DOCSLIB.ORG

FULL MOON POSITIONS THROUGH the SEASONS, MAJOR and MINOR LUNAR STANDSTILLS, INTRO

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ANNOUNCEMENTS 1. BOOKS REQUIRED FOR OBSERVING PROJECTS, SKYGAZER PLANETARIUM CDs AND BOOKS FOR IDENTIFYING TOPICS FOR THE RESEARCH PAPER ARE ON RESERVE AT GEOLOGY LIBRARY IN BENSON (across the hall!). 2. EXTRA CREDIT HOMEWORK (if desired) DUE THURSDAY. 3. DARK SKY TRIP. ONE WEEK FROM TONIGHT 6:30—10:30pm TO MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION ON NIWOT RIDGE. ELEVATION ~ 10,000 FEET IT WILL BE COLD REGARDLESS OF DAYTIME WEATHER IN BOULDER. 4. ECLIPSE SEASON !!! LUNAR ECLIPSE VIEWERS PLEASE USE 8:11pm AS TIME OF “FULL IMMERSION” INTO EARTH’S UMBRA (darkest shadow); i.e., eclipse became total at that time. 5. HELP SESSION FOR ERATOSTHENES CHALLENGE OBSERVING PROJECT (measuring the circumference of the Earth): next Monday 2—4pm and Tuesday 3:30– 5 pm Folsom Field Gate 5 Additional ANNOUNCEMENTS 6. ATTEND FISKE LIVE PRESENTATIONS FOR EXTRA CREDIT. WRITE ~ 1 PAGE ON WHAT YOU LEARNED. FIRST ONE THIS FRIDAY 7:30pm FOR PARENTS’ WEEKEND: “THE ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM: AN ANCIENT GREEK COMPUTER?” (for PARENTS’ WEEKEND) 7. “Stick with the Goat at hand” … a reminder about the addictive qualities of cellphone use. 8. UP FOR DISCUSSION TODAY: FULL MOON POSITIONS THROUGH THE SEASONS, MAJOR and MINOR LUNAR STANDSTILLS, INTRO. TO ECLIPSE PREDICTION TIME A FEW INTERESTING LUNAR OBSERVING “ODDITIES” THE FULL MOON RISES and wow ! LOOK HOW BIG IT IS…much bigger than when it is up high in the sky! “BLUE MOON”??… A RAMMA DAMMA DING DONG… A “WOBBLY” MOON ?? FULL MOONRISE OVER THE TEMPLE OF POSEIDON NEAR ATHENS BIG AND REDDISH …BUT SAME SIZE AS HIGHER IN THE SKY. BLUE MOON ??? MOON’S THAT APPEARED BLUISH IN THE SKY ARE VERY RARE BUT ACTUALLY WERE OBSERVED IN ANTIQUITY. DUE TO A REDDISH SKY BACKGROUND FROM VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS (e.g. Krakatoa 1885) or INTENSE FOREST FIRES IN SCANDANAVIA…. The Scream by Edvard Münch depicts such a sky in which a Blue Moon could have been seen. BUT THEN … “BLUE MOON” CAME TO MEAN, SIMPLY A VERY RARE OCCURRENCE. In 1890s Maine Farmer’s Almanac redefined a BLUE MOON to mean when there were 4 FULL MOONS in the first 3 months of the year pushes Easter to be very late. In 1940s Sky & Telescope Magazine thought they were quoting the Maine Almanac correctly by saying that a Blue Moon is when there are more than one Full moon in any one calendar month. No one noticed the published correction and so this definition has become modern “urban legend”. Yet another reason to be skeptical of information provided by TV weathermen and women. WHY DOES THE MOON “WOBBLE” IN THE PREVIOUS SHORT VIDEO ? A. THE MOON IS UNSTABLE AND IT WILL EVENTUALLY BREAK APART. B. THE CAMERA