JOURNAL of LANGUAGE and LINGUISTICS (JOLL) No. 5 April, 2019 NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA FACULTY of ARTS DEPARTMENT of MODER
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Journal of Language and Linguistics. No. 5. April, 2019. www.jolledu.com.ng JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS (JOLL) No. 5 April, 2019 NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF MODERN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES i Journal of Language and Linguistics. No. 5. April, 2019. www.jolledu.com.ng Journal of Languages and Linguistics (JOLL) Faculty of Arts Department of Modern European Languages Nnamdi Azikiwe University P.M.B. 5025 Awka, Nigeria All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the editors, who are the copyright owners. ISSN: 2408-7696 E-ISSN : 2659-0689 ii Journal of Language and Linguistics. No. 5. April, 2019. www.jolledu.com.ng THE JOURNAL Journal of Language and Linguistics is a referred journal published by the Editorial Board, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Faculty of Arts, Department of Modern European Languages, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. All views on conclusions contained in the journal are those of the authors of the articles. The opinions expressed are not in any sense, whatsoever, those of the Editorial board of this Journal. JOLL prioritises dissemination of original research works of academics in Nigeria and international tertiary institutions. The Editorial Board hopes that the journal will serve as an effective medium for rapid communication among researches on language and linguistics, in Nigeria and beyond. We are immensely grateful to our editorial consultants and evaluators whose meticulous assessment; approval of manuscripts has actualized this publication. The Editor Journal of Language and Linguistics (JOLL) Nnamdi Azikiwe University Faculty of Arts Department of Modern European Languages P.M.B. 5025 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected] iii Journal of Language and Linguistics. No. 5. April, 2019. www.jolledu.com.ng THE EDITORIAL BOARD Emmanuel O. Ezeani (Editor-in-Chief) Editors F.O. Asadu (NAU) B. Mmadike (NAU) Olivia Ezeafulukwe (NAU) Joseph Abba (BENSU) Motuo C. (NAU) Nzuanke Samson (UNICAL) Dele Adegboku (UNIPORT) David Utah (IMSU) iv Journal of Language and Linguistics. No. 5. April, 2019. www.jolledu.com.ng Consulting Editors P. N. Anagbou (NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY) Tar Adeji (BENSU) F.I. Emordi (AAU) M.T. Vinet (Sherbrooke, Canada) Matiu Nnoruka (UNILORIN) A.U. Ohaegbu (UNN) G.O. Simire (UNILAG) v Journal of Language and Linguistics. No. 5. April, 2019. www.jolledu.com.ng NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS The Editorial Board invites scholarly contributors to language and linguistics. Scripts which explore the link between the discipline in the Arts and Humanities and those outside them are published. Manuscripts may be submitted in English or French with abstract of not more 250 words placed immediately before the main body of the manuscript. Interested contributors should send three copies of their manuscripts typed, double-spacing and accompanied by a bank draft of five thousand (N5,000) naira only, as evaluation fee to the Editor, Journal of Language and Linguistics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Department of Modern European Languages, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Manuscripts should not exceed 15 pages of A4, and should conform to APA or MLA 8th edition. Journal of Language and Linguistics shall not publish any manuscript known to have been accepted for publication elsewhere. Each contributor shall receive two (02) copies of the number in which his/her article is published. GUIDELINES FOR CONTRIBUTORS 1. In general, articles should not exceed 4,000 words (or about 15 pages of A4-sized paper). Authors should submit three copies of their paper typed, dark and clear on one side only with double spacing throughout, including references and tables. Margins of 1½ inches (1¼cm) should be left on all sides. 2. Pages should be numbered consecutively throughout. Page 1 should contain the title of the articles and a running head of not more than 40 characters, including space. Page 2 should contain a short abstract of 100 or 150 words. Contributors are advised to reduce the use of table to the barest minimum. vi Journal of Language and Linguistics. No. 5. April, 2019. www.jolledu.com.ng 3. In general, authors are advised to present manuscript in accordance with Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) or Modern Language Association (MLA). References should be identified within the text by the author’s surname and year of publication. 4. Any short quotations, (fewer than 40 words) should be incorporated into the body of the text with single quotation marks. Longer quotations should be indented and typed in single spacing without quotation marks. Quotation should be identified within the body of the text in a similar way to references. Titles of the books and journals should be italicized. 