].

Further material [7 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀]: FRENCH GUIANA: 3 ♀: Phanocles sp, Guyane, Saül, I-2015, Elevage F1 Y. Bellanger [ASPER-YB]; 1 ♀: Phanocles procerus, Guyane, Saül, Elevage Y. Bellanger—16.II.2017 [ASPER-YB]; 2 ♂: Phanocles sp, Guyane, Saül, I-2015, Elevage F1 Y. Bellanger [ASPER-YB]; 1 ♂: Phanocles sp, Guyane, Saül, 24-IX-2014, Elevage F1 Y. Bellanger [ASPER-YB]; 2 ♂: Phanocles sp, Guyane, Saül, X-2014, Elevage F1 Y. Bel- langer [ASPER-YB]; 2 ♂: Phanocles sp, Guyane, Sinnamary, route menant au sentier de St Elie, VIII-2014, col. & leg. Christian Bouladou-Dupré [YB]. Etymology. The name “procerus” (lat. = slender, elongate) refers to the very slender and elongate shape of this new species. Differentiation. Readily distinguished from P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) (n. comb.) by the lack of cephalic horns in both sexes, the much shorter subgenital plate, lack of lateral lobes of abdominal tergum VII and unarmed outer ventral carinae of the mesofemora of ♀♀ as well as the larger poculum, shorter anal segment and more decidedly laterally deflexed abdominal tergum IX of ♂♂. Description. ♀ (Fig. 1). Medium-sized (body length incl. subgenital plate 174.0–184.0 mm), very slender species for the genus with a smooth thorax, no distinct cephalic armature and entirely unarmed legs. Colour various shades of mid to dark brown, often with irregular greyish speckles and mottling on body and legs. Head: Almost sub-spherical, strongly globose, broadest just behind the eyes; vertex convex and weakly bi- globose, smooth. Frons with two small impression between the bases of the antennae. Eyes circular in outline and projecting hemispherically; their length about 2.1x in that of genae. Antennae long, filiform and very thin; almost reaching to posterior margin of abdominal tergum II. Scapus compressed dorsoventrally, roughly rectangular in outline and almost 2x longer than wide. Pedicellus subcylindrical, gently constricted towards the apex and only about half the length of scapus. Thorax: Pronotum shorter and just a little more than half the width of head; rectangular in outline but gently narrowed pre-medially and slightly widened post-medially. Transverse median sulcus indistinct, straight and not reaching lateral margins of segment. Entire disc with an impressed median line, which gradually disappears towards the posterior margin. Mesothorax very elongate, slender, uniform in width and almost 10x longer than prothorax; entirely smooth. Mesonotum with a very weakly indicated longitudinal carina near lateral margins and mesosternum very weakly tectinate longitudinally. Metanotum somewhat less than 1/3 the length of mesonotum; smooth. Abdomen: Median segment smooth, gently widened in the posterior half and 1.2x longer than metanotum and about 1.1x longer than segment II. II–VII uniform in width, parallel-sided. III equal in length to II, III–V increasing in length with V longest and about 5.2x longer than wide. VI–VII slightly decreasing in length. Tergum VII with the lateral margins just very weakly widening and deflexed towards the posterior. Sterna II–VII with a fine longitudinal carina near lateral margins. Praeopercular organ indistinct and merely formed by a slightly rounded expansion of the

· Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. two lateral carinae. Tergum VIII about 2x longer than IX, the latter transverse. Anal segment roundly rectangular in dorsal aspect, almost parallel-sided and with a fairly well defined and acute longitudinal median carina over entire length. Posterior margin with a shallow median impression, the two outer portions broadly and weakly rounded. Epiproct very small, scale-shaped and slightly tectinate longitudinally. Cerci very small and conical with a fairly acute apex. Gonapophysis VIII elongated, very gently up-curving and considerably projecting beyond apex of anal segment and subgenital plate. The latter with a prominent lamellate lateral keel in basal portion, the apical portion gently tectinate longitudinally; apex bluntly rounded to slightly indented and projecting over apex of abdomen by less than 1/3 the length of anal segment. Legs: All long, slender and distinctly carinate, the meso- and metafemora and tibiae very gently down-curving; all entirely unarmed except for three minute apical denticles on medioventral carina of meso- and metafemora. Both outer ventral carinae of meso- and metafemora deflexed into a blunt, triangular tooth apically. Profemora roughly equal in length to mesothorax, metafemora reaching some ¾ along abdominal segment IV and metatibiae reaching to segment VII. All basitarsi with a distinct, roundly triangular lobe dorsally, which is most prominent on probasitarsi and least distinct on metabasitarsi; somewhat longer than following three tarsomeres combined. Measurements HT [mm]: Body 186.0, head 6.0, pronotum 5.1, mesonotum 41.5, metanotum 13.4, median segment 16.1, profemora 37.2, mesofemora 31.2, metafemora 36.8, protibia 41.8, mesotibia 34.8, metatibia 42.2, antennae 76.6. Measurements PT [mm]: Body (incl. subgenital plate) 174.0–184.0, body 172.0–182.5, pronotum 4.9–5.0, mesonotum 41.5–45.0, metanotum 12.8–13.0, median segment 14.8–15.3, profemora 41.5–43.0, mesofemora 34.2– 35.0, metafemora 37.5–40.0, antennae 91.0. ♂ (Fig. 2). Moderately sized for the genus (body length 103.0–109.5mm), form very slender and delicate, with long and slender, unarmed legs and alae that reach to posterior margin of abdominal segment III. Colour ochraceous or greyish mid brown, most of two terminal terga pale cream to white (IX with a washed black marking laterally). Head with characteristic colouration: vertex pale brown, genae with a broad dark brown postocular streak and the portions above and below this streak pale cream or straw. Mesonotum with a very fine, dark brown longitudinal lateral line. Tegmina and costal region of alae of same colour as body; each with the anterior margin pale yellow. Anal region of alae translucent grey. All femora dull red or reddish brown basally, the meso- and metafemora with three, the corresponding tibiae with two pale washed annulae. Head: Generally as in ♀♀ but the vertex less decidedly bi-globose, smooth. Frons with a sharply defined, trapezoidal impression between bases of antennae. Eyes very large, projecting more than hemispherically and each eye is 1.2x as long as the genae. Antennae as in ♀♀ and almost reaching apex of abdomen. Thorax: Pronotum as in ♀♀ but with a deep pit at each anterolateral angle; much narrower and slightly shorter than head. Mesothorax very elongate and slender, almost 9x longer than prothorax. Mesonotum smooth but with a fine longitudinal median keel and a fine longitudinal carinae some distance off the lateral margins. Meso- and metasternum with a blunt longitudinal median keel. Tegmina slender, spatulate and somewhat narrowed in basal half, the central portion with a small but fairly acute conical hump. Alae almost reaching posterior margin of abdominal segment III. Abdomen: Median segment 4.3x longer than metanotum and almost 1.6x longer than segment II. Segments II– VII uniform in width but slightly constricted medially, II–IV slightly decreasing in length, IV–VI roughly equal in length and VII some ¾ the length of VI. Sterna II–VII with a fine longitudinal median carina. Tergum VIII gradually widened towards the posterior, IX indistinctly longer and constricted medially with the lateral margins noticeably and increasingly deflexed towards the posterior. Anal segment only about half the length of IX and not longer than wide; the posterior margin somewhat labiate, swollen, broadly rounded and with a fairly distinct median indention. Inner portion of ventral surface of posterior margin densely armed with small, black denticles. Epiproct very small and fully hidden under anal segment. Vomer almost an isosceles triangle in outline with a short, up-curving terminal hook; the median portion concave in longitudinal direction and the entire ventral surface with fine transverse ridges. Cerci slender, cylindrical in cross-section with the apical portion very gently up-curving; hardly projecting beyond posterior margin of anal segment. Poculum roundly cup-shaped, moderately convex with the posterior margin somewhat narrowed, slightly labiate and almost reaching to posterior margin of tergum IX. Legs: All very long and delicate, entirely unarmed. Profemora about as long as head, pro- and mesothorax combined, metafemora almost reaching posterior margin of abdominal segment V and metatibiae projecting considerably beyond apex of abdomen. Basitarsi very elongate and longer than remaining tarsomeres combined (probasitarsi in particular).

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · FIGURE 1. Female (HT) and egg (PT) of Phanocles procerus n. sp. a–b. habitus: a. lateral; b. dorsal; c–d. head, pronotum and mesonotum: c. lateral; d. dorsal; e–g. apex of abdomen: e. ventral; f. lateral; g. dorsal; h–j. egg: h. dorsal; i. lateral; j. frontal.

10 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 2. Male (PT) of Phanocles procerus n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. dorsal; b. lateral; c. ventral; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. dorsal; e. lateral; f. ventral; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. dorsal; h. lateral; i. ventral; j. wing in dorsal view.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 11 Measurements PT [mm]: Body 100.5–109.5, pronotum 2.8–3.4, mesonotum 25,7–26–1, tegmina 4.6–5.1, alae 32.4–34.8, profemora 33.2–36.1, mesofemora 26.7–30.1, metafemora 30.1–33.4, antennae >74.0–92.0. Eggs (Fig. 1). Of average size and fairly typical for the genus. Capsule 1.65x longer than wide and 1.5x longer than high, the dorsal surface considerably more convex than ventral surface, oval in cross-section. Entire surface covered with an irregular, dense network of blunt, very minutely granulose ridges; pits in between smooth and slightly glossy. Polar-area with a shallow impression. Anterior margin somewhat lowered towards the dorsal surface. Micropylar plate elongate, about 0.7x the length of capsule, very gently widening towards the posterior and placed in centre of dorsal capsule surface; outer margin strongly swollen and the inner surface sculptured like capsule. Micropylar cup positioned at lower end of plate, the median line formed by a low bulge that almost reaches the polar-area. Operculum oval and bearing a strongly convex and globose, hollow capitulum which has the upper portion irregularly perforated; surface smooth. Raised ridges of capsule dull black, the lowered spaces in between very dark brown. Capitulum ochraceous mid brown. Measurements PT [mm]: overall length 4.0, length of capsule 3.4, width 1.9, height 2.3, length of micropylar plate 2.4. Comments. This species has already been recorded from French Guiana by Serville (1838: 233) and Chopard (1911: 343) but was misidentified as “Bacteria arumatia (Stoll, 1813)”, which is a synonym of Phanocloidea baculus (Olivier, 1792). While the ♀ from Cayenne recorded by Serville was not traced in MNHN, the two penultimate instar nymphs listed by Chopard are here designated as paratypes of P. procerus (n. sp.). Jourdan, Lelong & Bel- langer (2014: 489) have already suggested this to be an as yet undescribed species. Live eggs laid by the ♀ HT were brought back to Europe for breeding purposes in 2013. Captive breeding has proven fairly difficult but at least three generations have so far been reared successfully using bramble (Rubus fru- ticosus, Rosaceae) as an alternative food plant. The hatching rate of the first generation was close to 100% and the incubating time was 4–6 months at average temperatures of 18–20°C. While ♂♂ reached maturity in about 5–5,5 months, the ♀♀ took almost two months longer. ♀♀ start laying eggs about two weeks after their final moult. Distribution. Commune de Saül, Saül [ASPER, MNHN, coll. FH]; Commune de Kourou, Guatemala (= Kourou) [MNHN]; Commune de Saint-Laurent-du Maroni, Nouveau Chantier [MNHN]; Commune de Roura, Montagnes de Roura, Piste de Kaw [coll. FH]; Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [coll. OC]; Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé [coll. OC]; Commune de Camopi, Montagnes de Sommet Tabulaire, Mount Itoupé [coll. OC]; Sinnamary [YB].

4.1.2. Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001

Type-species: Bacteria nodulosa Redtenbacher, 1908: 416, by original designation.

Zompro (2001: 196) established Phanocloidea for sections of Bacteria sensu Redtenbacher, 1908 (not Bacteria Ber- thold, 1827) and Bostra sensu Redtenbacher, 1908 (not Stål, 1875) and selected Bacteria nodulosa Redtenbacher, 1908 as the type-species. However, the generic diagnosis provided by Zompro (2001: 196) is inaccurate and incomplete in several aspects, which apparently resulted from a lack of material. Zompro (2001: 196) originally listed ten species in Phanocloidea, but several of these are not congeneric with the type-species P. nodulosa (Redtenbacher, 1908) and belong elsewhere. Several further species currently attributed to other genera however belong in Phano- cloidea and four Colombian species have been added by Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez (2011). A full treatment of the genus is in progress by the two first authors and will include many taxonomic changes, which have considerable effect on the definition and distributional range of the genus. One species from French Guiana, Bacteria pallidenotata Redtenbacher, 1908, is here transferred to Phanocloi- dea in order to allow proper distinction of the new species described below (n. comb.). Bacteria crassipes Chopard, 1911 is found to be conspecific with B. pallidenotata and is therefore synonymised here (n. syn.).

Species of Phanocloidea recorded from French Guiana:

Phanocloidea lobulatipes n. sp. [French Guiana] Phanocloidea muricata (Burmeister, 1838) [French Guiana, Northern Brazil and Suriname] Phanocloidea pallidenotata (Redtenbacher, 1908) n. comb. [French Guiana, Northeast Brazil]

♂♂ 1. Apterous...... muricata - wings present...... 2 2. Prominent granules on mesonotum and dorsolateral lobes on posterior margin of abdominal tergum V &VI...... lobulatipes n. sp. - Mesonotum smooth with a longitudinal dorsomedian black line; abdominal tergites without lobes ...... pallidenotata

♀♀* 1. Mesonotum at best bearing some small granules; small lobes on posterior margin of abdominal tergum V & VI. pallidenotata - Mesonotum bearing prominent spines; abdominal tergum V& VI without lobes...... muricata

* the ♀ of Phanocloidea lobulatipes n. sp. is not known so far.

Phanocloidea lobulatipes n. sp. (Figs. 3–4)

HT, ♂: HOLOTYPE; MNHN-EO-PHAS563; 15; PK37, 22.VII.93, A3S4 N°3, P.E. Roubaud det.; proche de Pha- nocloidea pallidenotata ♂, det. E. Delfosse 10/05; Phanocloidea lobulatipes, Conle et al. n. sp., holotype, det. Hennemann et al. II.2017 [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♀ (nymph): Guyane, Montagne de Kaw, 5.–12.VIII.92, Roubaud, Auvray, Rarchaert rec. [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75 m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.09.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0342-1]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75 m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 21.08.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0342-2]. PT, 1 ♂: Aoút 2005 á vue, Vige Esperance, St Laurent du Maroni, Th. Rosant (Guy. Fr.) [coll. TR, No. 3960]. PT, 1 ♂ (nymph): GUYKAW16-066, rec. & det. P. Lelong & Y. Bellanger, in coll. ASPER; GUYKAW16-066— 12.XI.2016, Guyane fr.—route de Kaw, Camp Caïman—PK22 depuis Roura [MNHN].

Etymology. The name refers to the lobed legs of this very distinctive new species. Differentiation. ♂♂ are very similar to P. pallidenotata (Redtenbacher, 1908) (n. comb.) but differ by the somewhat more elongate head, presence of blunt tubercles and lack of a longitudinal black streak on the mesonotum, prominent posteromedian lobes of abdominal terga V and VI, presence of sub-basal lobes on the two outer ventral carinae of the mesofemora and distinctively lobulated meso- and metatibiae. The lobulated legs and presence of blunt mesothoracic protuberances also seem to distinguish ♀♀ from related species, but so far no adult ♀ has become available and this distinction must be regarded preliminary. Description. ♂ (Figs. 3–4). Size average (body length 122.3–138.0 mm), form fairly stocky for the genus, with a flattened head, well developed alae and distinctively lobate legs. Colour greyish (HT) or ochraceous (PT) pale to mid brown, the meso- and metafemora and tibiae each with two broad pale grey transverse bands. Head with a fine dark postocular line on genae. Longitudinal median keel of the meso- and metasternum pink. Tegmina and costal region of alae plain mid brown, the tegmina with a faint washed pale grey to whitish marking in apical half of anterior margin. Anal region of alae translucent grey. Antennae dull reddish brown. Head: About 1.4x longer than wide, broadest at the eyes with the genae very gently narrowing towards the posterior; vertex flattened and smooth. Two small, shallow impressions between the bases of the antennae. Eyes moderately large, circular in outline and projecting hemispherically; each eye is 1.5x as long as the genae. Antennae long and filiform, reaching to abdominal segment III. Scapus somewhat compressed dorsoventrally, rectangular in shape and about 1.3x longer than wide. Pedicellus sub-globose and considerably shorter than scapus.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 13 FIGURE 3. Male (PT) of Phanocloidea lobulatipes n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. dorsal; b. lateral; c. ventral; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

Thorax: Pronotum about equal in length but noticeably narrower than head, rectangular, elongate and about 1.7x longer than wide; transverse median sulcus shallow, gently curved and just not reaching lateral margins. Meso- thorax long, slender and almost 6.5x longer than prothorax. Mesonotum weakly tectinate longitudinally and smooth except for two pairs of blunt, conical tubercles in the anterior 1/3, the posterior pair of which is considerably more prominent than the anterior. Mesopleurae occasionally with two or three small tubercles (both paratypes). Meso- and metasternum with an acute longitudinal median carina, which however is less defined on metasternum. Meta- pleurae smooth. Tegmina narrowed in basal half, somewhat truncated apically and with a fairly prominent, roundly conical central hump. Alae reaching to posterior margin of abdominal segment IV. Abdomen: Median segment 4x longer than metanotum and almost 2x longer than segment II. II–VII gradually decreasing in length with II about 4.5x and VIII only 4x longer than wide. Terga V and VI with a prominent, scale-like posteromedial swelling. Sterna II–VI weakly tectinate longitudinally, VII and VIII with a fairly acute longitudinal median carina. Tergum VIII trapezoidal in dorsal aspect with posterior margin almost 2x wider than anterior margin. IX equal in length with the lateral margins very strongly deflexed to form a large, ventrally directed triangular lobe, which ventrally projects by more than the actual height of tergum. Anal segment only 2/3 the length of IX, roundly quadrate in dorsal aspect with the lateral margins slightly expanded medially; the posterior margin with the outer angles somewhat protruded and the median portion very weakly indented. Ventral surface of the protruded outer posterior angles set with several minute reddish brown denticles. Cerci small, sub-cylindrical, slightly up-curving and just not reaching posterior margin of anal segment. Vomer elongated, triangular in shape with a very deep longitudinal median furrow and a fairly short but acute, somewhat up-curving terminal hook. Phallus with a long, papillate projection. Poculum large, strongly convex and reaching to base of anal segment; the posterior margin slightly incised medially with the outer portions distinctly deflexed and labiate to form two rounded, slightly downward directed lobes. Legs: Long and fairly stocky with characteristic lobes. Profemora about as long as head, pro- and mesothorax combined, mesofemora a little longer than mesothorax and metafemora projecting over posterior margin of abdominal segment IV. Meso- and metafemora with a more or less distinct lobe some 1/3 off the base on both outer ventral carinae, that of the anterior carina simple and that of the posterior carina may be bi- or trilobate (all weakly developed in HT). Posterodorsal carina with a flat, rounded lobe apically. Posterodorsal carina of meso- and metatibiae with two rounded lobes medially and a wide, irregularly undulate lobe apically. Basitarsi almost as long as remaining tarsomeres combined, the dorsal carina gently raised and weakly rounded. Measurements HT [mm]: Body 137.3, pronotum 4.2, mesonotum 28.6, metanotum 5.9, median segment 25.3, tegmina 8.5, alae 54.0, profemora 36.7, mesofemora 30.0, metafemora 35.3, antennae 82.8.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 15 Measurements PT [mm]: Body 122.3–138.1, pronotum 4.0–4.4, mesonotum 25.0–28.3, metanotum 17.9, median segment 10.0, tegmina 8.1–9.2, alae 54.0–59.5, profemora 32.3–37.2, mesofemora 25.5–28.9, metafemora 29.4–34.7, antennae > 80.6. Comments. The small number of specimens known so far suggests this peculiar species to be particularly rare. It is much hoped that future collections throughout French Guiana will reveal an adult ♀ and the still unknown eggs. It is mainly the morphology of the ♂ genitalia, which places P. lobulatipes n. sp. species in the genus Phanocloidea. In several other aspects this species is quite unlike all other representatives of that genus, which includes the blunt tubercles on the mesonotum and distinctively lobed legs of ♂♂. Distribution. Commune de Roura, Montagne de Kaw [MNHN]; Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [coll. OC], St. Laurent du Maroni [TR].

4.2. Cladomorphinae: Cladomorphini

4.2.1. Cladomorphus Gray, 1835

Type-species: Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835: 15, by subsequent designation of Rehn, 1904: 61.

A full treatment of the genus is in progress by the two first authors and will include numerous taxonomic changes, which also have effect on the definition of its true distribution. At least three of the species currently attributed to Cladomorphus Gray, 1835 are not congeneric with the type-species and belong elsewhere.

Cladomorphus guianensis n. sp. (Figs. 5–6)

HT, 1 ♀: Guyane Françse., St.-Jean du Maroni, Collection le Moult [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.05.2014 [coll. OC 0344-1].

Etymology. Named after the distribution in French Guiana. Differentiation. The strongly convex and bi-cornute head of this new species resembles C. ceratocephalus Gray, 1835 from Brazil. ♀♀ of C. guianensis n. sp. however differ by the larger size, much more slender shape and relatively longer body segments as well as the considerably more slender legs, which lack the prominent lobes and teeth seen in C. ceratocephalus. ♂♂ readily differ from all other known ♂♂ of the genus by the very convex and bi-cornute head and lack of a spatulate apical appendix of the poculum. Description. The ♀ HT in MNHN is fairly incomplete, lacking both hind legs and protarsi as well as most of the antennae. Great portions of abdominal sternum VII and the ventral surface of the subgenital plate are covered with a black greasy or tar-like mass, which does not allow proper description of the praeopercular organ. Careful removing of the contamination was attempted but has proven impossible without damaging the specimen. A piece of wood has been driven through the entire specimen during the process of preservation and projects from the head and apex of abdomen, unfortunately not allowing proper description of genital features such as the gonapophysis. ♀ (Fig. 5). Medium-sized for the genus (body length incl. subgenital plate 174.0 mm), shape slender, granulation of thorax sparse if compared to most other species in the genus. Colour of the HT dull yellowish to reddish brown with most of the dorsal surface of metanotum and abdominal segment pale greyish to white with irregular reddish brown mottling. Abdominal sterna with two faint dark markings near posterior margin. Legs of same colour as body with the posterior lateral surfaces of the mesofemora pale greyish. Upper margins of the carinate cephalic protuberances black. Head: Somewhat longer than wide with the vertex strongly raised, convex and bearing two elongate, laterally compressed ridge-like protuberances, which diverge and increase in height towards the posterior. Anterior and lateral portions of vertex with a few blunt black tubercles, genae with a few scattered granules. Frons with a wide but shallow impression. Eyes fairly large, sub-circular in outline and moderately projecting; each eye is 2x as long as the genae. Scapus strongly compressed dorsoventrally, almost 2x longer than wide and with the lateral margins gently rounded. Pedicellus sub-cylindrical and a little more than half the length of scapus.

16 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 5. Female (HT) of Cladomorphus guianensis n. sp. a–b. habitus: a. dorsal; b. lateral; c–e. head and prothorax: c. ventral; d. lateral; e. dorsal; f–h. apex of abdomen: f. ventral; g. lateral; h. dorsal.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 17 FIGURE 6. Male (PT) of Cladomorphus guianensis n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. lateral; b. ventral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

18 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. Thorax: Pronotum roughly rectangular in shape, somewhat narrowed in anterior half, almost 1.5x longer than wide and distinctly narrower than head; transverse median sulcus short and shallow. Surface sparsely granulose. Mesothorax elongate, parallel-sided except for being slightly widened posteriorly and 4x longer than prothorax. Mesonotum sparsely granulose and with a fine longitudinal median carina. Mesopleurae and mesosternum sculptured like mesonotum, but both with a few somewhat enlarged tubercles; the sternum with a fine ridge along lateral margins. Metanotum a little more than 1/3 the length of mesonotum, sculpturing alike. Abdomen: Median segment 1.3x longer than metanotum and considerably longer than abdominal segment II, somewhat widened towards the posterior; surface just very minutely granulose. Segments II–V slightly increasing in length with V longest and some 2.8x longer than wide; following decreasing on length. All segments roughly parallel-sided with VII–X noticeably narrower than preceding; all minutely granulose. Tergum V with a fairly prominent shield-shaped, transversely carinate and medially notched swelling. Praeopercular organ formed by two raised and rounded carinae at posterior margin of sternum VII. Anal segment about equal in length to VIII, narrowed towards the posterior and with a fine longitudinal median carina dorsally; lateral margins with a shallow excavation medially and the posterior margin bluntly triangular with a small median incision. Cerci small, sub-cylindrical with a blunt apex. gonapophysis VII strongly elongated and projecting considerably over posterior margin of anal segment. Subgenital plate elongate, carinate longitudinally, projecting beyond apex of abdomen by about the length of anal segment and with the apex bluntly rounded. Legs: Profemora somewhat shorter than mesothorax; all carinae of fore legs moderately and uniformly deflexed. Mesofemora with a blunt teeth on both outer ventral carinae some 1/3 off the base. Mesotibiae strongly carinate with all carinae roundly deflexed apically. Mesobasitarsus about as long as following two tarsomeres combined; dorsal carina gently rounded. Measurements HT [mm]: Body (inc. subgenital plate) 174.0, body 169.5, pronotum 7.9, mesonotum 32.5, metanotum 11.5, median segment 15.0, profemora 31.0, mesofemora 25.3, antennae > 30.0. ♂ (Fig. 6). Medium-sized (body length 113.4mm) and fairly typical in shape for the genus with a strongly conical and bi-cornute head, weakly developed thoracic granulation and a short poculum. General colour pale greyish with irregular darker mottling and speckles. Anal region alae transparent grey. Vertex contrasting black and most of mesonotum reddish mid brown. Meso- and metapleurae and ventral surface of body and legs with distinct reddish brown mottling, abdominal sterna II–VII each with a pair of elongate reddish brown markings and two small and faint dull brown spots close to posterior margin. Antennae plain dull grey. Head: Generally as in ♀♀ but relatively more convex with the cephalic armature more prominently developed and more acute. A pair of prominent spiniform tubercles in front of the two large posterior protuberances and a further pair laterally. Eyes very large, projecting hemispherically and each eye is 1.2x as long as the genae. Antennae reaching to posterior margin of abdominal segment II. Scapus and pedicellus as in ♀♀. Thorax: Pronotum as in ♀♀ but considerably shorter and narrower than head. Mesothorax elongate, slender and 4.3x longer than prothorax; mesonotum only with a very few scattered granules and a fine longitudinal median carina. Mesopleurae and mesosternum with a few irregularly dispersed tubercles; the sternum with a fairly distinct, acute longitudinal median carina. Metasternum like mesosternum but the median carina very indistinct. Tegmina strongly narrowed basally, rounded apically and with a blunt central protuberance. Alae reaching about half way along abdominal segment V. Abdomen: Median segment about 3x longer than metanotum and slightly narrowed towards the posterior; smooth. Abdominal segment II–V roughly uniform in length and width and on average 4x longer than wide, VI–VII slightly decreasing in length. Tergum V with a shield-shaped, transversely carinate and medially notched swelling similar to that seen in ♀♀. VIII strongly widened towards the posterior, XI wider than long with the lateral margins deflexed and forming a slender, rounded lobe that laterally extends by almost 1/3 the width of segment. Anal segment declining towards the posterior, the lateral margins with a blunt tooth sub-basally and deep, concave excavation medially; the posterior portion widened and the hinder margin very gently concave. Outer angles of posterior margins somewhat swollen and ventrally armed with several black denticles. Epiproct very small and scale-shaped. Paraprocts strongly carinate. Vomer large slightly asymmetrical, roughly triangular in shape, strongly narrowed towards the apex and with a single, strongly up-curving apical hook; colour dull ochraceous with the apical hook black. Phallus strongly enlarged, club-shaped and projecting over lateral margin of poculum towards the left; dorsally covered by the lateral lobe of tergum IX. Cerci slender, sub-cylindrical, slightly constricted towards a blunt apex and roughly reaching to posterior margin of anal segment. Poculum fairly large, strongly convex, cucullate

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 19 and very slightly projecting beyond apex of anal segment; the upper margin slightly labiate and the posterior margin with a small triangular indention. Legs: All fairly long, slender and distinctly carinate. Profemora a little longer than pro- and mesothorax combined, metafemora reaching about half way along abdominal segment V and metatibiae reaching to anal segment. Posteroventral and posterodorsal carinae of meso- and metatibiae gently deflexed and rounded apically. Basitarsi about equal in length to following three tarsomeres combined with the dorsal carina very gently rounded. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 113.4, pronotum 4.5, mesonotum 19.4, metanotum 15.3, median segment 9.4, tegmina 8.5, alae 56.0, profemora 27.3, mesofemora 24.4, metafemora 29.5, antennae > 63.0. Comments. The fact that this peculiar species is so far only known from the two type-specimens suggests it is particularly rare. Eggs unknown. Distribution. St.-Jean du Maroni [MNHN]; Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [coll. OC].

4.2.2. Hirtuleius Stål, 1875

Type-species: Hirtuleius laeviceps Stål, 1875: 81, by monotypy.

Hirtuleius Stål, 1875: 29, 81 Kirby, 1904: 361 Redtenbacher, 1908: 425 Chopard, 1911: 346 Sjöstedt, 1933: 6 Bradley & Galil, 1977: 190 Bragg, 2001: 634 Zompro, 2004: 312 Otte & Brock, 2005: 161 Hennemann & Conle, 2010: 103 Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 63, 167 Cladomorphus, Otte & Brock, 2005: 94 (in part) Phibalosoma, Chopard, 1911: 347

Comments. Stål (1875: 81) originally established Hirtuleius for his new species H. laeviceps from Brazil. Two further species of the genus are currently known: Hirtuleius caudatus Chopard, 1911 from French Guiana and the recently described Hirtuleius granuliceps Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011 from Colombia. Detailed examination of the HT of Phibalosoma gibbosa Chopard, 1911: 347 in MNHN clearly revealed this species to belong to the genus Hirtuleius Stål, 1875 as well, thus it is transferred to this genus (n. comb.). A fifth species is contained in the material collected by S.E.A.G. in French Guiana and here described as Hirtuleius gracilis n. sp.. A full treatment of the genus is in progress by the two first authors and will include several taxonomic changes. For this reason, a full description of the genus shall not be provided here. Differentiation. Closely related to Cladomorphus Gray, 1835 but differing by: the considerably smaller size; more robust body; smooth or at best granulose vertex and relatively shorter mesothorax of both sexes, which is less than 2x longer than the head and pronotum combined. ♀♀ also differ by lacking a crenulated swelling or protuberance on abdominal tergum V, less prominent praeopercular organ and straight, entire lateral margins of the subgenital plate. ♂♂ are at once distinguished by the simple poculum, which lacks the conspicuous apical appendix seen in Cladomorphus. Distribution. So far recorded from Brazil, French Guiana and Colombia.

Species of Hirtuleius recorded from French Guiana:

Hirtuleius caudatus Chopard, 1911: 346 [French Guiana] Hirtuleius gibbosus (Chopard, 1911: 347) n. comb. [French Guiana] Hirtuleius gracilis n. sp. [French Guiana]

♀♀* 1. Mesonotum covered with tiny granules; metanotum rectangular ...... gibbosus - Mesonotum with large granules and central elevation; metanotum distinctly longer than wide...... caudatus

* The ♀ of H. gracilis n. sp. is not known

♂♂* 1. Robust species; body surface granulated; vomer with a single point...... gibbosus - Slender species; body surface smooth; vomer with two points...... gracilis n. sp.

* The ♂ of H. caudatus is not known

Hirtuleius gracilis n. sp. (Figs. 7–8)

HT, ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.01.2014; ex coll. Conle; OC-0345-3 [ZSMC]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Réserve Naturelle des Nouragues—Camp Inselberg, 4°05’ N–52°41’W, 411m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 18.05.2013; ex coll. Conle; OC-0345-8 [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 07.08.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0345-1]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 29.05.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0345-2]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 31.08.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0345-4]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 15.06.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0345-5]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 19.09.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0345-6]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.10.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0345-7]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 25.04.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0345-9]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 24.01.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0345-10]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 07.05.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0345-11]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 19.11.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0345-12]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.10.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0345-13]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 02.12.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0345-14]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 07.07.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0345-15]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie pink trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.10.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0345-16]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 19.05.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0345-17]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 03.11.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0345-18].

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 21 FIGURE 7. Male (PT) of Hirtuleius gracilis n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. lateral; b. ventral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

Further material [1 ♂]: FRENCH GUIANA: 1 ♂: Guyane, Régina, Savane Roche Virginie, GFPHASM19-067, rec. Yannick Bellanger 30.X.2019 [YB]. Etymology. The name gracilis (lat. slender, gracile) refers to the comparatively slender body of ♂♂ of this new species. Differentiation. Males of this new species can easily be distinguished from those of H. gibbosus by the distinctly more slender and elongate shape, entirely smooth body surface, relatively longer legs with the mesofemora longer than the pronotum and mesonotum combined, as well as the distinctive bifid vomer. Description. ♂ (Figs. 7–8). Large (body length 74.3–99.6 mm) and slender for the genus with fairly short alae (38.3–45.8 mm). Body, head and legs pale grey to greenish brown with irregular white markings and shadings, ventral body surface in particular with large drab to whitish markings. Eyes brown with a broad, a white band below the eyes. Antennae uniformly brown. Tegmina and costal region of alae pale brown, anal region of alae transparent with a slight brownish hue. Head: Head globose with vertex elevated towards the posterior, entirely smooth, about 1.2x longer than wide. Eyes circular and large, strongly convex and prominently projecting from head capsule, about 1/3 the length of entire head. Scapus compressed dorsoventrally and slightly longer than pedicellus, remaining antennomeres covered with tiny setae. Antennae reaching to abdominal segment V. Thorax: Thorax entirely smooth and dorsal surface shiny. Pronotum at best 2x longer than wide, shorter and much more slender than head. Mesothorax very slender and elongate, 8–9x longer than wide. Mesonotum more than 4x longer than pronotum. Metanotum prominently shorter than mesonotum and median segment, indistinctly longer than wide. Tegmina small, oval, tapered towards the base and slightly convex; slightly longer than the metanotum. Alae reaching half way along tergum V. Abdomen: Median segment about 4x longer than metanotum, smooth. Segments II–VII at least 4x longer than wide. Tergum VIII at best half the length of VII and distinctly broadened towards the posterior. IX slightly narrower than VIII, gently constricted medially and 1.8 × longer than wide. Anal segment 2/3 the length of IX, widened towards the posterior. Posterior margin raised and with a slight median gap. Tergum and sternum VIII each slightly protruded into a faint lobe at the posterior edges. Cerci slender, straight and almost cylindrical, only slightly tapering towards the posterior, at best projecting anal segment by half of its length. Vomer creamish grey with two black, pointed apices and reaching posterior margin of anal segment. Poculum cup-shaped, posterior margin rounded, slightly projecting anterior margin of anal segment. Legs. All long and slender, completely destitute of spines or teeth. All femora and tibia swollen and widened at the apical end. In the swollen, apical part of the legs the carinae are raised an elevated. Profemora about as long as head, pro- and mesonotum combined, mesofemora slightly longer than mesonotum, pronotum and head combined and metafemora reaching centre of tergum V. All carinae covered with fine setae. All tarsi simple, basitarsi about as long as the remaining tarsomeres combined. Measurements HT [mm]: Body 90.7, pronotum 2.8, mesonotum 16.0, metanotum 16.2, tegmina 5.4, alae 41.9, profemora 27.4, mesofemora 22.4, metafemora 28.2, antennae > 66.0. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 74.6–100.7, pronotum 2.7–2.9, mesonotum 13.3–17.2, metanotum 14.3–18.2, tegmina 4.6–6.0, alae 37.7–48.5, profemora 21.6–29.4, mesofemora 16.6–23.2, metafemora 21.5–28.0, antennae > 50.0. Comments. This new species is so far only known from the ♂♂. Since the ♀♀ are not known, the generic placement of this new species is not free of doubt. Most morphological characters however, such as the strongly globose head and apical expansions of the femora, suggest it is provisionally best placed in Hirtuleius Stål, 1875.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 23 Distribution. French Guiana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [coll. OC, ZSMC]; Commune de Régina, Réserve Naturelle des Nouragues—Camp Inselberg [coll. OC]; Commune de Régina, Savane Roche Vir- ginie [MNHN].

5. AREOLATAE

5.1. Pseudophasmatinae: Stratocleini

5.1.1. Parastratocles Redtenbacher, 1906

Type-species: Parastratocles aeruginosus Redtenbacher, 1906: 107 (= Stratocles forcipatus Bolívar, 1896: 11), by original monotypy.