THAT TOOK THE PICTURE WAS WOBBLING C. THE MOON’S ORBIT IS UNSTABLE AND EVENTUALLY THE MOON WILL FLY OFF INTO SPACE. D. SOMETIMES THE MOON IS CLOSER TO THE EARTH THAN OTHER TIMES. E. THE MOON IS CLOSER TO THE EARTH AT FULL MOON, WHICH YOU CAN SEE WHEN IT RISES. F. THE MOON’S ORBIT IS ELLIPTICAL. G. WHAT’S AN ELLIPTICAL ORBIT ? WHY DOES THE MOON “WOBBLE” IN THE PREVIOUS SHORT VIDEO ? A. THE MOON IS UNSTABLE AND IT WILL EVENTUALLY BREAK APART. B. THE CAMERA THAT TOOK THE PICTURE WAS WOBBLING C. THE MOON’S ORBIT IS UNSTABLE AND EVENTUALLY THE MOON WILL FLY OFF INTO SPACE. SOMETIMES THE MOON IS CLOSER TO THE EARTH THAN OTHER TIMES. E. THE MOON IS CLOSER TO THE EARTH AT FULL MOON, WHICH YOU CAN SEE WHEN IT RISES. THE MOON’S ORBIT IS ELLIPTICAL. F. WHAT’S AN ELLIPTICAL ORBIT ? ELLIPTICAL ORBIT CIRCULAR ORBIT COULD ANCIENTS HAVE KNOWN? ELLIPTICAL ORBIT XHALF HALF HALF HALF CIRCULAR ORBIT… YES !! HIPPARCHOS OF RHODES KNEW BY TIMING DURATION BETWEEN WAXING AND WANING HALF MOONS (circa 150 BCE) Synodic versus Sidereal Period of the Moon: 1. Synodic = “Sun-odic” …the full cycle of the Moon relative to the Sun Measured using the phases of the Moon. New month either at each New Moon or at the siting of the first visible crescent moon. 29.5 days long…the basis for almost all Lunar Calendars (Greek, Babylonian, Islamic, Jewish, Hopi, etc.) 2. Sidereal Period is the full cycle of the Moon relative to the stars. Measured using the position of the Moon in the stars… specifically the Zodiac Constellations 27.3 days long … the basis for the Inca lunar calendar new month every time the Moon passes the Pleiades SYNODIC MONTH is THE MONTH OF THE PHASES SIDEREAL MONTH IS THE TIME PERIOD AFTER WHICH THE MOON RETURNS TO THE SAME ZODIAC STARS… the 28 “lunar mansions” (NAKSHATRAs) of VEDIC ASTROLOGY e.g., Inca months set each time Moon passes the Pleiades. QUESTION: SURE, I KNOW ABOUT THE LUNAR PHASES and that THE POSITION OF THE MOON SHIFTS FROM WEST TO EAST AT SUNSET AS IT PROGRESSES AROUND ITS ORBIT. BUT WHAT ABOUT ITS LOCATION TO THE NORTH OR TO THE SOUTH ALONG THE HORIZON? DOES THE FULL MOON RISE: a). Always at about the same point on the eastern horizon regardless of the time of year? b). The moon’s path is nearly along the ecliptic so it rises about where the Sun rose that same morning (i.e. to the northeast in summer and to the southeast in winter)? c). It’s the Full Moon and so it rises in the opposite direction that the Sun set that same day (i.e., to the northeast in winter and to the southeast in summer)? d). It’s the Moon and so its rising point is erratic. THE SEASONAL CYCLE OF THE FULL MOON MOON ALWAYS STAYS WITHIN 5 DEGREES OF THE ECLIPTIC PLANE FULL MOON ALWAYS WITHIN 5 DEGREES OF DIRECTLY OPPOSITE THE SUN FULL MOON RISES WHEN SUN SETS WHEN SUNSETS FARTHEST NORTH OF WEST, THE FULL MOON RISES FARTHEST