5. Tables, figures, graphs and examples many accompany the typescripts, but should not be submitted without the text. They should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals in order of appearance, while their appropriate places in the text are indicated. All illustrative materials should be accompanied by captions. 6. A brief biographical note should be provided on a separate sheet, including particulars of the author’s present position, qualifications, any information of special relevance and address for any further communication 7. JOLL is published twice in a year, April and November. 8. Please send an electronic copy of your article to: [email protected] or to any of our editors. vii Journal of Language and Linguistics. No. 5. April, 2019. www.jolledu.com.ng CONTENTS AMBIGUITY IN TIV DISCOURSE Akase Tiav Thomas 1 LA PULSION DU RADICALISME DANS PETIT PIMENT D’ALAIN MABANCKOU Patience Ajeibi Odeh 18 INVESTIGATING MATERIAL CLAUSES IN THE IGBO LANGUAGE Ejiofor, Eugene Uchechukwu 38 CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE IN A NIGERIAN CHILD OF 8 -10 YEARS. 1David Stephen & 2David Abraham 56 IMPACT OF INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE (L1) ON ACQUISITION OF SECOND LANGUAGE (L2) AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN JALINGO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF TARABA STATE 1Ali, Ahmad A. & 2Ajibola, Lukman A. 79 LA PSYCHO-SEMIOTIQUE CULTURELLE DANS LARMES DE CENDRES DE JUSTIN MINTSA Mercy Musa Bature 104 DEVELOPMENT OF REMNANT NIGERIAN LANGUAGES: THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AND COMMUNITIES 1Imoh Philip M., 2Samuel, Nuhu B., 3Dalhatu, Abigail M3 122 viii Journal of Language and Linguistics. No. 5. April, 2019. www.jolledu.com.ng LES VUES FUTURISTES DE LA TRADUCTION ET DE L’INTERPRÉTATION AU NIGÉRIA 1Oshin Abiodun Abosede, 2Keji Felix Faniran 145 STRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS OF TRANSLATING PHRASES IN ONCE UPON FOUR ROBBERS INTO FRENCH Gbadegesin, Olusegun Adegboye 160 EFFECTIVENESS AND LIMITATION OF COMPUTER- BASED THERAPY IN MANAGING LANGUAGE DISORDERSIN NIGERIA 1Louisa Michael, 2Olusanmi Babarinde 184 LA SOCIÉTÉ CAMEROUNAISE POSTCOLONIALE DANS L’ŒUVRE DE MONGO BETI 1Ijah Gideon Akase, 2Abuga Patience 216 THE STRUCTURE OF NOUN PHRASE IN ENGLISH 1Maxwell Mpotsiah, 2Okorie Martha 230 ix Journal of Language and Linguistics. No. 5. April, 2019. www.jolledu.com.ng AMBIGUITY IN TIV DISCOURSE Akase Tiav Thomas Department of Languages and Linguistics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi Abstract This study examines ambiguity in Tiv discourse and how it can be interpreted. Ambiguity connotes a situation where a word or sentence has more than one meaning or interpretation. Ambiguity affects communication in language where meaning is distorted between a speaker and a listener, leading to misinterpretation and misunderstanding. This study therefore examines ambiguity in general with emphasis on lexical and structural ambiguities. Other causes or factors that are responsible for ambiguity in Tiv such as homonymy and polysemy are also examined. The study reveals instances of such ambiguities in Tiv discourse. The choice of appropriate words and the role of context are used to disambiguate such ambiguities. This is done, in order to ensure effective communication in Tiv as well as to contribute to the development of the Tiv language. Keywords: Ambiguity, Lexical and Structural Ambiguity, Tiv. Introduction “Tiv” refers to an ethnic and linguistic group found largely in Benue state and other parts of Nasarawa and Taraba states. It also refers to the language spoken by this ethnic group. According to Ngutswen (2013) the word “Tiv” has a Bantu origin which means “a beloved child”. Akase (2017) claims that the word Tiv is derived from “Tive” meaning “their name”. This means that, it is a name for the Tiv race. It is also the name of the - 1 - Journal of Language and Linguistics. No. 5. April, 2019. www.jolledu.com.ng ancestral father of the Tiv nation who had two (2) sons, Ichôngo and Ipusu who are the main sources of Tiv descents. The Tiv in Benue numbers about 6.5million people based on the 2006 demographic census data projection in Nigeria. The figure is expected to be higher than this by now. The migration and history of the Tiv to the Benue valley has different accounts. Makar (1975) maintains that the origin of the Tiv could be traced to the Bantu stock of the southern Africa. They journeyed through the Congo to the south west region in Manfa division across the mountains of Cameroon to the Benue valley in about the 16th century. Bohannan (1954) argues that Tiv originated from Swem, a hilly area in the republic of Cameroon. Many modern scholars on Tiv histography like Dzurgba (1985), Tseror (1992) have supported the Bantu connection and origin of Tiv. Gbor (1981) concludes that linguistics and ethnological similarities have proved that Tiv are part of the Bantu ethnic stock. Tiv language is a southern Bantu language which has severally been classified as a member of the Benue-Congo family of Niger-Congo phylum (Abraham, 1940). The language is predominantly spoken in Benue state where the Tiv are also a dominant ethnic group. It is one of the minority languages in Nigeria with a rich linguistic history.