Parastratocles Redtenbacher, 1906: 107 Bradley & Galil, 1977: 203 Brock, 1998: 12 Bragg, 2001: 640 Zompro, 2004: 170, 318 Otte & Brock, 2005: 256–257 Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 33 Stratocles, Scudder, 1895: 32 (in part) Bolivar, 1896: 11 Kirby, 1896: 474 Kirby, 1904: 409–410 (in part) Rehn, 1904: 91–94 Redtenbacher, 1906: 102–107 (in part) Shelford, 1909: 370 (in part) Chopard, 1911: 311 Hebard, 1919: 146 Hebard, 1921: 162 Hebard, 1923: 347 Robinson, 1969: 285 Brock, 1998: 12, 29, 34, 40, 54 Zompro, 2004: 171–172 (in part) Otte & Brock, 2005: 327–328 (in part) Delfosse, 2009: 9 Mantis, Olivier, 1792: 637 (in part) Stoll, 1813: 24 (in part) Lichtenstein, 1796: 78 (in part) Phasma, Lichtenstein, 1796: 78 (in part) Fabricius, 1798: 189 (in part) Lichtenstein, 1802: 15 (in part) Latreille, 1807: 87 (in part) Stoll, 1813: 31 (in part) Latreille, Peletier de Saint Fargeau, Serville & Guérin-Méneville, 1825: 101 Serville, 1831: 58 (in part) Gray, 1835: 22–25 (in part) Serville, 1838[1839]: 271 (in part) Haan, 1842: 123 (in part) westwood, 1859: 121–124 (in part) Scudder, 1875: 33 (in part) Giglio-Tos, 1895: 806 Scudder, 1896: 205 (in part) Pseudophasma, Rehn, 1904: 98 (in part) Kirby, 1904: 413 (in part) Olcyphides, Kirby, 1904: 411 (in part)

Parastratocles adelphus (Redtenbacher, 1906: 106) [Bolivia] Parastratocles bennettii (Gray, 1835: 25) [Colombia] Parastratocles bogotensis (Kirby, 1896: 474) [Colombia] Parastratocles rosanti n. sp. [French Guiana] Parastratocles flavipes (Redtenbacher, 1906: 12) [Brazil: Alto-Amazonas] Parastratocles forcipatus (Bolívar, 1896: 11) n. comb. [Peru] Parastratocles fuscomarginatus n. sp. [French Guiana] Parastratocles multilineatus (Rehn, 1904: 91) [Costa Rica] Parastratocles radiatus (Scudder, 1875: 33) [Peru, Ecuador] Parastratocles rufipes (Redtenbacher, 1906: 103) [Colombia] Parastratocles tessulatus (Olivier, 1792: 637) n. comb. [French Guiana, Suriname, Brazil: Pará, Amapá] Parastratocles viridis (Hebard, 1919: 146) [Colombia] Parastratocles xanthomela (Olivier, 1792: 638) n. comb. [Suriname]

Differentiation. The genus is similar to Brizoides Redtenbacher, 1906 and Stratocles Stål, 1875. From Brizoides it is distinguished by the slightly broader head in comparison to the pronotum and longer legs (hind legs distinctly projecting over apex of abdomen) in both sexes as well as the larger and much more bulgy poculum of ♂♂, which reaches the posterior margin of the anal segment (cup-shaped and at best slightly projecting over posterior margin of tergum IX in Brizoides). Stratocles differs from Parastratocles by the extremely short and posteriorly swollen mesothorax, which is distinctly shorter than the prothorax, the obviously broader metathorax (at least 2x wider than pronotum) and the slightly club-shaped antennomeres in both sexes, as well as the simple but often club-shaped cerci and the often protruded posterior angles of tergum IX in the ♂♂. Description. Slender and fully winged, very colourful, small Pseudophasmatinae with smooth and shiny body surface in most species. Sexual dimorphism distinct with ♂♂ smaller and more slender than ♀♀. Body length of ♂♂ 31.0–50.0 mm, ♀♀ 46.0–65.0 mm. Head about 1.5x longer than wide, moderately compressed dorsoventrally; vertex flat; surface smooth and often shiny, sometimes bearing some minute granules. Eyes very large and prominent, ocelli present, but small. Antennae long and slender, as long as body (♀♀) or even longer than body (♂♂); antennomeres cylindrical. Thorax and abdomen roughly circular in cross-section. Mesothorax distinctly increasing in width and height towards the posterior. Pronotum smooth and shiny, often bearing small, blunt granules; about 1.5x longer than wide and slightly shorter and more slender than head. Mesonotum smooth and shiny, often bearing small, blunt granules; equal length to 2x longer than pronotum; 1.2–2.5x longer than wide in ♀♀ and 1.5–3x longer than wide in ♂♂. Pro- meso- and metasternum and pleurae smooth; mesosternum without a longitudinal keel. Tegmina short and oval, constricted towards a rounded posterior margin; about as long as mesonotum; veins distinct and slightly sublime; in most species with inconspicuous sub-basal elevations. Tegmina reaching posterior margin of metanotum or at best centre of median segment. Alae fully developed, reaching to posterior margin of tergum VII or even projecting over posterior margin of anal segment. Anal area of alae bicoloured in most species. Abdominal segments I–VII in ♂♂ and ♀♀ longer than wide, VIII–X often wider than long. Anal segment of ♂♂ globose with the lateral surfaces projecting almost hemispherical. Posterior margin medially indented and with a short, rounded projection at each outer edge (often bearing tiny teeth ventrally). Vomer triangular with distinctly pointed apex. Poculum very variable in the current extend of the genus: large and bulgy, posterior margin tapered towards posterior, reaching to posterior margin of anal segment in most species; in some species (e.g. P. tessulatus) very large, bulgy and swollen, distinctly projecting over apex of anal segment and even projecting over apex of the cerci, posterior margin rounded. Praeopercular organ on sternum VII of ♀♀ absent or at best forming a very small swelling near posterior margin. Anal segment of ♀♀ slightly tapered towards posterior with posterior margin rounded or flattened; sometimes with a blunt longitudinal median carina; about as long as wide to slightly wider than long. Epiproct incised posteromedially. Subgenital plate scoop-shaped, tapered towards rounded or pointed apex, reaching posterior margin of tergum IX or even posterior margin of segment. Cerci slender, short and round in cross-section, tapered towards a rounded apex, slightly projecting over anal

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 25 segment and finely bristled, slightly shorter than anal segment in ♀♀; very diverse in ♂♂: short, slender and simple, shorter than anal segment in P. tessulatus; enlarged or at least very prominent, longer than anal segment, more or less incurving, often with forked apex and two or more spines on the basal third at the inner side of the cerci in most other species; apex sometimes even club-shaped. The cerci of the ♂♂ are very distinct in every species and the best character for distinguishing the species. Legs slender, long and smooth, sometimes bearing short setae. Femora distinctly carinate to almost rounded in cross-section (in P. tessulatus); profemora almost straight and hardly curved or compressed basally, longer than thorax and head combined; hind legs projecting over posterior margin of anal segment. Tarsi elongate about half the length of corresponding tibiae, basitarsus about 2–3x longer than 2nd tarsomere. Eggs: The eggs characterized here are those of the type-species which are also similar to P. multilineatus. Capsule barrel-shaped, but distinctly compressed laterally, oval in cross-section and about 2–3x longer than wide; polar area rounded. Surface of capsule uniformly wrinkled. Micropylar plate lanceolate and slightly concave in lateral view, rounded basally and pointed towards operculum, about 3x longer than wide, at best a quarter of the length of capsule. Operculum oval and slightly convex, surface of same structure as capsule, sometimes with an indistinct raised elevation in the centre. Comments. The type-species Parastratocles aeruginosus Redtenbacher, 1906 is found to be conspecific with Parastratocles forcipatus (Bolívar, 1896) (n. comb.) and therefore synonymised with the latter (n. syn.). The type- specimens of both species are from the same locality. Parastratocles forcipatus (Bolívar, 1896) is so far only recorded from Cumbase (Province Junín, Peru) and Panguana (Province Huanuco, Peru). The genus is clearly polyphyletic and will deserve splitting into two or even three generic units when more material becomes available for examination. The most important character for distinguishing species within this genus are the genitalia of ♂♂. Shown by material at hand from various collections there still is a considerable number of new species that await description, in particular species that are closely related to P. xanthomela (Olivier, 1792) and P. radiatus (Scudder, 1875). Both species are here transferred to Parastratocles (n. comb.). Parastratocles carbonarius (Redtenbacher, 1906) from Bolivia and Peru is conspecific with Parastratocles lugubris (Redtenbacher, 1906) from Bolivia and therefore here synonymised (n. syn.). However, P. lugubris is here removed from Parastratocles and transferred to the genus Brizoides Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.). Parastratocles cryptochloris (Rehn, 1904) from Costa Rica and Panama is also transferred to the genus Brizoides Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.) The eggs of Stratocles tessulatus (Olivier, 1792) differ considerably from those of the type-species P. aeruginosus and also the adult insects show certain characters that might generically separate S. tessulatus from Para- stratocles sensu stricto. Further material, in particular of the many still undescribed species will be necessary to properly decide on whether S. tessulatus can be incorporated in Parastratocles or represents a distinct generic unit. Provisionally, S. tessulatus is here transferred to Parastratocles since for now this certainly is the most appropriate genus available (n. comb.). Most species of this genus are peculiar to trees of the genus Cecropia (Fam. Urticaceae), where they can usually be found resting on the underside of the leaves. Some species even appear to be specialized to an individual species of Cecropia. Distribution. Widely distributed throughout the Amazon basin including Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Ec- uador, Peru, as well as French Guiana, Suriname and Bolivia. One species is also recorded from Costa Rica and Panama.

Species of Parastratocles recorded from French Guiana:

Parastratocles rosanti n. sp. [French Guiana] Parastratocles fuscomarginatus n. sp. [French Guiana] Parastratocles tessulatus (Olivier, 1792) n. comb. [French Guiana, Suriname, Brazil: Pará, Amapá]

Key to the species of Parastratocles from French Guiana

♂♂ / ♀♀

26 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. 1. Costal area of alae black with broad creamish-white to yellow bands...... P. tessulatus - Costal area of alae not black nor with broad creamish-white to yellow bands ...... 2 2. Anal area of alae bicoloured...... P. fuscomarginatus n. sp. - Anal area of alae plain transparent...... P. rosanti n. sp.

Parastratocles rosanti n. sp. (Figs. 9–10)

HT, ♀: 18-2 [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♂: Oct. 04 PL., PK5 nle pst. Apatou, St Laurent du Maroni, Th. Rosant (Guy. Fr.); Rosant Th. N° 3943 [coll. TR, No. 3943]. PT, 1 ♀, 1 ♂: Brasil, Obidos, Traira, Esto. Pará, Dirings [MZUSP]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie blue trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.10.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0534-1].

Etymology: Named after Thibault Rosant (French Guiana), who found this species in French Guiana. Differentiation. Very similar to P. multilineatus (Rehn, 1904) from Costa Rica and Panama and P. fuscomarginatus n. sp. from French Guiana. It differs from P. multilineatus by the yellowish-orange abdominal terga, scapus and pedicellus, the bright yellow and apically black femora in both sexes and the considerably more slender, black cerci in the ♂♂. From P. fuscomarginatus n. sp. it differs by the uniformly coloured anal fan of the alae and the bicoloured tibiae in both sexes. Description. ♀ (Fig. 9). Very colourful insect of typical size and body shape for the genus. Length of body 49.8 mm. Body surface smooth, except for some tiny blunt granules on pro- and mesonotum. General colour of body bright orange to greenish yellow with several black lines. Head yellow with several fine longitudinal black lines, sometimes distinct, sometimes interrupted. Antennae uniformly black, except scapus and pedicellus being drab yellow. Eyes marbled yellow and black. Pro- and mesonotum yellow to greenish yellow or even bright orange, covered with tiny blunt yellow granules and laterally bordered by a distinct longitudinal black band. Tegmina at best reaching posterior margin of metanotum, dark brown to black with greenish yellow veins and a bright orange band along the radial vein. Costal area of alae yellow to greenish yellow with several distinct or indistinct black to brown longitudinal lines. Anal area of alae translucent. Abdomen bright orange to greenish yellow with a fine green line at the lateral margins of the terga. Terga VIII–X with black speckles or mottling. Cerci cylindrical and slender, pointed towards apex, about as long as anal segment, black. Subgenital plate spoon-shaped, posterior margin rounded, at best reaching to posterior margin of anal segment; yellow to greenish orange. Legs very colourful, all femora greenish yellow to orange with black knees, tibiae black with apical quarter yellow; basitarsi and second tarsomeres black, remaining tarsomeres yellow to orange. Measurements HT [mm]: Body 49.8–53.1, pronotum 2.9–3.0, mesonotum 4.5–5.3, metanotum 5.5–7.6, median segment 2.4–2.7, tegmina 5.9–6.5, alae 35.5–38.9, profemora 10.6–10.7, mesofemora 9.3–10.0, metafemora 12.4–12.7, antennae > 30.0. ♂ (Fig. 10). Similar to ♀, but more slender and elongate. Poculum large and bulgy, tapering towards pointed apex, at least reaching to posterior margin of anal segment, bright yellow. Tergum IX and anal segment with large black speckles near the lateral margins. Anal segment globose with the lateral surfaces projecting almost hemispherically. Cerci large, slender and curved inwards and downwards with rounded apex, slightly swollen in apical half, at least 1.5x longer than anal segment, with two sub-basal spines on the inner surface of each cercus. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 36.9, pronotum 2.3, mesonotum 3.4, metanotum & median segment 4.8, tegmina 3.5, alae 25.7, profemora 10.8, mesofemora 8.3, metafemora 11.1, antennae 48.7. Comments. The HT specimen was collected by the French G.E.P. team on their first expedition to French Guiana. Unfortunately, no locality was given on the label but it has certainly been collected in Kaw Mountain. The authors have not been able to obtain detailed measurements of the PT specimens (♂ and ♀) in MZUSP, hence no measurements are given for these specimens. Distribution. So far recorded from St. Laurent du Maroni and Montagne des Chevaux in French Guiana [TR] and Trairão in the State of Pará, Brazil [MZUSP].

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 27 FIGURE 9. Female (HT) of Parastratocles rosanti n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. lateral; b. ventral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. dorsolateral; e. lateral; f. ventral; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. dorsal; h. lateral; i. ventral.

28 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 10. Male (PT) of Parastratocles rosanti n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. dorsal; e. lateral; f. ventral; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. dorsal; h. lateral; i. ventral.

HT, ♂: Guyane, piste de Coralie PK10, leg. Alexandre François, ex coll. ASPER [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44‘56“N–52°26‘28“W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé, 27.04.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0348-1]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Fôret vallonnée au pied d‘inselbergs, S.E.A.G, Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 23.03.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0348-2].

Etymology. The name fuscomarginatus refers to the brown (fuscus lat. = brown) outer margin of the anal area of the alae of this new species. Differentiation. Very similar to P. multilineatus (Rehn, 1904) from Costa Rica and Panama but differing by the yellowish-orange abdominal terga, the bright green and apically black femora in both sexes, the more slender cerci in the ♂♂ and the slightly shorter subgenital plate in the ♀♀. Also very similar to P. rosanti n. sp., but easily distinguished by the bicoloured anal fan of the alae and the uniformly black tibiae (green apically in rosanti n. sp.). Description. ♀ (Fig. 11). Very colourful insect of average size and body shape for the genus. Length of body 61.5 mm. Body surface smooth, except for some tiny blunt granules on pro- and mesonotum. General colour of body bright orange to greenish yellow with several black longitudinal lines. Head greenish yellow to orange with many distinct broad longitudinal black lines. Antennae including scapus and pedicellus uniformly black. Eyes dark beige to brown. Pro- and mesonotum dark yellow to greenish yellow or even bright orange, covered with tiny blunt yellow granules and laterally framed with a distinct broad longitudinal black band on each side. Tegmina at best reaching posterior margin of metanotum, dark brown to black with greenish yellow veins and a bright orange band along the radial vein. Costal area of alae yellow to greenish yellow with several distinct or indistinct black to brown longitudinal lines. Anal area of alae brownish translucent with a large, oval yellowish translucent field at the base. Abdomen bright orange to greenish yellow. Terga VIII–X with black speckles or mottling. Cerci cylindrical and slender, pointed towards apex, about as long as anal segment, black. Subgenital plate flat and at best spoon-shaped, posterior margin rounded, at best reaching to centre of anal segment; drab orange to brown. All femora greenish yellow to orange with black knees, tibiae entirely black; basitarsi and second tarsomeres black, remaining tarsomeres yellow to orange. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 61.5, pronotum 3.5, mesonotum 5.5, metanotum 9.3, median segment 3.1, tegmina 7.0, alae 42.5, profemora 12.4, mesofemora 11.3, metafemora 15.0, antennae > 44.5. ♂ (Fig. 12). Length of body 45.0–46.0 mm. Similar to ♀, but more slender and elongate. Poculum large and bulgy, tapering towards pointed apex, at least reaching to posterior margin of anal segment; brown to beige. Tergum IX and anal segment bearing large black speckles near the lateral margins. Anal segment globose with the lateral surfaces projecting almost hemispherical. Cerci large, slender and curved inwards and downwards with rounded apex, slightly swollen in apical half, at least 1.5x longer than anal segment, with two spines near the base on the inner side of each cercus. Measurements HT [mm]: Body 46.0, pronotum 2.5, mesonotum 4.5, metanotum 3.9, median segment 3.6, tegmina 4.0, alae 32.2, profemora 12.6, mesofemora 9.0, metafemora 12.4, antennae 55.0. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 45.0, pronotum 2.4, mesonotum 3.8, metanotum 5.6, median segment 2.1, tegmina 4.5, alae 31.5, profemora 12.5, mesofemora 9.9, metafemora 13.0, antennae > 58.0. Distribution. French Guiana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [coll. OC], Commune de Maripa- soula, Mitaraka [coll. OC]; Roura, Piste Coralie [MNHN].

30 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 11. Female (PT) of Parastratocles fuscomarginatus n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 31 FIGURE 12. Male (HT) of Parastratocles fuscomarginatus n. sp. a–b. habitus: a. dorsal; b. dorsolateral; c. head and thorax in dorsal view; d–f. apex of abdomen: d. dorsal; e. lateral; f. ventral.

Comments. The genus Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 and the entire tribe Paraprisopodini consequently by no means belongs to the subfamily Prisopodinae. This is seen in the fundamentally different “Pseudophasmatinae- like” eggs (see Fig. 13), the large and often elongated, longitudinally convex and boat-shaped subgenital plate in ♀♀ (very small and flattened in Prisopodinae), strongly convex and bulgy, conical to cup-shaped poculum in ♂♂ (flattened and spoon-shaped in Prisopodinae), as well as the absence of a longitudinal median furrow on the ventral surface of the abdomen in both sexes (see Fig. 14) and the length ratio of the tegmina and alae in fully winged species. In Paraprisopus the tegmina are oval and less than 1/3 the length of the alae, whereas they are strongly elongated and >1/2 the length of the alae in all true Prisopodinae members. In addition, the eggs of Paraprisopus differ fundamentally from those of all other Prisopodinae but at the other hand share most basic features with those of Pseudophasmatinae. They are more or less barrel-shaped with the knob-like operculum situated at a more or less right angle on the anterior end of the chorion and the small micropylar plate placed in the central region of the dorsal egg surface. These eggs are simply dropped to the ground by ♀♀ or flicked away by an abrupt movement of the abdomen. On the contrary, eggs of Prisopus, Dinelytron and Damasippus are glued to surfaces like twigs or bark in rows and are adhesive to adjacent eggs anteriorly and posteriorly (see Fig. 15). Since the anterior and posterior end of the eggs are adhesive, the flat operculum is placed on the dorsal surface of the chorion very close to the large more or less bilobed micropylar plate. Consequently, Paraprisopodini is here removed from Prisopodinae and transferred to Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae. A recent study on the tarsi of Prisopodinae by Büscher (2017) also revealed conspicuous differences, which support the position of Paraprisopus outside Prisopodinae as here postulated. Büscher (2017) stated: “The Para- prisopodini bear big and roundish bilobed euplantulae, as most other known Euphasmatodea, whilst the Prisopo- dini bear two-bared euplantulae with a groove intersecting the entire tarsomere as an apomorphy. Additionally, the two lineages can be distinguished by the micromorphology of the pad surface. Whilst the Paraprisopodini bear nubby euplantulae with specific densities of nubs, the Prisopodini’s euplantulae are smooth without any micromor- phological features.” Differentiation. Although only including one genus, the tribe Paraprisopodini is here retained within Pseudo- phasmatinae, due to several significant morphological differences. Paraprisopodini clearly differs from all other Pseudophasmatinae by: the short mesonotum, that is mostly less than 1.7x longer than the pronotum; the short and transverse head, that is broader than long and has the vertex more or less distinctly elevated and/or bi-cornute; the considerably shorter and more robust antennae that at best reach half way along the abdomen; the very small eyes; the distinctively shortened, much broader and often lobed and/or deflexed legs. Furthermore, the ability to spray defensive secretions from the prothoracic glands is much less developed than in the remaining Pseudophasmatinae and the insects do not produce the characteristic odour widely known from the secretions of various Pseudophas- matinae species.

5.2.1. Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906

Type-species: Paraprisopus foliculatus Redtenbacher, 1906: 156, by subsequent designation of Zompro, 2000: 96.

Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906: 156 Caudell, 1914: 491 Moxey, 1972: 38 Bradley & Galil, 1977: 202 Zompro, 2000: 96 Bragg, 2001: 590, 640 Zompro, 2002: 6 Zompro, 2004: 62, 317 Otte & Brock, 2005: 253 Melophasma Redtenbacher, 1906: 157 (Type-species: Melophasma vermiculare Redtenbacher, 1906: 157, pl. 5:18 (♀), by monotypy). n. syn. Moxey, 1972: 38 (Listed as a synonym of Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906) Bradley & Galil, 1977: 202 (Listed as a synonym of Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906) Langlois & Lelong, 1998: 454 (Reinstated as a valid genus) Bragg, 2001: 637

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 33 Lelong, Langlois, Rastel & Dorel, 2003: 65 Zompro, 2004: 314 Otte & Brock, 2005: 199 Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 19 Dinelytron Westwood, 1859: 163 (in part) Jourdan, Lelong, Bellanger 2014: 491 Damasippus Jourdan, Lelong, Bellanger 2014: 491

Species included:

Paraprisopus agrion (Westwood, 1859: 164) n. comb. [Brazil: Amazonas; French Guiana; Suriname] Paraprisopus antillarum (Caudell, 1914: 491) n. comb. [Lesser Antilles: Guadeloupe, Dominica] Paraprisopus apterus n. sp. [French Guiana] Paraprisopus brachypterum (Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 249) n. comb. [Colombia] Paraprisopus colombianum (Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 252) n. comb. [Colombia] Paraprisopus foliculatus Redtenbacher, 1906: 156 [Ecuador] Paraprisopus merismus (Westwood, 1859: 164) [Venezuela] Paraprisopus multicolorus n. sp. [French Guiana] Paraprisopus spicatus Hebard, 1924: 141 [Ecuador] Paraprisopus vermiculare (Redtenbacher, 1906: 157) n. comb. [Brazil: Espírito Santo]

Description. Stout and robust to elongate, fully winged (most ♂♂) to apterous or brachypterous (♀♀) phasmids of small to medium size. Abdomen elongate in relation to thorax. Sexual dimorphism very distinct with ♂♂ more slender and smaller than ♀♀. Body length of ♂♂ 29.2–58.0mm, ♀♀ 58.0–84.0 mm. Head broader than wide, broadening towards posterior margin, vertex strongly elevated or even conically raised (except Paraprisopus multicolorus n. sp.), often bearing prominent granules, spines or crown-like structures dorsally. Antennae short and thick, at best reaching to anterior half of abdomen, segments simple, scapus compressed dorsoventrally. Eyes of medium size, circular in outline and slightly projecting hemispherically. Ocelli absent. Thorax very stout and short, almost round in cross-section. Pronotum slightly longer than wide (in some slender ♂♂) to 1.5x wider than long (in some robust ♀♀); surface armed with prominent spines or at least covered with granules. Pro- meso- and metapleurae covered with granules and sometimes bearing small spines, setae or even lobes along the ventral margin. Mesonotum scarcely longer to 1.7x longer than pronotum and rectangular in some robust ♀♀ to 2x longer than wide in slender ♂♂; Surface of mesonotum similar to pronotum, covered with granules or even spines and crown-like clusters of spines. Tegmina and alae fully developed in ♂♂ (absent only in P. apterus n. sp.); tegmina elongate and rounded towards posterior, roughly 1/3 the length of alae and reaching posterior margin of median segment or even tergum II. Alae reaching to centre of tergum IV or at best anterior margin of VII. Tegmina and alae of ♀♀ reduced or even absent; tegmina oval and short, reaching posterior margin of metanotum or at best centre of median segment. Alae very short, at best reaching posterior margin of median segment. Sternites smooth. Abdomen almost round in cross section, tapered towards anal segment, 1.5–2x longer than thorax. Dorsal surface from gently to roughly granulated in both sexes, except ♀♀ of P. foliculatus covered with spines and mossy lobes dorsally and even bearing leaf-like extensions in the posterior angles of terga IV–X. Sternites slightly granulated to entirely smooth. Segments II–VII 2–3x longer than wide in ♂♂ and 2x longer than wide to 3x wider than long in ♀♀. Median segment slightly longer than metanotum. Anal segment of ♂♂ shorter than IX; constricted towards posterior margin or broadening towards posterior margin; posterior margin sometimes rounded and sometimes with a faint posteromedian indention framed with tiny teeth; laterally with a concave excavation. Anal segment of ♀♀ similar to ♂♂, but posterior margin rounded or pointed (bearing two large lobes projecting over the cerci in P. foliculatus). Cerci in both sexes small and short, only slightly projecting over posterior margin of anal segment, round in cross-section and posterior margin rounded (laterally compressed in P. foliculatus and P. multicolorus n. sp.). Vomer large and of irregular shape, with pointed apex, often twisted to the side, hardly reaching posterior margin of anal segment; extremely enlarged (2.5x the length of anal segment) in P. merismus. Poculum large, basal half bulgy and apical half flat to elongate; hardly reaching posterior margin of anal segment to even projecting slightly; posterior margin rounded to distinctly pointed. Epiproct of ♀♀ slightly incised posteromedially, reaching posterior

34 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 13. Comparison of Pseudophasmatinae-like eggs and true Prisopodinae eggs. For each species, the egg is shown in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) view. a. Pseudophasma missionum Piza, 1981; b. Pseudophasma velutinum (Redtenbacher, 1906); c. Pseudophasma phthisicum (Linnaeus, 1758); d. Paraprisopus sp. (Panama, Laguna de San Carlos); e. Paraprisopus agrion(W estwood, 1859) (n. comb.); f. Paraprisopus antillarum (Caudell, 1914) (n. comb.); g. Damasippus sp. (Brazil, Itatiaia N.P.); h. Damasippus sp. (Costa Rica, Monteverde); i. Dinelytron sp. (Brazil, Itatiaia N.P.); j. Prisopus piperinus Redtenbacher, 1906; k. Prisopus horridus (Gray, 1835).

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 35 FIGURE 14. Comparison of males of Prisopodini with Paraprisopus (Paraprisopodini). Ventral surface of the abdomen show- ing the distinct longitudinal furrow in true Prisopodini. a. Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792); b. Dinelytron cahureli n. sp.; c. Damasippus sp. (Costa Rica, Monteverde); d. Paraprisopus agrion (Westwood, 1859) n. comb.; e. Close up picture of the longitudinal furrow in Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792).

36 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. margin of anal segment. Subgenital plate reaching apex of abdomen or even projecting over apex of abdomen for at best about the length of anal segment, tube shaped in basal portion, but increasingly flattened and in apical half gradually narrowed towards a rounded apex; with a longitudinal ventromedian carina. Praeopercular organ at best forming a small hump or knob at the posterior margin of sternum VII. Legs short and robust, the profemora about as long as mesothorax and the hind legs at best reaching to posterior margin of tergum VII. Femora and tibiae broadened and bearing foliaceous or undulate lobes, spines or granules. Profemora incurving, slightly broadened towards apical end, posteroventral carina often denticulate. Sometimes with a single leaf-like lobe at apical margin of profemora. Tarsi slightly shorter than corresponding tibia, basitarsi at best 1.5x longer than the second tarsomeres. Eggs: Capsule elongate, more or less barrel shaped with the polar area slightly constricted and round in cross- section; up to 2x longer than wide. Capsule surface minutely granulose or rugose and entirely covered with a network of ridges or at least densely covered with rounded granules and deep furrows (P. antillarum). Micropylar plate oval to round and 1/3 to ¼ length of capsule. Operculum flat and almost circular, often with a conical elevation in the centre. Comments. Detailed examination of the known species of Melophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 and Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 has proven these genera to be congeneric (n. syn.). The only significant difference between the type species of both genera is the more stout body shape in the ♀♀ of Paraprisopus, a feature which is not at all constant or of generic value within this group, as the body shape of the included species ranges from stout to slender. Moxey (1972: 38) was the first to recognize the synonymy of these two genera in his unpublished thesis and listed Melophasma as a synonym of Paraprisopus. This was confirmed by Bradley & Galil (1977: 202) but Langlois & Lelong (1998: 454) yet re-established Melophasma. Examination of Dinelytron agrion Westwood, 1859 has shown this species to be a member of Paraprisopus, hence it is here removed from Dinelytron (n. comb.). The eggs of P. antillarum show several differences if compared to the eggs of (P.W agrion estwood, 1859) (n. comb.) (Fig. 13) and P. foliculatus Redtenbacher, 1906. The capsule is not circular in cross-section, but slightly laterally compressed and the micropylar plate is connected to a very prominent median line, dividing the polar area into two parts (Fig. 13).

FIGURE 15. Eggs of Prisopus sacratus glued in rows. Picture by Pedro Alvaro Neves (São Paulo, Brazil).

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 37 Distribution. The genus is distributed from Brazil (so far recorded from Espírito Santo and Amazonas), over French Guiana and Suriname to Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador in the west and has one species on the Lesser Antillean islands of Guadeloupe and Dominica.

Species of Paraprisopus recorded from French Guiana:

Paraprisopus agrion (Westwood, 1859: 164) n. comb. [Brazil: Amazonas; French Guiana; Suriname] Paraprisopus apterus n. sp. [French Guiana] Paraprisopus multicolorus n. sp. [French Guiana]

Key to the species of Paraprisopus from French Guiana

♂♂* 1. winged...... 2 - Apterous...... P. apterus n. sp. 2. Anal area of alae translucent with dark veins, posterior margin of poculum rounded...... P. agrion - Anal area of alae yellow with black margin, posterior margin of poculum pointed ...... P. multicolorus n. sp.

* ♀♀ of Paraprisopus apterus n. sp. and Paraprisopus multicolorus n. sp. are not known so far.

Paraprisopus apterus n. sp. (Figs. 16–17)

HT, ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Crique Orfion, Orapu RN 2 pk 65, 4°29’46,29”N–52°20’43,30”W, SEAG, Malaise-trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 24.09.2016; Ex coll. Conle; OC-0403-2 [ZSMC]. PT, 1 ♀ (nymph): Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Crique Orfion, Orapu RN 2 pk 65, 4°29’46,29”N– 52°20’43,30”W, SEAG, Malaise-trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.10.2016[coll. OC, No. 0403-1].

Etymology. The name (apterus lat. = apterous, wingless) refers to the lack of wings in this new species. Differentiation. The species is so far only known from the ♂, which is easily distinguished from the ♂♂ of all other species in the genus by the very small size, the lack of wings and the very strongly raised vertex. Description. ♂ (Fig. 16). Very small and apterous species. Length of body 24.5 mm. General colour mid-brown with dark and irregular mottling, abdominal segments II–VI pale brown, VII–X dark brown. Eyes chestnut brown. Prosternum entirely black. Anterior third of meso-and Metasternum pale brown and posterior two thirds black. En- tire body and legs covered with tiny rounded granules. Head very distinctive, strongly conically raised and forming two spiny, auriform lobes. Eyes large and round distinctly projecting the rest of the head. Pronotum slightly wider than long, mesonotum 2x longer than wide and metanotum wider than long. No wings present, but two yellowish knobs (rudiments) at the posterior angles of mesonotum. Abdomen slender in segments I–VII, distinctly broader in VIII and IX, anal segment tapered towards a gently and bluntly incised posterior margin. Cerci short and simple, slightly projecting over posterior margin of anal segment, gently tapered towards posterior. Vomer triangular with pointed apex. Poculum with rounded posterior margin, reaching centre of anal segment. Legs slender for the genus, pro- and mesofemora only slightly swollen. Measurements HT [mm]: Body 24.5, pronotum 1.8, mesonotum 3.2, metanotum 1.1, median segment 1.0, profemora 3.9, mesofemora 3.6, metafemora 5.3, antennae > 18.0. ♀ nymph (Fig. 17). The immature ♀ nymph at hand is similar to the ♂, but the auriform lobes on the head are less spiny and broader, the pro- and mesofemora are thicker and have wave-like swellings (profemora) and spines on the ventral carinae (mesofemora). Body length 32.1 mm. Distribution. French Guiana: Commune de Regina, Crique Orfion [ZSMC, OC].

38 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 16. Male (HT) of Paraprisopus apterus n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. dorsal; b. lateral; c. ventral; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. dorsal; e. lateral; f. ventral; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. dorsal; h. lateral; i. ventral.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 39 FIGURE 17. Female (PT) nymph of Paraprisopus apterus n. sp. a–d. habitus: a. dorsolateral; b. dorsal; c. lateral; d. ventral.

Paraprisopus multicolorus n. sp. (Fig. 18)

Damasippus sp. Jourdan, Lelong, Bellanger 2014: 491.

HT, ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 27.04.2014; OC-0301-1; Ex coll. Conle [ZSMC]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Malaise-trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.01.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0301-2]. PT, 1 ♂: GUY13-067, Saül—Guyane, 08–23.XI.2013, Col. ASPER: Y. Bellanger, T. Jourdan & P. Lelong [ASPER- PL].

Etymology. The name refers to the beautiful colours of this new species, which are fairly unusual for Parapriso- pus.

40 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 18. Male (HT) of Paraprisopus multicolorus n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventrolateral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 41 Differentiation. The species is so far only known from the ♂, which is easily distinguished from all other species by the flattened vertex and the colourful anal area of the alae, which is dark yellow with a broad black outer margin. Description. ♂ (Fig. 18). Elongate and fully winged species. Length of body 33.3–34.6 mm. General colour of body pale olive brown with numerous white spots on the ventral body surface. Poculum dark brown with white speckles. Eyes yellowish brown, antennae dark chestnut brown with some paler annulations in apical third. Tegmina mid brown with lateral side bright green. Costal area of alae mid brown and anal area dark yellow with a broad black band along the margin. Front and mid legs olive brown with several darker speckles dorsally and of a drab orange ventrally. Hind legs yellowish green with indistinct white patches. Head and entire body densely covered with small rounded granules. Vertex flat for the genus, only very slightly rounded. Alae reaching posterior margin of tergum VI, tegmina reaching anterior margin of tergum II. Anal segment set with small teeth along inner side if posterior margin. Poculum reaching to centre of anal segment, with distinctly pointed apex. Vomer large, triangular, with slightly laterally displaced, curved and pointed apex, at best reaching posterior margin of anal segment. Cerci projecting over posterior margin of anal segment, lancet like with pointed apex and laterally compressed. Profemora slightly swollen apically. Measurements HT [mm]: Body 34.6, pronotum 2.3, mesonotum 3.7, metanotum 3.5, median segment 1.4, tegmina 6.5, alae 17.3, profemora 4.3, mesofemora 3.1, metafemora 5.0, antennae 18.3. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 33.3, pronotum 2.1, mesonotum 4.2, metanotum 2.7, median segment 1.9, tegmina 5.7, alae 15.9, profemora 4.2, mesofemora 3.0, metafemora 4.5, antennae 17.0. Distribution. French Guiana: Saül [ASPER]; Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [ZSMC, coll. OC].

5.3. Xerosomatinae: Prexaspini

5.3.1. Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906

Type-species: Agrostia bipunctata Redtenbacher, 1906: 110, by subsequent designation of Zompro, 2000: 94.

Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906: 110 Shelford, 1909: 371 Hebard, 1923: 348 Bradley & Galil, 1977: 203 Zompro, 2000: 94 (Designation of type-species) Bragg, 2001: 628 Zompro, 2004: 29, 155, 158, 163, 284, 291, 304 Otte & Brock, 2005: 43 Brizoides Redtenbacher, 1906: 112 (in part) Shelford, 1909: 371, 372. (in part) Brock, 1993: 23 Zompro, 2004: 168 (in part) Otte & Brock, 2005: 75 Chlorophasma Redtenbacher, 1906: 114. (Type-species: Chlorophasma hyalina Redtenbacher, 1906, by original monotypy) n. syn. Shelford, 1909: 372 Bradley & Galil, 1977: 203 Bragg, 2001: 631 Zompro, 2004: 29, 155, 159, 284, 307 Otte & Brock, 2005: 92 Isagoras, Rehn, 1947: 3 Otte, 1978: 78 (in part) Otte & Brock, 2005: 165 (in part) Mantis, Olivier, 1792: 641(in part) Lichtenstein, 1796: 81 (in part) Bragg, 1995: 25(in part) Metriophasma (Metriophasma), Otte & Brock, 2005: 202 (in part) Langlois & Bellanger, 2012: 94

42 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. Metriotes, Kirby, 1904: 416 (in part) Chopard, 1911: 341 (in part) Otte & Brock, 2005: 202 (in part) Olcyphides, Rehn, 1905: 798 Karny, 1923: 234 (in part) Otte, 1978: 78 Otte & Brock, 2005: 231 (in part) Phasma, Stoll, 1813: 45 (in part) Gray, 1835: 25 (in part) Burmeister, 1838: 584 (in part) westwood, 1859: 120, 121 (in part) Perliodes, Redtenbacher, 1906: 136. (Type-species Perliodes grisescens Redtenbacher, 1906, by subsequent designation of Zompro, 2000: 96) n. syn. Shelford, 1909: 374 (in part) Bradley & Galil. 1977: 202 Brock, 1998: 32 Zompro, 2000: 96 (Designation of type-species) Bragg, 2001: 625 Zompro, 2004: 29, 95, 96, 99, 106, 107, 167, 282 Otte & Brock, 2005: 258 (in part) Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 43

Species included:

Agrostia affinis (Redtenbacher, 1906: 137) n. comb. [Brazil: Espírito Santo] Agrostia amoena Redtenbacher, 1906: 110 [Panama] Agrostia bipunctata Redtenbacher, 1906: 110 [Brazil: Amazonas; Paraguay] Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792: 641) n. comb. [French Guiana; Suriname; Tobago] Agrostia dubius (Piza, 1937: 3) n. comb. [Brazil: São Paulo] Agrostia ega (Westwood, 1859: 120) [Brazil: Amazonas] Agrostia graminea (Redtenbacher, 1906: 113) n. comb. [Panama] Agrostia longicerca n. sp. [French Guiana] Agrostia rugicollis (Gray, 1835: 38) n. comb. [Brazil: Rio de Janeiro] Agrostia sauroptera (Rehn, 1947: 3) n. comb. [Brazil: Amazonas] Agrostia sexmaculatus (Redtenbacher, 1906: 138) n. comb. [Brazil: Theresopolis] Agrostia viridipes (Rehn, 1905: 798) rev. stat. [Costa Rica; Panama]

Differentiation. Closely related to Isagoras Stål, 1875 and Paragrostia n. gen.. From Isagoras it is distinguished by the longer and usually pointed to slightly lancet-shaped cerci that are at least equal in length but usually distinctly longer than the anal segment, lack of prominent raised humps of the tegmina and the simple and slender, never lobed or undulate legs in both sexes. ♂♂ also differ by the smaller, flat poculum that at best slightly projects over the posterior margin of abdominal tergum IX. From Paragrostia n. gen. it differs in both sexes by the flat tegmina that bear no sub-basal elevations or raised humps, the uniformly coloured anal area of the alae (bi-coloured in Paragrostia n. gen.), the rounded (♀♀) or tectiform and flattened (♂♂) anal segment, as well as the simple and short subgenital plate that lacks a longitudinal ventromedian carina and the less distinctly incised epiproct in ♀♀. ♂♂ furthermore differ by the not incised, at best gently notched posterior margin of the poculum, the lack of posterolateral protrusions of abdominal tergum IX and the ± straight cerci (distinctly in-curving in ♂♂ of Paragrostia n. gen.). Description. Slender, gracile and fully winged Xerosomatinae of medium size. Sexual dimorphism distinct with ♂♂ considerably more slender than ♀♀. Body length of ♂♂ 45–72.0 mm, ♀♀ 58.0–95.0 mm. Head longer than wide, dorsoventrally compressed; vertex flat; surface smooth in most species, sometimes bearing some minute granules. Antennae long and slender, as long as body (♀♀) or even longer than body (♂♂). Thorax and abdomen roughly circular in cross-section. Pronotum smooth or sometimes bearing some small granules, slightly longer than wide and more slender and shorter than head. Mesonotum with slightly granulose surface, 2.5–3.5x longer than pronotum. Rest of body smooth, without granules or spines. Tegmina oval, gently

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 43 tapered towards a rounded apex; smooth with fine venation, never with prominent sub-basal elevations or raised angles; reaching to centre of median segment or even posterior margin of median segment; 2–3x longer than wide. Alae fully developed, reaching to posterior margin of tergum V or even VII. Abdominal segments in ♂♂ and ♀♀ longer than wide. Sternum VII of ♀♀ with an indistinct praeopercular organ at best forming a very small lump-like swelling near posterior margin. Anal segment of ♂♂ distinctly tectiform, posterior margin and inner side set with numerous in-curving teeth ventrally. No vomer visible. Epiproct for about one third of its length incised posteromedially in ♂♂. Poculum small and flat, at best slightly projecting over posterior margin of tergum IX; posterior margin rounded or with a small median notch. Anal segment of ♀♀ posteriorly gently tapered and rounded; Epiproct deeply incised posteromedially. Subgenital plate flat and pointed towards posterior, at best reaching posterior margin of anal segment. Gonapophysis VIII forming flat and broad lobes, reaching to anterior or even posterior margin of anal segment. Cerci long and slender; distinctly tapered towards pointed apex and round in cross-section; as long as anal segment to up to 2x longer than anal segment. Legs slender, smooth and unarmed, profemora longer than mesothorax and hind legs distinctly shorter than abdomen; Profemora curved and compressed basally; Tarsi long and slender, basitarsi 2–3x longer than the second tarsomeres. Eggs: The only known eggs of Agrostia are those of A. cinerea, that were described and figured by Langlois & Bellanger (2012: 95), and the eggs of A. longicerca n. sp., that are described herein. Overall shape fairly typical for the subfamily Pseudophasmatinae. Capsule ± bullet-shaped and round in cross- section, polar-area rounded; with a micropylar mound, about 1.8x longer than wide. Capsule surface granulose and rugose and all over covered with a network of protruded structures. Micropylar plate small, slightly oval to circular, about 1/5 the length of capsule, positioned in the basal half of capsule. Operculum flat with a protruded structure in its centre. Comments. Redtenbacher (1906: 110) originally established Agrostia to comprise his two new species A. amoena and A. bipunctata and Phasma ega (Westwood, 1859). Two genera are here synonymised with Agrostia and seven species are transferred from other genera. Perliodes Redtenbacher, 1906 (Type-species Perliodes grisescens Redtenbacher, 1906: 137, pl. 5: 8, by subsequent designation of Zompro, 2000: 96) is here synonymised with Agrostia, because detailed examination of the type-species did not reveal any significant morphological features that would allow proper differentiation between the two genera (n. syn.). The syntype ♀ of P. grisescens in NHMW is here selected as the lectotype in order to guarantee stability of the taxon. This specimen however is conspecific with A. cinerea (Olivier, 1792) and hence synonymised herein (n. syn.), which consequently makes Perliodes a junior synonym of Agrostia (n. syn.). The paralectotypes in SMTD and ZMAS represent two different species and could both not serve for lectotype designation because they are in very bad condition. The specimen from Panama (Chiriqui) in ZMAS belongs in the genus Holca Redtenbacher, 1906. All other species previously attributed to Perliodes, are here also transferred to Agrostia, these are: Perliodes affinis Redtenbacher, 1906, Perliodes dubius (Piza, 1937), Perliodes nigrogranulosus Redtenbacher, 1906 and Per- liodes sexmaculatus Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.). Some of these might possibly deserve a new genus, but considerably more material will be necessary for any broader discussion and further taxonomic changes. Detailed examination of the type-specimens of Perliodes nigrogranulosus Redtenbacher, 1906 and Metriophas- ma (Metriophasma) ocellatum (Piza, 1937) has revealed that these two taxa are conspecific with Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835) and need to be synonymised (n. syn.). Isagoras rugicollis is here transferred to Agrostia (n. comb.). The type-species of Isagoras Stål, 1875, Isagoras obscurum Guérin-Méneville, 1838, is obviously not conspecific with I. rugicollis and herewith re-established as a valid species (rev. stat.). Brizoides viridipes (Rehn, 1905) and Brizoides graminea Redtenbacher, 1906 are here removed from Brizoides and transferred to Agrostia (n. comb.). Examination of Chlorophasma hyalina Redtenbacher, 1906, the type-species of Chlorophasma Redtenbacher, 1906, has proven this to be conspecific with A. graminea (Redtenbacher, 1906) and it is therefore synonymised (n. syn.). Consequently, the monotypic Chlorophasma falls as a synonym of Agrostia (n. syn.). Distribution. The genus is distributed from tropical Central America (Costa Rica and Panama) over most of the Amazon basin (Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname) and even has one species in Paraguay and one on the Lesser Antillean island of Tobago.

Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792) n. comb. [French Guiana; Suriname; Tobago] Agrostia longicerca n. sp. [French Guiana]

Key to the species of Agrostia from French Guiana:

♀♀ 1. Subgenital plate slightly projecting over posterior margin of abdominal segment VIII...... A. cinerea - Subgenital plate hardly reaching posterior margin of anal segment ...... A. longicerca n. sp.

♂♂ 1. Cerci at best as long as anal segment; poculum hardly projecting over posterior margin of abdominal segment IX...... A. cinerea - Cerci at least 1.5x longer than anal segment; poculum only reaching anterior margin of anal segment. . . . A. longicerca n. sp.

Eggs 1. Capsule less than two times longer than wide, no opercular angle...... A.cinerea - Capsule very elongated, more than two times longer than wide, opercular angle 45°...... A. longicerca n. sp.

Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792) n. comb. (Figs. 19–21)

Le Spectre de couleur cendrée, Stoll: 1788: 45, pl. 14: 56 (♀). Mantis cinerea Olivier, 1792: 641. HT, ♀: Suriname [RMNH—not traced]. NT [here selected], ♀: Guyane, Montagne de Kaw, 5–12 VIII 92, Roubaud, Auvray, Rarchaert rec. [MNHN]. (Description based on unnamed figure of Stoll, 1788, pl. 14: 56) Bragg, 1995: 25 Phasma cinerea, Stoll, 1813: 45, pl. 14: 56 HT, ♀: Suriname [RMNH—not traced]. NT [here selected], ♀: Guyane, Montagne de Kaw, 5–12 VIII 92, Roubaud, Auvray, Rarchaert rec. [MNHN]. (Junior objective synonym) Phasma cinereum, Gray, 1835: 25 Westwood, 1859: 121 Metriotes cinerea, Kirby, 1904: 416 Perliodes cinereus, Redtenbacher, 1906: 137 Olcyphides cinereus, Otte & Brock, 2005: 231 Mantis chloropus Lichtenstein, 1796: 81. HT, ♀: Suriname [RMNH—not traced]. NT [here selected], ♀: Guyane, Montagne de Kaw, 5–12 VIII 92, Roubaud, Auvray, Rarchaert rec. [MNHN]. (Description based on unnamed figure of Stoll, 1788, pl. 14: 56) (Junior objective synonym) Metriotes pallidus Chopard, 1911: 341. HT, ♀: Guyane Française, St.-Jean du Maroni, Collection le Moult; Janvier; Metriotes pallidus Chopard ♀; Museum Paris, Collection Lucien Chopard; type [MNHN]. n. syn. Metriophasma (Metriophasma) pallidus, Otte & Brock, 2005: 202 Metriophasma (Metriophasma) pallidum, Langlois & Bellanger, 2012: 94, figs. Perliodes grisescens Redtenbacher, 1906: 137. LT, ♀ (by present designation): Paramaribo, Michaelis; Mus.Caes. Vindobon.; det.Redtenb. Perliodes grisescens; Perliodes grisescens Redt. [NHMW, No. 224]; PLT, ♀: Chiriqui; Heyne 90.; 91; Per- liodes grisescens Redt., Brunn. Redt. det. [ZMAS] (A different species that belongs to the genus Holca Redtenbacher, 1906); PLT, 2 ♂, 1 ♀: Brazil [SMTD]. n. syn. Shelford, 1909: 374 Zompro, 2000: 96 Zompro, 2003: 37 Zompro, 2004: 106 Otte & Brock, 2005: 258 Brock, 2007: 43 Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 43 Olcyphides grisescens, Brock, 1998: 32

Further material [17 ♂♂, 34 ♀♀, 15 eggs]: FRENCH GUIANA: 1 ♀: Guyane Française, Nouveau Chantier, Collection le Moult; Mai; Metriotes pallidus Chopard ♀; Museum Paris, Collection Lucien Chopard [MNHN]; 1

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 45 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Remire-Montjoly, Route d’Attila Cabassou, 4°53’26.3”N–52°17’47.4”W, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 18.11.2010 [coll. OC, No. 0308-1]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Mana & Saint-Elie, Réserve Naturelle de la Trinité—Zone Aya, 4°36’3’’N–53°24’43’’W, 140m, S.E.A.G., leg. Sté- phane Brûlé 30.05.2012 [coll. OC, No. 0308-2]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Belvédère de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 09.09.2010 [coll. OC, No. 0308-3]; 2 ♀♀: Fran- zösisch Guyana: Montagnes de Roura, Eskol Route, 50m, 4°42’N, 52°17’W, leg. Conle & Hennemann 19. & 29.09.2001 [coll. OC, No. 0308-4, 0308-8]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Che- vaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 14.09.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0308- 5]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.02.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0308-6]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Réserve Naturelle des Nouragues—Camp Inselberg, 4°05’ N–52°41’W, 411m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.07.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0308-7]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Che- vaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 2010 [coll. OC, No. 0308-9]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé, 4°02’N–52°41’W, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 2010 [coll. OC, No. 0308-10]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 09.08.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0308- 11]; 1 ♀, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, leg. Roubaud et al. 07.1993 [coll. OC, No. 0308-12, 0308- 18]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Mana, Montagne de Feu, leg. Pierre-Henri Dalens 26.07.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0308-13]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvedere de Saül, 3°37’22”N– 53°12’57”W, 326m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.09.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0308-14]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guy- ana: Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvedere de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326m, S.E.A.G., leg. Sté- phane Brûlé 28.02.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0308-15]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Belvédère de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 10.12.2010 [coll. OC, No. 0308-16]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 09.11.2008 [coll. OC, No. 0308-17]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Com- mune de Régina, Réserve Naturelle des Nouragues—Camp Inselberg, 4°05’ N–52°41’W, 411m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 17.01.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0308-19]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 05.12.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0308-20]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.11.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0308-21]; 1 ♂: GUY13-050, 08–23.X.2013, Guyane fr.—Saül, rec. ASPER, coll. ASPER-PL [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♀: GUY13-065, 08–23.X.2013, Guyane fr.—Saül, rec. ASPER, coll. ASPER-PL [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♀: Guyane Française, Kourou, Wayabo,IX-2013,GUYASPER-012, coll. F. Sonzogny, leg. A. Cahurel [YB]; 1 ♀: 620/85, Cayenne, Mr. Prudhom- me // Perliodes Cinereus Stoll [MHNG]; 1 ♂: 620/60, Cayenne, Mr. Deyrolle? // Perliodes Cinereus Stoll [MHNG]; 2 ♂♂: no data, coll. Roubaud [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Guyane, Saul, coll. Roubaud [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Guyane, Piste de Kaw, PK36, 7-VIII, coll. Roubaud, P.E Roubaud det. [MNHN]; 1 ♀: no data, D, BreVice rec. coll. Roubaud, [MNHN]; 1 ♂: Guyane Française, Roches de Kourou; Collection LeMoult, Naturaliste, Paris; Collection L. Chopard 1919; Coll 1 [MNHN]; 1 ♂: Metriophasma pallidus, TOB08-109, trace Gilpin—Tobago—24.X.2008 [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Metriophasma pallidus, TOB08-108, trace á 1,7 km á l’est de la trace Gilpin—Tobago—31.X.2008 [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Metriophasma pallidus, TOB08-073, trace á 1,7 km á l’est de la trace Gilpin—Tobago—31.X.2008 [YB]; 1 ♀: Metriophasma pallidus, TOB08-105, trace Gilpin—Tobago—24.X.2008 [YB]; 1 ♀, 1 ♂: Guyane, Cayenne, Collec- tion de Finot [MNHN]; 1 ♂: Guyane, Collection de Finot [MNHN]; 1 ♀: GUYKAW16-032, Guyane fr., Route de Kaw, Camp Caïman—PK28 depuis Roura, 4°34’11,7”N– 52°12’41,8”W, alt. 300 m. 11.XI.2016 rec. Y. Bellanger & P. Lelong [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♀: GUYKAW16-036, Guyane fr., Route de Kaw, Camp Caïman—PK27 depuis Roura, 4°34’15,5’’N–52°12’56,3’’W, alt. 300 m. 09.XI.2016 rec. Y. Bellanger & P. Lelong [ASPER-YB]; 1 ♂: GUY- TRI16-013, Guyane fr., RNN de la Trinité, Drop-zone Aya, N4°36’3,7’’;W53°24’43,5’’, alt. 139 m. 07.XI.2016 rec. P. Lelong & Y. Bellanger [MNHN]; 1 ♀: GUYTRI16-010, Guyane fr., RNN de la Trinité, Inselberg Roche-Bénitier, N4°37’16,3’’;W53°24’26,5’’, alt. 416 m. 05.XI.2016 rec. P. Lelong & Y. Bellanger [MNHN]; 1 ♀: GUY15-020, Guyane, Crique Margot, N5°30.842’W54°00.059’, 03-VIII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♀: GUY15-021, Guyane, Crique Margot, N5°30.842’W54°00.059’, 03-VIII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♀: GUY15-022, Guyane, Crique Margot, N5°30.842’W54°00.059’, 03-VIII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♂ : GUY15-023, Guyane, Crique Margot, N5°30.842’W54°00.059’, 03-VIII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♂ : GUY15-024,

46 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. Guyane, Crique Margot, N5°30.842’W54°00.059’, 03-VIII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♀: GUY15-026, Guyane, Crique Patate, N4°56.850’W52°29.306’, 18-VII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♀: GUY15-026, Guyane, Route de Roura, N4°42.397’W52°18.126’, 13-VII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♂: GUY15-089, Guyane française, Camp Caïman, N4°33.610’W52°11.359’, 16-VIII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]; 8 eggs from ♀: GUY15-026, Guyane, Crique Patate, rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]; 1 egg from ♀: Tobago, 2008 [ASPER- PL]; 6 eggs from ♀: GUY15-026, Guyane, Crique Patate, rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-YB]. Differentiation. Similar to Agrostia longicerca n. sp., but distinguished by: the relatively shorter abdomen and longer tegmina in both sexes; the shorter cerci that are only as long as the anal segment, and shorter, not incised poculum which reaches only towards posterior margin of tergum IX in the ♂♂; as well as the shorter gonapophysis VIII that form flat and broad lobes and reach only to the anterior margin of the anal segment in the ♀♀. Description. ♀ (Figs. 19–20). Typical size and body shape for the genus. Length of body 61.0–73.0 mm. General colour of body pale yellowish brown to beige with indistinct pale mottling and some fine darker lines and tiny spots. Antennae straw-coloured with black annulations, which can also be absent. Tegmina and costal area of alae often having white spots and markings. Anal area of alae flesh-coloured translucent. Legs straw-coloured to greenish-beige. In a few specimens the lateral sides of thorax, head and profemora can be black. Cerci at best as long as anal segment. Subgenital plate flat and pointed towards posterior, slightly projecting over posterior margin of abdominal segment VIII. Gonapophysis VIII forming flat and broad lobes, reaching to anterior margin of anal segment. Measurements NT [mm]: Body 70.7, pronotum 3.2, mesonotum 9.6, metanotum 4.9, median segment 3.2, tegmina 10.1, alae 44.8, profemora 12.9, mesofemora 8.8, metafemora 11.8, antennae 49.4. ♂ (Fig. 21). Length of body 48.0–55.0 mm. Similar to ♀, but more slender and dark postocular line and dorsomedian line more distinct. Tegmina sometimes with a large oval creamish-white central spot. Lateral granules on mesonotum often dark brown to black. Cerci as long as anal segment. Poculum small and flat, reaching posterior margin of tergum IX; posterior margin rounded. Variability:The colouration of this species shows considerable variability. Most specimens are uniformly pale brown or drab to yellowish brown with indistinct pale mottling. Some specimens however may have contrasting whitish spots on the tegmina and costal area of the alae. The antennae are usually distinctly annulated with black although these annulations can be very faint in some specimens. A very few specimens have the lateral surfaces of the head and thorax and outer lateral surface of the profemora black. Egg (Fig. 19). Capsule elongated and somewhat bulgy in the centre, slightly higher than wide, 1.7 times longer than high and 1.6 times longer than wide. Capsule brown to pale brown, covered by irregular alveolar bulging carinae. Micropylar plate of same colour as capsule, almost round and small (capsule more than four times longer than micropylar plate), with a raised margin. Inside the micropylar plate there is a raised irregular line reaching from its centre to the median line. Micropylar cup very small. Operculum flat and slightly oval with a roughly structured and raised crown in the centre. Measurements [mm]: Length 2.6–2.7; width 1.6–1.7; height 1.8–1.9; diameter of operculum 1.0–1.4. Comments. Olivier (1792: 641) described Mantis cinerea based on an unnamed figure provided by Stoll (1788: 45, plate 14: 56). Stoll (1813: 76, pl. 14: 56) subsequently named the illustrated specimen as did Lichtenstein (1796: 81) but both these names are junior objective synonyms of Olivier’s taxon. Careful examination of Stoll’s plate (1813: PL.XIV) and considering the artists special style of illustrating specimens clearly shows Mantis cinerea Olivier, 1792 is conspecific with Metriotes pallidus Chopard, 1911 and Perliodes grisescens Redtenbacher, 1906. All three taxa represent the same fairly common and widely distributed species, hence the latter two species are here synonymised with Olivier’s cinerea (n. syn.). Since the type specimen of Mantis cinerea Olivier, 1792 is lost, a ♀ in MNHN is here selected as the neotype (Fig. 20). The same specimen consequently also becomes the neotype of Stoll’s Phasma cinerea and Lichtenstein’s Mantis chloropus. The paralectotypes of P. grisescens in SMTD and ZMAS represent different species. The ZMAS specimen from Panama (Chiriqui) belongs to the genus Holca Redtenbacher, 1906. Burmeister (1838: 584) listed the species, but his specimen was misidentified and represents a different species. Zompro (2005: 258) designated a LT for Phasma cinereum Burmeister, 1838, which was not necessary because Burmeister did not intend to describe a new species but only cited Phasma cinerea Stoll, 1813. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of both sexes and the eggs were presented by Langlois & Bellanger (2012: 94).

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 47 FIGURE 19. Female and egg of Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792) n. comb. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal; j–l. egg: j. dorsal; k. lateral; l. frontal.

Distribution. French Guiana: Montagne de Kaw [MNHN], Route de Kaw [MNHN], St.-Jean du Maroni [MNHN], Commune de Remire-Montjoly, Route d’Attila Cabassou [coll. OC], Nouveau Chantier [MNHN], Com- mune de Mana & Saint-Elie, Réserve Naturelle de la Trinité—Zone Aya [coll. OC, ASPER], Commune de Mana, Montagne de Feu [coll. OC]; Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé [coll. OC], Commune de Régina, Réserve Naturelle des Nouragues—Camp Inselberg [coll. OC], Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [coll. OC], Commune de Saül [coll. OC, MNHN], Montagnes de Roura, Eskol Route [coll. OC], Kourou, Wayabo [YB], Cayenne [MHNG, MNHN], Roches de Kourou [MNHN], Route de Kaw, Camp Caïman [ASPER], Inselberg Roche- Bénitier [ASPER], Crique Margot [ASPER], Crique Patate [ASPER]. Suriname: Paramaribo [NHMW].Tobago, Gilpin trail [MNHN]. Brazil [SMTD]. The species is fairly common and widely distributed in French Guiana and Suriname. It has not yet been recorded from Venezuela and Guyana, but it is very likely to be found there as well.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 49 FIGURE 21. Male of Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792) n. comb. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

HT, ♂: Trois Sauts, 10-III-1976; Museum Paris, Guyane (Oyapock), M. Descamps rec. [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♂: 22.VII., A3 S4 N°3, P.E. Roubaud det. [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♂: Guyane, Montagne de Kaw, 5.–12.VIII. 92, Roubaud, Auvray, Rarchaert rec. [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvedere de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 06.05.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0347-1]. PT, 1 ♂: GUY13-064, 8–23.X.2013, Guyane fr.—Saül, rec. ASPER coll. ASPER; GUY13-064, Saül—Guyane, 08–21.XI.2013, Col. ASPER: Y. Bellanger, T. Jourdan & P. Lelong [ASPER-PL]. PT, 1 ♀: Guyane, Sinamary, route menant au sentier de St Elie, 17.III.2012, coll. & leg. C. Bouladou-Dupré [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♀: 1 mai 2006 á vue, L. de téte 19h á 22h00, Chilibombo; rte P. lanard, forét de Margot, Th. Rosant (Guy. Fr.); Rosant Th. N° 3946 [coll. TR, No. 3946]. PT, 1 ♀: GUY15-015, Guyane, St-Elie, N5°17.725’W53°03.093’, 05-VIII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]. PT, 1 ♀: GUY15-041, Guyane, Route de Mana, N5°33.941’W53°52.744’, 28-VII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER- PL]. PT, 1 ♀: GUY15-042, Guyane, Route de Mana, N5°33.941’W53°52.744’, 28-VII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER- PL]. PT, 1 ♂: GUY15-093, Guyane française, Scierie de St George, N3°57.018’W51°51.319’, 14-VIII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]. PT, 1 ♂: GUY15-100, Guyane française, Route de Roura, N4°41.757’W52°18.339, 9-VIII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]. PT, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 egg: Französisch Guyana, Montagnes de Kaw, Piste de Kaw, 250 m, 4°34´N, 52°11´W, leg. Hennemann & Conle, 20., 27. & 29. IX. 2001 [coll. FH, No’s 0483-1 to 2 & E]. PT, eggs: 1 from one of the 2 wild females: PT GUY15-041 or PT GUY15-042 (see above) [ASPER-PL]; 5 from 2 wild females: PT GUY15-041 and PT GUY15-042 (see above) [ASPER-YB].

Etymology. The name of this new species refers to its characteristic long and slender cerci that are considerably longer than the anal segment. Differentiation. Similar to A. cinerea (Olivier, 1792), but distinguished by: the distinctly longer abdomen, somewhat shorter tegmina and the dark longitudinal median line along the entire ventral body surface in both sexes; the longer cerci that are at least 1.5x longer than the anal segment and longer, distinctly incised poculum, which reaches about half way along the anal segment in the ♂♂; as well as the distinctly longer gonapophysis VIII in the ♀♀ which reach towards the posterior margin of the anal segment. Description. ♀ (Fig. 22). Of medium size for the genus. Length of body 71.4–75.0 mm. General colour of body pale straw to beige with indistinct dark mottling and spots. Antennae straw-coloured with black annulations, which can also be absent. Eyes pale straw to drab greenish. Ventral body surface from prosternum to subgenital plate with a ventromedian carina. Anal area of alae flesh-coloured to translucent brown. Legs straw-coloured to greenish-beige with indistinct mottling. Cerci prominent, distinctly pointed towards apex and at least as long as anal segment. Subgenital plate flat and pointed towards posterior, slightly projecting over posterior margin of abdominal segment VIII. Gonapophysis VIII elongate, forming flat and long lobes, reaching to posterior margin of anal segment. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 71.4–75.0, pronotum 3.0–3.1, mesonotum 8.4–8.5, metanotum 4.9–5.5, median segment 6.8–7.0, tegmina 7.9–8.7, alae 41.8–44.2, profemora 13.5–16.0, mesofemora 8.9–10.0, metafemora 12.6–13.2, antennae 48.1–59.0. ♂ (Figs. 23–24). Typical size but very slender body shape for the genus. Length of body 58.0–64.4 mm. General colour of body pale straw to beige with indistinct dark mottling and tiny spots; ventral body surface from prosternum to poculum with a ventromedian carina. Antennae straw-coloured, sometimes with indistinct black annulations. Dark postocular line behind the eyes. Tegmina and costal area of alae of same colour as thorax, sometimes with some distinct small black spots. Anal area of alae flesh-coloured to brownish translucent. Legs straw-coloured to greenish-beige with indistinct mottling. Cerci prominent, distinctly pointed towards apex and at least 1.5x longer than anal segment. Anal segment distinctly narrowed towards posterior margin. Poculum elongate, reaching to centre of anal segment, distinctly incised at posterior margin.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 51 FIGURE 22. Female (PT) and egg (PT) of Agrostia longicerca n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head and prothorax: d. ventral; e. dorsolateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal; j–l. egg: j. dorsal; k. lateral; l. frontal.

FIGURE 24. Male (PT) of Agrostia longicerca n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. dorsal; b. lateral; c. ventral; d. head, prothorax and mesothorax in dorsal view; e–g. apex of abdomen: e. dorsal; f. lateral; g. ventral.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 53 Measurements HT [mm]: Body 60.1, pronotum 2.2, mesonotum 7.1, tegmina 5.7, alae 32.0, profemora 13.7, mesofemora 7.7, metafemora 11.8, antennae 82.8. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 58.0–64.4, pronotum 2.4–2.6, mesonotum 5.2–6.3, metanotum + median segment 9.5–10.0, tegmina 5.7–6.1, alae 33.1–34.4, profemora 13.6–15.2, mesofemora 7.9–8.1, metafemora 11.2–12.0, antennae 58.2–61.8. Egg (Fig. 22). Of large size for the genus. Capsule very elongated and almost cylindrical, slightly higher than wide, 2.7 longer than wide and 2.5 times longer than high. Capsule brown to dark brown, surface covered by a fine and irregular net-like structure of carinae with smooth areas in between. Micropylar plate elongate and 2/3 the length of capsule, 4x longer than wide; irregularly raised elevations in its centre. Micropylar cup small and connected to a long median line, running towards polar area. Operculum ovoid and flat, positioned in 45° angle towards the dorsal area; surface roughly structured. Measurements PT [mm]: Length 4.0, width 1.7, height 1.7, diameter of operculum 1.2–1.3. Distribution. The species is so far known from French Guiana: Montagne de kaw [coll. FH, MNHN], Com- mune de Saül [coll. OC, ASPER], Sinnamary [MNHN], Chilibombo [TR], St-Laurent-du-Maroni [ASPER], St-Elie [ASPER], Route de Mana [ASPER], Scierie de St George [ASPER], Trois Sauts, Oyapock River [MNHN]. Most likely, also found throughout the northeastern portions of Brazil.

5.3.2. Isagoras Stål, 1875

Type-species: Phasma obscurum Guérin-Méneville, 1829–1838: 72, by subsequent designation of Kirby, 1904: 413.

Isagoras Stål, 1875: 59, 98 Kirby, 1904: 415 (in part) Redtenbacher, 1906: 133 (in part) Shelford, 1909: 373 Hebard, 1933: 35 (in part) Günther, 1940: 494 Piza, 1944: 46 Piza, 1946: 155 Rehn, 1947: 1 (in part) Bradley & Galil, 1977: 202 Bragg, 2001: 635, 646 Zompro, 2004: 312 (in part) Otte & Brock, 2005: 164 (in part) Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 41 (in part) Heleodoro & Rafael, 2018: 596 Planudes Stål, 1875: 59, 98. (Type-species: Planudes perillus Stål, 1875:98, by subsequent designation of Rehn, 1904:99) n. syn. Rehn, J.A.G. 1904: 99 Kirby, 1904: 417 (in part) Redtenbacher, 1906: 131 Shelford, 1909: 373 Piza, 1946: 155 Ragge, 1955: 377 Bradley & Galil, 1977: 202 Bragg, 2001: 641 Zompro, 2004: 319 Otte & Brock, 2005: 278 Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 44 Heleodoro & Rafael, 2018: 596 Metriotes, Westwood, 1859: 160 (in part) Saussure, 1868: 69 Olcyphides, Kirby, 1904: 410 (in part) Phasma, Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 72 (in part) Haan, 1842: 124 (in part) Westwood, 1859: 125 (in part) Bolívar, 1896: 13 (in part)

54 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. Pseudophasma, Kirby, 1904: 412, 413 (in part) Xerosoma, Rehn, 1904: 101 Kirby, 1904: 416 (in part) Redtenbacher, 1906: 144 (in part) Shelford, 1909: 375 (in part) Otte, 1978: 78 Otte & Brock, 2005: 343 (in part)

Species included:

Isagoras apolinari Hebard, 1933: 37 [Colombia] Isagoras asperus (Bellanger & Conle, 2013: 503), figs. n. comb. [Costa Rica] Isagoras aurocaudata Heleodoro & Rafael, 2018: 586, figs. [Brazil: Minas Gerais] Isagoras bishopi Rehn, 1947: 8 [Panama] Isagoras brevipes Redtenbacher, 1906: 134 [Brazil: Espírito Santo] Isagoras brunni (Redtenbacher, 1906: 132) n. comb. [Venezuela] Isagoras cortex (Hebard, 1919: 155), pl. 22:4 n. comb. [Colombia] Isagoras crenulipes (Rehn, 1904: 100) n. comb. [Costa Rica] Isagoras dentipes Redtenbacher, 1906: 134 [Panama] Isagoras ecuadoricus Hebard, 1933: 37 [Ecuador] Isagoras funestus (Redtenbacher, 1906: 132) n. comb. [Colombia] Isagoras glyptomerion (Rehn, 1904): 101 n. comb. [Panama, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Colombia] . Isagoras jurinei (Saussure, 1868): 69 [Brazil: Amazonas] Isagoras kheili (Bolívar, 1896): 13 [Colombia, Venezuela] Isagoras melzeri (Piza, 1937: 6) n. comb. [Brazil: São Paulo] Isagoras molorchus (Westwood, 1859: 29) pl. 24:4 n. comb. [Colombia] Isagoras obscurum (Guérin-Méneville, 1838:72) rev. stat. [Brazil: Bahía; French Guiana] Isagoras paulensis Piza, 1944: 46 [Brazil: São Paulo] Isagoras paxillus (Westwood, 1859: 127) pl. 11:5 n. comb. [Brazil] Isagoras perillus (Stål, 1875: 98) n. comb. [Brazil: Rio de Janeiro] Isagoras phlegyas (Westwood, 1859): 125 [Brazil: Paraíba] Isagoras plagiatus Redtenbacher, 1906: 135 [Colombia] Isagoras pygmaeus (Redtenbacher, 1906: 69) n. comb. [Colombia] Isagoras similis n. sp. [French Guiana] Isagoras subaquilus Rehn, 1947: 13 [Costa Rica] Isagoras tacanae Günther, 1940: 494 [Colombia, Peru, Brazil: Amazonas] Isagoras taeniatus (Piza, 1944: 43) n. comb. [Brazil: São Paulo] Isagoras venezuelae Rehn, 1947: 6 [Venezuela] Isagoras vignieri (Redtenbacher, 1906): 144 [Panama]

Differentiation. Closely related to Tenerella Redtenbacher, 1906, but distinguished by the longer tegmina in both sexes, that at least reach half way along median segment. ♀♀ differ by the longer subgenital plate that reaches to centre of anal segment or at least half way along tergum IX. ♂♂ differ by the short and cup-shaped poculum, that reaches at least half way along anal segment; the lack of lateral, finger-like extensions of the subgenital plate that form the poculum as well as the longer anal segment and the shorter cerci. From Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 it is distinguished by the shorter, simple cerci, the tegmina bearing prominent sub-basal elevations or raised angles and legs in both sexes having some of the carinae undulate. ♂♂ additionally differ by the more bulgy and larger poculum, which reaches at least half way along anal segment. Description. Medium sized to large and apterous to fully winged Xerosomatinae. Sexual dimorphism distinct with ♂♂ more slender and smaller than ♀♀. Body length of ♂♂ 47.0–66.0 mm, ♀♀61.0–102.0 mm. Head slightly longer than wide, dorsoventrally compressed; vertex flat to slightly raised; surface covered with more or less prominent granules. With indistinct ocelli. Antennae slender, but not very long, shorter than body (♀♀) or as long as body (♂♂).

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 55 Thorax and abdomen roughly cylindrical. Pronotum wrinkled and often covered with small granules, slightly longer than wide and more slender and at best as long as head. Mesonotum wrinkled and often bearing small and large granules, 2.5–3.5x longer than pronotum. Rest of body more or less smooth. Tegmina oval, posterior margin rounded; with strong venation and with distinctly raised sub-basal elevations; reaching to centre of median segment or even reaching posterior margin of median segment. Alae absent, brachypterous or fully developed, then often reaching to posterior margin of tergum VII or even VIII. Anal area of alae translucent or tessellate. Abdominal segments in ♂♂ and ♀♀ longer than wide. Anal segment of ♂♂ tectiform, as long as or even longer than tergum IX, posterior margin and inner surface set with numerous in-curving teeth ventrally. No vomer. Epiproct deeply incised posteromedially in ♂♂. Poculum short and cup-shaped, reaching posterior margin of anal segment or at least reaching centre of anal segment; posterior margin rounded. Sternum VII of ♀♀ with an indistinct praeopercular organ at best forming a very small lump-like median swelling near posterior margin. Anal segment of ♀♀ posteriorly gently tapered and rounded or flattened; Epiproct deeply incised posteromedially. Subgenital plate flat, reaching to centre to anal segment or at least to centre of tergum IX, posterior margin rounded or with pointed apex. Gonapophysis VIII forming flat and broad lobes, reaching to centre of anal segment, framing two smaller gonapophysis. Cerci short and small, tapered towards a rounded apex, round in cross-section, a third to half the length of anal segment. Legs slender, smooth, or bearing undulate lobes on femora and tibiae; Profemora slightly longer than mesothorax and hind legs distinctly shorter than abdomen; Profemora curved and compressed basally. Tarsi long and slender, basitarsi 2–2.5x longer than the second tarsomere. Eggs: Capsule barrel-shaped, almost round in cross-section and 1.5–2x longer than wide; polar area slightly impressed. Entire surface of capsule covered with raised net-like venation. Micropylar plate small, almost circular to slightly oval in outline. Operculum almost circular with a crown-like raised structure in the centre. Comments. In its current composition Isagoras Stål, 1875 is clearly a polyphyletic genus, which comprises species that certainly will prove to belong to several generic units once more material becomes available and more detailed and comprehensive studies are undertaken on the numerous species currently attributed to the genus. Detailed comparison of the type-species of Isagoras Stål, 1875 and Planudes Stål, 1875 strongly supports a synonymy of these two genera with most species currently attributed to Planudes just representing brachypterous or apterous forms of Isagoras, which traditionally only included fully winged species. Therefore, Planudes Stål, 1875 is here regarded a synonym of Isagoras Stål, 1875 (n. syn.) and all species of Planudes automatically become members of Isagoras. Several species formerly attributed to Isagoras have proven to be not congeneric and are here transferred to the very closely related Tenerella Redtenbacher, 1906. These species are: Isagoras affinis Chopard, 1911, Isagoras chocoensis Hebard, 1921, Isagoras metricus Rehn, 1947 and Isagoras schraderi Rehn, 1947 (n. comb.). Careful examination of the necessary type-material has resulted in that four species are here removed from Isagoras. Is- agoras santara (Westwood, 1859) clearly represents a member of Periphloea Redtenbacher, 1906 and is therefore transferred to that genus (n. comb.) and Isagoras sauropterus Rehn, 1947 is transferred to Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.). Isagoras chopardi Hebard, 1933 is found to be conspecific with Tenerella cneius (Westwood, 1859) and here synonymised (n. syn.). Isagoras nitidus Redtenbacher, 1906 is found to be a new synonym of Anisa flavomaculatus (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.), the only known species of this interesting genus. Xerosoma glyptomerion Rehn, 1904 is here transferred from the genus Xerosoma Serville, 1831 (n. comb.) and I. proximus Redtenbacher, 1906 from Ecuador is found to be a synonym of I. glyptomerion (Rehn, 1904) (n. syn.). Detailed examination of the description and plate of Phasma obscurum Guérin-Méneville, 1838 revealed ob- vious distinctive characteristics that prove this species cannot be a synonym of Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835). Consequently, I. obscurum is here re-established as a valid species (rev. stat.). A ♂ from Cayenne in MNHN and identified as I. obscurum Guérin-Méneville, 1838 (possibly by Redtenbacher) is likely to represent the currently unknown opposite sex of I. rugicollis, which is so far only known from the drawing of the ♀. Hence, I. rugicollis might be represented in French Guiana but is not included in the checklist below before the identity of the specimen can be confirmed by new material of both sexes. Redtenbacher (1906: 134) described Isagoras brevipes. There are two ST ♀♀ of this species in NHMW. Redten- bacher only listed the ♀ ST from Espírito Santo, but also included the measurements of the other specimen from Bahía, so in that case it is supposed that the ♀ from Bahía belongs to the series of Redtenbacher’s types. For Isagoras plagiatus Redtenbacher, 1906 one of the best preserved and complete ♂♂ (spread wings) of the

56 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. ST series is here selected as LT: Museum Paris, Bogota, 201-62; Isagoras plagiatus Redt. [MNHN]! Most of the other syntypes, stored in NHMW, MNMS, ZIN, ZMUH and NHMUK are not conspecific with this LT, but in fact represent various different species. Distribution. The genus is distributed from southern Central America (Costa Rica & Panama) over Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guiana, Suriname, French Guiana and entire Brazil as far south west as Peru.

Species of Isagoras recorded from French Guiana:

Isagoras obscurum (Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 72, pl. 43) rev. stat. [Brazil: Bahía; French Guiana] Isagoras similis n. sp. [French Guiana]

Key to the species of Isagoras from French Guiana

♂♂ 1. Cerci slightly projecting over posterior margin of anal segment...... I. obscurum - Cerci not reaching posterior margin and hidden under anal segment ...... I. similis n. sp.

♀♀ 1. Profemora simple and slender ...... I. obscurum - Profemora undulate ...... I. similis n. sp.

Isagoras similis n. sp. (Figs. 25–27)

HT, ♂: Arataye Affl. Approuagues, 8km NE pied Saut Parare, 8.V.1988; Mus. Paris, Guyane Française, L. Desutter rec.; Chasse de nuit [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♀: Guyane Franc., St.-Jean du Maroni, Collection le Moult; Mus. Paris, Collection L. Chopard 1919. [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé, 4°02’N–52°41’W, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 03.09.2009 [coll. OC, No. 0302-1]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé, 4°02’N–52°41’W, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 2010 [coll. OC, No. 0302-2]. PT, 2 ♂♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Petite Montagne Tortue (Ost), Terra firme, 04°19’14.1N– 52°14’27.5W, S.E.A.G., leg. Greg Lamarre 23.06.2010 [coll. OC, No. 0302-3, 0302-5]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé, 4°02’N–52°41’W, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.07.2010 [coll. OC, No. 0302-4]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé, 4°02’N–52°41’W, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 28.06.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0302-6]. PT, 1 ♀: GUY13-128, Guyane, Saül, 8-23.X.2013, coll. ASPER [MNHN]. PT, 5 eggs from: GUY13-128, Guyane, Saül, 2013 [ASPER-PL]. PT, 8 eggs from: GUY13-128, Guyane, Saül, 2013 [ASPER-YB].