SOUTH OF EAST BECAUSE FULL MOON IS ALWAYS NEARLY EXACTLY OPPOSITE TO THE SUN (FULL MOON RISES WHEN SUN SETS) IT ALSO SWINGS NORTH AND SOUTH DURING THE YEAR…BUT OPPOSITE TO THE SUN’S SWING: e.g., THE MIDWINTER FULL MOON IS THE HIGHEST IN THE SKY, RISES AND SETS FURTHEST NORTH OF EAST AND WEST & IS UP THE LONGEST !! BEAUTIFUL. CELESTIAL LATITUDE OF SUN THROUGH THE YEAR… SOLSTICES AND EQUINOXES IN GREEN “Time of changes” SUMMER SUN Winter Sun Winter Sun CONTINUES RED MARKS SHOW APPROXIMATE LOCATIONS OF “CROSS-QUARTER” DAYS NOTE “TWO SUNS” PHENOMENON: SUN STAYS CLOSE TO SAME TWO LOCATIONS IN SKY OVER MUCH OF YEAR: SUMMER SUN AND WINTER SUN THE SEASONS OF THE FULL MOON: TILT OF MOON’S ORBIT RELATIVE TO SUN MAKES LOCATION OF MOON IN SKY SLIGHTLY MORE COMPLICATED…. EXTREME POSITIONS THAN FOR THE SUN …but Lunar Orbit not stable. Nodes move through the zodiac (and so backwards through the seasons with an 18 2/3 year period). But recall that full moon is opposite the Sun… so lowest Moon is in Summer (June/July);Highest Moon is in Winter (December/January). HARVEST MOON & HUNTERS’ Moon: Only Full Moons still named since these are most dramatic …the darkness beginning to overcome the light! EXTREMES OF THE LUNAR ORBIT Because the Moon’s orbit is titled with respect to the ecliptic plane, the Moon sometimes gets up to 5 degrees NORTH of the ecliptic or up to 5 degrees SOUTH of the ecliptic. But for the Full Moon these extremes happen only once every 9.5 years (a northern extreme in winter is followed 9½ years later by a southern extreme for the Full Moon nearest the summer solstice). These extremes are called: MAJOR LUNAR STANDSTILLS IN ANALOGY WITH SOLSTICES, EXTREME LOCATIONS OF THE SUN. NOTE WELL: THE ABOVE SKETCH IS QUITE SMALL IN COMPARISON TO THE SKETCHES AT LEFT. THE FULL EXTENT ABOVE IS ONLY A BIT OVER TWO THUMB LENGTHS IN THE SKY !!! AN ECLIPSE HAPPENS AT THE FULL MOON CLOSEST TO THE SOLSTICE IN THE YEAR DEPICTED AT CENTER ABOVE. OTHER YEARS “ECLIPSES SEASONS ARE AT OTHER TIMES Why would we care about these Standstill points? Nodes are where eclipses occur Nodes are invisible and cannot be directly observed or tracked. Standstills are 90 degrees away from the nodes. In the year of a Lunar Standstill eclipses happen close to the equinoxes. Eclipse prediction ! ECLIPSE SEASONS: TWICE PER YEAR WHEN SUN IS NEAR THE LOCATION OF ONE OF THE TWO NODES NODE’S PATH ECLIPSE SEASONS WOULD ALWAYS BE AT SAME TIME OF YEAR…except LUNAR ORBIT “TWISTS” IN SPACE MOVING NODES BACKWARDS (19 DAYS PER YEAR!!) NOTICE AT LEFT PROGRESSION OF SPRING ECLISPE SEASON: 1984 end of May 1985 beginning and mid May 1986 mid April 1987 late March 1988 mid March (year of a lunar standstill).
Recommended publications
  • Entrance Pupil Irradiance Estimating Model for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory Instrument

    Entrance Pupil Irradiance Estimating Model for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory Instrument

    remote sensing Article Entrance Pupil Irradiance Estimating Model for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory Instrument Wentao Duan 1, Shaopeng Huang 2,3,* and Chenwei Nie 4 1 School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; [email protected] 2 Institute of Deep Earth Science and Green Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China 3 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 4 Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 26 January 2019; Accepted: 6 March 2019; Published: 10 March 2019 Abstract: A Moon-based Earth radiation observatory (MERO) could provide a longer-term continuous measurement of radiation exiting the Earth system compared to current satellite-based observatories. In order to parameterize the detector for such a newly-proposed MERO, the evaluation of the instrument’s entrance pupil irradiance (EPI) is of great importance. The motivation of this work is to build an EPI estimating model for a simplified single-pixel MERO instrument. The rationale of this model is to sum the contributions of every location in the MERO-viewed region on the Earth’s top of atmosphere (TOA) to the MERO sensor’s EPI, taking into account the anisotropy in the longwave radiance at the Earth TOA. Such anisotropy could be characterized by the TOA anisotropic factors, which can be derived from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) angular distribution models (ADMs).
  • Lunar Motion Motion A

    Lunar Motion Motion A

    2 Lunar V. Lunar Motion Motion A. The Lunar Calendar Dr. Bill Pezzaglia B. Motion of Moon Updated 2012Oct30 C. Eclipses 3 1. Phases of Moon 4 A. The Lunar Calendar 1) Phases of the Moon 2) The Lunar Month 3) Calendars based on Moon b). Elongation Angle 5 b.2 Elongation Angle & Phase 6 Angle between moon and sun (measured eastward along ecliptic) Elongation Phase Configuration 0º New Conjunction 90º 1st Quarter Quadrature 180º Full Opposition 270º 3rd Quarter Quadrature 1 b.3 Elongation Angle & Phase 7 8 c). Aristarchus 275 BC Measures the elongation angle to be 87º when the moon is at first quarter. Using geometry he determines the sun is 19x further away than the moon. [Actually its 400x further !!] 9 Babylonians (3000 BC) note phases are 7 days apart 10 2. The Lunar Month They invent the 7 day “week” Start week on a) The “Week” “moon day” (Monday!) New Moon First Quarter b) Synodic Month (29.5 days) Time 0 Time 1 week c) Spring and Neap Tides Full Moon Third Quarter New Moon Time 2 weeks Time 3 weeks Time 4 weeks 11 b). Stone Circles 12 b). Synodic Month Stone circles often have 29 stones + 1 xtra one Full Moon to Full Moon off to side. Originally there were 30 “sarson The cycle of stone” in the outer ring of Stonehenge the Moon’s phases takes 29.53 days, or ~4 weeks Babylonians measure some months have 29 days (hollow), some have 30 (full). 2 13 c1). Tidal Forces 14 c). Tides This animation illustrates the origin of tidal forces.
  • Lunar Standstills and Chimney Rock

    Lunar Standstills and Chimney Rock

    Lunar Standstills and Chimney Rock Thomas Hockey To understand the motion of something, we require a reference. For a car, it’s the road. For the hands of a clock, it’s the numbered dial behind them. In the case of the Moon seen in the sky, nature provides a terrific reference: It’s the background of stars. The stars are so distant that their motions through space are imperceptible to the naked eye over human history. Thus we speak of the “fixed stars.” Imagine that the spherical Earth is surrounded by a shell of fixed stars. It isn’t really, of course. (The stars are at varying distances from the Earth, they aren’t physically attached to anything, etc.) Still, that’s what it looks like! During the course of the night, this shell appears to partly rotate around us, due to the Earth—the thing that’s really rotating—turning completely once each twenty-four-hour day. You can even infer the place in the sky about which the shell seems to be spinning. It’s a point, directly north, about one third of the way from the horizon at Chimney Rock to the point overhead. Look for the star of modest brightness (the “North Star”) that nearly marks its exact location. This North Celestial Pole [NCP] is just the extension of the Earth’s North Pole (one of two poles defining the axis about which the Earth rotates), infinitely into the sky. (The South Celestial Pole [SCP] is forever below the southern horizon at Chimney Rock.) We can do better than just imagining! A few hours spent stargazing under the real sky will convince you that this is true.
  • SOLSTICE PROJECT RESEARCH Lunar Markings on Fajada Butte, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico

    SOLSTICE PROJECT RESEARCH Lunar Markings on Fajada Butte, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico

    SOLSTICE PROJECT RESEARCH Papers available on this site may be downloaded, but must not be distributed for profit without citation. Lunar Markings on Fajada Butte, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico By A. Sofaer, Washington, D.C. R. M. Sinclair, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. L. E. Doggett, U. S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C. Appeared in Archaeoastronomy in the New World, ed. A.F. Aveni, pp. 169- 86. Cambridge University Press. Reprinted with permission from Cambridge University Press. Fajada Butte is known to contain a solar marking site, probably constructed by ancient Pueblo Indians, that records the equinoxes and solstices (Sofaer et al. 1979 a). Evidence is now presented that the site was also used to record the 18.6-year cycle of the lunar standstills. Fajada Butte (Figure 1) rises to a height of 135 m in Chaco Canyon, an arid valley of 13 km in northwest New Mexico, that was the center of a complex society of precolumbian culture. Near the top of the southern exposure of the butte, three stone slabs, each 2-3 m in height and about 1,000 kg in weight, lean against a cliff (Figures 2, 3). Behind the slabs two spiral petroglyphs are carved on the vertical cliff face. One spiral of 9 1/2 turns is elliptical in shape, measuring 34 by 41 cm (Figure 4). To the upper left of that spiral is a smaller spiral of 2 1/2 turns, measuring 9 by 13 cm (Figure 4). Fig. 1 Fajada Butte from the north. The solar/lunar marking site is on the southeast summit.
  • LOFAR on the Moon: Mission Configuration and Orbit Design

    LOFAR on the Moon: Mission Configuration and Orbit Design

    LOFAR on the Moon: Mission Configuration and Orbit Design Maximizing the Payload Mass Using Chemical or Electri- cal Propulsion Lucas Antignac May 12, 2015 Master of Science Thesis Aerospace Engineering - Space Exploration LOFAR on the Moon: Mission Configuration and Orbit Design Maximizing the Payload Mass Using Chemical or Electrical Propulsion Master of Science Thesis For the degree of Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering at the Delft University of Technology Lucas Antignac (4176189) Under the supervision of: Ir. R. Noomen Ir. H. Cruijssen Ir. L. Meijer May 12, 2015 Faculty of Aerospace Engineering · Delft University of Technology Abstract Unperturbed observation of deep space radio waves is impossible to achieve from Earth but could be managed if the instruments were positioned in a place shielded from Earth, such as the far side of the Moon or the Shackleton crater, situated at its South Pole. In order to keep the costs of such a mission as low as possible, the VEGA launcher needs to be used. This MSc Thesis studies the possible mission designs and trajectories to land a minimum of 150 kg of payload in such a place. For the eight mission scenarios considered, the spacecraft can either use a Chemical Propulsion System (CPS) or an Electric Propulsion System (EPS) for the transfer to Low Lunar Orbit (LLO), the spacecraft can either circularize around the Moon in a polar orbit or in an orbit situated in the lunar orbital plane, and the relay can either be sent to the Lagrangian point L2 (L2) or be landed on the Moon. After preselecting the four feasible mission scenarios, a Matlab program was coded to simulate the trajectories flown from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to LLO using either a CPS or an EPS, the trajectory from LLO to L2 using a CPS which is applicable to certain mission scenarios only, and the trajectory for the descent and landing also using a CPS.
  • What Is a Lunar Standstill III |