Etymology. The name of this new species emphasizes on the conspicuous overall similarity with Isagoras brevipes Redtenbacher, 1906 from Brazil and Isagoras tacanae Günther, 1940. Differentiation. ♂♂ of this new species are similar to I. tacanae Günther, 1940, I. obscurum (Guérin-Ménev- ille, 1838) and I. brevipes Redtenbacher, 1906. From the first ♂♂ clearly differ by the shorter and not pointed anal segment. From I. brevipes it differs by the posteriorly flattened anal segment in ♂♂, which has the posterior margin only half as broad as the anterior margin (almost of uniform width in brevipes) and the longer profemora in the ♀♀ (at least 2.5x longer than head). From I. obscurum (Guérin-Méneville, 1838) it differs by the distinctly shorter cerci in both sexes.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 57 FIGURE 25. Female (PT) and egg (PT) of Isagoras similis n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal; j–l. egg: j. dorsal; k. lateral; l. frontal.

58 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. Description. ♀ (Fig. 25). Typical size for the genus. Length of body 67.2–67.3mm. General colour of body beige to dark brown with indistinct drab mottling. Head, thorax and abdomen studded with many granules. Me- sonotum 3x longer than pronotum. Antennae straw-coloured with indistinct brown annulations. Tegmina and costal area of alae dark brown with indistinct brown mottling to beige with greenish-beige speckles; sub-basal elevations distinctly raised, convex and of rough structure. Anal area of alae uniformly brownish translucent. Alae reaching posterior margin of tergum VII or even IX. Legs straw-coloured to brown with dark brown indistinct mottling. Pro- femora and protibia undulate. Cerci small and short, round in cross-section, constricted towards a rounded apex, at best reaching posterior margin of anal segment. Subgenital plate short and flat, constricted towards a rounded apex, at best reaching centre of tergum VIII. Epiproct deeply incised posteromedially. Gonapophysis slightly projecting over posterior margin of tergum IX. Profemora about 2.5x longer than head. Basitarsus 2x longer than second tarsomere. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 67.2–67.3, pronotum 4.1–4.5, mesonotum 10.3–11.5, metanotum 7.1–7.2, median segment 3.0–3.1, tegmina 9.5–11.3, alae 38.5–44.7, profemora 10.2–10.5, mesofemora 9.7–9.7, metafemora 12.8–13.8, antennae > 26.0–27.5. ♂ (Figs. 26–27). Length of body 50.5–56.5 mm. Similar to ♀, but more slender, mesonotum 3.5–4x longer than pronotum and profemora and protibia simple, at best profemora slightly undulate. Cerci very short and small, one third of the length of anal segment, constricted towards posterior, not reaching posterior margin of anal segment. Anal segment constricted towards posterior (in lateral aspect), the posterior margin only half as broad as anterior margin; distinct rounded notch for the cerci. Poculum large and bowl-shaped, reaching to anterior third of anal segment; having a distinct ventromedian keel that reaches from anterior margin to the rounded posterior margin. Posterior margin of the epiproct distinctly incised.

FIGURE 26. Male (HT) of Isagoras similis n. sp. a–b. habitus: a. lateral; b. dorsal.

Measurements HT [mm]: Body 50.4, pronotum 1.3, mesonotum 8.9, tegmina 6.6, alae 31.9, profemora 9.4, mesofemora 7.7, metafemora 11.0, antennae >47.9. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 50.5–56.5, pronotum 2.5–2.7, mesonotum 8.5–9.7, metanotum 4.5, median segment 2.3, tegmina 6.2–6.6, alae 31.3–33.9, profemora 8.5–10.3, mesofemora 7.3–8.1, metafemora 10.4–12.4, antennae > 51.0. Egg (Fig. 25). Small, barrel shaped and slightly ovoid in centre, 1.4x longer than wide; brown; surface densely covered with minute rounded granules; set with many setae all over capsule and operculum. Micropylar plate small and oval, 1.4x longer than wide; at best 1/4 the length of capsule. Median line about as long as micropylar plate. Operculum oval, 1.1x higher than wide, slightly convex, surface as in capsule. Measurements PT [mm]: Total length 2.3, length 2.1, width 1.5, height 1.7, diameter of operculum 0.8–0.9, length of the micropylar plate 0.6. Distribution. French Guiana: Arataye Affl. Approuagues [MNHN]; St.-Jean du Maroni [MNHN]; Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé [coll. OC]; Commune de Régina, Petite Montagne Tortue (Ost) [coll. OC]; Saül [MNHN].

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 59 FIGURE 27. Male (PT) of Isagoras similis n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

Phasma obscurum Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 72, pl. 43. HT, ♀: Brésil, Bahia—not traced Guérin-Méneville, 1838: pl. 235 Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 152, pl. 43 Haan, 1842: 124 Isagoras obscurus, Stål, 1875: 98 Zompro, 2004: 109, fig. Metriotes obscura, Westwood, 1859: 160 Metriotes obscurus, Kirby: 1904: 415

[Note: Isagoras rugicollis Gray, 1835: 38. Erroneous synonym of Redtenbacher (1906: 135); Phasma obscurum Guérin-Mén- eville, 1838 here reinstated as a valid species]

Further material: FRENCH GUIANA: 1 ♂: Museum Paris, Cayenne, Reicie 1840; 101. Isagoras obscurus guérin; 101 a) [MNHN]. Differentiation. From Isagoras similis n. sp. it differs by the distinctly longer cerci in both sexes. Description. ♀. Relatively large for the genus. Length of body 98.0 mm. General colour of body chestnut- brown to dark-brown. Head and thorax bearing many small granules. Mesonotum 2.5x longer than pronotum. Antennae brown. Tegmina and costal area of alae dark brown to chestnut-brown with some scattered dark spots and a characteristic straw-coloured line on the tegmina near the sub-basal elevations (transverse when tegmina are closed). Sub-basal elevations on tegmina rounded and of convex shape. Anal area of alae translucent with fine brownish tessellation. Alae reaching to anal segment. Legs brown with some darker mottling. Profemora and protibia simple, not undulate. ♂. Length of body 53.97 mm. Similar to ♀, but more slender. Mesonotum 3.5x longer than pronotum and with beige mottling. Antennae brown with indistinct darker annulations. Cerci straw-coloured, slender, half as long as anal segment, constricted towards posterior, projecting over posterior margin of anal segment. Anal segment straw-coloured, constricted towards posterior (in lateral aspect), the posterior margin at least half as broad as anterior margin; posterior margin flattened. Poculum of moderate size, bowl-shaped, having a distinct ventromedian keel; posterior margin constricted towards a pointed apex, slightly projecting over anterior margin of tergum IX. Posterior half of poculum straw-coloured. Epiproct deeply incised. Comments. Redtenbacher (1906: 135) erroneously synonymised Phasma obscurum Guérin-Méneville, 1838 with Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835). A detailed explanation is given above, in the comments for the genus. Distribution. French Guiana: Cayenne [MNHN]. Brazil: Bahía.

5.3.3. Paragrostia n. gen.

Type-species: Paragrostia brulei n. sp. by present designation.

Species included:

Paragrostia brulei n. sp. [French Guiana & Bolivia] Paragrostia flavimaculata (Heleodoro, Mendes & Rafael, 2017) n. comb. [Brazil: Acre]

Differentiation. Similar to Isagoras Stål, 1875 and Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906. From Isagoras it is distinguished by the longer tegmina which reach about half way along median segment, the bi-coloured anal fan of the alae (uniform in Isagoras) in both sexes; the distinct longitudinal median keel of the subgenital plate (flat and simple in Isagoras) in the ♀♀, the deeply incised posterior margin of the poculum and the distinctively pointed apex of the anal segment (posterior margin broadened in Isagoras) in the ♂♂. From Agrostia both sexes differ by the strongly sub-basal elevations of the tegmina and the bi-coloured anal fan of the alae (uniform in Agrostia). ♀♀ furthermore differ by the distinctly longitudinally keeled subgenital plate (flat and simple in Agrostia) and deeper posteromedian incision of the epiproct. ♂♂ also differ by the medially notched posterior margin of the poculum, the digitiform posterolateral appendix of abdominal tergum IX, the pointed apex of the anal segment (posterior margin broadened in Agrostia) and the distinctly in-curving cerci.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 61 Description. Slender and fully winged Xerosomatinae of medium size. Sexual dimorphism distinct with ♂♂ more slender than ♀♀. Body length of ♂♂ 54.1–62.5 mm, ♀♀ 73.4–87.0 mm. Head about 1.5x longer than wide, dorsoventrally compressed; vertex flat; surface smooth, except for two dorsal longitudinal rows of minute granules. Eyes and ocelli prominent. Antennae long and slender, as long as body (♀♀) or even longer than body (♂♂).

FIGURE 28. Comparison of the apex of abdomen in females of Paragrostia brulei n.sp. and Paragrostia flavimaculata (He- leodoro, Mendes & Rafael, 2017) n. comb. a. P. flavimaculata in dorsal view; b. P. brulei in dorsal view; c. P. flavimaculata in ventral view; d. P. brulei in ventral view.

Thorax and abdomen roughly circular in cross-section. Pronotum bearing two longitudinal dorsal rows of rounded granules in the posterior half; remaining parts covered with further, minute rounded granules; lateral margins elevated; about 1.5x longer than wide and more slender and shorter than head. Mesonotum covered with tiny rounded granules; having two longitudinal, distinctly elevated keels; lateral margins raised; 2.5x longer than pronotum; 3.5x longer than wide in ♀♀ and at least 4x longer than wide in ♂♂. Pro- and mesosternum covered with minute granules; remaining body smooth, without granules or spines. Tegmina oval, gently tapered towards a rounded apex; smooth with fine venation; with prominent sub-basal elevations; reaching to centre of median segment; 2.5–3x longer than wide. Alae fully developed, reaching to posterior margin of tergum VIII. Abdominal segments in ♂♂ and ♀♀ distinctly longer than wide. Posterolateral angles of tergum IX laterally protruded into one or two short angles (bilobed), at best reaching to centre of anal segment of ♂♂. Sternum VII of ♀♀ with an indistinct praeopercular organ at best forming a very small swelling near posterior margin. Anal segment of ♂♂ distinctly tectiform, but tapered towards a pointed or blunt apex; inner side of posterior margin set with

62 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. numerous in-curving teeth ventrally. No vomer. Paraproct triangular (posteriorly pointed or rounded) and incised in ♂♂. Poculum medium sized and spoon-shaped, at best reaching anterior margin of anal segment; deeply incised me- dioventrally (more than ¾ of its length); posterior margin forming two rounded lobes. Anal segment of ♀♀ tapered towards posterior with posterior margin gently to bluntly round; about 2x longer than wide. Paraproct deeply incised posteromedially. Subgenital plate with a very distinct longitudinal ventromedian keel, pointed towards posterior, at best slightly projecting over posterior margin of abdominal segment VIII. Gonapophysis VII forming two very broad lobes, bordering the tip of the subgenital plate, reaching to posterior margin of tergum IX. Cerci long and slender; distinctly tapered towards pointed apex and round in cross-section to laterally compressed in ♀♀; very sharply pointed, long and round in cross-section to lancet-like and laterally depressed in ♂♂; about as long to slightly longer than anal segment.

FIGURE 29. Comparison of the apex of abdomen in males of Paragrostia brulei n.sp. and Paragrostia flavimaculata (Hele- odoro, Mendes & Rafael, 2017) n. comb. a. P. flavimaculata in dorsal view; b. P. brulei in dorsal view; c. P. flavimaculata in lateral view; d. P. brulei in lateral view; e. cerci of P. flavimaculata in dorsal view; f. cerci of P. brulei in dorsal view.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 63 Legs slender, smooth and unarmed, profemora longer than pro- and mesothorax combined and hind legs distinctly shorter than abdomen; Profemora curved and compressed basally; Tarsi long and slender, basitarsi 2.5-3x longer than the second tarsomeres. Eggs: Not known. Distribution. This new genus is recorded from French Guiana, Brazil (Amazonas and Acre) and the Chapare Province in Bolivia.

Species of Paragrostia recorded from French Guiana:

Paragrostia brulei n. sp. [French Guiana, Bolivia]

Paragrostia brulei n. sp. (Figs. 30–32)

HT, ♀: Montagnes de Kaw, GEP 1993, 25.VII, A651N7, P.E.Roubaud det.; 3; Prexaspes ♀, E.Delfosse det.10/05 [MNHN]. PT, ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Belvédère de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 30.07.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0349-1]. PT, ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Camopi, North-west of Camopi, Piton Rocheux de l‘Armontabo, 3°42‘56,7“N–52°19‘11,5“W, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 25.03.2009 [coll. OC, No. 0349-2]. PT, ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44‘56“N–52°26‘28“W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 21.11.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0349-3]. PT, ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44‘56“N–52°26‘28“W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 14.02.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0349-4]. PT, ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44‘56“N–52°26‘28“W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 16.04.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0349-5]. PT, ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvédère de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326 m, S.E.A.G, Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 17.05.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0349-6]. PT, ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvédère de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326 m, S.E.A.G, Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 06.04.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0349-7]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44‘56“N–52°26‘28“W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 16.06.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0349-8]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 05.05.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0349-9]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap pink, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 03.11.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0349-10]. PT, ♂: du 22 au 26.1.96 P.L., PK 80 RN2, leg. Th. Rosant (Guy. Fr.); Rosant Th. N°3945 [coll. TR, No. 3945]. PT, ♀: Bolivia, trop. Prov. Chapare, 400m, 18.XI.1949, leg Zischka [ZSMC].

Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Stéphane Brûlé (S.E.A.G.), who collected most of the paratypes and took photos of a live specimen, in order to acknowledge his great efforts in collecting many Phasmatodea in French Guiana, that are a main basis for the present work. Differentiation. Paragrostia brulei n. sp. is closely related to Paragrostia flavimaculata (Heleodoro, Mendes & Rafael, 2017), but clearly differs by the different shape of the paraproct, the slightly more acute cerci and the apically tapered and pointed anal segment (with apex bluntly rounded in flavimaculata) in the ♀ (Fig. 28). In the ♂ P. brulei n. sp. is clearly distinguished by the much longer, cylindrical and acutely pointed cerci (lancet-like, laterally compressed and strongly setose in P. flavimaculata); the distinctly pointed posterior margin of the anal segment (posterior margin obtusely rounded in flavimaculata); and distinctive, digitiform posterolateral appendix of abdominal tergum IX (posterolateral corners bilobed in flavimaculata) (Fig. 29). Description. ♀ (Figs. 30–31). Length of body 62.47–73.4 mm. General colour of body brown with straw- coloured lines and granules on head, pro- and mesonotum. All terga that are covered by the wings black. Eyes

64 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 30. Female (PT) of Paragrostia brulei n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 65 marbled black and yellow; ocelli yellow to white. Antennae dark brown in basal half but becoming paler brown apically. Tegmina brown with most of the veins yellowish and a large oval yellow marking in centre that is framed by a black line; elevated portion black. Costal area of alae whitish at the base and brown with fine pale brown veins in the end. Anal area of alae yellow with a broad brownish translucent band along the posterior margin. Legs yellowish green with black knees; apical ends of tibiae with a black marking. Cerci brown. Anal segment and paraproct distinctly tapered towards apex. Measurements HT [mm]: Body 62.5, pronotum 4.0, mesonotum 7.9, metanotum 5.0, median segment 2.2, tegmina 10.9, alae 40.6, profemora 11.8, mesofemora 8.45, metafemora 11.4, antennae 30.5. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 68.8.4–74.7, pronotum 2.8–3.6, mesonotum 6.4–8.8, metanotum 7.7–9.0, median segment 3.3–4.1, tegmina 10.9–11.6, alae 44.9–48.3, profemora 12.4–13.5, mesofemora 8.9–10.0, metafemora 10.9–12.2, antennae > 41.6.

FIGURE 31. Female (HT) of Paragrostia brulei n. sp. a. habitus in dorsal view.

66 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 32. Male (PT) of Paragrostia brulei n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 67 ♂ (Fig. 32). Length of body 51.0–57.3 mm. Similar to ♀, but more slender. Terga VIII and IX with black lateral margins. Cerci pale beige, long, clearly projecting over the anal segment, tapered towards the apex, slightly curved inwards. Tergum IX with posterolateral projections, rounded at apex and pointing towards posterior, reaching 1/3 of the anal segment. Anal segment heavily narrowed at posterior half, with acute apex that is slightly bent towards the dorsal. Poculum slightly convex and ventrally keeled, with posterior margin incised. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 51.0–57.3, pronotum 2.1–2.5, mesonotum 6.1–6.3, metanotum 6.4–7.1, median segment 2.3–2.7, tegmina 6.8–7.7, alae 32.5–37.0, profemora 10.7–12.3, mesofemora 8.0–8.4, metafemora 9.7–10.9, antennae > 62.8. Distribution. French Guiana: Montagnes de Kaw [MNHN]; Commune de Saül, Belvédère de Saül [coll. OC]; Commune de Camopi, North-west of Camopi, Piton Rocheux de l’Armontabo [coll. OC]; Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [coll. OC]; Commune de Saül [coll. OC]. Bolivia: Province Chapare [ZSMC]. The extremely wide distribution of this species is strange, but all collecting data are undoubtedly correct.

5.3.4. Prexaspes Stål, 1875

Type-species: Phasma servillei Gray, 1835: 26, by subsequent designation of Kirby, 1904: 413.

Prexaspes Stål, 1875: 59, 98 Kirby, 1904: 413 (Designation of type-species) Redtenbacher, 1906: 128 Chopard, 1911: 339–340 Bradley & Galil, 1977: 202 Bragg, 1996: 109 Brock, 1998: 34, 51 Bragg, 2001: 642 Zompro, 2005: 284 Delfosse, 2009: 7 Jourdan, Lelong & Bellanger, 2014: 496 Prexaspes (Prexaspes), Zompro, 2004: 100, 320 Otte & Brock, 2005: 282 Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 45 Elasia Redtenbacher, 1906: 127 (Type-species: Phasma ambiguum Stoll, 1813: 74, by subsequent designation of Zompro, 2002: 5–8) n. syn. Prexaspes (Elasia), Zompro, 2002: 5 Zompro, 2004: 102, 310 Otte & Brock, 2005: 281 Zompro & Domenico, 2005: 259 Metriotes Saussure, 1871–1872: 198 (in part) Westwood, 1859: 160–162 (in part) Phasma, Stoll, 1813: 74 (in part) Gray, 1835: 26 (in part) Serville, 1838[1839]: 269 (in part) Haan, 1842: 123, 124 (in part) Burmeister, 1838: 584, 585 (in part) westwood, 1859: 122, 123 (in part) Bates, 1865: 350 (in part) Planudes, Kirby, 1904: 417 (in part) Paraphasma, Rehn, 1918: 191 Otte, 1978: 78 Zompro, 2004: 159 (in part) Otte & Brock, 2005: 252 (in part) Isagoras, Zompro, 2004: 109 (in part) Otte & Brock, 2005: 165 (in part) Oestrophora, Piza, 1985: 1

Species included:

Prexaspes ambiguus (Stoll, 1813: 74) n. comb. [French Guiana, Suriname, Brazil: Amazonas]

68 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. Prexaspes brevipennis (Burmeister, 1838: 584) n. comb. [Brazil, Colombia?] = Metriotes dictys Westwood, 1859: 160, pl. 15: 7. n. syn. Prexaspes globosicaput n. sp. [French Guiana] Prexaspes guianensis n. sp. [French Guiana] Prexaspes paulense (Rehn, 1918: 191) n. comb. [Brazil: São Paulo] Prexaspes pholcus (Westwood, 1859: 122) n. comb. [Brazil: Pará] Prexaspes quadratum (Bates, 1865: 350) n. comb. [Brazil: Pará] Prexaspes quadriguttatus Redtenbacher, 1906: 130 [French Guiana, Brazil: Pará] Prexaspes servillei (Gray, 1835: 26) [Brazil: Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro] = Phasma acuticorne Gray, 1835: 26. n. syn. = Metriotes servillei Saussure, 1870–1872: 198 Prexaspes venosus (Burmeister, 1838: 585) n. comb. [Brazil: Pará] Prexaspes viridipes Redtenbacher, 1906: 129 n. comb. [Peru, Ecuador] Prexaspes vittata (Piza, 1985) n. comb. [Brazil: São Paulo]

Differentiation. The genus is similar to Periphloea Redtenbacher, 1906 with which it shares the dorsoventrally flattened thorax and body, the broadened head and the prominent central spine or swelling on the tegmina. It however differs by the smaller size, cylindrical to at best slightly laterally compressed cerci (distinctly laterally compressed, leaf-like and enlarged in Periphloea) and the less distinctly flattened vertex. Description. Slender to robust and fully winged Xerosomatinae of small to medium size. Sexual dimorphism distinct with ♂♂ more slender than ♀♀. Body length of ♂♂ 36.0–67.0 mm, ♀♀ 50.0–98.0 mm. Head as long as wide to hardly longer than wide, wider than pronotum, distinctly compressed dorsoventrally; vertex flat; surface smooth with some small rows of granules, bearing two large spines in one species. Eyes large and projecting hemispherically. Antennae long and slender, as long as body (♀♀) or even longer than body (♂♂). Thorax and abdomen dorsoventrally gently compressed (♀♀) to roughly circular (♂♂) in cross-section. Prono- tum smooth or bearing many small granules, about as long as head, but distinctly more slender. Mesonotum bearing small granules, 1.2–2x longer than pronotum. Remaining body parts smooth, without granules or spines. Tegmina oval, gently tapered towards a rounded apex; smooth with fine venation, always bearing an acute central spine or conical projection and reaching to centre or even posterior margin of median segment; 2–3x longer than wide. Alae fully developed and at least reaching to posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII. Abdominal segments I–VIII longer than wide and XI & anal segment broader than wide in both sexes. In ♂♂ tergum VIII distinctly broadened towards posterior margin, IX and anal segment decreasing in width. Sternum VII of ♀♀ with an indistinct praeopercular organ, forming a lump-like median swelling near posterior margin, centre or even anterior margin. Anal segment of ♂♂ tapered towards posterior, posterior margin indistinctly tectiform and inner surfaces set with numerous in-curving teeth. No vomer. Epiproct slightly incised posteromedially in ♂♂. Poculum small, flat and slender, posterior margin rounded, reaching posterior margin of tergum IX. Anal segment of ♀♀ rounded posteriorly. Epiproct deeply incised posteromedially. Subgenital plate very flat and slender, tapered towards a pointed or rounded apex, projecting over anterior margin of abdominal segment IX or at best reaching posterior margin of abdominal segment IX. Gonapophysis VIII forming flat lobes, reaching to posterior margin of tergum IX. Cerci slender, round to oval in cross-section, tapered towards apex, at best as long as anal segment. Legs smooth and unarmed, profemora slightly longer than pro- and mesothorax combined and gently broadened in its centre. Profemora curved and compressed basally. Hind legs distinctly shorter than abdomen. Tarsi long and slender, basitarsi 2–3x longer than the second tarsomeres. Eggs: Almost round in cross-section and about twice as long as wide, the ventral surface flattened and with a pale adhesive area where the eggs are fixed to supports like branches and twigs. Micropylar plate small, almost circular to slightly oval in outline, positioned in the centre of dorsal capsule surface. Operculum oval to circular and prominently slanted towards micropylar plate. Dorsal surface of capsule and operculum densely covered with fine bristles. Comments. Elasia Redtenbacher, 1906 (type-species Phasma ambiguum Stoll, 1813) was interpreted as a subgenus of Prexaspes Stål, 1875 by Zompro (2002: 5). It is here synonymised with Prexaspes (n. syn.), because careful examination of all species that belong in the genus do not reveal any consistent morphological characters

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 69 that justify a generic or sub-generic separation of Elasia. Zompro (2004: 102) mentioned the presence of a smaller, more acute central spine on the tegmina, the generally smaller size and the more slender body in Elasia as distinctive features, but all these characters are transitional and not frequent amongst the species of Prexaspes. Prexaspes dictys(W estwood, 1859) is synonymized with Prexaspes brevipennis (Burmeister, 1838) and Prexaspes acuticornis (Gray, 1835) is synonymised with Prexaspes servillei (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.). In addition to the two new synonymies established herein, several species are transferred to Prexaspes (see list of species above) or need to be removed from the genus and placed elsewhere. Isagoras venosus (Burmeister, 1838), Paraphasma paulense Rehn, 1918 and Paraphasma quadratum (Bates, 1865) are here transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 (n. comb.). Prexaspes (Prexaspes) cneius (Westwood, 1859) is here transferred to Tenerella Redten- bacher, 1906, Prexaspes (Prexaspes) lateralis (Fabricius, 1775) to Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 and Prexaspes olivaceus Chopard, 1911 to Periphloea Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.). Furthermore, Prexaspes nigromaculatus Chopard, 1911 is synonymised with Periphloea santara (Westwood, 1859) and Prexaspes (Elasia) janus Kirby, 1904 with Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.). Distribution. The genus is widely distributed throughout the entire Amazon basin and surrounding tropical lowland areas of French Guiana, Suriname, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

Species of Prexaspes recorded from French Guiana:

Prexaspes ambiguus (Stoll, 1813: 74) n. comb. [French Guiana, Brazil: Amazonas] Prexaspes globosicaput n. sp. [French Guiana] Prexaspes guianensis n. sp. [French Guiana] Prexaspes quadriguttatus Redtenbacher, 1906: 130 [French Guiana; Brazil: Pará]

Key to the species of Prexaspes Stål, 1875 from French Guiana

♂♂: * 1. Anal area of alae of uniformly brownish translucent...... 2 - Anal area of alae bicoloured...... P. ambiguus 2. Legs not annulated...... 3 - Legs annulated...... P. globosicaput n. sp. 3. Metapleurae yellowish beige, metafemora green...... P. quadriguttatus - Metapleurae brown to dark brown, metafemora not green ...... P. guianensis n. sp.

♀♀: 1. Anal area of alae of uniformly brownish translucent...... 2 - Anal area of alae bicoloured...... P. ambiguus 2. Legs not annulated and vertex flat...... 3 - Legs annulated and vertex distinctly convex...... P. globosicaput n. sp. 3. Metapleurae yellowish beige, metafemora green...... P. quadriguttatus - Metapleurae brown to dark brown, metafemora not green ...... P. guianensis n. sp.

Prexaspes ambiguus (Stoll, 1813) n. comb. (Figs. 33–35)

Phasma ambiguum Stoll, 1813: 74, pl. 25: 98. HT, ♂: not traced [RMNH]; NT, ♂ (by present designation): Guyane, Montagne de Kaw, 5.–12.VIII.92, Roubaud Auvray, Rarchaert rec. [MNHN] Gray, 1835: 26 Serville, 1838[1839]: 269 Haan, 1842: 123 westwood, 1859: 123, pl.13: 3 Prexaspes ambiguus Stål, 1875: 98 Kirby, 1904: 414 Redtenbacher, 1906: 128 Chopard, 1911: 339

70 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. Bragg, 1996: 109 Jourdan, Lelong & Bellanger, 2014: 496 Prexaspes (Elasia) ambiguus Zompro, 2002: 5 Zompro, 2004: 101, fig. Otte & Brock, 2005: 281

Further material [52 ♂♂, 54 ♀♀, 7 eggs]: BRAZIL: 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂: coll. Br. v. W., Alto Amazonas, Staudinger, det. Br. v. W [NHMW]; 1 ♂: 55-37, Villa Nova, Phasma ambiguum (stoll), Brazil, Cayenne [NHMUK]; 1 ♀: 55-44, Villa Nova [NHMUK]; 1 ♂: Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil, X.17.1919, (H.E.Parieh) [ANSP]; 1 ♀: Santarem, July 1919., S.M. Klages., Acc. 6324. ; A.N.S.P., Ex Carn. Mus., Bruner Cln. [ANSP]. FRENCH GUIANA: 4 ♀♀: Guyane Française, St-Jean du Maroni, Collection Le Moult, Museum Paris Collec- tion Lucien Chopard 1914 [MNHN]; 2 ♀♀: Guyane Mission Balachowsky-Gruner, Oct.-Nov. 1969; Saul (Guyane), 29.–30. Oct. 1969 [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Guyane Mission Balachowsky-Gruner, Oct.–Nov. 1969; St. Laurent du Maroni, km 7, 17.X.1969, parcelle INRA [MNHN]; 2 ♀♀: Museum Paris, Guyane, M. Descamps rec.; Sinnamary, VII.1977 [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Museum Paris, Guyane, M. Descamps rec.; Regina, VII.1977 [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Museum Paris, Guya- ne, M. Descamps rec.; Sinnamary, 3.–6.VII.1977 [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Museum Paris, Guyane Française, Gourdonville, R. Benoist 1914; Octobre [MNHN]; 2 ♀♀, 7 ♂♂: Guyane, Montagne de Kaw, 5.–12.VIII.92, Roubaud, Rarchaert, Morin & Auvray rec. [MNHN]; 1 ♀, 1 ♂: Guyane, Roubaud rec. [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Guyane Française, St.-Jean du Maroni, Collection Le Moult; Prexaspes ambiguum Stoll; ….L. Chopard [ANSP]; 1 ♀: GUY13-052, Guyane, Saül, 8–23.X.2013, col. ASPER: Y. Bellanger, T. Jourdan & P. Lelong [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♀: GUY15-012, Guyane française, St-Elie, N5°17.725’W53°03.093’, 05-VIII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♂: GUY15-040, Guyane française, Route de Mana, N5°33.941’W53°52.744’, 28-VII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♂: GUY15-043, Guyane française, St-Laurent-du-Maroni—Route de Paul Isnard, N5°27.462’W54°00.425’, 4-VIII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♂: GUY15-044, Guyane française, St-Laurent-du-Maroni—Route de Paul Isnard, N5°27.462’W54°00.425’, 4-VIII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♀, 1 ♂: GUY15-045, Guyane française, St- Laurent-du-Maroni—Route de Paul Isnard, N5°27.462’W54°00.425’, 4-VIII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♀: Guyane, Montsinéry, Risquetout PK1, XII-2013, coll. F. Sonzogny, leg. A. Cahurel [YB]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guy- ana: Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé, 4°02’N–52°41’W, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 23.11.2009 [coll. OC, No. 0340-1]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.05.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0340-2]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: savane PK 16, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 02.08.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0340-3]; 1 ♀: Fran- zösisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 08.08.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0340-4]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 21.11.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0340-5]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N– 52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.07.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0340-6]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lich- tfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 03.05.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0340-7]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Malaise-trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 24.04.2012 [coll. OC, No. 0340-8]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 31.08.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0340-9]; 1 ♀: Fran- zösisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvedere de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 05.11.2010 [Coll.OC, No. 0340-10]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Montagnes de Kaw, Piste de Kaw, 250m, 4°34’N, 52°11’W, leg. Conle & Hennemann 20.,27. & 29.09.2001 [coll. OC, No. 0340-11]; 1 ♀: Fran- zösisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.10.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0340-12]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 21.06.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0340-13]; 2 ♀♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 03.08.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0340-14, 0340- 15]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 02.01.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0340-16]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 09.05.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0340-17]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 11.07.2015 [coll.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 71 OC, No. 0340-18]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N– 52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 30.07.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0340-44]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lich- tfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 21.05.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0340-45]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 16.04.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0340-46]; 2 ♀♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 10.12.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0340-47, 0340-48]; 2 ♀♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 24.12.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0340-49, 0340- 50]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 02.04.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0340-51]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.11.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0340-37]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 10.10.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0340-20]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N– 52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 18.07.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0340-21]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lich- tfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 14.11.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0340-22]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 26.07.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0340-23]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 24.03.2012 [coll. OC, No. 0340-24]; 1 ♂: Fran- zösisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvedere de Saül, 3°37’22” N–53°12’57” W, 326m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 28.04.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0340-25]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, leg. ASPER- Team [coll. OC, No. 0340-26]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 10.06.2012 [coll. OC, No. 0340-27]; 1 ♂: Franzö- sisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 08.07.2012 [coll. OC, No. 0340-28]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Ma- toury, La Désirée, 4° 51’ 0’’–52° 19’ 60’’ W, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 30.08.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0340-29]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N– 52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 05.09.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0340-30]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lich- tfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 28.12.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0340-31]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.05.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0340-32]; 2 ♂♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Macouria, Forêt de Maya, Reliquat forestrier bordé de savanes, N 4°57’19,00” W 52°27’37,00”, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.12.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0340-33, 0340-34]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 11.07.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0340-35]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 24.10.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0340-36]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.03.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0340-38]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 11.06.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0340-39]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N– 52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 20.08.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0340-40]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lich- tfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 17.01.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0340-41]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 22.11.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0340-42]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.10.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0340-43]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.02.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0340-52]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 31.12.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0340-53]; 2 ♂♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura,

72 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 33. Female (PT) and egg (PT) of Prexaspes ambiguus (Stoll, 1813) n. comb. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal; j–l. egg: j. dorsal; k. lateral; l. frontal.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 73 Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 31.12.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0340-54, 0340-55]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Che- vaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 09.04.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0340-56]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 17.03.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0340-57]; 1 ♂: Franzö- sisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie blue trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.10.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0340-58]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.05.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0340-59]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 20.10.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0340-60]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 10.11.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0340-61]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie pink trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 27.10.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0340-62]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 23.06.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0340-63]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N– 52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 19.05.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0340-64]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 02.12.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0340-65]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Malaise trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 02.09.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0340-66]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap pink, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 26.05.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0340-67]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap pink, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 19.05.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0340-68]; 2 eggs: from the wild female GUY15-045 [ASPER-PL]; 5 eggs: from the wild female GUY15-045 [ASPER-YB]. PERU: 1 ♂: coll. Br. v. W., Alto Amazonas, Staudinger, det. Br. v. W., Nr. 13.322 [NHMW]. Differentiation. Easily distinguished from all other species of Prexaspes that occur in French Guiana by the bicoloured anal area of the alae in both sexes.

FIGURE 34. Male (NT) of Prexaspes ambiguus (Stoll, 1813) n. comb. a. habitus in dorsal view.

74 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 35. Male (PT) of Prexaspes ambiguus (Stoll, 1813) n. comb. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 75 Description. ♀ (Fig. 33). Comparatively small for the genus. Length of body 50.0–68.0 mm. Head black with numerous rows of tiny yellow granules, eyes brown to yellowish beige. Antennae brown with indistinct paler annulations. Thorax dark brown, also covered with many tiny yellow granules. Ventral side of thorax beige to pale brown. Tegmina brown to dark brown with dark yellow veins dorsally transitioning into green laterally; acute and black apices on the sub-basal elevations. Costal area of alae dark brown to brown with straw to green longitudinal lines, sometimes having some single white spots in the apical half. Anal area of alae bicoloured, yellow translucent with a broad brownish band along the posterior margin. Abdomen dark brown to beige, last four abdominal segments with indistinct black mottling. Sternum VII with an indistinct praeopercular organ, forming a lump-like swelling near posterior margin. Cerci as long as anal segment. Subgenital plate flat, slender and parallel sided, posterior margin rounded, at best reaching posterior margin of tergum IX. Legs green with indistinct brownish mottling and distinct black knees. ♂ (Figs. 34–35). Length of body 38.0–53.2 mm. Similar to ♀, but more slender. Poculum small and flat, reaching posterior margin of tergum IX; posterior margin rounded. Measurements NT [mm]: Body 53.2, pronotum 2.9, mesonotum 5.1, metanotum 4.3, median segment 2.2, tegmina 9.9, alae 40.0, profemora 11.1, mesofemora 7.0, metafemora 10.5, antennae 43.5. Egg (Fig. 33). Capsule elongated and almost cylindrical, equal height and width, two times longer than wide. Capsule pale brown with some dark brown patches, surface covered by a fine and irregular net-like structure of carinae with smooth areas in between. Except for the ventral area, surface of the egg bearing several spine-like setae. Micropylar plate elongate, lancet-like and of almost 1/2 the length of capsule, 3 times longer than wide; irregularly raised elevations and setae in its centre. Micropylar cup small and connected to a short median line, running towards polar area. Operculum ovoid and flat, positioned in 50° angle towards the dorsal area; surface roughly structured, with rising spine-like setae in the centre. Measurements [mm]: Length 3.0, width 1.5, height 1.5, diameter of operculum 1.0. Comments.This species was originally described and figured by Stoll (1813: 74, pl 25: 98) based on a ♂. Care- ful examination of the illustration provided by Stoll however clearly revealed that the specimen in the collection of RMNH and referred to as the holotype by Bragg (1996: 109) is a distinct species, hence cannot be Stoll’s type specimen. For instance, the specimen readily contradicts Stoll’s description and accurate colour illustration by having a uniformly translucent brown anal fan. Consequently, Stoll’s holotype of Phasma ambiguum must be regarded lost and a ♂ from French Guiana in the collection of MNHN is here selected as the neotype in order to guarantee stability of the taxon. Distribution. French Guiana: Montagne de Kaw [MNHN, coll. OC]; St-Jean du Maroni [MNHN, ANSP, ASPER]; Saül [MNHN, ASPER]; St-Elie [ASPER]; Route de Mana [ASPER]; St-Laurent du Maroni [MNHN]; Sinnamary [MNHN]; Gourdonville [MNHN]; Regina [MNHN]; Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [coll. OC]; Commune de Macouria, Forêt de Maya, Reliquat forestrier bordé de savanes [coll. OC]; Commune de Ma- toury, La Désirée [coll. OC]; Montsinéry [YB]; Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvedere de Saül [coll. OC]; Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé [coll. OC]; Commune de Matoury, La Désirée [coll. OC]; Commune de Macouria, Forêt de Maya [coll. OC]; Montagnes de Kaw, Piste de Kaw [coll. OC]. Brazil: Amazonas, Itacoatiara and Santarém [ANSP], Villa Nova [NHMUK]. Peru: Alto-Amazonas [NHMW].

Prexaspes globosicaput n. sp. (Figs. 36–38)

HT, ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Réserve Naturelle des Nouragues—Camp Inselberg, 4°05’ N– 52°41’W, 411m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 18.05.2013; ex coll. Conle; OC-0341-1 [ZSMC]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvedere de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 30.09.2010 [coll. OC, No. 0341-2]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 03.11.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0341-3].

Etymology. The name of this new species refers to the strongly globose vertex of ♀♀, which readily distinguishes it from the other species of the genus known to occur in French Guiana.

76 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 36. Female (PT) of Prexaspes globosicaput n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 77 Differentiation. Easily distinguished from all other Prexaspes-species known from French Guiana by the annulated legs of both sexes and strongly globose head of ♀♀. Description. ♀ (Figs. 36–37). Medium sized for the genus. Length of body 53.8–54.1 mm. Head drab yellowish to greenish brown with black markings and numerous rows of small and irregular yellow granules. Vertex distinctly convex and slightly swollen, compared to other species of the genus. Eyes large, yellowish beige, ocelli orange. Antennae black with irregular yellow annulations.

FIGURE 37. Female (HT) of Prexaspes globosicaput n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal.