    What Is a Lunar Standstill III |

    Documenta Praehistorica XLIII (2016) What is a lunar standstill III 1| Lionel Sims University of East London, London, UK [email protected] ABSTRACT – Prehistoric monument alignments on lunar standstills are currently understood for hori- zon range, perturbation event, crossover event, eclipse prediction, solstice full Moon and the solari- sation of the dark Moon. The first five models are found to fail the criteria of archaeoastronomy field methods. The final model of lunar-solar conflation draws upon all the observed components of lunar standstills – solarised reverse phased sidereal Moons culminating in solstice dark Moons in a roughly nine-year alternating cycle between major and minor standstills. This lunar-solar conflation model is a syncretic overlay upon an antecedent Palaeolithic template for lunar scheduled rituals and amenable to transformation. IZVLE∞EK – Poravnava prazgodovinskih spomenikov na Lunine zastoje se trenutno sklepa za razpon horizonta, perturbacijo, prehod Lune, napovedovanje Luninih mrkov, polne lune na solsticij in sola- rizacije mlaja. Prvih pet modelov ne zadostuje kriterijem arheoastronomskih terenskih metod. Zad- nji model lunarno-solarne zamenjave temelji na vseh opazovanih komponentah Luninega zastoja – solarizirane obrnjene Lune, ki kulminirajo v mlaju v solsticiju v devetletnem izmeni≠nem ciklu med najve≠jim in najmanj∏im zastojem. Ta lunarno-solarni model je postavljen na temeljih predhodne paleolitske predloge za na≠rtovanje lunarnih ritualov in je dojemljiv za preobrazbe. KEY WORDS – lunar standstill; synodic; sidereal; lunar-solar; syncretic Introduction Thom’s publications between 1954 and 1975 galva- properties of prehistoric monument ‘astronomical’ nised a generation – with horror among many ar- alignments to trace their variable engagement by chaeologists and inspiration for others, some of different researchers.
  • Lebeuf the Nuraghic Well of Santa Cristina, Paulilatino, Oristano

    Lebeuf the Nuraghic Well of Santa Cristina, Paulilatino, Oristano

    THE NURAGHIC WELL OF SANTA CRISTINA, PAULILATINO, ORISTANO, SARDINIA. A VERIFICATION OF THE ASTRONOMICAL HYPOTHESIS: WORK IN PROCESS, PRELIMINARY RESULTS 10 BALTICA ARNOLD LEBEUF “O that the ladder to heaven were longer And the lofty mountain loftier! ARCHAEOLOGIA Then I would fetch and offer to my lord The waters of life Which Tsukuyomi treasures, And restore him to youth and life” Manyoshu (Shinkokai 1965, p.306). [Tsukuyomi is a Moon goddess]. Abstract The Nuraghic well of Santa Cristina, Sardinia has been regarded as a ritual monument built to receive moonlight on its water mirror at the time of the meridian passage of the moon when it reaches its highest point in the sky during and around the major northern lunistice. In this paper we investigate the precision that could have been achieved and conclude that the well could indeed have served as an instrument for measuring the lunar declination during half of the draconic cycle of 18.61 years. Key words: Moon, Lunar standstill, sacred well, Nuraghic culture, camera obscura, eclipses, Phoenicians. Introduction broken. Of nearly a hundred Nuraghic wells known in the island, almost all are built of rough stones: only The sacred well of Santa Cristina is situated in the neigh- three are of carved stones, and only Santa Cristina is bourhood of the small city of Paulilatino, in the Oris- preserved in its integrity. tano province of Sardinia. Its coordinates are: 40º3’41” V The general shape of the well is that of a long bottle. North, 8º43’58” East. This construction, built of per- Each horizontal layer is circular, with the upper open- V.
  • Thinking About Archeoastronomy

    Thinking About Archeoastronomy

    Thinking about Archeoastronomy Noah Brosch The Wise Observatory and the Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69972, Israel Abstract I discuss various aspects of archeoastronomy concentrating on physical artifacts (i.e., not including ethno-archeoastronomy) focusing on the period that ended about 2000 years ago. I present examples of artifacts interpreted as showing the interest of humankind in understanding celestial phenomena and using these to synchronize calendars and predict future celestial and terrestrial events. I stress the difficulty of identifying with a high degree of confidence that these artifacts do indeed pertain to astronomy and caution against the over-interpretation of the finds as definite evidence. With these in mind, I point to artifacts that seem to indicate a human fascination with megalithic stone circles and megalithic alignments starting from at least 11000 BCE, and to other items presented as evidence for Neolithic astronomical interests dating to even 20000 BCE or even before. I discuss the geographical and temporal spread of megalithic sites associated with astronomical interpretations searching for synchronicity or for a possible single point of origin. A survey of a variety of artifacts indicates that the astronomical development in antiquity did not happen simultaneously at different locations, but may be traced to megalithic stone circles and other megalithic structures with possible astronomical connections originating in the Middle East, specifically in the Fertile Crescent area. The effort of ancient societies to erect these astronomical megalithic sites and to maintain a corpus of astronomy experts does not appear excessive. Key words: archeoastronomy, megaliths, stone circles, alignments Introduction This paper deals with “archeoastronomy” in a restricted sense.
  • Chimney Rock National Monument Interpretation and Education Plan

    Chimney Rock National Monument Interpretation and Education Plan

    United States Department of Agriculture Chimney Rock National Monument Interpretation and Education Plan Forest Service San Juan National Forest January 2018 CHIMNEY ROCK NATIONAL MONUMENT Contents Background .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Purpose of This Plan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Interpretive and Education Goals and Desired Outcomes .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Goal One: Welcome and Orient. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..2 Goal Two: Engage and Connect . ..2 Interpretive and Education Goals and Desired Outcomes .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Goal One: Welcome and Orient. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..2 Goal Two: Engage and Connect . ..2 Goal Three: Develop and Reinforce a Sense of Place .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..3 Goal Four: Showcase a Partnership Model .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Interpretive Themes and Storylines.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 What Are They?. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..3 How Are Themes and Storylines Used?.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..4 Primary Theme . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..5 Theme 1: Why Did They Come? Why Did They Leave? Where Did They Go? .. ..5 Theme 2: The Building of a Community. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..7 Theme 3: The Chacoan Connection.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..8 Theme 4: Sky Wisdom . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 Theme 5: Learning about our Past, Preserving our Legacy . .11 Theme 6: A Livelihood in this Landscape . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 Additional Safety and Stewardship
  • Indigenous Riverscapes and Mounds: the Feminine Relationship of Earth, Sky and Water

    Indigenous Riverscapes and Mounds: the Feminine Relationship of Earth, Sky and Water

    2018 HAWAII UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES STEAM - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING, ARTS, MATHEMATICS & EDUCATION JUNE 6 - 8, 2018 PRINCE WAIKIKI, HONOLULU, HAWAII INDIGENOUS RIVERSCAPES AND MOUNDS: THE FEMININE RELATIONSHIP OF EARTH, SKY AND WATER ROCK, JIM MARSHALL W. ALWORTH PLANETARIUM UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA - DULUTH DULUTH, MINNESOTA GOULD, ROXANNE BIIDABINOKWE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT RUTH A. MEYER CENTER FOR INDIGENOUS ED./ENVIRONMENTAL ED. UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA - DULUTH DULUTH, MINNESOTA Mr. Jim Rock Program Director Marshall W. Alworth Planetarium University of Minnesota - Duluth Duluth, Minnesota Dr. Roxanne Biidabinokwe Gould Assistant Professor Education Department Ruth A. Meyer Center for Indigenous Education/Environmental Education University of Minnesota - Duluth Duluth, Minnesota Indigenous Riverscapes and Mounds: The Feminine Relationship of Earth, Sky and Water Synopsis: This session focuses on the burial and effigy mounds along the rivers of Turtle Island, as well as who and how they were created. Many mounds contain knowledge that mirrors earth with sky as expressions of art, humanities, science, math. and engineering. We will examine the strong feminine cosmology connected to these sites through a lens of Critical Indigenous Pedagogy of Place and what they offer to the study of astronomy, environmental and Indigenous education. Indigenous Mounds and Riverscapes: Feminine Earth-Sky Relationships Abstract The focus of this research is on the burial and effigy mounds along the riverscapes of Turtle Island and the technology, wisdom, labor, and love needed to develop and interpret them. Many of these mounds contain Indigenous feminine, place- based knowledge and numbers. These mounds mirror earth with sky as interdisciplinary expressions of art, humanities, science, math, engineering, and technology. We also examine the strong feminine cosmology connected to these sites and the impact of colonial settler practices through a lens of ecofeminism and critical Indigenous pedagogy of place (CIPP).
  • Michael Schwarz James Turrell—Roden Crater Project Content