Thorax dark brown and yellowish beige, covered with many tiny yellow granules. Pro- and mesosternum yellow, metasternum and metapleurae beige with several black spots. Tegmina brown, covered with yellow veins, having yellow speckles in apical half; acute and black apices on the sub-basal elevations. Costal area of alae brown with fine yellow veins and some large yellow speckles. Anal area of alae uniformly brownish translucent. Abdomen

78 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 38. Male (PT) of Prexaspes globosicaput n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventrolateral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 79 dorsally brown with irregular black and yellow speckles; ventral side beige with some darker markings. Sternum VII with an indistinct praeopercular organ, forming a lump-like median swelling near posterior margin. Cerci slightly projecting over posterior margin of anal segment, straight and tapered towards the end, yellowish-brown. Subgenital plate flat, slender and parallel sided, posterior margin pointed towards apex, at best reaching posterior margin of tergum IX, of dark brown colour. Legs distinctly annulated in green and yellow; knees black. Measurements HT [mm]: Body 53.8, pronotum 3.4, mesonotum 4.9, metanotum 5.2, median segment 5.1, tegmina 7.9, alae 39.9, profemora 9.8, mesofemora 6.7, metafemora 10.0, antennae 43.4. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 54.1, pronotum 3.5, mesonotum 5.1, metanotum 5.0, median segment 5.6, tegmina 8.4, alae 40.3, profemora 11.2, mesofemora 7.0, metafemora 10.0, antennae 45.5. ♂ (Fig. 38). Length of body 44.3 mm. Similar to ♀, but more slender and vertex less globose. Eyes very large and pale brown. Ocelli beige to yellow, antennae less distinctly annulated. Anal segment tectiform, inner side of posterior margin set with numerous in-curving teeth ventrally. Cerci slightly projecting over posterior margin of anal segment, gently curved and tapered towards the end, pale brown. Poculum flat and elongate, posterior margin rounded, reaching to centre of anal segment. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 44.3, pronotum 2.3, mesonotum 4.4, metanotum 3.5, median segment 4.0, tegmina 5.8, alae 29.3, profemora 10.6, mesofemora 6.3, metafemora 8.7, antennae 53.0. Distribution. French Guiana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [coll. OC]; Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvedere de Saül [coll. OC]; Commune de Régina, Réserve Naturelle des Nouragues—Camp Inselberg [ZSMC].

Prexaspes guianensis n. sp. (Figs. 39–41)

HT, ♂: Französisch Guyana, Umgebung von Matoury, 30m, 4°51‘N, 52°21‘W, 21. & 22.09.2001, leg. Conle & Hennemann; ex. coll. OC; OC-298-33 [ZSMC]. PT, 6 ♀♀, 8 ♂♂: Französisch Guyana: Umgebung von Matoury, 30m, 4°51‘N, 52°21‘W, leg. Conle & Hennemann 21.–22.09.2001 [coll. OC, No. 0298-13, 0298-4, 0298-5, 0298-6, 0298-7, 0298-9, 0298-24, 0298-26, 0298-29, 0298-30, 0298-31, 0298-32, 0298-34, 0298-35]. PT, 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Montagnes de Roura, Piste de Kaw, 200m, 4°38‘N, 52°16‘W, leg. Conle & Hennemann 26.09.2001 [Coll.OC, No. 0298-14, 0298-25, 0298-3]. PT, 6 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂: Französisch Guyana:Montagne Grand Matoury, 10m, 4°53‘N, 52°20‘W, leg. Conle & Hennemann 20.,24.& 30.09.2001 [coll. OC, No. 0298-1, 0298-10, 0298-11, 0298-12, 0298-2, 0298-8, 0298-23, 0298-27, 0298-28, 0298-36, 0298-38]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Matoury, Réserve du Mont Grand Matoury, 4°51‘N–52°21‘W, 215m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 22.10.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0298-15]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Matoury, Réserve du Mont Grand Matoury, 4°51‘N–52°21‘W, 215m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 22.10.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0298-16]. PT, 2 ♀♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Kourou, Savane des Pères, Ancienne exploitation, PK 16, 5°06‘33,40‘‘N 52°38‘12,00‘‘W, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 30.08.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0298-17, 0298-18]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Matoury, Réserve du Mont Grand Matoury, forest edge, 4°51‘N– 52°21‘W, 215m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 27.07.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0298-19]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Matoury, Réserve du Mont Grand Matoury, 4°51‘N–52°21‘W, 215m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 14.09.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0298-20]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 30.11.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0298-21]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Matoury, Réserve du Mont Grand Matoury, forest edge, 4°51’N– 52°21’W, 215m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 08.09.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0298-22]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Centre Spatial Guyanais, RN 1, Korou—Sinnamary 50km, Malmanoury Route, 5°15’N, 52°54’W, leg. Conle & Hennemann 25. & 26.09.2001 [coll. OC, No. 0298-37]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 26.12.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0298-39].

80 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Macouria, Forêt de Maya, Reliquat forestier bordé de savanes, N 4°57’19,00” W 52°27’37,00”, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.12.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0298-40]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 08.06.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0298-41]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.12.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0298-42]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Macouria, Forêt de Maya, Reliquat forestier bordé de savanes, N 4°57’19,00” W 52°27’37,00”, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 19.12.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0298-43]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.06.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0298-44]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.12.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0298-45]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Savane Nancibo, S.E.A.G., Hand catching, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.12.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0298-46]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Savane Nancibo, S.E.A.G., Hand catching, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.12.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0298-47]. PT, 15 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, 19 eggs: Französisch Guyana, Montagne Grand Matoury, 10 m, 4°53´N, 52°20´W, leg. Hennemann & Conle, 20., 24. & 30. IX. 2001 [coll. FH, No’s 0479-1 to 28 & E]. PT, 1 ♂: GUY15-018, Guyane française, RN2 Prospérité, N5°27.568’W53°52.736’, 31-VII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]. PT, 1 ♀: GUY15-052, Guyane française, Montagne des Chevaux, N4°42.720’W52°23.519’, 16-VII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]. PT, 1 ♂: GUY15-053, Guyane française, Montagne des Chevaux, N4°42.720’W52°23.519’, 16-VII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]. PT, 1 ♂: GUY15-087, Guyane française, Montagne des Chevaux, N4°42.720’W52°23.519’, 15-VII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]. PT, 1 ♀: GUY15-086, Guyane française, Route de Roura, N4°42.847’W52°18.227’, 25-VII-2015 rec. T. Jourdan [ASPER-PL]. PT, 1 ♂: Guyane, Montsinéry, Risquetout PK1, 04-I-2015, leg. A. Cahurel [MNHN]. PT, 4 eggs: from wild female GUY15-052, Montagne des Chevaux [ASPER-PL]. PT, 6 eggs: from wild female GUY15-052, Montagne des Chevaux [ASPER-YB].

Further material: 1 ♂: Guyane, Montsinéry, Risquetout PK1, XII-2013, coll. F. Sonzogny, leg. A. Cahurel [YB]. Etymology. Named after its distribution in French Guiana. Differentiation. This new species is similar to P.(W pholcus estwood, 1859) and P. quadratum (Bates, 1865), but differs from both species by the smaller size, the distinctly stouter body, the shorter mesonotum, the longer legs reaching the posterior margin of tergum IX, the head which is about as long as wide (longer than wide in the other species). Description. ♀ (Fig. 39). Small and stocky for the genus. Length of body 49.8–58.0 mm. General colour of body dark brown. Head brown to dark brown with numerous rows of tiny creamish white to beige granules and spots and some broken black lines. Eyes pale beige, antennae brown with indistinct yellowish beige annulations. Thorax dark brown, also covered with many tiny beige to yellowish granules; having a broad beige dorsomedian band reaching from anterior margin of pronotum to centre of mesonotum. Mesonotum hardly longer than pronotum. Metapleurae dark brown to dark beige with some black spots. Tegmina brown to dark brown with dark yellow to reddish yellow veins and a few yellowish spots laterally; acute and black apices on the sub-basal elevations. Costal area of alae dark brown to brown with reddish brown veins, sometimes. Anal area of alae uniformly brown translucent with fine brown veins. Abdomen dark brown to brown with some tiny paler spots. Sternum VII with an indistinct praeopercular organ, forming a slight swelling in the centre, framed by two longitudinal ridges. Cerci slightly shorter than anal segment. Subgenital plate flat, slender and broadened towards posterior, posterior margin with pointed apex, at best reaching posterior margin of tergum IX. Legs mottled in brown and beige, knees in darker brown to black, mesofemora about as long as pro- and mesonotum combined. Meso- and metabasitarsi 2x longer than the second tarsomere.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 81 FIGURE 39. Female (PT) and egg (PT) of Prexaspes guianensis n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. dorsolateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal; j–l. egg: j. dorsal; k. lateral; l. frontal.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 83 FIGURE 41. Male (PT) of Prexaspes guianensis n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

84 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 49.8–55.0, pronotum 3.0–3.1, mesonotum 4.5–4.6, metanotum 5.0, median segment 5.4, tegmina 8.0–9.0, alae 34.2–39.0, profemora 9.5–10.5, mesofemora 6.5–7.4, metafemora 9.0–9.6, antennae 31.8–32.6. ♂ (Figs. 40–41). Length of body 35.0–43.5 mm. Similar to ♀, but smaller and more slender. Anal segment distinctly longer than cerci. Poculum small and flat, tapered towards apex with posterior margin flat; reaching posterior margin of tergum IX. Measurements HT [mm]: Body 39.5, pronotum 2.2, mesonotum 2.9, tegmina 4.7, alae 24.1, profemora 10.1, mesofemora 5.6, metafemora 8.9, antennae 41.2. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 35.0–43.5, pronotum 1.9–2.3, mesonotum 3.8–3.4, metanotum 2.7–3.2, median segment 3.6, tegmina 4.5–5.5, alae 23.0–26.7, profemora 8.3–10.6, mesofemora 5.3–6.2, metafemora 8.1–8.7, antennae 36.5–47.3. Egg (Fig. 39). Brown, almost round in cross-section and about twice as long as wide; the ventral surface flattened and with a pale adhesive area where the eggs are fixed to supports like branches and twigs. Micropylar plate small, almost circular in outline, positioned in the centre of capsule. Operculum slightly oval and strongly slanted towards micropylar plate. Dorsal surface of capsule and operculum covered with dense fine setae. Measurements PT [mm]: length 3.2, width 1.7, height 1.8. Distribution. This small new species is restricted to French Guiana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Che- vaux [coll. OC, coll. ASPER]; Commune de Roura, Savane Nancibo [coll. OC]; Commune de Matoury, Réserve du Mont Grand Matoury [coll. FH, coll. OC]; Commune de Macouria, Forêt de Maya [coll. OC]; Commune de Kourou, Savane des Pères [coll. OC]; Montagne Grand Matoury [ZSMC, coll. OC]; Centre Spatial Guyanais [coll. OC]; Commune de Macouria [coll. OC]; Route de Roura [coll. ASPER]; Montsinery [MNHN, YB].

5.4. Prisopodinae

Comments. Due to the transfer of Paraprisopodini to Pseudophasmatinae, the tribe Prisopodini becomes techni- cally unnecessary. The three genera that remain in Prisopodinae have a ventromedian longitudinal ridge on the abdominal sternites, which becomes broader and more distinct towards the apex of the abdomen. This ridge has a rough surface, similar in structure to the sensory areas found on the prothoracic sterna of other Phasmatodea, e.g. members of Cladomorphinae: Hesperophasmatini or Cladomorphinae: Pterinoxylini (see Hennemann, Conle & Perez-Gelabert, 2016: 10). The function of this rough carina is still unknown and deserves investigation, but judging from the structure it might be analogous to the aforementioned prothoracic sensory areas and have similar func- tions. This very distinctive feature is present in the three Prisopodinae genera Damasippus Stål, 1875, Dinelytron Gray, 1835 and Prisopus Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828, but not in Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906. Due to this feature and several further distinctive morphological characters, the tribe Paraprisopodini with its single genus Paraprisopus, is here transferred to the subfamily Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae (see chapter on Paraprisopodini above). Prisopodinae in general have large, often rounded heads with small eyes, often compressed and lobed profemora and an elongate abdomen, which in general distinctly projects over the hindlegs. Eggs are glued to bark or branches. A new and detailed diagnosis of Prisopodinae should be conducted in the future, when more material is at hand. Molecular analysis will probably be necessary in order to clarify the interrelations between the genera.

Genera included:

Damasippus Stål, 1875: 60, 101. (Type-species: Damasippus westwoodii Stål, 1875: 101, by subgsequent designation of Kirby, 1904: 407) Dinelytron Gray, 1835: 27, 43. (Type-species: Dinelytron grylloides Gray, 1835: 27, 43 by subsequent designation of Kirby, 1904: 408) Prisopus Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828: 444. (Type-species: Mantis sacrata Olivier 1792: 639, by subsequent designation of Kirby 1904: 405) = Platytelus Gray, 1835: 28. (Type-species: Platytelus horridus Gray, 1835, by original monotypy)

♂♂ / ♀♀ 1. Mostly green or brown, camouflaged insects; head surface granulose, tuberculose or rugulose; legs with at least single carinae deflexed and undulate or lobate...... 2 - Very colourful insects; head surface smooth (may bear cephalic spines); legs slender and without lobes...... Damasippus 2. Slender insects; terminal abdominal terga parallel-sided; meso- and metafemora with anteroventral carina at best slightly undulate ...... Dinelytron - Much more stocky insects; terminal abdominal terga with prominent lateral lobes; meso- and metafemora with anteroventral carina strongly deflexed and undulate to lobate...... Prisopus

Eggs 1. Capsule > 2x longer than wide or high and narrowed towards anterior and polar ends; micropylar plate elongate and longer than wide ...... 2 - Capsule at best 1.5x longer than wide, roundly rectangular in dorsal aspect; micropylar plate wider than long and roughly bilobed...... Prisopus 2. Micropylar plate distinctly less than ½ the length of capsule ...... Dinelytron - Micropylar plate > 2/3 the length of capsule...... Damasippus

5.4.1. Dinelytron Gray, 1835

Type-species: Dinelytron grylloides Gray, 1835: 27, 43 by subsequent designation of Kirby, 1904: 408.

Dinelytron Gray, 1835: 27, 43 Westwood, 1859: 163 (in part) Stål, 1875: 16 Stål, 1875b: 60 Kirby, 1904: 408 (in part) Redtenbacher, 1906: 150 (in part) Bradley & Galil, 1977: 202 Bragg, 2001: 632 Zompro, 2004: 63, 309 Otte & Brock, 2005: 129 (in part) Platycrania, Burmeister, 1838: 582 (in part) Haan, 1842: 123, 124 (in part)

Species included:

Dinelytron betinho Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 [Brazil: Minas Gerais] Dinelytron cahureli n. sp. [French Guiana] Dinelytron grylloides Gray, 1835: 27, 43 [Brazil: Rio de Janeiro] Dinelytron hipponax Gray, 1835: 27 [Brazil] Dinelytron leukommatos Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 [Brazil: Pernambuco] Dinelytron museunacional Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 [Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo] Dinelytron ramusculus Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 [Brazil: Rio de Janeiro] Dinelytron shuckardii Gray, 1835: 43 [Brazil] Dinelytron trimaculatus Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 [Brazil: Rio de Janeiro] Dinelytron unilineatus (Redtenbacher, 1906) [Brazil]

Differentiation. Easily distinguished from Prisopus Le Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 by the more slender body, the considerably less distinctly lobed and broadened meso- and metafemora and the lack of lateral lobes on the terminal terga of the abdomen. The eggs are much more elongated than those of Prisopus with the capsule at least four times longer than wide. From Damasippus Stål, 1875 it differs by the very distinctly dorsoventrally compressed and never shiny head, the broadened profemora, the often undulate or serrate and hairy femora and the flat to concave ventral surface of the body. The eggs are similar in shape to those of Damasippus, but differ by the shorter micropylar plate, which is

86 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. only about 1/3 of the length of capsule in Dinelytron, but as much as about 3/4 of the length of capsule in Damasip- pus. Description. Small and fairly Prisopodinae, body flattened dorsoventrally, fully winged. Sexual dimorphism weakly pronounced with ♂♂ just slightly more slender and smaller than ♀♀. Body length of ♂♂ 31.0–48.0 mm, ♀♀ 50.0–66.0 mm. Colouration generally dull grey to green, often with a longitudinal black line on ventral surface of thorax and abdomen. All lateral margins of body segments and legs densely covered with long setae. Head dorsoventrally flattened, and 1.2–1.4x longer than wide, genae convex and the vertex smooth or sometimes sparsely covered with small granules. Antennae relatively robust and short, at best reaching the centre of abdomen, segments simple and cylindrical. Eyes very large, almost circular in outline and projecting hemispherical. No ocelli. Thorax ventrally flattened or even convex, slightly wider than high. Pronotum 1.2–1.5x longer than wide, surface covered with minute granules; or bearing two prominent spines (in hipponax). Mesonotum of equal length to 1.4x longer than pronotum, rectangular to 2x longer than wide; often with a fine longitudinal dorsomedian carina. Mesopleurae in most species bearing strongly deflexed appendages (undulate in some species), margins densely covered with long setae. These appendages can be so heavily bend inwards, that they almost cover the complete mesosternum. Metanotum shorter than mesonotum. Pro- meso- and metasternum concave longitudinally and smooth. Tegmina and alae fully developed. Tegmina elongate, about half the length of alae and at least reaching to abdominal segment II; 4–5x longer than wide; no sub-basal elevations present (but in some still undescribed species from Ec- uador with fine black spines in sub-basal portion). Alae reaching to posterior margin of abdominal segment VII. Abdomen slender and distinctly longer than head and thorax combined; ventral side convex, surface smooth, often with a distinct longitudinal dorsomedian ridge, that becomes increasingly more prominent towards sternum VIII; this ridge roughly structured. Median segment considerably longer than metanotum. Segments I–VII slightly longer than wide, VIII–X as long as wide to 2x wider than long. Terga VII to anal segment in some species with lateral lobes, covered with dense setae on their margins. Sternites smooth and often shiny. Abdomen in ♀♀ gently declining in width towards anal segment; parallel sided in ♂♂ towards segment VII, VIII broadening towards posterior (broadest segment of abdomen) and IX narrowing towards posterior. Anal segment being the shortest segment, with the posterior margin broadly rounded. Epiproct small and visible in most species. Cerci slender, lanceolate, cylindrical or slightly compressed laterally and about equal in length to anal segment. Vomer triangular with pointed apex. Poculum small and flat with posterior margin rounded (sometimes with a median excavation) or slightly pointed; at best reaching posterior margin of segment IX. Supra-anal plate of ♀♀ faintly incised posteromedially, reaching posterior margin of anal segment. Subgenital plate very small and flat, posterior margin broadly rounded, or with a pointed apex, reaching posterior margin of tergum IX. Legs short and robust, densely covered with fine setae along the margins. Profemora about as long as pro- and mesonotum combined; slightly incurving; always with distinctly broadened lobes at the inner and outer margin, those lobes sometimes bearing undulate extensions. Lobes on meso- and metafemora less distinct, sometimes even absent; often bearing two to three spines on ventral side of femora; margins serrate, undulate or smooth. Protibiae broadened at the base or simple in some species. Meso- and metatibiae simple. Hind legs not reaching apex of abdomen in ♀♀ and at best reaching apex of abdomen in ♂♂. Tarsi more than half the length of corresponding tibia, basitarsi 2x longer than the second tarsomeres. Comments. Gray (1835: 27) originally established Dinelytron to comprise his three new Brazilian species D. grylloides, D. hipponax and D. shuckardii. Westwood (1859: 164, pl. 21: 6) added Dinelytron agrion which however is not congeneric and here transferred to the genus Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.). Unfortunately, only very few type specimens of Dinelytron-species are available. The holotype of Dinelytron villosipes Redtenbacher, 1906 has just recently been traced in the alcohol collection of MNHN by Emmanuel Del- fosse (2019: 230). The type specimens of Gray’s three species D. grylloides, D. hipponax and D. shuckardii were already untraceable and believed lost when Westwood surveyed Dinelytron for his 1859 catalogue. The fact that Gray’s original descriptions are extremely short and lack any details that would allow proper distinction of closely related species, makes the loss of these type specimens particularly problematic. The authors have at hand a good number of presumably new species, but without seeing Gray’s type material it is almost impossible to decide on which of these numerous species are Gray´s three species and which are not. Without any doubt the genus deserves a detailed revision, but much more fresh material with precise collecting data is necessary and will hopefully soon become available.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 87 It is presumed that the species of this genus mainly live in the canopy. Both, ♂♂ and ♀♀ are attracted by light and due to their well-developed wings are able to fly over noticeable distances. Like in the related Prisopus and Damasippus the eggs are being glued to bark, branches or leaves by their flattened and smooth ventral surface. But unlike Prisopus, Dinelytron lay them individually and not in a row. Distribution. Mostly known to occur throughout the lowlands of Brazil (states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina) but also recorded from French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru and even Costa Rica. Hence, the genus is very like to occur also in the intervening areas including Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia and Panama.

Species of Dinelytron recorded from French Guiana:

Dinelytron cahureli n. sp. [French Guiana]

Dinelytron cahureli n. sp. (Figs. 42–44)

HT, ♂: A.Cahurel leg., Guyane Française, du 26-XI au 30-XI-2010, N2, piste forestière du PK59, ex coll. ASPER, [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Sinnamary, Savane de Trou Poissons, 5°25’25”N–53°04’22”W, 7m, S.E.A.G., Light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 22.12.2017 [MNHN]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 31.09.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0299-1]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saint-Elie, Montagne proche du Mont Barruol, 04°18’58’’ N 53°17’10’’ W, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang 400W, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 02.03.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0299-2]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 11.02.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0299-3]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 03.05.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0299-4]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 21.03.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0299-10]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 29.11.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0299-11]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 10.09.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0299-12]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 10.12.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0299-16]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.02.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0299-17]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 14.12.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0299-5]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 05.07.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0299-6]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 29.03.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0299-7]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Mana & Saint-Elie, Réserve Naturelle de la Trinité—Zone Aya, 4°36’3’’N–53°24’43’’W, 140m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 10.11.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0299-8]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Camopi, Mont Saint-Marcel, 2°23’03,00”N 53°00’37,00”W, S.E.A.G., Malaise-trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 25.09.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0299-9]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 16.04.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0299-13]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W,

88 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 30.10.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0299-14]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 27.02.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0299-15]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 26.11.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0299-18]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie pink trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 18.08.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0299-19]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie pink trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 08.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0299-20]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 08.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0299-21]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 08.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0299-22]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 08.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0299-23]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap pink, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 08.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0299-24]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Mont Chauve, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 16.08.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0299-25]. PT, 1 ♀: 3.I.00 Pk32, Pst. St Elie, Foret Yiyi; Guyane Française, Th Rosant; Rosant Th., N° 4000 [coll. TR, No. 4000].

Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Alex Cahurel who collected the holotype, and in order to acknowledge his great efforts in collecting many Phasmatodea in French Guiana. Differentiation. The distinctive yellow to orange colour of the anal fan of the alae readily distinguishes D. cahureli n. sp. from all other species of the genus. In addition, males are distinguished by having the posterior margin of the poculum slightly pointed medially. Description: ♀ (Fig. 42). Typical size and body shape for the genus. Length of body 47.7–58.0 mm. General colour of body mid brown to dark chestnut brown with some pale granules on head and thorax. Ventral side brownish orange, in one PT with a distinct longitudinal black line on entire thorax and abdomen, less pronounced in the other ♀ PT. Head with several rows of tiny yellowish granules. Antennae dark brown with indistinct orange annulations at the apical end of the antennomeres. Eyes chestnut brown. Pro- and mesonotum covered with numerous small, yellowish to orange granules. Mesopleurae bearing strongly deflexed, parallel sided appendages with margins densely covered with long setae. Tegmina mid brown to chestnut brown with indistinct drab orange mottling. Costal area of alae yellow to orange in basal third and of same colour as tegmina in the apical two thirds. Anal area of alae dark yellowish to orange translucent, running into brownish translucent along the margins. Posterior margin of subgenital plate rounded. Legs chestnut brown, speckled with drab orange; knees black; ventral side of mid- and hind legs dark orange to greenish brown. Mesofemora bearing three small spines on ventral side. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 47.7–55.0, pronotum 3.2–3.5, mesonotum 4.4–5.2, metanotum 3.0–3.6, median segment 3.4–4.1, tegmina 16.2–16.9, alae 31.0–33.4, profemora 7.6–8.7, mesofemora 5.2–5.7, metafemora 10.4–12.5, antennae 25.5. ♂ (Figs. 43–44). Length of body 37.0–38.9 mm. Similar to ♀, but more slender and smaller. Cerci as long as anal segment. Poculum drab orange brown, small and flat, reaching posterior margin of tergum IX; posterior margin rounded. Measurements HT [mm]: Body 37.5, pronotum 2.3, mesonotum 4.5, metanotum 4.1, median segment 2.7, tegmina 11.2, alae 22.8, profemora 7.5, mesofemora 4.6, metafemora 9.1, protibia 5.1, mesotibia 4.1, metatibia 7.7, head 2.3, antennae >21.5. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 37.0–38.9, pronotum 2.4–2.7, mesonotum 3.2–3.8, metanotum 2.9–3.4, median segment 2.7–3.0, tegmina 11.7–12.0, alae 23.6–23.9, profemora 6.5–7.5, mesofemora 4.5–4.6, metafemora 8.7–9.9, antennae >21.0. Distribution. French Guiana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [coll. OC]; Commune de Mana & Saint-Elie, Réserve Naturelle de la Trinité—Zone Aya [coll. OC]; Commune de Camopi, Mont Saint-Marcel [coll.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 89 OC]; Commune de Saint-Elie, Montagne proche du Mont Barruol [coll. OC]; Commune de Sinnamary, Savane de Trou Poissons [coll. OC]; piste forestière du PK59 [MNHN]; St. Elie, Foret Yiyi [TR].

FIGURE 42. Female (PT) of Dinelytron cahureli n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 91 FIGURE 44. Male (PT) of Dinelytron cahureli n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

Type-species: Mantis sacrata Olivier 1792: 639, by subsequent designation of Kirby 1904: 405.

Prisopus Le Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828: 444 Serville, 1831: 62 Gray, 1835: 27 Burmeister, 1838: 587 Serville, 1838 [1839]: 282 Haan, 1842: 112 westwood, 1859: 166 Saussure, 1859: 63 Stål, 1875: 60 Rehn, 1904: 105 Kirby, 1904: 405 (Designation of type-species) Redtenbacher, 1906: 153 Shelford, 1909: 376 Bradley & Galil, 1977: 202 Bragg, 2001: 642 Zompro, 2004: 320 Otte & Brock, 2005: 284 Gates, 2008: 1 Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 19 Platytelus Gray, 1835: 28. (Type-species: Platytelus horridus Gray, 1835, by original monotypy) Prisopoides Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020: 58

Species included:

Prisopus apteros Camousseight, 2010: 5 [Chile] Prisopus ariadne Hebard, 1923: 352 [Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Venezuela; Suriname; French Guiana, Peru, Ecuador] Prisopus atrobrunneus (Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020) n.comb. [Brazil: Rio de Janeiro] Prisopus berosus Westwood, 1859: 168 [S-Mexico, Belize, Nicaragua, San Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Pan- ama] Prisopus bifidus Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 334 [Colombia] Prisopus biolleyi Carl, 1913: 9 [Costa Rica] Prisopus brunnescens (Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020) n. comb. [Brazil: Paraná] Prisopus caatingaensis (Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020) n.comb. [Brazil: Piauí] Prisopus cepus Westwood, 1859: 169 [Bolivia] Prisopus clarus n. sp. [French Guiana] Prisopus draco (Olivier, 1792: 636) [unknown] Prisopus horridus (Gray, 1835: 28) [Bolivia; Peru; Ecuador; Colombia; Brazil: Amapá, Mato Grosso & Amazonas; French Guiana] Prisopus horstokkii (Haan, 1842: 113) [Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Goiás, Tocantins, Mato Grosso; French Gui- ana; Suriname; Guyana; Trinidad; Colombia] Prisopus minimus Chopard, 1911: 342 [French Guiana] Prisopus nanus Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 343 [Colombia] Prisopus occipitalis Dohrn, 1910: 400 [Ecuador] Prisopus ohrtmanni (Lichtenstein, 1802: 17) [Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, São Paulo] = Prisopus spiniceps Burmeister, 1838: 588. n. syn. = Prisopus spinicollis Burmeister, 1838: 588. n. syn. = Prisopus cornutus Gray, 1835: 43. n. syn. Prisopus phacellus Westwood, 1859: 169 [Brazil: Amazonas; French Guiana; Suriname] Prisopus piperinus Redtenbacher, 1906: 154 [French Guiana] Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792: 639) [Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Santa Catarina; French Guiana]

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 93 Prisopus conocephalus n. sp. [French Guiana] Prisopus villosipes (Redtenbacher, 1906) n.comb. [Brazil: Minas Gerais] Prisopus wolfgangjunki Zompro, 2003: 509 [Brazil; Colombia; French Guiana]

Differentiation. This very distinctive genus finds its closest relative in Dinelytron Gray, 1835. From this genus it is however easily distinguished by the much more robust and broad body, the lobed and broadened meso- and metafemora and the lateral lobes of the terminal terga of the abdomen. Description. Medium to large very stocky and robust Prisopodinae, body distinctly flattened dorsoventrally, colouration lichenous, moss- or bark-like and fully winged (except for one apterous species). Sexual dimorphism very weakly pronounced with ♂♂ just slightly more slender and smaller than ♀♀. Body length of ♂♂ 29.0–67.0 mm, ♀♀ 51.0–92.0mm. Head broad, flattened, and hardly longer than wide to slightly wider than long, genae convex and the vertex armed with spines or at least covered with small granules or tubercles (back of vertex conically raisded in one species). Antennae short and thick, at best reaching to posterior half of abdomen, segments simple to club-shaped and sometimes bearing tiny teeth; scapus compressed dorsoventrally. Eyes large, almost circular in outline and projecting hemispherically. No ocelli. Thorax flattened, distinctly wider than high. Pronotum slightly longer than wide (in some slender ♂♂) to more than 1.5x wider than long (in some robust ♀♀); surface armed with single prominent spines or at least covered with granules. Pro- meso- and metapleurae often bearing dense and long setae or even small leaf-like appendages. Mesonotum scarcely longer than pronotum and slightly longer than wide to 2x wider than long. Tegmina and alae fully developed, except one species from Chile being apterous. Tegmina elongate, roughly 2/3 the length of alae and reaching to posterior margin of tergum II to V; often bearing roughly structured and sub-basal elevations. Alae reaching to posterior margin of tergum VI to apex of abdomen. Sternites smooth. Metasternum often having a distinctive colouration. Abdomen dorsoventrally flattened and distinctly broader than high. Ventral surface having a more or less distinct medio-longitudinal convex ridge, which becomes increasingly more prominent towards sternum VIII. Seg- ments slightly longer than wide in some ♂♂ of slender species to 3x wider than long in most ♀♀ of robust species. Median segment longer than metanotum. Tergites V–X with distinctive lateral lobes. In some slender species these lobes are less pronounced in the ♂♂, but can be covered with dense setae. Sternites smooth and often shiny. Anal segment with the posterior margin broadly rounded, sometimes with a small indention medially, edged by two more or less pronounced lateral lobes. Cerci slender, strongly laterally compressed, mostly about as long as anal segment. Vomer very small, usually triangular with pointed apex, sometimes slender and elongate with a long and posteriorly pointed apex. Poculum flat with the posterior margin rounded, straight or even with a long spine in its centre, reaching or slightly projecting over posterior margin of tergum IX. Epiproct of ♀♀ incised posteromedially, slightly projecting posterior margin of anal segment. Subgenital plate similar to poculum of ♂♂, small and flat, posterior margin broadly rounded, often running into a rounded apex, at best reaching posterior margin of tergum IX. Legs very distinctly broadened and compressed with large lobes and undulate extensions, typical for the genus. Lateral margins of undulate extensions often set with spines or/and dense setae. Profemora moderately incurving, as long as pro- and mesonotum combined or slightly longer in some slender species. Profemora often bearing small elliptical apical lobes, which can be present in the remaining femora, too. Metatibiae in some species with a prominent apical spine. Hind legs not reaching apex of abdomen in ♀♀ and at best reaching apex of abdomen in ♂♂. Tarsi about as long as corresponding tibia, basitarsi as long as to 2x longer than the second tarsomeres. Eggs: Capsule ball-shaped to barrel-shaped, the ventral surface flattened as the eggs are glued to branches, twigs or bark in rows of 10–20 or even more. About as wide as long. Capsule surface minutely granulose or rugose and entirely covered with a network of ridges or at least densely covered with rounded granules or even raised bark and lichen-like structures. Micropylar plate oval to round, or heart-shaped, displaced to the anterior and mostly touching the operculum. Both, micropylar plate and operculum on the dorsal surface of the capsule. Operculum flat and almost circular. Comments. Detailed examination of the types, descriptions, and figures of Prisopus cornutus Gray, 1835, Prisopus spinicollis Burmeister, 1838, and Prisopus spiniceps Burmeister, 1838 have shown to be conspecific to Prisopus ohrtmanni (Lichtenstein, 1802) and therefore are synonymised here (n. syn.). Prisopus Le Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 is a genus of very well adapted phasmatodeans which have evolved numerous mor-

94 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. phological specializations that provide them with impressive camouflage on bark, lichens and mosses. Mostly these insects spend most of their time tightly clung to large branches or trunks of trees, where they can hardly be spotted by possible predators. Some of their distinctive morphological specializations, e.g. the longitudinally concave and smooth ventral body surface, long bristles along the lateral margins of the thoracic pleurae and abdominal terga as well as the oval lobes or flaps present on some of these body segments, have resulted in the odd hypothesis that Prisopus might possess semiaquatic habits (Murray, 1866). In fact however, and this is also the main reason why these insects are quite rarely found by collectors, species of Prisopus are almost exceptionally canopy dwellers and mostly live high up in trees. Hence, the best collecting results have been achieved by using light traps because both sexes are active flyers and are frequently attracted to light. So far, almost nothing is known about their life cycle and natural host plants, but in Costa Rica the two first authors have found specimens on trees of the family Fagaceae. Prisopus is distributed throughout most of the tropical regions of Central and South America and widely spread. The large distributional range reaches from southern Mexico in the north to as far south as Bolivia and even Chile. The very wide distributions of certain species (e.g. P. ariadne, P. horridus or P. horstokki) are unusual and noteworthy because these distributional patterns are almost unique amongst the New World Phasmatodea. While a few species have been recorded from mountainous regions, most appear to be restricted to lowland regions or moderately mountainous habitats usually below 1500 metres. When disturbed, the adult insects exhibit an impressive active defence reaction that includes opening their large wings and curling up their abdomens to show the distinctively colourful abdominal sterna. Eggs are glued in rows to bark and branches but sometimes also on the lower surfaces of stable leaves. Within these rows eggs are attached to each other by their anterior and polar ends, both of which are conspicuously flattened. The differentiation of species within Prisopus can be difficult because in general representatives are fairly consistent what concerns to the general appearance, body shape and proportions but often exhibit considerable variability in colouration within individual species. The character that has proven to be the best and most reliable for species distinction within Prisopus is the colouration of the ventral body surface. Each individual species shows a very distinctive, characteristic and apparently very constant colour pattern that readily distinguishes it from related species. This colour pattern is more or less identical between the two sexes of individual species, why only one key comprises both ♂♂ and ♀♀ is presented below. Due to the taxonomic complexity of the genus and the fact that several type-specimens are untraced and obviously lost, we consider it necessary to designate neotypes for Prisopus horridus (Gray, 1835) and Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792) in order to guarantee stability of these taxa. A phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Prisopodini has recently been attempted by Heleodoro & Rafael (2020). In addition to proposing new diagnoses for Damasippus and Prisopus and presenting two parsimonious trees, which were based on external and internal morphological characters of the insects for hypothesizing the intergeneric relationships within Prisopodini, these authors also described the new genus Prisopoides. The analysis and trees presented suggest Prisopoides as the sister taxon of Prisopus and place (Prisopus + Prisopoides) as sister to (Damasip- pus + Dinelytron). In total the phylogenetic analysis was based on 25 characters of 21 different species (Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020: 77, table 1). But whilst all four species attributed to the newly described Prisopides were included in the analysis, only five of the currently 17 known species of the apparently very polymorphic genus Prisopus were incorporated. Moreover, the five species included in the matrix, this is P. berosus Westwood, 1859, P. biolleyi Carl, 1913, P. cepus Westwood, 1859, P. horridus (Gray, 1835) and P. horstokki (Haan, 1842), represent a fairly unfortunate taxon selection. This selection of species might be helpful for distinguishing between Prisopus and the newly described Prisopoides but it is not much meaningful for illustrating the true relationships between taxa of this species-complex. The reason for this is, that Heleodoro & Rafael (2020) omitted all those species of Prisopus, that share key features of both genera, e.g. P. ariadne Hebard, 1923, P. bifidus Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011, P. nanus Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011 and even the type species of Prisopus, P. sacratus (Olivier, 1792). Heleodoro & Rafael (2020) distinguished between Prisopus and Prisopoides as follows:

1. Shape of probasisternum: Rectangular in Prisopus vs. trapezoidal in Prisopoides. 2. Shape of profemora: Comma-shaped in Prisopus vs. trapezoidal in Prisopoides. 3. Colouration of anal fan of alae: Tessellated in Prisopus vs. hyaline in Prisopoides. 4. Posterior margin of subgenital plate (= poculum) in ♂♂: Not projected in Prisopus vs. projected medio-apically in Prisopoides.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 95 5. Sclerotization of posteromedian area of subgenital plate (= poculum) in ♂♂: Membranous in Prisopus vs. sclerotized in Prisopoides. 6. Dorsal left sclerite of genitalia in ♂♂: Absent in Prisopus vs. present in Prisopoides.

A more comprehensive look at the morphology of members of this species-complex and taking all 17 known species of Prisopus into account readily invalidates the first four of the six abovementioned characters that Hele- odoro & Rafael (2020) proposed for separating Prisopoides from Prisopus. While no internal genitalia and sclerites have so far been examined in any representatives of Prisopus, the explanations for why characters 1–4 do not serve for distinguishing between Prisopus and Prisopoides are as follows:

1. The probasisternum in P. bifidus, P. nanus and even the type-species P. sacratus is obviously trapezoidal in outline with the anterior margin notably shorter than the posterior margin and the lateral margins strongly con- verging towards the anterior (Figs. 53 e–f). Other species, like P. ariadne, show an intermediate step between a trapezoidal and rectangular shape of the probasisternum, having the anterior margin only a little shorter than the posterior margin and the lateral margins just weakly sub-parallel (Fig. 53 g). Consequently, this is a variable character within Prisopus and does not serve for separating it from Prisopoides. 2. The terms “comma-shaped” and “trapezoidal” appear odd and are fairly inappropriate for describing the shape or outline of the profemur in extero-lateral aspect. It is estimated that Heleodoro & Rafael (2020) in fact intend to refer to whether the posterodorsal and posteroventral carinae of the profemur are strongly deflexed and more or less convex to almost semi-circular in outline (= “comma-shaped”), or if these two carinae are just weakly deflexed and more or less-straight (= “trapezoidal”). It may also be mentioned that “anterior” and “posterior” are wrongly used for referring to lobes of the extremities, which makes the argumentation presented fairly difficult to understand. For example the profemora in P. bifidus are what Heleodoro & Rafael (2020) refer to as “trapezoidal”, which is a key feature of Prisopoides. Other species like P. ariadne, P. nanus and P. sacratus show various steps of intermediate shapes between “comma-shaped” and “trapezoidal” (Figs. 53 h–l). More- over, the shape of the profemora is not even a reliable diagnostic feature within individual species of Prisopus. This is seen in large series of several species at hand for examination, which show considerable intraspecific variability (P. minimus, Figs. 53 a–d). As a result, the shape of the profemora cannot serve for separating Priso- poides from Prisopus. 3. Several species of Prisopus, e.g. P. ariadne (Fig. 46 i) and P. nanus (Fig. 53 m) have non tessellated anal fans of the alae, this either being plain translucent brown (P. ariadne) or hyaline (P. nanus). Both these species key out to Prisopus in any other respect and, with the exception of the colouration of the anal fan of the alae, are typical members of Prisopus. Hence, also the plain and hyaline anal fan of the alae is not a feature that allows separation of Prisopoides from Prisopus. 4. The posterior margin of the poculum in ♂♂ is fairly variable in shape among the different species of Prisopus (Fig. 54). The fact that P. sacratus, the type-species of Prisopus, has the posterior margin of the poculum notably projected medially (Fig. 54 k), immediately invalidates this character as a distinguishing feature between Prisopoides and Prisopus. Furthermore, Prisopus conocephalus n. sp. shows diagnostic features of Prisopoides (e.g. “trapezoidal” profemora and a hyaline anal fan of the of alae) and also has “rectangular” (referring to slender, non lamellate and/or sinuate) metafemora which Heleodoro & Rafael (2020: 58) also describe as typical for Prisopoides, but has the posterior margin of the poculum not projected and obtusely rounded instead (Fig. 51, 54 e). Consequently, also the shape of the poculum cannot serve as a distinctive feature between Prisopus and Prisopoides.

As a result of a survey of the morphology of this species-complex, the diagnostic features given for Prisopoides by Heleodoro & Rafael (2020) are not supported and the genus is here synonymised with Prisopus (n. syn.). The four Brazilian species formerly attributed to Prisopoides, these are P. atrobrunneus Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020, P. brunnescens Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020, P. caatingaensis Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 and P. villosipes (Redten- bacher, 1906), are automatically transferred to Prisopus (n. comb.). Distribution. The genus is distributed throughout most of the tropical lowland regions of Central and South America from tropical Mexico in the north to northern Chile in the south. It has not yet been recorded from Argen- tina (Fig. 45).

Species of Prisopus recorded from French Guiana:

Prisopus ariadne Hebard, 1923: 352 [Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Venezuela; Suriname; French Guiana, Peru, Ecuador] Prisopus clarus n. sp. [French Guiana] Prisopus horridus (Gray, 1835: 28) [Costa Rica, Bolivia; Peru; Ecuador; Colombia; Brazil: Amapá, Mato Grosso, Amazonas; French Guiana] Prisopus horstokkii (Haan, 1842: 113) [Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Goiás, Tocantins, Mato Grosso; French Gui- ana; Suriname; Guyana; Trinidad; Colombia; Bolivia] Prisopus minimus Chopard, 1911: 342 [French Guiana]

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 97 Prisopus phacellus Westwood, 1859: 169 [Brazil: Amazonas; French Guiana; Suriname] Prisopus piperinus Redtenbacher, 1906: 154 [French Guiana; Suriname; Guyana] Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792: 639) [Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Santa Catarina; French Guiana] Prisopus wolfgangjunki Zompro, 2003: 509 [Brazil; Colombia; French Guiana]

Key to the species of Prisopus Le Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 from French Guiana (Figs. 46–47)

♂♂ / ♀♀* 1. Two prominent black spines on pronotum; distinct transverse black bands on the abdominal sternites...... sacratus - Pronotum without evident black spines...... 2 2. Protuberances of tegmina distinctly triangular and covered with many small yellowish granules...... ariadne - Protuberances of tegmina not triangular and not covered with yellowish granules...... 3 3. Large black oval field on metasternum ...... 4 - No large black field on metasternum...... 6 4. Pale spot in black field on metasternum almost circular; no spines on posterior margin of vertex...... horstokkii - Pale spot in black field distinctly longer than wide; distinct spines on posterior margin of vertex...... 5 5. Poculum yellow with outer margin black...... wolfgangjunki - Poculum uniformly black or brown...... horridus 6. Large (body length [mm]: ♂ > 50, ♀ > 70) and robust species with distinct transverse black bands on abdominal sternites. . 7 - Small (body length [mm]: ♂ < 50, ♀ < 60) and slender species without transverse black bands on abdominal sternites. . . . . 9 7. Metasternum with two characteristic black bands at the lateral sides of posterior margin...... 8 - Metasternum plain and uniformly yellow to orange ...... phacellus 8. Tegmina and costal area of alae pale creamish white...... clarus n. sp. - Tegmina brown to grey, sometimes with green or creamish white parts...... piperinus 9. Posterior portion of head strongly conically raised...... conocephalus n. sp. - Posterior portion of head not raised...... minimus

*The ♀♀ of Prisopus clarus n. sp. and Prisopus minimus Chopard, 1911 are not known so far.

Prisopus ariadne Hebard, 1923 (Figs. 46 i, 47 i)

Prisopus ariadne Hebard: 1923: 352, pl.14: 3–8. HT, ♀: Carrillo, Costa Rica; Prisopus ariadne Hebard, Type 869, Hebard coll. [ANSP]. PT, 1 ♀: Paraiso, Canal Zone, Panama; Pan., Apr. 4. 12, August Busck; Prisopus ariadne Hebard, ♀, Para- type [USNM—not traced]. PT, 1 ♂: Alahjuelo, Pan., Apr. 17. 11, August Busck; Prisopus ariadne Hebard, ♂, Paratype [USNM] Günther, 1938: 123 Otte, 1978: 78 Otte & Brock, 2005: 284

Further material [10 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀]: COLOMBIA: 1 ♂: Colombia, Caldas, Norcasia, Moscovita, El Encanto, Long 74°52´33´´ Lat.5°34´20´´, 600 nsmn, rastrojo alto jama, 10/1/2004, D. Quintana [UNAB]; 1 ♂: Colombia, Cun- dinamarca, Pradilla, Vereda Antioquia, 2400 nsmn, Guayaba, Manual, 25/IV/2004, Z. Castro, P. Rubio [UNAB]. FRENCH GUIANA: 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 14.02.2010 [coll. OC, No. 0280-1]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Belvédère de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 26.08.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0280-2]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvédère de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 23.09.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0280-3]; 1 ♂: Fran- zösisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Belvédère de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 17.10.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0280-4]; 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvédère de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 30.06.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0280-5]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 19.05.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0280-6].

98 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 46. Comparison of males of all known Prisopus spp. for French Guiana. Habitus in dorsal view. a. P. wolfgangjunki; b. P. clarus n. sp.; c. P. sacratus; d. P. horstokkii; e. P. horridus; f. P. phacellus; g. P. minimus; h. P. piperinus; i. P. ariadne; j. P. conocephalus n.sp..

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 99 FIGURE 47. Comparison of males of all known Prisopus spp. for French Guiana. Habitus in ventral view. a. P. wolfgangjunki; b. P. clarus n. sp.; c. P. sacratus; d. P. horstokkii; e. P. horridus; f. P. phacellus; g. P. minimus; h. P. piperinus; i. P. ariadne; j. P. conocephalus n.sp..

100 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. PANAMA: 1 ♂: Barro Color, Panama, 17. VI.´56, ♂, A43, F. Schraeder; Prisopus Ariadne Hebard, det. Rehn 1958, [ANSP]; 1 ♂: Panama: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Isl., 24.–26. April 1978, Silberglied/Aiello, at light [USNM]; 1 ♂: Barro Colorado Isl, CZ; WC Allee Coll; 640; Prisopus ariadne ♂, A.N.C. Hebard [USNM]; 1 ♂: Fort Clayton, e.z., 10. July ´52, at light, Blanton [USNM]. PERU: 1 ♂: Peru, Panguana, Lullapichis, rechter Nebenfluss des Pachitea, 9°37’S, 74°56’W, 19.IX–02.X.2005, leg. T.Kothe, M.Breitsameter & O. Gruler [ZSMC]. SURINAME: 1 ♀: Suriname, Coeroeni-Eiland, 13-VIII-1959, D.C. Geyskes [RMNH]. VENEZUELA: 1 ♂: Venezuela: Ar. Rancho Grande, July 1–7, 1967, RW Poole, 1100m [USNM]. Differentiation. Easily distinguished from all other species of the genus by the distinctively triangular protuberances on the tegmina, which are covered with many small, yellowish granules. Description. ♀. Of small size for the genus. Length of body 48.0–57.0 mm. Tegmina bearing distinctively raised, triangular lobes on their central protuberance, which vary in size. Colouration very variable; general colour of body and legs mid brown, ventral surface of body paler brown with irregular dark fields on pro-, meso- and metasternum and a broad, longitudinal ventromedian black streak along sternum I–VII. Head, pronotum and mesonotum shiny but rugose, no spines present. Antennae irregularly annulated in dark brown and drab yellow in apical half. Tegmina and costal area of alae brown to greenish grey with indistinct and irregular pale mottling and speckles. Angulate central protuberances of tegmina set with small rounded yellow to dark orange granules. Anal area of alae uniformly brown. Subgenital plate flat, broadly rounded and produced into a trapezoid lobe medially, reaching at best posterior margin of sternum IX. Legs brown, in some specimens having a transverse black band on the meso- and/or metafemora. ♂ (Figs. 46 i, 47 i). Length of body 36.0–40.0 mm. Very similar to ♀, but smaller. Poculum small and flat, reaching to centre of anal segment, posterior margin rounded with median incision. Vomer large, triangular with pointed apex reaching posterior margin of anal segment. Comments. Prisopus ariadne Hebard, 1923 was originally described based on a ♀ from Costa Rica and a ♂ and ♀ from Panama. The ♀ paratype from Panama in USNM could not be traced and hence is believed lost. Gün- ther (1938: 123) recorded the species from Colombia. The specimens at hand from French Guiana and Suriname differ from Costa Rican specimens and the type specimens consequently by the slightly less granulated thorax, the more distinctly pronounced and pointed protuberances of the tegmina and the distinct black marking on the ventral surface of the mesofemora. Distribution. Likely to be distributed from Costa Rica in the northwest to French Guiana in the east, but not yet recorded from Guyana. The southernmost record of this species is from the Amazon lowlands of eastern Peru. French Guiana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [coll. OC]; Commune de Saül, Belvédère de Saül [coll. OC]. Suriname: Coeroeni—Eiland [RMNH]. Costa Rica: Braulio Carrillo N.P. [ANSP]. Panama (Canal Zone): Paraisó [USNM]; Lago Alajuela [USNM]; Barro Colorado Island [ANSP, USNM]; Fort Clayton [USNM]. Venezuela: Aragua—Rancho Grande [USNM]. Colombia: Cundinamarca [UNAB] Caldas [UNAB]. Peru: Dept. Huanuco, Panguana [ZSMC].

Prisopus clarus n. sp. (Figs. 46 b, 47 b, 48–49)

HT, ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 26.07.2014 ; ex coll. Conle ; OC-0286-1 [ZSMC]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Camopi, Bergmassiv Sommet Tabulaire, Mont Itoupé, N 03°01’23’’ W 053°05’44’’, 570m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 03.2010 [coll. OC, No. 0286-2]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Nouragues Inselberg, 4°05’ N–52°41’W, 411m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.10.2012 [coll. OC, No. 0286-3]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 07.09.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0286-4]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 05.07.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0286-5]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 02.08.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0286-6].

PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 29.03.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0286-7]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 09.01.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0286-8]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Camopi, Bergmassiv Tabulaire, Pente ouest, Mont Itoupé, 600m, S.E.A.G, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.01.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0286-9]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 24.01.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0286-10]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 21.02.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0286-11]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 22.11.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0286-12]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.06.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0286-13].

102 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 49. Male (PT) of Prisopus clarus n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. dorsal; b. lateral; c. ventral; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. dorsal; e. dorsolateral; f. ventral; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. dorsal; h. lateral; i. ventral.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 103 PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.02.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0286-14]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.07.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0286-15]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 18.02.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0286-16]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie blue trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 10.11.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0286-17]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie blue trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 18.08.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0286-18].

Etymology. The name refers to the pale creamish colouration of the head, wings and parts of abdomen (clarus lat. = pale, clear). Differentiation. Closely related to P. piperinus Redtenbacher, 1906 and P. horridus (Gray, 1835). From P. piperinus it can be distinguished by the paler colour of the tegmina and alae as well as the shorter mesosternum in the ♂♂, which is less than 1.5x longer than wide (more than 1.5x longer than wide in piperinus). From P. horridus it can easily be distinguished by the transverse black bands on the abdominal sternites and the much different pattern of the metasternum. Description. ♂ (Figs. 46 b, 47 b, 48–49). Of moderate size (body length 53.0–56.1 mm) and fairly robust for the genus, the mesonotum transverse and scarcely longer than the pronotum, the head bearing several prominent granules and abdominal terga VI–X with distinct lateral lobes. All lateral margins of body segments and all legs densely covered with long pale setae. General colouration of dorsal body surface and dorsal surface of legs pale brown or creamish white. Vertex creamish white with some black speckles. Antennae dark greyish brown. Pronotum and mesonotum creamish white. Tegmina and costal area of alae creamish white in the basal half and with dark greyish brown markings in the apical half. Tip of costal area of alae of pale creamish white with a few dark patterns. Anal area of alae transparent with fine brown veins. Ventral side of head and thorax yellowish to pale brown, metasternum with a U-shaped black band along the margins, which is interrupted in its centre. Abdominal sternites yellow, II–VIII having broad transverse black bands. Poculum flat with rounded posterior margin, dark brown at the base with yellow to orange margin. Front- and hind legs mid brown, mid legs of pale drab to white colour. Measurements HT [mm]: Body 54.8, pronotum 3.5, mesonotum 5.1, metanotum 4.1, median segment 6.2, tegmina 22.0, alae 34.7, profemora 7.5, mesofemora 6.5, metafemora 10.8, antennae 31.0. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 53.0–56.1, pronotum 3.8–3.9, mesonotum 4.9–5.0, metanotum 4.5–4.6, median segment 6.2–6.3, tegmina 23.3–24.4, alae 35.5–37.6, profemora 7.6–8.7, mesofemora 6.4–6.9, metafemora 11.1–12.2, antennae 31.0. Distribution. French Guiana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [ZSMC, coll. OC]; Commune de Camopi, Bergmassiv Sommet Tabulaire, Mont Itoupé [coll. OC]; Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Nouragues Inselberg [coll. OC].

Prisopus conocephalus n. sp. (Figs. 46 j, 47 j, 50–51)

HT, ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 05.07.2014; Ex coll. OC; OC-0284-1 [ZSMC]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 24.01.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0284-9]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Malaise-trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.05.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0284-10]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 16.05.2011-11.07.2005 [coll. OC, No. 0284-12]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 15.07.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0284-11].

104 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé [coll. OC, No. 0284-2]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 07.09.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0284-3]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 05.07.2014 [coll. OC. No. 0284-4]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 17.10.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0284-5]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 19.09.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0284-6]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.03.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0284-7]. PT, 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana : Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 15.11.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0284-8]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie blue trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 27.10.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0284-09]. PT, 1 ♀: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie pink trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 21.07.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0284-10].

Etymology. The name refers to the posteriorly pointed head and is a combination of cono (cônus lat. = cone) and cephalus (or kephalos gr. Κέφαλο = head). Differentiation. Similar to P. minimus Chopard, 1911, but readily distinguished by the posteriorly raised and pointed vertex, the slender body and femora and prominent dark veins of the tegmina. Description. ♀ (Fig. 50). Slender and medium sized for the genus (body length 55.0–58.0 mm). Characterised by the swollen and posteriorly raised vertex, slender body and femora. General colour of body and legs drab greyish brown, ventral and inner side of legs mid brown and polished. Head, pro- and mesonotum bearing several granules, but no distinct spines. Mesonotum with a longitudinal dorsomedian carinae. Meso- and metasternum dark brown and sternites I–VII with a broad longitudinal black band. Tegmina of a drab greenish brown with indistinct darker speckles and lines. Costal area of alae pale reddish brown in the two basal thirds (the part which is covered by the tegmina when wings are closed) and remaining apical third of the same colour as tegmina. Anal area of alae translucent with fine brown veins. Tergum VII to anal segment bearing lateral lobes, largest in VII decreasing in size towards anal segment. Abdominal segments II–VI distinctly longer than wide, VII-anal segment distinctly broader than wide. Subgenital plate slightly constricted in apical third, posterior margin rounded, brown with two black lateral markings framing a deep longitudinal ventromedian furrow. Epiproct incised in the apical third, slightly projecting posterior margin of anal segment. Cerci long and slender, slightly broadened in apical third, about 1.5x longer than anal segment. Profemora with broad inner and outer lobes, meso- and metafemora more slender and slightly undulate. Basitarsus 1.5x longer than second tarsomere. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 55.5–59.3, pronotum 3.4–4.4, mesonotum 4.4–5.9, metanotum 5.6–9.0, tegmina 23.4–26.4, alae 37.5–39.0, profemora 8.2–9.4, mesofemora 6.2–6.4, metafemora 10.9–12.2, antennae > 26.0. ♂ (Figs. 46 j, 47 j, 51). Slender and very small for the genus (body length 37.0–40.4 mm). Characterised by the posteriorly raised and pointed, minutely spinulose vertex, and the comparatively slender profemora. General colour of body and legs pale brown to beige. The legs might be greenish-beige in live specimens (the HT was preserved in alcohol and might have lost some colour). Ventral surface of thorax and abdomen somewhat darker in colouration. Head conically raised and pointed towards posterior margin slightly longer than wide, bearing small spines along the elevated, posterior margin and some indistinct fine longitudinal dark brown lines on vertex and behind the eyes. Pro- and mesonotum slightly longer than wide, more slender than head and bearing a few blunt granules. Metano- tum slightly longer than pronotum, having a fine longitudinal dorsomedian carina. Metasternum dark brown with some indistinct mottling, no characteristic drawing present. Tegmina, beige in basal half, running into a drab olive green with dark brown to greenish veins in apical half; having a black band along the radial vein, especially along the inconspicuous sub-basal elevations. Costal area of alae translucent in basal two thirds (the part which is covered by the tegmina when wings are closed) and remaining apical third of the same colour as tegmina. Anal area of alae brownish translucent with fine brown veins. Tergum IX with a slightly more pronounced lateral lobe. Abdominal segments II–VII distinctly longer than wide, VIII-anal segment distinctly broader than wide. Poculum hardly projecting

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 105 FIGURE 50. Female (PT) of Prisopus conocephalus n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

106 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 51. Male (HT) of Prisopus conocephalus n. sp. a–c. habitus: a. ventral; b. lateral; c. dorsal; d–f. head, prothorax and mesothorax: d. ventral; e. lateral; f. dorsal; g–i. apex of abdomen: g. ventral; h. lateral; i. dorsal.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 107 over posterior margin of abdominal segment IX, posterior margin flat with a small median indention, Epiproct deeply incised, reaching posterior margin of anal segment. Vomer triangular with an up-curving, acute hook at posterior apex. Cerci slender, rabbit ear shaped, apex rounded, slightly longer than anal segment. Profemora with very slender inner and outer lobes, carinae unarmed and flat; meso- and metafemora more slender and bearing tiny teeth on ventral carinae. Profemora bearing a larger outer and a smaller inner lobe on apical end, framing the basis of tibiae. Basitarsus 1.8x longer than second tarsomere. Measurements HT [mm]: Body 37.0, pronotum 2.4, mesonotum 3.0, tegmina 15.1, alae 24.2, profemora 6.9, mesofemora 4.4, metafemora 8.9, antennae >18.0. Measurements PT [mm]: Body 36.8–39.6, pronotum 2.3–2.6, mesonotum 3.6–3.9, metanotum 5.2, median segment 2.9, tegmina 14.6–15.5, alae 23.0–25.0, profemora 6.6–7.2, mesofemora 4.6–4.8, metafemora 8.4–9.1, antennae > 20.0. Distribution. So far only known from the type-locality in French Guiana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [ZSMC, coll. OC].

Prisopus horridus (Gray, 1835) (Figs. 46 e, 47 e, 52 a–b)

Platytelus horridus Gray, 1835: 28. HT, ♀: Colombia [lost]. NT, ♂ [by present designation]: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 15.03.2014 Ex. coll. OC, No. 0285-4 [MNHN]. Prisopus horridus Westwood, 1859: 168 Kirby, 1904: 406 Redtenbacher, 1906: 155 Hebard, 1924: 141 Otte & Brock, 2005: 285 Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 19, 337, figs.

Further material [19 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 2 nymphs, 2 egg]: 1 ♀: coll. Karny; Prisopus berosus (?) det. Karny [NHMW]. BOLIVIA: 1 ♂: Prov. del Sara, Bolivia, 450m, J. Steinbach [ANSP]; 1 ♂: Chocó, Nugui, 20m [ICN]. BRAZIL: 1 ♂: Teles Pires, MT, 10/2001, Col. E.F., Oliveria [ESALQ]; 1 ♂: Ter. Amapá, S clo Navio, Bicelli col., IV-VI-60 [ESALQ]. COLOMBIA: 1 ♂: Rio Anchicayá, Colombia, Alt. MTS. 800 [MNHN]. ECUADOR: 1 ♂: Ecuador; Prisopus horridus (Gray), det. Hebard 1923, A.N.S.P. [ANSP]; 1 ♀ nymph: Lita, NW-Ecuador; Prisopus horridus (Gray), det. Hebard 1923, A.N.S.P. [ANSP]; 1 ♀ nymph: San Xavier, NW-Ecuador [ANSP]. FRENCH GUIANA: 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 28.03.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0285-1]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 23.04.2012 [coll. OC, No. 0285-2]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01. -02.2009 [coll. OC, No. 0285-3]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N– 52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.05.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0285-5]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 24.04.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0285-6]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Che- vaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Malaise-trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.03.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0285-7]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N– 52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 09.04.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0285-9]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Li- chtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 02.02.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0285-11]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Rou- ra, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 19.03.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0285-12]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 27.05.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0285-13]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W,

108 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 52. Male (NT) of Prisopus horridus (Gray, 1835) and female (NT) of Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792). a–b. Priso- pus horridus (Gray, 1835): a. dorsal; b. ventral; c–e. Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792): c. dorsal; d. lateral; e. ventral.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 109 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 15.04.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0285-14]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Com- mune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap pink, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 21.04.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0285-15]; 1 ♀: Guayana franc., S. Jean, Maroni, Le Moult [MNCN]. PERU: 1 ♀, 2 eggs: Peru: Nähe Tarapato, 600m, leg. Rainer Schulte 11.2013 [Coll.OC, No. 0285-8, 0285-8-E]; 1 ♀: Monteal gro, Rio Pachitea, Peru, G. Tessmann [MNCN]. COSTA RICA: 1 ♀: Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Esperanza, 275m, leg Kenji Nishida 11.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0285- 15]. Differentiation. This species is similar to P. horstokkii (Haan, 1842) with which it shares the distinctive colouration of the metasternum (see below). However, P. horridus differs by the presence of distinct spines on the head, simple metapleurae that lack the distinctive and prominent triangular lateral expansion seen in P. horstokkii, and having abdominal sternites II–VII each with a fine, transverse black line along posterior margin (with two dark anterior spots in horstokkii). It is also similar to P. wolfgangjunki Zompro, 2003, with which it shares the pattern and colouration of the metasternum. It is however distinguished from this species by the less translucent anal area of the alae (the brown area around the transverse veins is much broader than in wolfgangjunki), the entirely black to brown poculum (yellow with black margin in wolfgangjunki) and the hemispherically projecting eyes in the ♂♂. Description. ♀. Large (body length 79.0–92.0 mm) and fairly robust for the genus, the mesonotum transverse and scarcely longer than the pronotum, the head armed with several prominent spines and abdominal terga VII–X with distinct lateral lobes. All lateral margins of body segments and all legs densely covered with long pale setae. General colouration of dorsal body surface and dorsal surface of legs greyish mid to dark brown, the abdominal terga with a drab hue. Vertex with some white speckles. Antennae dark greyish brown with some weakly defined pale brown markings. Tegmina and costal region of alae almost hyaline, slightly pale brown with all veins greyish dark brown; both with the anterior and apical portions increasingly suffused with brown speckles and mottling. Tegmina with a dark brown washed marking at the sub-basal protuberance, a much more defined and distinct blackish brown marking medially and the washed dark brown markings at the outer margin near the apex. Costal region of alae with several bold blackish brown median markings; anal region transparent and irregularly reticulate, the transverse stripes brown. Probasisternum mid brown, pro-, mesosternum and abdominal sternum I pale straw; the mesosternum with a pair of distinct and strongly diverging black stripes near posterior margin. Metasternum dark brown with the outer margins broadly black, posteromedially with an elongate yellowish marking, which has an elongate brown spot in its centre. Abdominal sternites II–VII uniformly dull yellow. Ventral surfaces of all femora dull yellow to straw, the ventral surface of the tibiae with a blackish hue. Apical portion of all tibiae black. ♂ (Figs. 46 e, 47 e). Very similar to ♀, but smaller (body length 50.4–55.8 mm). Abdominal sternites II–VII dull yellow with a fine transverse black stripe along posterior margin. Vomer with the basal half broad, then abruptly narrowed to form an elongate, slender and gently up-curving terminal hook. Poculum flat with the posterior margin broad and roundly angular, entirely dark brown to black. Measurements NT [mm]: Body 52.7, pronotum 3.1, mesonotum 4.2, metanotum 7.3, tegmina 25.7, alae 36.9, profemora 8.7, mesofemora 6.3, metafemora 11.9, antennae 34.5. Comments. Since the holotype of Platytelus horridus Gray, 1835 is lost a neotype is here selected to guarantee stability of the taxon (Fig. 52 a–b). Westwood (1859: 168), who at that time had Gray’s specimen at hand for examination, was correct in assuming this species is very close to P. horstokkii Haan, 1842. Both share a very similar colouration of the metasternum, in P. horridus being mostly dark brown with the outer margins broadly black and an elongate yellowish marking posteromedially, which has an elongate brown spot in its centre. Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez (2011: 337) provided a redescription and illustrations of the ♂ of P. horridus. Distribution. Widely distributed throughout South America. Colombia: Chocó [ICN]; Valle del Cauca [MNHN]; Río Anchicayá [MNHN]. Ecuador: Lita [ANSP]; San Xavier [ANSP]; no specified locality [ANSP]. Peru: Huanuco [MNCN]; Tarapoto [coll. OC]; Río Pachitea [MNCN]. Bolivia: Province de Sara [ANSP]. Brazil: Amapá [ESALQ]; Teles Pires [ESALQ]; Mato Grosso [ESALQ]. French Guiana: Maroni [MNCN]; Montagne des Chevaux in Com- mune de Roura [coll. OC].

Prisopus horstokkii Haan, 1842: 113, pl.12:1. HT, ♀: Promont. Bonae Spei, Horstok [RMNH] Westwood, 1859: 168 Kirby, 1904: 405 Redtenbacher, 1906: 154 Chopard, 1911: 343 Bragg, 1996: 111 Otte & Brock, 2005: 285 Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 19, 340, figs Bellanger, Jourdan & Lelong, 2012: 488, figs Prisopus horstokki Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 19, 340, figs (Misspelling) Prisopus fisheri Gahan, 1912: 54, figs. HT, ♀: Holotype; Xapury, River Acre, Amazon Valley (J. G. Fisher), 1912.24; Prisopus fisheri Gahan (1912) Type; NHMUK (E) #845174 [NHMUK]. (Synonymised by Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 19) Zompro, 2004: 66, fig Otte & Brock, 2005: 285

Further material [41 ♂♂, 23 ♀♀, 2 eggs]: BOLIVIA: 1 ♂: Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Nuflo do Chavax Prov., Ascenc- ion 500m, XI.1963 (Walz) [ANSP]; 1 ♀: Bolivien: Dpto. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Serranía de Chochis, Chochis, -18.136070 N–60.043250 W, leg. Carlos Calderón Villavicencio & José Alejandro Bórquez 01.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0288-18]. BRAZIL: 1 ♀: Brésil, Goyaz, rio verde; Prisopus horstockkii (DeHaan) [ANSP]; 1 ♀: Dpto. Zool. UF-Paraná; Rosaria Oeste, MT, Brasil—Fev/1970, Anton Maller leg. [DZUP]; 1 ♀: Mato Grosso, Xavantina, III. 1956, Euvalod G. Silva; Prisopus horstockki (deHaan) ♀ Piza det. [MZUSP]; 1 ♀: Brasil, TO, Araguaina, 7. Jul. 2000, A. Molvasio [MZUSP]; 1 ♀: Taperinha. b. Santarem, G. Hagmann [NHMW]; 1 ♀: Utiariti, Rio Papagaio, MT, 5.XI.1966, Lenko & Pereira; Prisopus horstockki (deHaan) ♀ Piza det. [MZUSP]. COLOMBIA: 1 ♀: Colombia, Amazonas, Leticia, Km 7 via Tarapaca, 27-X96, 120 msnm, Col: Estudiantes Curso Sistemática Animal [ICN]. FRENCH GUIANA: 1 ♂: 03.X.97, Guyane fr. D6, PK29. leg. B. Hermier, det. coll. ASPER [in ASPER-PL]; 1 ♀: Guyane Française, Nouveau Chantier, Collection Le Moult; Decembre; Museum Paris, Collection Lucien Chopard 1914; 13 [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Guyane Francais, Nouveau Chantier, Collection Le Moult; Decembre; Mu- seum Paris, Collection Lucien Chopard 1914; 14 [MNHN]; 1 ♀: 15; Hocelllce [MNHN]; 1 ♀: 143. Prisopus piperinus Redt.; P. Piperinus ?? ->plutôt ♀? Roubaud; Prisopus horstokki (deHaan, 1842) E. Delfosse, Dét. 2011 [MNHN]; 1 ♂: Guyane Francais, Nouveau Chantier, Collection Le Moult; Janvier; Museum Paris, Collection Lu- cien Chopard 1914; 18 [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Guyane Francais, Nouveau Chantier, Collection Le Moult; Guyane Fran- cais, St. Jean du Maroni, Collection Le Moult; Museum Paris, Collection Lucien Chopard 1914; 12 [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Piste de Kaw, VIII. 94 [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Belizon Ph4, Guyane, 2.3.87 [MNHN]; 1 ♂: Guyane Francais, Saül, L. Sénécaux [MNHN]; 1 ♂: Museum Paris, Guyane fr., 04.9.91, pk2, G.E.P. [MNHN]; 1 ♂: Museum Paris, Guyane fr., 21.08, RN1 pk 71, G.E.P. [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Guyane Fr., Piste de Kaw pk 29, 14.XII.1992, L. Sénécaux rec.; 4; [MNHN]; 1 ♂: Museum Paris, Guyane fr., 11.10.82, Piste Coralie, P. Kindl rec. [MNHN]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guy- ana: Commune de Saint-Elie, Montagne proche du Mont Barruol ,04°18’58’’ N 53°17’10’’ W, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang 250W, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 07.03.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0288-1]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saint- Elie, Montagne proche du Mont Barruol ,04°18’58’’ N 53°17’10’’ W, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang 250W, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 08.03.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0288-2]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 24.03.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0288-3]; 4 ♂♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé, 4°02’N–52°41’W, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 15.-23.07.2009 [coll. OC, No. 0288-4, 0288-7, 0288-8, 0288-9]; 2 ♂♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44‘56“N–52°26‘28“W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 09.-11.2008 [coll. OC, No. 0288-5, 0288-6]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Nouragues Inselberg, 4°05‘ N–52°41‘W, 411m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.10.2012 [coll. OC, No. 0288-10]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Mana & Saint Élie, Réserve Naturelle de la Trinité—Zone Aya, 4°36’3’’N–53°24’43’’W, 140m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 07.11.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0288-11]; 1 ♂: Fran- zösisch Guyana: Commune de Saint-Elie, Montagne proche du Mont Barruol ,04°18’58’’ N 53°17’10’’ W, S.E.A.G.,

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 111 Lichtfang 250W, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 27.10.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0288-12]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.05.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0288-13]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Che- vaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 14.09.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0288-14]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saint-Laurent, Massif Lucifer, N 529224 E 174549 (coord UTM), S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 25.10.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0288-16]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Mana, Angoulême, Saut-Sabat RN1 PK206+4, N5°24'36,90'' O53°39'17,90'', S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 24.08.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0288-17]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 09.01.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0288-19]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 30.05.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0288-20]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 26.03.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0288-24]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Réserve Naturelle Tré- sor, Route de Kaw PK37, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 11.09.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0288-21]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Fôret vallonnée au pied d'inselbergs, S.E.A.G, Lichtfang, leg. Sté- phane Brûlé 21.03.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0288-22]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Fôret vallonnée au pied d'inselbergs, S.E.A.G, Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 25.03.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0288-23]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvédère de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326 m, S.E.A.G, Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 24.07.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0288-25]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvédère de Saül, 3°37’22”N–53°12’57”W, 326 m, S.E.A.G, Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 03.03.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0288-26]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44'31"N–52°25'53"W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 19.05.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0288-27]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44'31"N–52°25'53"W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.10.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0288-28]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guy- ana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44'31"N–52°25'53"W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 10.11.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0288-29]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44'31"N–52°25'53"W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie pink trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 15.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0288-30]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saint-Élie, Mont Mamilihpan, Light trap, leg. Sté- phane Brûlé 08.10.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0288-31]; 1 ♀: Guyane Française, St-Jean du Maroni, Collection Le Moult; Mai; Prisopus horstockkii (DeHaan) L. Chopard det.; Hebard Collection [ANSP]; 1 ♂: VIII 2014, Guyane, Mon- tagne de Kaw [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♂: 16-17 XII 2012, Guyane, PK37 Route de Kaw, leg A. Audureau [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♂: 03 X 1997, Guyane, D6 PK29, Leg. B. Hermier [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♀: II 2017, Guyane [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♀, 2 eggs: Französisch Guayana: Piste de Petit Saut, PK 4.5, 26.II.2006, attracted to light-trap, leg. O. Boilly [Coll FH, No’s 0599-1 & E]; 1 ♀: coll. Br. v. W., Cayenne, Deyrolle ded, det. Redtenb., Prisopus horstockki, 4030 [NHMW]. GUYANA: 1 ♀: British Guyana [ANSP]; 1 ♀: British Guyana, 1910, S.A. [ANSP]; 1 ♀: Jacareacang, Pará, Brasil, X-1959, M. Alvarenga leg. [DZUP]; 1 ♂: coll. Br. v. W., British Guyana, H. Rolle, det. Redtenb., Prisopus horstockki, 25.114 [NHMW]. PERU: 1 ♂: Peru: Provinz Oxapampa, Dept. Pasco, Pozuzu, 750m [coll. OC, No. 0288-15]. Differentiation. This distinctive species differs from all other species of Prisopus by the prominent triangular, tri-carinate and denticulate lateral expansion of the metapleurae. It is similar to P. horridus (Gray, 1835) with which it shares a very similar colouration of the metasternum; this comprises a very large blackish brown marking with a black outer margin, which contains an oval yellowish posteromedian marking with an elongate brown spot in its centre. P. horstokkii furthermore differs from P. horridus by the lack of distinct spines on the head and having only two small and faint anterior spots on abdominal sternites II–VII (a narrow, transverse black line at posterior margin in horridus). Description. ♀. Of moderate size (body length 66.0–87.0 mm) and very robust for the genus, the mesonotum transverse and about as long as pronotum, the head without any prominent spines and abdominal terga VI–X with distinct lateral lobes. All lateral margins of body segments and all legs densely covered with long pale setae. General colouration of dorsal body surface and dorsal surface of legs pale greyish to dark brown, very variable, often with lichenous speckles. Antennae dark greyish brown to black with segments slightly club-shaped. Head and thorax covered with granules, but without any distinct spines. Metapleurae armed with a roundly triangular posterolateral expansion. Tegmina with a roundly convex protuberance in the basal quarter. Colouration of tegmina and costal area

112 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. of alae reaching from pale grey to dark brown with several darker and paler speckles and mottling and a distinct washed-out dark brown spot in the centre of tegmina. Anal region of alae transparent and irregularly reticulate, the transverse stripes brown. Ventral side of thorax uniformly pale greyish brown to pale yellowish brown, except metasternum dark brown with the outer margins broadly black, posteromedially with an elongate yellowish marking, which has an almost circular brown spot in its centre. Median segments with a transverse black band along posterior margin. Sternites II–VII dull yellow to yellowish brown and III–VII with two small black spots near posterior margin. Subgenital plate flat, broadly rounded and produced into a trapezoid lobe medially, reaching at best posterior margin of sternum IX. Ventral surfaces of all femora dull yellow to straw, the ventral surface of the tibiae black to dark brown. ♂ (Figs. 46 d, 47 d). Very similar to ♀, but distinctly smaller (body length 49.0–60.0 mm). The ventral side of the femora can be dull yellow to straw, but also black. Vomer with the basal half broad, then abruptly narrowed to form an elongate, slender and gently up-curving terminal hook. Poculum small and flat, reaching to centre of anal segment, posterior margin rounded with median incision. Comments. This species is very characteristic for its triangular posterolateral metapleural expansion and distinctive colouration of the mesosternum. Prisopus fisheri Gahan, 1912 was synonymised with Prisopus horstokkii by Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez (2011: 19). The type-locality of Prisopus horstokkii “Promont. Bonae Spei” (= Cape of Good Hope, South Africa) is obviously erroneous, but due to the wide distribution of this species the actual type-locality is impossible to reconstruct. Distribution. This species is very widely distributed in South America, ranging from the eastern lowlands of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia over the entire Amazon basin of Brazil towards the Guianas in the east. Bolivia: Santa Cruz, Asunción [ANSP]; Dpto. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Serranía de Chochis, Chochis [coll. OC]. Colombia: Amazonas [ICN]. Trinidad [FSCA, UWI]. Brazil: Amazonas [ICN]; Goiás [ANSP]; Pará [DZUP, NHMW]; Mato Grosso [DZUP, MZUSP]; Tocantins [MZUSP]; Araguaína [MZUSP]; Xapury, River Acre, Amazon Valley [NHMUK]. Guyana [ANSP, NHMW]. Suriname [RMNH]. French Guiana: St. Jean du Maroni [ANSP & MNHN]; Nouveau Chantier [MNHN]; Piste de Kaw [MNHN]; Belizon [MNHN]; Saül [MNHN]; Piste de Petit Saut [NHMW]; Cayenne [NHMW]; Sinnamary [MNHN]; Piste Coralie [MNHN]; Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [coll. OC]; Commune de Mana & Saint Élie, Réserve Naturelle de la Trinité—Zone Aya [coll. OC]; Com- mune de Mana, Angoulême, Saut-Sabat [coll. OC]; Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Nourages Inselberg [coll. OC]; Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé [coll. OC]; Commune de Maripasoula, Mitaraka [coll. OC]; Commune de Saint-Elie, Montagne proche du Mont Barruol [coll. OC]; Commune de Saint-Élie, Mont Mamilihpan [coll. OC]; Commune de Saint-Laurent, Massif Lucifer [coll. OC]. Peru: Province Oxapampa, Dept. Pasco, Pozuzo [coll. OC].