    Michael Schwarz James Turrell—Roden Crater Project Content

    1 Michael Schwarz James Turrell—Roden Crater Project Content The Volcano The Time The Form The Anasazi The Sky The Project Leporello 2 Describing, analyzing, and interpreting works of fine art before they have even been completed is the exception in our métier. Architecture is more likely to provide examples of designs, plans, and models being dealt with as if they had already been built. This is first and foremost due to the contract situation. Under more rigorous competitive conditions, the methods of representation have become so refined that scale models definitely allow a reliable evaluation of the architectural structure and location within an urban or landscape context of constructions, as well as an estimation of their spatial effect and the distribution of light. Added to this comes knowledge about and the assessment of buildings that have already been realized. The Roden Crater Project by James Turrell has been and still is described, analyzed, and interpreted without there ever having been more to see than the dormant volcano Roden Crater. 1 There are reasons for the anticipation of a work by art critics as well as art historians: For one thing, when his considerations had been brought to an initial conclusion, the artist mounted an exhibition that surprised the art world with the wealth of material it included. On display were models, plans for the construction of individual corridors and chambers, aerial photographs, and aquatints, all of which illustrated certain perceptual phenomena in the planned spaces. At one and the same time, the exhibition communicated that everything had already been built or would, as planned, be completed before long.
  • MASTER's THESIS Behavior and Relative Velocity of Debris Near

    MASTER's THESIS Behavior and Relative Velocity of Debris Near

    2010:048 MASTER'S THESIS Behavior and Relative Velocity of Debris near Geostationary Orbit Lin Gao Luleå University of Technology Master Thesis, Continuation Courses Space Science and Technology Department of Space Science, Kiruna 2010:048 - ISSN: 1653-0187 - ISRN: LTU-PB-EX--10/048--SE CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING MSc THESIS Academic Year 2009-10 Lin Gao Behavior and Relative Velocity of Debris near Geostationary Orbit Supervisor: Dr. S.E.Hobbs May 2010 This thesis is submitted in partial (45%) fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science ©Cranfield University 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the copyright owner. i Abstract A general model is developed describing third-body gravity perturbation to debris’ orbit. Applying this model to debris released from geostationary orbit tells their motion in both short and long term. Without considering the Moon’s precession around the solar pole, the relative velocity between GEO debris can be calculated. This is an important coefficient for simulating the GEO debris environment and can serve as an input to break up models. ii iii Acknowledgements To my parents and dear friend M.Z. for her support. Sincerely thank you to Dr. S.E.Hobbs for his supervision. iv CONTENTS v Contents Contents v List of figures viii Abbreviations x 1 Introduction 1 1.1Background................................ 1 1.2AimoftheThesis............................. 1 1.3DocumentStructure........................... 2 2 Literature Review 3 2.1GeosynchronousRegion......................... 3 2.2SpaceDebrisModels........................... 4 2.3PerturbationSource........................... 5 2.3.1 NonhomogeneityandOblatenessoftheEarth......... 6 2.3.2 AtmosphereDrag......................... 6 2.3.3 GravitationalPerturbation...................