Prisopus minimus Chopard, 1911 (Figs. 46 g, 47 g)

Prisopus minimus Chopard, 1911: 342. HT, ♂: Guyane Française, Nouveau-Chantier, Collection Le Moult; Octobre; Museum Paris, Collection Lucien Chopard, 1914; Prisopus minimus Chopard, ♂; Type [MNHN] Lelong, 1993: 34 Otte & Brock, 2005: 248

Further material [57 ♂♂]: FRENCH GUIANA: 1 ♂: Guyane Française, St-Jean du Maroni, Collection Le Moult; Museum Paris, Collection Lucien Chopard, 1914 [MNHN]; 1 ♂: Piste Coralie pk2, 16.4.91 [MNHN]; 1 ♂: 10 X 2013, Guyane, Piste de Kaw PK30, leg M. James [ASPER-PL]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.04.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0251-1]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 08.03.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0251-2]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 07.06.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0251-3]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.07.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0251-4]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 30.08.2014 [coll. OC, No.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 113 0251-5]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N– 52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.05.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0251-6]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Licht- fang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 27.09.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0251-7]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Mon- tagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.04.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0251-8]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 10.08.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0251-9]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 07.12.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0251-10];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Com- mune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé, 4°02'N–52°41'W, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 29.09.2009 [coll. OC, No. 0251-11];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N– 52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 02.10.2011 [coll. OC, No. 0251-12];. 3 ♂♂: Franzö- sisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.10.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0251-13, 0251-16, 0251-17];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 07.09.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0251-14];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.01.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0251-15];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N– 52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 07.09.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0251-18];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 19.05.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0251-19];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 02.08.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0251-20];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N– 52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 27.09.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0251-21];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Régina, Réserve Naturelle des Nouragues—Camp Inselberg, 4°05' N–52°41'W, 411m, S.E.A.G., leg. Stéphane Brûlé 18.05.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0251-22];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 16.01.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0251-23];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75 m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 19.12.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0251- 24];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 19.09.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0251-25];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 25.07.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0251-26];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 17.10.2015 [coll. OC 0251-27];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N– 52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 19.12.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0251-28];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvédère de Saül, 3°37’22” N–53°12’57” W, 326m, S.E.A.G., Licht- fang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.09.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0251-29];. 2 ♂♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 18.06.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0251-30, 0251-31];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Che- vaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.02.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0251-32];. 2 ♂♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N– 52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 16.07.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0251-33, 0251-34];. 2 ♂♂♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.08.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0251-35, 0251-36];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.02.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0251-38];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.07.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0251-39];. 2 ♂♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 29.04.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0251-40, 0251- 45];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 03.06.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0251-42];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana:

114 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 27.05.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0251-43];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 05.11.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0251-44];. 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvédère de Saül, 3°37’22” N–53°12’57” W, 326m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 02.08.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0251-41];. 1 ♂: Fran- zösisch Guyana: Communde de Montsinery, Savane Lambert, Savane littorale, N 4°53’05,09” W 52°31’04,70”, S.E.A.G, Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 09.07.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0251-37]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 23.06.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0251-38]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 17.11.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0251-39]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 26.05.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0251-40]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N– 52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 31.03.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0251-41]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 24.03.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0251-42]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Auto- matic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 06.10.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0251-43]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 25.11.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0251-44]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie blue trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 31.03.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0251-45]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie blue trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 17.11.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0251-46]. Differentiation. Similar to P. conocephalus n. sp., but differing by the less raised and not elevated vertex, the different and darker maculation on the ventral body surface, the broader profemora and the smaller size. Description. ♂ (Figs. 46 g, 47 g). Slender and small for the genus (body length 45.0–50.0 mm). General colour of body, tegmina, costal area of alae and legs pale to dark grey with paler and darker mottling, ventral side of thorax, abdomen and ventral and inner side of legs black with dark brown mottling, polished. Antennae grey to dark grey, eyes dark grey with brown mottling. Head, pro- and mesonotum covered with tiny blunt granules, vertex flat. Me- sosternum having two broad longitudinal black bands laterally, framing an indistinct brownish or at least brighter dorsomedian band. Pro-, meso- and metapleurae ventrally protruded, bearing dense setae along the ventral margins. Tegmina with dark and pale grey mottling, sometimes with single small black spots. Protuberances of tegmina moderately elevated roundly. Costal area of alae coloured as tegmina in apical half; basal half a lot paler (the part which is covered by the tegmina when wings are closed). Anal area of alae translucent and tessellate with fine brown veins. Tergum II to anal segment having a longitudinal dorsomedian carina; VII to anal segment bearing lateral lobes, largest in VII decreasing in size towards anal segment. Abdominal segments II–VI distinctly longer than wide, VII about as wide as long, VII-anal segment distinctly broader than wide. Poculum slightly constricted in apical third, posterior margin rounded. Epiproct slightly incised, hardly projecting posterior margin of anal segment. Cerci small and slender, slightly constricted at the base, shaped like the ears of a rabbit, hardly longer than anal segment. Ventral carinae of all legs covered with dense setae. Profemora with small inner and outer lobes, hardly undulate; meso- and metafemora more slender and slightly undulate. Basitarsus 1.8x longer than second tarsomere. Comments. This small species was originally described from a single holotype ♂ from French Guiana, and although a very large number of ♂♂ have become available for examination meanwhile, the ♀♀ and eggs still remain unknown. The numerous ♂♂ now available for examination show the species is apparently not uncommon. Distribution. So far only recorded from French Guiana: Nouveau-Chantier [MNHN]; Piste Coralie [MNHN]; St.-Jean du Maroni [MNHN]; Commune de Régina, Nouragues, Saut Pararé [coll. OC]; Commune de Roura, Mon- tagne des Chevaux [coll. OC]; Commune de Régina, Réserve Naturelle des Nouragues—Camp Inselberg [Coll. OC]; Commune de Saül, Aussichtspunkt Belvédère de Saül [coll. OC]; Commune de Montsinery, Savane Lambert [coll. Oc]; Montagne de Kaw [ASPER].

Prisopus phacellus Westwood, 1859: 169. HT, ♂: 57 20; Prisopus phacellus Westw., Amazon, Ega; phacellus Westw..; Holo- type; NHMUK(E)845175 [NHMUK] Kirby, 1904: 406 Redtenbacher, 1906: 153 Otte & Brock, 2005: 285

Further material [16 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀]: BRAZIL: 1 ♀: Brasil, Atalaia do Norte (Rio Javari), Estado Amazonas, Dirings [MZUSP]. FRENCH GUIANA: 1 ♀: PK 37 piste de Kaw A4, 18.VIII.94; W 418.8.2; 28 [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Piste de Kaw, PK 39 A7, 23 VIII; 29 [MNHN]; 1 ♂: Museum Paris, Guyane mle., Mt. Stany, Aub. de la Rüe, IX.1957; 9 [MNHN]; 1 ♂: A6 SIN 7 [MNHN]; 1 ♂: Guyane Française 1990, Environs de Cayenne, H. De Toulgoet, J. Navatte, B. Lalanne- Cassou; Piste Coralie PK7, 17/20/21-III-1990 [MNHN]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 07.09.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0281-1]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N– 52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 27.09.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0281-2]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Li- chtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.10.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0281-3]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Malaise-trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 03.08.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0281-4]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 22.08.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0281-5]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.10.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0281-6]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44'56"N–52°26'28"W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 26.11.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0281-8]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 22.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0281-9]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0281-10]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guy- ana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 22.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0281-11]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie blue trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 15.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0281-12]. SURINAME: 1 ♂: Suriname, Exp. Wilhelmina Geb., in Loger gebouw, Koysep, 23-VIII-1963, Ligorie [RMNH]; 1 ♂: Suriname, Coeroeni-Eiland, 9-IX-1959 A.L., D.C.Geyskes [RMNH]. UNKNOWN LOCATION: 1 ♀: Prisopus sp. [RMNH]; 1 ♀: 139. Prisopus piperinus Redt.; Museum Paris; coll. Latreille [MNHN]; Differentiation. Similar to P. occipitalis Dohrn, 1910 and P. piperinus Redtenbacher, 1906, but easily distinguished from both species by the uniformly coloured metasternum of both sexes. Description. ♀. Fairly large (body length 73.0–83.0 mm) and robust for the genus, the mesonotum transverse and scarcely longer than the pronotum, the head armed with several prominent spines at the posterior margin and abdominal terga VI–X with distinct lateral lobes. Pro- and mesonotum bearing some single acute granules. General colouration of dorsal surface of head, thorax and abdomen and dorsal surface of legs greyish brown to reddish brown, sometimes with darker and paler patches. Ventral side of head, thorax, abdomen and legs dull yellow to orange with broad transverse black bands on sternites II–VII. Pro-, meso-, metasternum and abdominal sternum I uniformly dull yellow to orange. Vertex in some species with tiny white spots. Antennae dark greyish brown with some weakly defined dark brown markings, antennomeres slightly club-shaped. Eyes marbled in brown and black. Tegmina and costal region of alae pale brown to grey with dark brown veins and irregular dark mottling; basal two thirds of costal area of alae creamish white with irregular dark brown markings. Protuberances of tegmina slightly elevated. Anal region of alae transparent and irregularly reticulate, the transverse stripes brown. Subgenital plate flat, posterior margin rounded, at best reaching posterior margin of sternum IX. Epiproct slightly incised posteromedially, hardly projecting over posterior margin of anal segment. Cerci long and slender, laterally compressed with

116 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. rounded apex, slightly longer than anal segment. All legs bearing fine setae at their posterior margins. Profemora with a large outer and a small inner lobe at apical margin. Femora of all legs distinctly undulate. Metatibiae with a short, curved, acute spine at apical margin. Basitarsi 2x longer than second tarsomere. ♂ (Figs. 46 f, 47 f). Very similar to ♀, but smaller and more slender (body length 51.0–60.0 mm). Ventral surface of head, thorax, abdomen and legs dull yellow to orange with broad transverse black bands on all abdominal sternites and the poculum. Vomer small and triangular with an acute, up-curving apical hook. Poculum flat with the posterior margin rounded to roundly triangular, slightly indented medially and at best reaching centre of anal segment. Comments. Examination of the ♂ holotype of P. phacellus Westwood, 1859 revealed the epiproct-like protru- sion at the apex of the abdomen to be a slender stick that has been inserted into insect body during preparation, possibly to keep the abdomen straight during the drying process. The species is characterized by the uniformly coloured ventral surface of the thorax and the transverse black bands on the abdominal sternites. As in most species of the genus the colouration of the dorsal surface of body, wings and legs shows considerable variability. Distribution. French Guiana: Piste de Kaw [MNHN]; Piste Coralie [MNHN]; Mt. Stany [MNHN]; Cay- enne [MNHN]; Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [coll. OC]; Brazil: Amazonas [MZUSP]; Suriname [RMNH].

Prisopus piperinus Redtenbacher, 1906 (Figs. 46 h, 47 h)

Prisopus piperinus Redtenbacher, 1906: 154, pl.5: 16. LT, ♀: Coll Br.v.W., Cayenne, Deyrolle ded; det Redtenb., Prisopus piperinus, 4029 [NHMW, No. 256]; PLT, ♀: Museum Paris, Guyane FR., La Mana, Mélinon 1864; 499.64, Collection Br.v.W. ; det Redtenb., Prisopus piperinus, 23.420[NHMW, No. 256]; PLT, ♀: Museum Paris, Guyane Franc., St.-Laurent, Mélinon 1862; 331.62; 141. Prisopus piperinus, Redt. ♀; Syntypus [MNHN]; PLT, ♀ (nymph): Museum Paris, Guyane Franc., Prisopus piperinus, Redt. ♀; Syntypus [MNHN] Chopard, 1911: 342 Brock, 1998: 50 Otte & Brock, 2005: 285

Further material [33 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 4 eggs]: FRENCH GUIANA: 1 ♂: 28.XII.97, Guyane fr. D6, PK33,5. leg. B. Hermier, det. coll. ASPER [in ASPER-PL] ; 1 ♀: Guyane Française 1990, Nouveau Chantier, Collection Le Moult; Février; Museum Paris, Collection Lucien Chopard, 1914; Prisopus Piperinus ♀ Redt. [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Museum Paris, Cayenne; P. Flabelliformis Gray. (Cayenne) [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Prisopus Piperinus Redt, L. Chopard & L. Berland det. 1919; P. flabelliformis Stoll, Cayenne, M. Audouit; Collection e Serville, déterminé par Serville sous le nom de flabelliformis Gray; 331, 69 [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Museum Paris, Guyane, M. Descamps rec.; Sinnamary 3.6- VII-1977 [MNHN]; 1 ♀: Museum Paris, Guyane, M. Descamps rec.; Sinnamary VII-1977 [MNHN]; 1 ♀, 4 eggs: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.-02.2009 [coll. OC, No. 0287-1, 0287-1-E]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Belvédère de Saül, 3°37’22” N–53°12’57” W, 326m, S.E.A.G., Malaise-trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 31.10.2012 [coll. OC, No. 0287-19]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.09.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0287-43]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 22.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-44]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guy- ana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 25.08.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-45]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.12.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-46]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N– 52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-47]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Can- opy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 10.11.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-48]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 12.05.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-49]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Che- vaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.10.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-50]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W,

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 117 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy UV light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.10.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-51]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 13.01.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-52]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 02.12.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0287-53]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 02.09.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0287-54]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 17.03.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-55]; 1 ♂: Franzö- sisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 23.12.2017 [coll. OC, No. 0287-56]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 18.08.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-57]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 18.08.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-58]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 17.03.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-59]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 06.10.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-60]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 21.07.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-61]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 28.07.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-62]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap blue, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 20.01.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-63]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie pink trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 03.11.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-64]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie pink trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 04.12.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-65]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie pink trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 15.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-66]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie pink trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 29.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-67]; 1 ♂: Fran- zösisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie blue trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 17.11.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-68]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie blue trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 01.11.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-69]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Automatic light trap pink, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 08.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-70]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saint Georges, Piton Rocheux de l’Armontabo, S.E.A.G., Light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 16.06.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287-71]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saül, Point de Vue, 3°37’22”N–53°12’58”W, 300m, S.E.A.G., Light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 22.03.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0287- 72]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Maripasoula, Mitaraka, 2°14’1”N–54°27’38”W, 390m, S.E.A.G., Light trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 20.08.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0287-73]. GUYANA: 1 ♀: Brit. Guiana, W. Kutari Source. 17.I.1936. G. A. Hudson. B.M.1936-360 [NHMUK]. Differentiation. Similar to P. occipitalis Dohrn, 1910, P. phacellus Westwood, 1859 and P. clarus n. sp.. From P. occipitalis, which is so far only known from the ♂♂, it differs by the lack of the black transverse band at the posterior margin of the metasternum and presence of a lateral, apical spine on the metatibiae. From P. phacellus it is easily distinguished by the U-shaped black band on the posterior margin of the metasternum in both sexes. From P. clarus n. sp. it is distinguished by the darker colour of the tegmina and costal area of the alae and the comparatively wider mesosternum in the ♂♂. Description. ♀. Large and robust for the genus (body length 89.0 mm), the mesonotum transverse and scarcely longer than the pronotum, the head armed with several prominent spines at the posterior margin and abdominal terga VI–X with distinct lateral lobes. Pro- and mesonotum bearing some single acute granules. General colouration of dorsal surface of head, thorax and abdomen and dorsal surface of legs greyish brown to reddish brown, often lichenous. Ventral side of head, thorax, abdomen and legs dull yellow to orange with a U-shaped black band on the posterior margin of metasternum; this band often interrupted at the base of the “U”. Abdominal sternites II–VII with

118 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. broad transverse black bands. Vertex in some specimens with tiny white spots. Antennae brown with some weakly defined dark brown markings, antennomeres slightly club-shaped. Eyes marbled in brown and black. Tegmina and costal region of alae pale brown to grey with dark brown veins and irregular dark mottling; basal two thirds of costal area of alae creamish white to greenish grey with irregular dark brown markings. Protuberances of tegmina slightly to distinctly roundly elevated. Anal region of alae transparent and irregularly reticulate, the transverse stripes brown. Subgenital plate flat, posterior margin rounded, at best reaching posterior margin of sternum IX. Epiproct slightly incised posteromedially, hardly projecting over posterior margin of anal segment, dark brown to black. Cerci long and slender, laterally compressed with rounded apex, slightly longer than anal segment. All legs bearing fine setae at their posterior margins. Profemora with a large outer and a small inner lobe at apical margin. Femora of all legs distinctly undulate. Metatibiae with a short, curved, acute spine at apical margin. Basitarsus 2x longer than second tarsomere. ♂ (Figs. 46 h, 47 h). Very similar to ♀, but smaller and more slender (body length 59.0–64.0 mm). Transverse black bands on abdominal sternites II to poculum. Vomer small and triangular with an up-curving hook with acute apex. Poculum flat with the posterior margin rounded, posteromedially slightly incised, at best reaching centre of anal segment. Comments. This species is characterized by the yellow ventral body surface, the distinctive black, U-shaped marking near the posterior margin of the metasternum and the transverse black band of the abdominal sternites. As in most species of the genus the colouration of the dorsal surface of body, wings and legs can vary a lot and sometimes shows interesting darker and paler patterns. The central protuberance of the tegmina can be indistinct to very pronounced. Distribution. French Guiana: Cayenne [MNHN, NHMW]; La Mana [NHMW]; St-Laurent [MNHN]; Sin- namary [MNHN]; Nouveau Chantier [MNHN]; Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux [coll. OC]; Commune de Maripasoula, Mitaraka [coll. OC]; Commune de Saül, Point de Vue [coll. OC]; Commune de Saint Georges, Piton Rocheux de l’Armontabo [coll. OC]; Guyana: W. Kutari Source [NHMUK].

Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792) (Figs. 46 c, 47 c, 52 c–e)

Le Dragon d’ Amboine, Stoll, 1788: 53, pl. 18: 65, 65A (♀). Mantis sacrata Olivier, 1792: 639. HT, ♀: “Ambon”—lost [RMNH]. NT [here selected], ♀: Prisopus flabelliformis Stoll Brunner det.; Theresopolis S. Cath. Bras. Fruhstorfer.; Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792) det. Conle & Hennemann, 07.2017 [MNHU]. (Based on figure by Stoll, 1788: 53, pl. 18: 65, 65A) Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828: 444 Serville, 1831: 63 Gray 1835: 27 Serville, 1838: 283 westwood, 1859: 167 Kirby, 1904: 405 Lelong, 1993: 17 Bragg, 1995: 24 Zompro, 2004: 66 Otte & Brock, 2005: 285 Phasma flabelliformis Stoll, 1813: 53, pl. 18: 65 (♀). HT, ♀: “Ambon”—lost [RMNH]. NT [here selected], ♀: Prisopus flabelliformis Stoll Brunner det.; Theresopolis S. Cath. Bras. Fruhstorfer.; Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792) det. Conle & Hennemann, 07.2017 [MNHU]. (Based on figure by Stoll, 1788: 53, pl. 18: 65, 65A) Junior objective synonym Gray 1835: 27 Burmeister, 1838: 588 Serville, 1838: 283 Burmeister, 1840: 40 Blanchard, 1840: 40 westwood, 1859: 166 Murray, 1866: 265 Kirby, 1904: 405 Redtenbacher, 1906: 154 Piza, 1937: 4

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 119 Vanschuytbroeck & Cools, 1981: 24 Lelong, 1993:17 Unno, 1993: 66 Zompro, 2004: 66 Otte & Brock, 2005: 285 Phasma dracunculus Lichtenstein, 1796: 78. HT, ♀: “Ambon”—lost [RMNH]. NT [here selected], ♀: Prisopus flabelliformis Stoll Brunner det.; Theresopolis S. Cath. Bras. Fruhstorfer.; Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792) det. Conle & Hennemann, 07.2017 [MNHU]. (Based on figure by Stoll, 1788: 53, pl. 18: 65, 65A) Junior objective synonym [Lichtenstein also included the nymph described and illustrated by Stoll, 1788: 14 pl. 5: 18 and later named Mantis draco Olivier, 1792: 636 (= Phasma nympha Stoll, 1813: 77), which however is currently regarded a separate species] Lichtenstein. 1802: 16 Gray, 1835: 27 Serville, 1838: 283 Kirby, 1904: 405 Redtenbacher. 1906: 155 (in part) Lelong, 1993: 17 Otte & Brock, 2005: 285

Further material [ 1 ♂]: FRENCH GUIANA: 1 ♂: Prisopus sp. ♂; Guyane fr.; leg. Didier Rastel, det. & coll. ASPER [ASPER-PL]. Differentiation. Both sexes of this species is readily recognized and distinguished from all other representatives of the genus by the distinctive, prominent pair of black spines on the pronotum and widely U-shaped marking along the lateral and posterior margins of the metasternum (Fig. 47c). A similar metasternal marking is present in P. piperinus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Fig. 47b) and P. clarus n. sp. (Fig. 47h), but in both these species the marking is interrupted in the median portion of the metasternum. The orange ventral body surface is shared with P. clarus n. sp. and the black transverse median band on abdominal terga II–VII is shared with both aforementioned species, however these bands are much more conspicuous and defined in P. sacratus. Description. ♀. Fairly large and robust for the genus (body length 74 mm), the head armed with several small spines at the posterior margin and abdominal terga VI–X with distinct lateral lobes. General colouration of dorsal surface of head, thorax and abdomen and dorsal surface of legs greyish brown, often lichenous. Ventral side of head, thorax, abdomen and legs dull yellow to orange with a U-shaped black band on the posterior margin of metasternum. Abdominal sternites II–VII having broad transverse black bands. Pronotum with two prominent spines, slightly oriented towards the sides and with dark apex. Antennae brown with some weakly defined dark brown markings, antennomeres slightly club-shaped. Eyes marbled in brown and black. Tegmina and costal region of alae pale brown to grey with dark brown veins and irregular dark mottling. Protuberance of tegmina slightly to distinctly roundly elevated. Anal region of alae transparent and irregularly reticulate, the transverse stripes brown. Subgenital plate flat, posterior margin rounded, at best reaching posterior margin of sternum IX. Epiproct slightly incised posteromedially, hardly projecting over posterior margin of anal segment, dark brown to black. Cerci long and slender, laterally compressed with rounded apex, slightly longer than anal segment. All legs bearing fine setae at their posterior margins. Profemora with a large outer and a small inner lobe at apical margin. Femora of all legs distinctly undulate. Metatibiae with a short, curved, acute spine at apical margin. ♂ (Figs. 46 c, 47 c). Very similar to ♀, but smaller and more slender (body length 58 mm). Transverse black bands on abdominal sternites II to poculum. Vomer small and triangular with an up-curving hook with acute apex. Poculum flat with the posterior margin rounded, posteromedially slightly incised, at best reaching centre of anal segment. Measurements NT [mm]: Body 74.0, pronotum 6.3, tegmina 35.1, alae 52.6, profemora 11.5, mesofemora 8.6, metafemora 15.2, antennae >20. Comments. Stoll (1788: 53) originally described this species without a binominal latinized name as “Het Am- boinsche Draakje” or “Le Dragon D’ Amboine”. As for most of Stoll’s species, Olivier (1792: 639) named it Mantis sacrata based on Stoll’s figure and text. Lichtenstein (1796: 78) was not aware of Olivier’s 1792 publication and named Stoll’s species Phasma dracunculus. Consequently, P. dracunculus becomes a junior objective synonym of Olivier’s taxon. Lichtenstein (1796) however also included the nymph that Stoll (1788: 1788: 14 pl. 5: 18) described and illustrated as “Le Petit Dragon” and subsequently named Phasma nympha (Stoll, 1813: 77). This had however already been named Mantis draco by Olivier (1792 : 636) and is currently regarded a separate species. Unfortu- nately, the type specimen of Prisopus draco (Olivier, 1792) is not traced and believed lost, why no decision can be made on it’s actual identity.

120 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. As it was not possible to locate the original type specimen a neotype is here selected for P. sacratus (Olivier, 1792) (Fig. 52 c–e) in order to guarantee stability of the taxon. This is a ♀ in MNHU shown in figure 52 with the following label data: ♀: Prisopus flabelliformis Stoll Brunner det., Theresopolis S. Cath. Bras. Fruhstorfer., Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792) det. Conle & Hennemann, 07.2017 [MNHU]. This specimen automatically also becomes the neotype of the objective junior synonyms Phasma flabelliformis Stoll, 1813 and Phasma dracunculus Lichtenstein, 1796. Distribution. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro [MNHU, DZUP, CEIOC, NHMW], Espírito Santo [RNV], São Paulo [MZUSP, ESALQ, CEIOC], Santa Catarina [MZUSP, UFRJ], Bahía [DZUP, coll. FH]; French Guiana [ASPER].

Prisopus wolfgangjunki Zompro, 2003 (Figs. 46 a, 47 a)

Prisopus wolfgangjunki Zompro, 2003: 509, fig. 1&2. HT, ♀: Tacana, Brasilien, Waehner leg.; Y. preto S. Waehner leg.; 1939 1 [SMTD]. PT, ♀: San Piesdai 2/38 Esp. Santo Solimois [SMTD] Zompro, 2004: 66 Otte & Brock, 2005: 286 Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 20

Further material [6 ♂♂]: FRENCH GUIANA: 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Camopi, Mont Saint-Mar- cel, N 2°23’03,00” O 53°00’37,00”, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 21.09.2014 [coll. OC, No. 0282-1]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Saint-Elie, Montagne proche du Mont Barruol, 04°18’58’’ N 53°17’10’’ W, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang 250W, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 07.03.2013 [coll. OC, No. 0282-2]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 05.11.2016 [coll. OC, No. 0282-3]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, RN2 PK22, 4°44’56”N–52°26’28”W, 75m, S.E.A.G., Lichtfang, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 17.03.2015 [coll. OC, No. 0282-4]; 1 ♂: Französisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie pink trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 29.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0282-5]; 1 ♂: Franzö- sisch Guyana: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4°44’31”N–52°25’53”W, 90m, S.E.A.G., Canopy Lumivie pink trap, leg. Stéphane Brûlé 15.09.2018 [coll. OC, No. 0282-6]. Differentiation. Similar to P. horridus (Gray, 1835), with which it shares the pattern and colouration of the metasternum. It however differs by the colouration of the costal area of the alae, which are more translucent because only the transverse veins are surrounded by a brown area in both sexes, the yellow poculum being surrounded by a black margin (entirely black or brown in horridus) and the less projecting eyes of the ♂♂. Description. ♀. Of moderate size (body length 86.9–90.0 mm) and fairly robust for the genus, the mesonotum transverse and scarcely longer than the pronotum, the head almost unarmed and abdominal terga VII–X with very distinct lateral lobes. All lateral margins of body segments and all legs densely covered with long pale setae. Gen- eral colouration of dorsal body surface and dorsal surface of legs greyish mid to dark brown, the abdominal terga with a drab hue. Vertex with some white speckles. Antennae dark greyish brown. Tegmina and costal region of alae hyaline, slightly pale brown with all transverse veins greyish dark brown; both with the anterior and apical portions increasingly suffused with brown speckles and mottling. Tegmina with a dark brown washed marking at the sub-basal protuberance, a much more defined and distinct blackish brown marking medially and the washed dark brown markings at the outer margin near the apex. Costal region of alae with several bold blackish brown median markings; anal region transparent and irregularly reticulate, the transverse veins surrounded by brown areas. The mesosternum with a pair of distinct and strongly diverging black stripes near posterior margin. Metasternum dark brown with the outer margins broadly black, posteromedially with an elongate yellowish marking, which has an elongate brown spot in its centre. Abdominal sternites II–VII uniformly dull yellow. Ventral surfaces of all femora dull yellow to straw, the ventral surface of the tibiae with a blackish hue. Apical portion of all tibiae black. ♂ (Figs. 46 a, 47 a). Very similar to ♀, but smaller (body length 59.0–65.0 mm). Eyes distinctly projecting hemispherically. Abdominal sternites II–VII dull yellow. Vomer with the basal half broad, then abruptly narrowed to form an elongate, slender and gently up-curving terminal hook. Poculum flat with the posterior margin broad and roundly angular, yellow and surrounded by a black line.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 121 FIGURE 53. Variability in Prisopus. a–d. Intraspecific variability in profemora of Prisopus minimus; e–g. Probasisternum of: e. Prisopus nanus; f. Prisopus sacratus; g. Prisopus ariadne; h–l. Profemur of: h. Prisopus conocephalus n.sp.; i. Prisopus nanus; j. Prisopus bifidus; k. Prisopus ariadne; l. Prisopus sacratus; m. Habitus of Prisopus nanus.

122 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. FIGURE 54. End of the abdomen of males of Prisopus in ventral view. a. Prisopus ariadne; b. Prisopus berosus; c. Prisopus biolleyi; d. Prisopus clarus; e. Prisopus conocephalus n.sp.; f. Prisopus horstokkii; g. Prisopus horridus; h. Prisopus minimus; i. Prisopus phacellus; j. Prisopus piperinus; k. Prisopus sacratus; l. Prisopus wolfgangjunki.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 123 Distribution. So far recorded from: Brazil: Amazonas, Río Tacana and Río Solimões [SMTD]. French Guiana: Commune de Camopi, Mont Saint-Marcel [coll. OC]; Commune de Saint-Elie, Montagne proche du Mont Barruol [coll. OC]. Since Río Tacana partly represents the border between Brazil and Colombia, it is more than likely that this species also occurs in the southeastern portions of Colombia.

6. Summary

Based on the study of various collections as well as the sampling effort by the SEAG, our knowledge of the Phas- matodea biodiversity of French Guiana could be extended significantly and the taxonomic positions of many taxa have been reorganized in the present work. As a result, 16 new species and one new genus are described herein and several species are recorded from French Guiana for the first time. This increases the total number of species known to occur in French Guiana to 73. These taxonomic changes along with the designation of several lectotypes and neotypes clarify several important aspects of the taxonomy of Neotropical Phasmatodea and are a fundamental contribution to our knowledge of the stick insects of this region.

7. Preliminary checklist of species recorded from French Guiana

A preliminary checklist of species recorded from French Guiana is here presented. Detailed information on the taxa is available either in the descriptions of species above, in various catalogues of museum collections or in the Phasmida Species File online (http://phasmida.orthoptera.org), hence is not reproduced here. Further taxonomic changes, mainly concerning to anareolate taxa that are not covered in this publication, but will be published in additional papers dealing with these subgroups and a forthcoming guide to the Phasmatodea of French Guiana by the authors (in progress). The latter will include illustrated keys to genera and species. In order to to present an updated checklist of species, some additional taxonomic changes that concern to species not covered in the main chapter of this publication shall be explained as follows: detailed examination of the original descriptions and available illustrations of Pseudophasma annulipes (Redtenbacher, 1906), Pseudophasma (blanchardiW estwood, 1859) and Pseudophasma reticulatum (Blanchard, 1843), revealed that P. annulipes is conspecific with P. reticulatum. Since the latter is a homonym of P. blanchardi this is the valid name for this species (n. syn.). Also, examination of the HT of Pseudophasma castaneum (Bates, 1865) clearly shows that it is not conspecific with P. blanchardi, hence it is removed from synonymy and here re-established as a valid species here (rev. stat.). Studying the figures of Bacteria atrophica presented by Pallas (1772: 12, pl. 1: 7) obviously shows this very distinctive species to be the same as Ignacia appendiculatum (Kirby, 1904) and consequently, Ignacia appendiculatum (Kirby, 1904) is here synonymised with Bacteria atrophica Pallas, 1772 (n. syn.). Most certainly based on the wrong type-locality “Indias Orientalis” given by Pallas (1772: 12), Redtenbacher (1908: 493) placed atrophica in the Oriental Necrosciinae genus Anarchodes. Therefore, it is here transferred to the genus Ignacia Rehn, 1904 (n. comb.). Unfortunately, the type specimen(s) are lost and in order to clarify the taxonomic position of the species, a syntype of I. appendiculatum deposited in NHMUK is here selected as the neotype of I. atrophicus. The specimen bears the following data and collection number: ♀: SYNTYPE, 58’77. Amazon. Nanta. Ignacia appendiculata Kirby, appendiculatum Kl. ♀ Type, BMNH(E) #845290.

„ANAREOLATAE“

Diapheromeridae: Diapheromerinae: Diapheromerini

Bacteria Berthold, 1827 Bacteria dreyfusi (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 324) Phanocles Stål, 1875

124 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. Phanocles procerus n. sp. Phanocles maroniensis (Chopard, 1911: 345, figs.) n. comb. Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 Phanocloidea dubius Gray, 1835: 34 Phanocloidea lobulatipes n. sp. Phanocloidea muricata (Burmeister, 1838: 564) = Bacteria divergens Redtenbacher, 1908: 418 = Bacteria imitans Redtenbacher, 1908: 419 Phanocloidea nodulosa (Redtenbacher, 1908: 416) Phanocloidea pallidenotata (Redtenbacher, 1908: 415) n. comb. Phanocloidea rufopecta Redtenbacher, 1908: 416 Phantasca Redtenbacher, 1908 Phantasca adiposa Hennemann, Conle, Bellanger, Lelong & Jourdan, 2018: 9, figs. 1–13 Phantasca bulbosa Lelong, Bellanger, Jourdan, Hennemann & Conle, in press. Phantasca femorata Hennemann, Conle, Bellanger, Lelong & Jourdan, 2018: 14, figs. 16–24 Phantasca guianensis Hennemann, Conle, Bellanger, Lelong & Jourdan, 2018: 18, figs. 25–41 Phantasca harlequina Jourdan, Bellanger, Lelong, Hennemann & Conle, in press. Phantasca kawensis Bellanger, Lelong, Jourdan, Hennemann & Conle, in press. Phantasca nigrolineata Hennemann, Conle, Bellanger, Lelong & Jourdan, 2018: 29, figs. 49–65 Phantasca phantasma (Westwood, 1859: 126, pl. 12: 5a–b) Phantasca quadrilobata (Chopard, 1911: 343, fig.) Phantasca ruboligata Hennemann, Conle, Bellanger, Lelong & Jourdan, 2018: 50, figs. 104–119

Phasmatidae: Cladomorphinae: Cladomorphini

Cladomorphus Gray, 1835 Cladomorphus guianensis n. sp. Cladomorphus rubispinosus (Serville, 1838: 224) Hirtuleius Stål, 1875 Hirtuleius caudatus Chopard, 1911: 346 Hirtuleius gibbosus Chopard, 1911: 347 Hirtuleius gracilis n. sp. Jeremiodes Hennemann & Conle, 2007 Jeremiodes guianensis Hennemann & Conle, 2007: 6

Phasmatidae: Cladomorphinae: Pterinoxylini Pterinoxylus Serville, 1838 Pterinoxylus eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838: 577) = Pterinoxylus difformipes Serville, 1838: 227

Phasmatidae: Cladomorphinae: Cranidiini Cranidium Westwood, 1843 = Phasmilliger Carrera, 1960 Cranidium gibbosum (Burmeister, 1838: 575) = Bacteria clavigera Redtenbacher, 1908: 415 = Diapherodes (Cranidium) serricollis Westwood, 1843: 49, pl. 61: 1

“AREOLATAE”

Pseudophasmatidae: Stratocleinae: Stratocleini

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 125 Cesaphasma Koçak & Kemal, 2010 = Citrina Redtenbacher, 1906 Cesaphasma servillei (Zompro, 2000: 94) = Phasma prasina Serville, 1838: 272 Parastratocles Redtenbacher, 1906 Parastratocles rosanti n. sp. Parastratocles fuscomarginatus n. sp. Parastratocles tessulatus (Olivier, 1792: 637) Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 Paraphasma fasciatum (Gray, 1835: 24) Paraphasma lateralis (Fabricius, 1775: 275) n. comb. Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835: 26) = Phasma acanthophora Stoll, 1813: 62 = Phasma acanthopterum Gray, 1835: 78 = Prexaspes janus Kirby, 1904: 415 n. syn. = Phasma linearis Stoll, 1813: 24, pl. 8: 27 = Phasma umbretta Lichtenstein, 1796: 78, pl. 8: 27 Tenerella Redtenbacher, 1906 Tenerella affinis (Chopard, 1911: 341) n. comb. Tenerella cneius (Westwood, 1859: 124, pl. 21: 2) n. comb. = Isagoras chopardi Hebard, 1933: 37, pl. 2: 13 n. syn. Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae: Pseudophasmatini Pseudophasma Kirby, 1896 = Neophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 = Reticulonigrum Zompro, 2004 Pseudophasma brachypterum (Linnaeus, 1763: 14) = Phasma bioculata Stoll, 1813: 61 = Phasma necydaloides Linnaeus, 1763: 397 Pseudophasma castaneum (Bates, 1865) rev. stat. Pseudophasma flavipes (Chopard, 1911: 339, fig. B) Pseudophasma phthisicum (Linnaeus, 1758: 425) Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae: Paraprisopodini Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 rev. stat. = Melophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 n. syn. Paraprisopus agrion (Westwood, 1859: 164) n. comb. Paraprisopus multicolorus n. sp. Paraprisopus apterus n. sp. Pseudophasmatidae: Xerosomatinae: Xerosomatini Creoxylus Serville, 1838 Creoxylus spinosus (Fabricius, 1775: 274) = Phasma corniceps Gray, 1835: 25 Creoxylus paradoxus (Kirby, 1904: 444) Pseudophasmatidae: Xerosomatinae: Prexaspini Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 = Chlorophasma Redtenbacher, 1906: 114 n. syn. = Perliodes Redtenbacher, 1906: 136 n. syn. Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792: 641) n. comb. = Perliodes grisescens Redtenbacher, 1906: 137 n. syn. = Metriotes pallidus Chopard, 1911: 341 n. syn. Agrostia longicerca n. sp. Ignacia Rehn, 1904 Ignacia atrophicus (Pallas, 1772: 12, pl. 1: 7.) n. comb.

126 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. = Phasma minans Serville, 1838: 268. = Ignacia appendiculata Kirby, 1904: 446 n. syn. Isagoras Stål, 1875 Isagoras obscurum (Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 72) rev. stat. Isagoras similis n. sp. Metriophasma (Metriophasma) Uvarov, 1940 Metriophasma baculus (de Geer, 1773: 405, pl. 36: 2–3) Oestrophora Redtenbacher, 1906 Oestrophora triangulifera Redtenbacher, 1906: 124, pl. 5: 2 Olinta Redtenbacher, 1906 Olinta bubastes (Westwood, 1859: 159, pl. 14: 1) Paragrostria n. gen. Paragrostia brulei n. sp. Periphloea Redtenbacher, 1906 Periphloea corticina Redtenbacher, 1906: 152 Periphloea olivacea (Chopard, 1911: 339) n. comb. Periphloea santara (Westwood, 1859: 159, pl. 14: 4) n. comb. = Prexaspes nigromaculatus Chopard, 1911: 340 n. syn. Prexaspes Stål, 1875 = Elasia Redtenbacher, 1906: 127 n. syn. Prexaspes ambiguus (Stoll, 1813: 74) n. comb. Prexaspes globosicaput n. sp. Prexaspes guianensis n. sp. Prexaspes quadriguttatus Redtenbacher, 1906: 130 Prisopodidae: Prisopodinae: Prisopodini Dinelytron Gray, 1835 Dinelytron cahureli n. sp. Prisopus Le Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 = Platytelus Gray, 1835 Prisopus ariadne Hebard, 1923: 352 Prisopus clarus n. sp. Prisopus conocephalus n. sp. Prisopus horridus (Gray, 1835: 28) Prisopus horstokkii (Haan, 1842: 113) = Prisopus fisheri Gahan, 1912: 54 Prisopus minimus Chopard, 1911: 342 Prisopus phacellus Westwood, 1859: 169 Prisopus piperinus Redtenbacher, 1906: 154 Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792: 639) = Phasma dracunculus Lichtenstein, 1796: 78 = Phasma flabelliformis Stoll, 1813: 53, pl. 18: 65 Prisopus wolfgangjunki Zompro, 2003: 509 Heteronemiidae: Heteronamiinae: Pygirhynchini Ceroys Serville, 1938 Ceroys perfoliatus (Gray, 1835)

8. Taxonomic summary

8.1. List of new taxa

1. Paragrostia n. gen. (tribe Prexaspini)

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 127 2. Agrostia longicerca n. sp. [French Guiana] 3. Cladomorphus guianensis n. sp. [French Guiana] 4. Dinelytron cahureli n. sp. [French Guiana] 5. Hirtuleius gracilis n. sp. [French Guiana] 6. Isagoras similis n. sp. [French Guiana] 7. Paragrostria brulei n. sp. [French Guiana & Bolivia] 8. Paraprisopus apterus n. sp. [French Guiana] 9. Paraprisopus multicolorus n. sp. [French Guiana] 10. Parastratocles rosanti n. sp. [French Guiana] 11. Parastratocles fuscomarginatus n. sp. [French Guiana] 12. Phanocles procerus n. sp. [French Guiana] 13. Phanocloidea lobulatipes n. sp. [French Guiana] 14. Prexaspes globosicaput n. sp. [French Guiana] 15. Prexaspes guianensis n. sp. [French Guiana] 16. Prisopus clarus n. sp. [French Guiana] 17. Prisopus conocephalus n. sp. [French Guiana]

8.2. List of taxonomic changes

1. Paraprisopodini Zompro, 2004: 61 (Type genus: Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906: 156), removed from Priso- podidae: Prisopodinae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 and transferred to Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasma- tinae Rehn, 1904 (n. comb.) [→ 5.2] 2. Agrostia flavimaculata Heleodoro, Mendes & Rafael, 2017: 171, is removed from Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Paragrostia n. gen. [Valid name: Paragrostia flavimaculata (Heleodoro, Mendes & Rafael, 2017) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 3. Anarchodes atrophicus (Pallas, 1772: 12), is removed from Anarchodes Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Ignacia Rehn, 1904 [Valid name: Ignacia atrophica (Pallas, 1772) (n. comb.) → 7] 4. Bacteria maroniensis Chopard, 1911: 345, removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to Phanocles Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Phanocles maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) (n. comb.) → 4.1] 5. Bacteria pallidenotata Redtenbacher, 1908: 415, removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to Pha- nocloidea Zompro, 2001 [Valid name: Phanocloidea pallidenotata (Redtenbacher, 1908) (n. comb.) → 4.2] 6. Brizoides graminea Redtenbacher, 1906: 113, is removed from Brizoides Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Agrostia graminea (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. comb.) → 5.3.1] 7. Brizoides viridipes (Rehn, 1905: 798), removed from Brizoides Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Agrostia viridipes (Rehn, 1905) (n. comb.) → 5.3.1] 8. Cladomorphus gibbosus (Chopard, 1911: 347), removed from Cladomorphus Gray, 1835 and transferred to Hirtuleius Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Hirtuleius gibbosus (Chopard, 1911) (n. comb.) → 4.4] 9. Dinelytron agrion Westwood, 1859: 164, is removed from Dinelytron Gray, 1835 and transferred to Parapriso- pus Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Paraprisopus agrion (Westwood, 1859) (n. comb.) → 5.2.1] 10. Isagoras affinis Chopard, 1911: 341, is removed from Isagoras Chopard, 1911 and transferred to Tenerella Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Tenerella affinis (Chopard, 1911) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 11. Isagoras chocoensis Hebard, 1921: 164, is removed from Isagoras Chopard, 1911 and transferred to Tenerella Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Tenerella chocoensis (Hebard, 1921) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 12. Isagoras metricus Rehn, 1947: 11, is removed from Isagoras Chopard, 1911 and transferred to Tenerella Redten- bacher, 1906 [Valid name: Tenerella metrica (Rehn, 1947) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 13. Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835: 38), removed from Isagoras Stål, 1875 and transferred to Agrostia Redten- bacher, 1906 [Valid name: Agrostia rugicollis (Gray, 1835) (n. comb.) → 5.3.1] 14. Isagoras santara (Westwood, 1859: 159), is removed from Isagoras Stål, 1875 and transferred to Periphloea Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Periphloea santara (Westwood, 1859) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 15. Isagoras sauropterus Rehn, 1947: 3, removed from Isagoras Stål, 1875 and transferred to Agrostia Redten- bacher, 1906 [Valid name: Agrostia sauroptera (Rehn, 1947) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 16. Isagoras schraderi Rehn, 1947: 17, is removed from Isagoras Chopard, 1911 and transferred to Tenerella

128 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Tenerella affinis (Rehn, 1947) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 17. Isagoras venosus (Burmeister, 1838: 585), is removed from Isagoras Stål, 1875 and transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Prexaspes venosus (Burmeister, 1838) (n. comb.) → 5.3.4] 18. Melophasma antillarum (Caudell, 1914: 491), is removed from Melophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Paraprisopus antillarum Caudell, 1914 (n. comb.) → 5.2.1] 19. Melophasma brachypterum Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 249, is removed from Melophasma Redten- bacher, 1906 and transferred to Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Paraprisopus brachypterus (Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011) (n. comb.) → 5.2.1] 20. Melophasma colombianum Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 252, is removed from Melophasma Redten- bacher, 1906 and transferred to Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Paraprisopus colombianus (Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011) (n. comb.) → 5.2.1] 21. Melophasma vermiculare Redtenbacher, 1906: 157 is removed from Melophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Paraprisopus vermiculare (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. comb.) → 5.2.1] 22. Olcyphides cinereus (Olivier, 1792: 641), removed from Olcyphides Griffini, 1899 and transferred to Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792) (n. comb.) → 5.3.1] 23. Paraphasma paulense Rehn, 1918: 191, is removed from Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Prexaspes paulense (Rehn, 1918) (n. comb.) → 5.3.4] 24. Paraphasma quadratum (Bates, 1865: 350), is removed from Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Prexaspes quadratum (Bates, 1865) (n. comb.) → 5.3.4] 25. Parastratocles cryptochloris (Rehn, 1904: 98), removed from Parastratocles Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Brizoides Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Brizoides cryptochloris (Rehn, 1904) (n. comb.) → 5.1.1] 26. Parastratocles lugubris (Redtenbacher, 1906: 106), removed from Parastratocles Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Brizoides Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Brizoides lugubris (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. comb.) → 5.1.1] 27. Perliodes affinis Redtenbacher, 1906: 137, removed from Perliodes Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Agrostia affinis (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. comb.) → 5.3.1] 28. Perliodes nigrogranulosus Redtenbacher, 1906, removed from Perliodes Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Agrostia nigrogranulosa (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. comb.) → 5.3.1] 29. Perliodes sexmaculatus Redtenbacher, 1906: 138, removed from Perliodes Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Agrostia sexmaculata (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. comb.) → 5.3.1] 30. Planudes asperus Bellanger & Conle, 2013: 503, is removed from Planudes Stål, 1875 and transferred to Isago- ras Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Isagoras asperus (Bellanger & Conle, 2013) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 31. Planudes brunni Redtenbacher, 1906: 132, is removed from Planudes Stål, 1875 and transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Isagoras brunni (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 32. Planudes cortex Hebard, 1919: 155, is removed from Planudes Stål, 1875 and transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Isagoras cortex (Hebard, 1919) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 33. Planudes crenulipes Rehn, 1904: 100, is removed from Planudes Stål, 1875 and transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Isagoras crenulipes (Rehn, 1904) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 34. Planudes funestus Redtenbacher, 1906: 132, is removed from Planudes Stål, 1875 and transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Isagoras funestus (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 35. Planudes melzeri Piza, 1937: 6, is removed from Planudes Stål, 1875 and transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Isagoras melzeri (Piza, 1944) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 36. Planudes molorchus (Westwood, 1859: 29), is removed from Planudes Stål, 1875 and transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Isagoras molorchus (Westwood, 1859) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 37. Planudes paxillus (Westwood, 1859: 127), is removed from Planudes Stål, 1875 and transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Isagoras paxillus (Westwood, 1859) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 38. Planudes perillus Stål, 1875: 98, is removed from Planudes Stål, 1875 and transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Isagoras perillus (Stål, 1875) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2]

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 129 39. Planudes pygmaeus (Redtenbacher, 1906: 69), is removed from Planudes Stål, 1875 and transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Isagoras pygmaeus (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 40. Planudes taeniatus Piza, 1944: 43, is removed from Planudes Stål, 1875 and transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Isagoras taeniatus (Piza, 1944) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 41. Prexaspes (Elasia) ambiguus (Stoll, 1813: 74), is removed from Prexaspes (Elasia) Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Prexaspes ambiguus (Stoll, 1813) (n. comb.) → 5.3.4] 42. Prexaspes (Elasia) brevipennis (Burmeister, 1838: 584), is removed from Prexaspes (Elasia) Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Prexaspes brevipennis (Burmeister, 1838) (n. comb.) → 5.3.4] 43. Prexaspes (Elasia) pholcus (Westwood, 1859: 122), is removed from Prexaspes (Elasia) Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Prexaspes pholcus (Westwood, 1859) (n. comb.) → 5.3.4] 44. Prexaspes (Elasia) viridipes Redtenbacher, 1906: 129, is removed from Prexaspes (Elasia) Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Prexaspes viridipes (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. comb.) → 5.3.4] 45. Prexaspes (Elasia) vittata (Piza, 1985: 1), is removed from Prexaspes (Elasia) Redtenbacher, 1906 and transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Prexaspes vittata (Piza, 1985) (n. comb.) → 5.3.4] 46. Prexaspes (Prexaspes) cneius (Westwood, 1859: 124), is removed from Prexaspes Stål, 1875 and transferred to Tenerella Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Tenerella cneius (Westwood, 1859) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 47. Prexaspes (Prexaspes) lateralis (Fabricius, 1775: 275), is removed from Prexaspes Stål, 1875 and transferred to Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Paraphasma lateralis (Fabricius, 1775) (n. comb.) → 5.3.4] 48. Prexaspes (Prexaspes) olivaceus Chopard, 1911: 339, is removed from Prexaspes Stål, 1875 and transferred to Periphloea Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Periphloea olivaceus (Chopard, 1911) (n. comb.) → 5.3.4] 49. Prisopoides atrobrunneus Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020: 60, is removed from Prisopoides Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 and transferred to Prisopus Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 [Valid name: Prisopus atrobrunneus (Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020) (n. comb.) → 5.4.2] 50. Prisopoides brunnescens Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020: 60, is removed from Prisopoides Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 and transferred to Prisopus Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 [Valid name: Prisopus brunnescens (Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020) (n. comb.) → 5.4.2] 51. Prisopoides caatingaensis Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020: 63, is removed from Prisopoides Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 and transferred to Prisopus Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 [Valid name: Prisopus caatingaensis (Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020) (n. comb.) → 5.4.2] 52. Prisopoides villosipes (Redtenbacher, 1906: 151, is removed from Prisopoides Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 and transferred to Prisopus Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 [Valid name: Prisopus villosipes (Redten- bacher, 1906) (n. comb.) → 5.4.2] 53. Stratocles forcipatus Bolívar, 1896: 11, removed from Stratocles Stål, 1875 and transferred to Parastratocles Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Parastratocles forcipatus (Bolívar, 1896) (n. comb.) → 5.1.1] 54. Stratocles soror Redtenbacher, 1906: 106, removed from Stratocles Stål, 1875 and transferred to Brizoides Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Brizoides soror (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. comb.) → 8.2] 55. Stratocles tessulatus (Olivier, 1792: 637), removed from Stratocles Stål, 1875 and transferred to Parastratocles Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Parastratocles tessulatus (Olivier, 1792) (n. comb.) → 5.1.1] 56. Stratocles xanthomela (Olivier, 1792: 638), removed from Stratocles Stål, 1875 and transferred to Parastra- tocles Redtenbacher, 1906 [Valid name: Parastratocles xanthomela (Olivier, 1792) (n. comb.) → 5.1.1] 57. Xerosoma glyptomerion Rehn, 1904: 101, is removed from Xerosoma Serville, 1831 and transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 [Valid name: Isagoras glyptomerion (Rehn, 1904) (n. comb.) → 5.3.2] 58. Chlorophasma Redtenbacher, 1906: 114 (Type species: Chlorophasma hyalinum Redtenbacher, 1906: 114), here synonymised with Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. syn.) [→ 5.3.1] 59. elasia Redtenbacher, 1906: 127 (Type species: Prexaspes (Elasia) ambiguus Stoll, 1813: 74), here synonymised with Prexaspes Stål, 1875 (n. syn.) [→ 5.3.4] 60. Melophasma Redtenbacher, 1906: 157 (Type species: Melophasma vermiculare Redtenbacher, 1906), here synonymised with Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. syn.) [→ 5.2.1] 61. Perliodes Redtenbacher, 1906: 136 (Type species: Perliodes grisescens Redtenbacher, 1906: 137), here syn-

130 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. onymised with Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. syn.) [→ 5.3.1] 62. Planudes Stål, 1875: 59 (Type species: Planudes perillus Stål, 1875: 98), here synonymised with Isagoras Stål, 1875 (n. syn.) [→ 5.3.2] 63. Prisopoides Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020: 58 (Type species: Prisopoides brunnescens Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020: 60), here synonymised with Prisopus Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 (n. syn.) [→ 5.4.2] 64. Bacteria crassipes Chopard, 1911: 344, synonymised with Bacteria pallidenotata Redtenbacher, 1908 (n. syn.) [Valid name: Bacteria pallidenotata Redtenbacher, 1908 → 4.2] 65. Chlorophasma hyalinum Redtenbacher, 1906: 114, synonymised with Agrostia graminea (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Agrostia graminea (Redtenbacher, 1906) → 5.3.1] 66. Ignacia appendiculata (Kirby, 1904: 446), synonymised with Anarchodes atrophicus (Pallas, 1772) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Ignacia atrophica (Pallas, 1772) → 7] 67. Isagoras chopardi Hebard, 1933: 37, synonymised with Tenerella cneius (Westwood, 1859) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Tenerella cneius (Westwood, 1859) → 5.3.2] 68. Isagoras nitidus Redtenbacher, 1906: 134, synonymised with Anisa flavomaculatus (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.) [Val- id name: Anisa flavomaculatus (Gray, 1835) → 5.3.2] 69. Isagoras proximus Redtenbacher, 1906: 133, synonymised with Isagoras glyptomerion (Rehn, 1904) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Isagoras glyptomerion (Rehn, 1904) → 5.3.2] 70. Metriophasma (Metriophasma) ocellatum (Piza, 1937: 2), synonymised with Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Agrostia rugicollis (Gray, 1835) → 5.3.2] 71. Metriophasma (Metriophasma) pallidum (Chopard, 1911: 341), synonymised with Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792) → 5.3.1] 72. Parastratocles aeruginosus Redtenbacher, 1906: 107, synonymised with Parastratocles forcipatus Bolívar, 1896 (n. syn.) [Valid name: Parastratocles forcipatus Bolívar, 1896 → 5.1.1] 73. Parastratocles carbonarius (Redtenbacher, 1906: 106), synonymised with Parastratocles lugubris (Redten- bacher, 1906) (n. syn) [Valid name: Parastratocles lugubris (Redtenbacher, 1906) → 5.1.1] 74. Perliodes grisescens Redtenbacher, 1906: 137, synonymised with Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792) → 5.3.1] 75. Perliodes nigrogranulosus Redtenbacher, 1906: 137, synonymised with Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Agrostia rugicollis (Gray, 1835) → 5.3.1] 76. Prexaspes (Elasia) janus Kirby, 1904: 415, synonymised with Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) → 5.3.4] 77. Prexaspes (Prexaspes) acuticornis (Gray, 1835: 26), synonymised with Prexaspes servillei (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Prexaspes servillei (Gray, 1835) → 5.3.4] 78. Prexaspes (Prexaspes) dictys (Westwood, 1859: 7), synonymised with Prexaspes brevipennis (Burmeister, 1838) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Prexaspes brevipennis (Burmeister, 1838) → 5.3.4] 79. Prexaspes (Prexaspes) nigromaculatus Chopard, 1911: 340, synonymised with Periphloea santara (Westwood, 1859) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Periphloea santara (Westwood, 1859) → 5.3.4] 80. Prisopus cornutus Gray, 1835: 43, synonymised with Prisopus ohrtmanni (Lichtenstein, 1802) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Prisopus ohrtmanni (Lichtenstein, 1802) → 5.4.2] 81. Prisopus spiniceps Burmeister, 1838: 588, synonymised with Prisopus ohrtmanni (Lichtenstein, 1802) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Prisopus ohrtmanni (Lichtenstein, 1802) → 5.4.2] 82. Prisopus spinicollis Burmeister, 1838: 588, synonymised with Prisopus ohrtmanni (Lichtenstein, 1802) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Prisopus ohrtmanni (Lichtenstein, 1802) → 5.4.2] 83. Pseudophasma annulipes (Redtenbacher, 1906: 119), synonymised with Pseudophasma blanchardi (Westwood, 1859) (n. syn.) [Valid name: Pseudophasma blanchardi (Westwood, 1859) → 7] 84. Isagoras obscurum Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 72, here removed from Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835) and re- established as a valid species [Valid name: Isagoras obscurum Guérin-Méneville, 1838 (rev. stat.) → 5.3.1] 85. Pseudophasma castaneum (Bates, 1865: 348), here removed from Pseudophasma blanchardi (Westwood, 1859) and re-established as a valid species [Valid name: Pseudophasma castaneum (Bates, 1865) (rev. stat.) → 7]

Neotypes: 1. Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792: 641). 2. Prexaspes ambiguus (Stoll, 1813: 74). 3. Prisopus horridus (Gray, 1835: 28). 4. Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792: 639).

Lectotypes: 1. Perliodes grisescens Redtenbacher, 1906: 137 2. Isagoras plagiatus Redtenbacher, 1906: 135

9. Acknowledgements

We would like to express our thanks to the curators and staff of the following museums and institutions for access to their collections, providing useful information and the loan of specimens: Dr. Tony Robillard, Simon Poulain & Emmanuel Delfosse (MNHN, Paris); Dr. Susanne Randolf & Dr. Ulrike Aspöck (NHMW, Vienna), Dr. Michael Ohl & Ulrike Dorandt (MNHU, Berlin), Dr. P. Schwendinger (MHNG, Geneva), Dr. Ben Price & Mrs. Judith Mar- shall (NHMUK, London), Dr. George McGavin & Dr. Darren J. Mann (OXUM, Oxford), Prof. Klaus Schönitzer (ZSMC, Munich), Dr. KaiSchütte (ZMUH, Hamburg), Dr. Caroline Pepermans (RMNH, Leiden), Jason Weintraub, Dr. John Gelhaus & Dr. Daniel Otte (ANSP, Philadelphia), Dr. Eliana Marques Cancello (MZUSP). Paul D. Brock (NHMUK) shall be thanked for help with photos of certain type specimens. Yeisson Gutierrez (University of Mün- ster, Germany) is thanked for providing photos of the specimens of Parastratocles rosanti n. sp. from the MZUSP. Mr. Thibault Rosant (French Guiana) is thanked for providing access to his private collection. The Société Entomologique de France for awarding a Germaine Cousin grant to Yannick Bellanger for the ASPER expedition in Saül in 2013, and to Philippe Lelong for the ASPER expedition in the RNN de la Trinité in 2016. We thank the Parc Amazonien de Guyane for having entrusted and funded the ASPER expedition in Saül. We thank the Office National des Forêts de Guyane and especially Luc Ackermann, curator of the RNN de la Trinité, for his trust. Our thanks are also going to the management committee of the reserve and DEAL of French Guiana, who accepted the participation of the ASPER in the expedition in November 2016 and its funding. Stéphane Brûlé and the S.E.A.G. team is thanked for collecting and providing material. Alex Cahurel is thanked for collecting and providing specimens.

10. References

Bates, H.W. (1865) Descriptions of fifty-two new species of Phasmidae from the collection of Mr. W. Wilson Saunders, with remarks on the family. Transactions of the Linnean Society, London, 25, 321–359, pls. 44–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1865.tb00187.x Bellanger, Y. & Conle, O.V. (2013) A new stick insect from Costa Rica. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 118, 503–508. Bellanger, Y., Jourdan, T. & Lelong, P. (2012) Contribution à l’inventaire et à la biologie des Phasmatodea de Trinidad. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 117 (4), 483–502. Berthold, A.A. (1827) Latreille‘s Natürliche Familien des Thierreichs. Aus dem Französischen, mit Anmerkungen und Zusätzen. Verlage Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, Weimar, 606 pp. [translation of Latreille, 1825]. Blanchard, C.E. (1840) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Orthoptères, nevroptères, hémiptères, hyménoptères, lépidoptères et diptéres. In: Laporte, F.L. de (Ed.), Histoire naturelle des animaux articulés. Duménil Éditeur, Paris, pp. 672. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.59226 Bolívar, I. (1896) Nota. Orthoptera amazonica. Actas de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 25, 11–18. Bradley, J.C. & Galil, B.S. (1977) The taxonomic arrangement of the Phasmatodea with keys to the subfamilies and tribes. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79 (2), 176–208. Bragg, P.E. (1995) Comments on the species of Phasmida described by Stoll in 1788 and named by Olivier in 1792. Phasmid Studies, 4 (1), 24–25. Bragg, P.E. (1996) Type specimens of Phasmida in the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden (Insecta: Phasmida). Zoolo-

132 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. gische Mededelingen Leiden, 70 (6), 105–115. Bragg, P.E. (2001) Phasmids of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 772 pp. Brock, P.D. (1993) List of stick and leaf-insect (Phasmatodea = Phasmida) type material in the Natural History Museum, published since Kirby’s 1904 catalogue. Phasmid Studies, 2 (1), 17–24. Brock, P.D. (1998) Catalogue of type-specimens of Stick- and Leaf-Insects in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Insecta: Phasmida). Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 13 (5), 1–72. Brock, P.D. (2007) The types of Phasmida in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg (ZMAS). Zootaxa, 1398 (1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1398.1.5 Brunner von Wattenwyl, K. (1907) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. II. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Clitumnini, Lonchodini, Bacunculini). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 157 pp. Burmeister, H. (1838) Handbuch der Entomologie. Vol. 2. T.C.F. Enslin, Berlin, 1050 pp. Burmeister, H. (1840) Audinet-Serville, historie naturelle des Orthopteres. Paris. 1839. 8 verglichen mit H. Burmeister, Handbu- ch d. Entomologie II. Bd. 2. Abth., 1. Halfte, (vulgo Orthoptera). Berlin 1838. 8. Germar’s Zeitschrift für die Entomologie, 2, 1–82. Büscher T.H. & Gorb, S.N. (2017) Subdivision of the neotropical Prisopodinae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 based on features of tarsal attachment pads (Insecta, Phasmatodea). ZooKeys, 645, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.645.10783 Camousseight, A. (2010) Prisopus apteros n. sp. (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae) of Chile. Revista Chilena de Entomología, 35, 5–13. Carl, J. (1913) Phasmides nouveaux ou peu connus du Muséum de Genève. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 21 (1), 1–56. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.37151 Carrera, M. (1960) Insecta amapaensia Diapherodes gibbosa Burmeister, 1839, tipo de im novo genero de Phasmida. Papéis avulsos de Departamento de Zoologica Secretaria de Agricultura, São Paulo, 14, 99–104. Caudell, A.N. (1914) Orthoptera of the Yale Dominican expedition of 1913. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 47, 491–495. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.47-2058.491 Chopard, A.N. (1911) Contribution a la faune des Orthoptères de la Guyane Française. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 80, 315–350. Conle, O., Hennemann, F. & Gutiérrez, Y. (2011) The Stick Insects of Colombia. Herstellung und Verlag, Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt, 406 pp. De Geer, C. (1773) Memoires pour servir a l’histoire des insectes. Tome 3. A Stockholm: De L’Imprimiere de Pierre Hesselberg, 793 pp. Delfosse, E. (2009) Notes sur la biogéographie de quelques Phasmes français d’Outre-Mer (Insecta: Orthopteroidea: Phasmato- dea). Le Bulletin d’Arthropoda, 41, 3–11. Delfosse, E., Cliquennois, N., Depraetere, M. & Robillard, T. (2019) Catalogue des types de la collection de phasmes du Mu- séum national d’Historie Naturelle de Paris (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Zoosystema, 41 (11), 181–235. https://doi.org/10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a11 Dohrn, C.A. (1910) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Phasmiden. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 71, 397–414. Fabricius, C. (1775) Systema Entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis,descriptionibus, observationibus. Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensburgi et Lipsia, 832 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36510 Fabricius, C. (1793) Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, species, adjectissynony- mis, Locis observationibus, descriptionibus. Vol. 2. Impensis Christ. Gottl. Proft., Hafniae, 519 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.122153 Fabricius, C. (1798) Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. Proft et Storch, Hafniae, 572 pp. Gahan, C.J. (1912) A new species of the genus Prisopus, considered especially in reference to the supposed aquatic habits of the genus. Entomologist, 45 (585), 49–55. Gates, M.W. (2008) Description of Khamul, gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae), with a hypothesis of its phylogenetic placement. Zootaxa, 1898 (1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1898.1.1 Giglio-Tos, E. (1895) Ortotteri del Paraguay. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 8, 803–818. Guérin-Méneville, F.É. (1838) Insectes du voyage de la Favourite. Magasin de Zoologie, 8, 1–80, pls. 225–238. Gray, G.R. (1835) Synopsis of the species of insects belonging to the family of Phasmidae. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman, London, 48 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8697 Günther, K. (1938) Neue und wenig bekannte Phasmoiden aus dem Indian Museum, Calcutta. Records of the Indian Museum, 40, 123–141. Günther, K. (1940) Über die Verbreitung einiger Insekten im Gebiete des Amazonenstromes und die Frage eines columbianisch- en Faunendistriktes in der brasilianischen Subregion. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 9, 450–500.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 133 Haan, de W. (1842) Bijdragen tot de Kennis der Orthoptera. In: Temminck, C.J. (Ed.), Verhandlingen over de natuurlijkeG- eschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche Bezittingen. Vol. 2. Comissie bij en J. Luchtmans, en C.C. Van der Hoek, Leiden, pp. 95–138. Hebard, M. (1919) Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Colombia. Part I. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 45, 89–178. Hebard, M. (1921) Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Colombia. Second paper. Transactions of the American Ento- mological Society, 47, 107–169. Hebard, M. (1923) Studies in the Mantidae and Phasmidae of Panama. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 48, 327–362. Hebard, M. (1924) Studies in Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Ecuador. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia, 76, 109–248. Hebard, M. (1933) Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Colombia.—Supplement to papers one to five. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 59, 31–41. Heleodoro, R.A., Mendes, D.M.M. & Rafael, J.A. (2017) Studies on Brazilian Pseudophasmatidae (Phasmatodea) with the description of a new species of Agrostia Redtenbacher and new records for Metriophasma Uvarov and Parastratocles Redtenbacher. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 61, 170–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2017.03.003 Heleodoro, R.A. & Rafael, J.A. (2018) Description of a new species of Isagoras Stål (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae: Xero- somatinae: Prexaspini) from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4378 (4), 595–600. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4378.4.11 Heleodoro, R.A. & Rafael, J.A. (2020) Review of the genus Dinelytron Gray (Prisopodidae: Prisopodinae: Prisopodini), with a phylogenetic analysis of the genera of the Prisopodini, including the description of a new genus. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 285, 37–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2020.01.005 Hennemann F.H. & Conle, O.V. (2007) Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea IV. Jeremiodes n. gen., a new genus of the subfamily Cladomorphinae, and the description of two new species (Insecta, Phasmatodea, Cladomorphinae, Cladomorphini). Spixiana, 30 (1), 1–11. Hennemann, F.H. & Conle, O.V. (2010) Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea X: redescriptions of Aplopocranidium Zompro, 2004 and Jeremia Redtenbacher, 1908, with a survey of the tribe Cladomorphini Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893 and keys to the genera (Insecta: Phasmatodea: “Anareolatae”: Cladomorphinae). Journal of Orthoptera Research, 19 (1), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1665/034.019.0116 Hennemann, F.H., Conle, O.V., Bellanger, Y., Lelong, P. & Jourdan, T. (2018) Studies on neotropical Phasmatodea XVII: Revi- sion of Phantasca Redtenbacher, 1906, with the descriptions of six new species (Phasmatodea: Diapheromeridae: Diapher- omerinae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 435, 1–62. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.435 Hennemann, F.H., Conle, O.V. & Perez-Gelabert, D. (2016) Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XVI: Revision of Haplopodini Günther, 1953 (rev. stat.), with notes on the subfamily Cladomorphinae Bradley & Galil, 1977 and the descriptions of a new tribe, four new genera and nine new species (Phasmatodea: “Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Cladomorphinae). Zootaxa, 4128 (1), 1–211. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4128.1.1 ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp. Jourdan, T., Lelong, P. & Bellanger, Y. (2014) Contribution à l’inventaire des Phasmatodea de Saül, Guyane. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 119 (4), 487–498. Karny, H.H. (1923) Zur Nomenklatur der Phasmoiden. Treubia, 3, 230–242. Kirby, W.F. (1896) On some new or rare Phasmidae in the collection of the British Museum. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 6 (6), 447–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1896.tb00546.x Kirby, W.F. (1904) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. Vol. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria, Et Gressoria (Forficu- lidæ, Hemimeridæ, Blattidæ, Mantidæ, Phasmidæ). British Museum, London, 540 pp. Koçak, A.Ö. & Kemal, M.K. (2010) Nomenclatural note on the genus group name in Phasmida . Centre for Entomological Stud- ies Ankara miscellaneous papers, 151, 1–8. Langlois, F. & Bellanger, Y. (2012) Inventaire des Phasmatodea de Tobago. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 117 (1), 91–110. Langlois, F. & Lelong, P. (1998) Deux Phasmes de Guadeloupe: Melophasma antillarum (Caudell, 1914) n. comb. et Hespero- phasma pavisae n. sp. (Phasmatodea). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 103 (5), 451–455. Latreille, P.A. (1807) Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exem- plisque plurimis explicata. Parisiis, Argentorati, Amand Koenig, bibliopolam, 392 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11558 Latreille, P.A. (1825) Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle. Entomologie, ou Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, des Arachnides et des Insectes. 10 (1). Agasse, Paris, 570 pp.

134 · Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press Conle et al. Le Peletier de Saint Fargeau, A.L.M. & Serville, J.G.A. (1828) Encyclopédie Méthodique, ou par ordre de matières par un so- ciété de gens de lettres, de savans et d´artistes. Histoire Naturelle, 10, 345–833. Lelong, P. (1993) Spécial Guyane Française, Editor P.E. Roubaud. Le Monde des Phasmes, Special Guyane, 1–48. Lelong, P., Auvray, F., Auvray, S., Brevière, D., Febvre, F., Geffroy, Y., Roubaud, P.-E. & Solard J. (1993) Catalogue des Phasmes de Guyane française. Le Monde des Phasmes, hors-série n° 1 spécial Guyane Française. Groupe d’Étude des Phasmes, 1–48. Lelong, P., Langlois, F., Rastel, D. & Dorel, E. (2003) Phasmatodea of Dominica. ASPER publishing, Sainte Foyd’Aigrefeuille, 103 pp. Lichtenstein, A.A.H. (1796) Catalogus Musei zoologici ditissimi Hamburgi, d III Februar 1796. Auctionis lege distrahendi, 3, 1–222. Lichtenstein, A.A.H. (1802) A dissertation on two natural genera hitherto confounded under the name of Mantis. Transactionsof the Linnean Society London, 6, 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1802.tb00466.x Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 10th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542 Linnaeus, C. (1763) Centuria Insectorum Rariorum. S.n., Holmiae, 824 pp. Moxey, C.F. (1972, in litt.) The stick-insects (Phasmatodea) of the West Indies—their systematics and biology. Unpublished PhD-Thesis, Department of Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 211 pp. Murray, A. (1866) On the habits of the Prisopi. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 106, 265–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936608679642 Olivier, A.G. (1792) Mante. In: Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle. Insectes. Vol. 7. Panckoucke, Paris, pp. 619– 643. Otte, D. (1978) The primary types of Orthoptera (Saltatoria, Mantodea, Phasmatodea and Blattodea) at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 130, 26–87. Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) Phasmid Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the World. The Insect Diversity As- sociation and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 414 pp. [CafePress.com] Pallas, P.S. (1772) Spicilegia Zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur cura P.S. Pallas. Fasciculus 9. Prostant apud Gottl. August. Lange, Berolini, 86 pp. Piza, S.T. (1937) Os Phasmidas do Museu Paulista. II. Phasmidae, Phasminae. Revista de Entomologia, 7 (1), 1–8. Piza, S.T. (1944) Cinco novas espécies de Phásmidas do Brazil. Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Separata 3, 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0071-12761944000100004 Piza, S.T (1946) Un novo Phásmida Pachymorphinae do Brasil, emendas a chave para separação dos machos do gênero Acan- thoderus e redistribução por subfamílias das espécies descritas pelo autor. Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Separata 34, 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0071-12761946000100009 Piza, S.T. (1985) Um novo Stratocles do Brasil (Phasmatodea-Phyllidae). Revista de Agricultura, Piracicaba, 60 (2), 101– 102. Ragge, D.R. (1955) The wing venation of the order Phasmida. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 106, 375–392. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1955.tb01272.x Redtenbacher, J. (1906) Phasmidae Areolatae. Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden, 1, 1–180. Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necro- sciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341–589. Rehn, J.A.G. (1904) Studies in the orthopterous family Phasmidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadel- phia, 56, 38–107. Rehn, J.A.G. (1905) Notes on the Orthoptera of Costa Rica, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 57, 790. Rehn, J.A.G. (1918) On Dermaptera and Orthoptera from South Eastern Brazil. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 44, 191–192. Rehn, J.A.G. (1947) Notes on the Phasmid genus Isagoras (Orthoptera: Phasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae), with the description of six new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 99, 1–19. Robinson, M.H. (1969) The defensive behaviour of some orthopteroid insects from Panama. Transactions of the Royal Entomo- logical Society London, 121 (7), 281–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1969.tb00521.x Saussure, H. de (1859) Orthoptera Nova Americana. (Diagnosis Praeliminares I). Revue et Magazine de Zoologie, Series 2, 11, 59–63. Saussure, H. de (1868) Phasmidarum novarum species nonnullae. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, (2) 20, 63–70. Saussure, H. de (1871–1872) Famille des phasmides. Études sur les myriapodes et les insectes. In: Edwards, M. (Ed.), Recher- ches Zoologiques pour servir a l’histoire de la faune de l’Amerique Centrale et du Mexique, 6 (2), pp. 133–201.

New Phasmatodea from French Guiana Zootaxa 4814 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press · 135 Scudder, S.H. (1875) Notes on Orthoptera from Northern Peru, collected by Professor James Orton. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 17, 257–282. Scudder, S.H. (1895) s.n. Ent. Notes, 4, 32. [ref. from Redtenbacher 1906] Scudder, S.H. (1896) List of exotic Orthoptera described by S. H. Scudder, 1868–1879, with a revision of their nomenclature. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 27, 201–218. Sellick, J.T.C. (1997) Descriptive terminology of the phasmid egg capsule, with an extended key to the phasmid genera based on egg structure. Systematic Entomology, 22, 97–122. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1997.d01-30.x Serville, J.G.A. (1831) Revue Méthodique des Insectes de l’ordre des Ortoptères. Annales des Sciences naturelles, Paris, Zool- ogy, 22, 28–29 + 56–65. Serville, J.G. (1838) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Orthoptères. Vol. 18. Librarie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 776 pp. Shelford, R. (1909) Family Phasmidae. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the Fauna and- Flora of Mexico and Central America. Insecta, Orthoptera, II, pp. 343–377. Sjöstedt, Y. (1933) Orthopterentypen im Naturhistorischen Reichsmuseum zu Stockholm. 7. Phasmidae. Arkiv för Zoologi, 25A (16), 1–10. Stål, C. (1875) Recherches sur le Système des Phasmides. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 2 (17), 1–19. Stål, C. (1875b) Recensio Orthopterorum III. Revue critique des Orthoptères déscrits par Linné, de Geer et Thunberg. P. A.Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm, 105 pp. Stoll, C. (1788–1813) Représentation des Spectres ou Phasmes, des Mantes, des Sauturelles, des Grillons, des Criquets et desBlattes des quatre Parties du Monde. L’Europe, L’Asia, L’Afrique et L’Amerique; ressemblées et déscrites. Unkown publisher, Amsterdam, 56 pp., 18 pls. Unno, K. (1993) Camouflage and Mimicry of Insects. Heibonsha, Tokyo, 88 pp. Uvarov, P.P. (1940) Twenty-four new Generic names in Orthoptera. Annals and magazine of natural history, 11, 112–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/03745481.1940.9723661 Vanschuytbroeck, P. & Cools, J. (1981) Catalogue et liste du material typique des Phasmatodea conserve dans les collections Entomologiques de l´Institut Royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique. Orthopteroidea: Phasmatodea Jacobson & Bianchi, 1902 (=Cheleutoptera Crompton, 1915). Bulletin, Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, 53 (23), 1–26. Westwood, J.O. (1859) Catalogue of Orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp., 40 pls. Zompro, O. & Domenico, F.C. (2005) Catalogue of the type material of Phasmatodea (Insecta) deposited in Brazilian Museums. Iheringia, Série Zoologia, 95 (3), 255–259. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212005000300005 Zompro, O. (2000) Designation of type-species of 13 stick-insect genera described by J. Redtenbacher (Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums, 102B, 93–96. Zompro, O. (2001) A generic revision of the insect order Phasmatodea: The New World genera of the stick insect subfamily Diapheromeridae: Diapheromerinae = Heteronemiidae: Heteronemiinae sensu Bradley & Galil, 1977. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108 (1), 189–255. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.79626 Zompro, O. (2002) Catalogue of type material of the insect order Phasmatodea at the Zoologisches Museum der Universität Hamburg (Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburger Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 99, 179–201. Zompro, O. (2004) A key to the stick-insect genera of the “Areolatae” of the New World, with description of several new taxa. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 39 (2), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650520412331333783 Zompro, O. (2005) Catalogue of type-material of the insect order Phasmatodea, housed in the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany and in the Institut für Zoologie der Martin-Luther-Universität in Halle (Saale), Germany. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 52, 251–290. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.200410018