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Banana Improvement Research Challenges * ICpUj t Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 4ummumd-tul ruruuj auj 4 .,F. 1t. L'~~~~..; r eRyzP Public Disclosure Authorized rL Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION GROUP SERIES Banana Improvement ProjectReport No. 1 BananaImprovement ResearchChallenges and Opportunities Edited by GabrielleJ Persley Pamela George The World Bank Washington, D. C. Copyright © 1996 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing October 1996 This report has been prepared by the staff of the World Bank. The judgments expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors or of the governments they represent. Cover art by Tomoko Hirata. When the text was written, Gabrielle J. Persley was manager of the Banana Improvement Project (BIP) at the World Bank; she is now a member of the BIP ScientificAdvisory Panel. Pamela George is the coordi- nator of the project at the Bank. Libraryof Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData Banana improvement: research challenges and opportunities / Gabrielle J. Persley, Pamela George, editors. p. cm. - (Environmentally sustainable development agricultural research and extension group series. Banana Improvement Project report ; no. 1) Papers from a meeting held at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Feb. 1996. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN0-8213-3740-8 1. Bananas-Breeding-Congresses. 2. Bananas-Biotechnology- Congresses. 3. Bananas-Disease and pest resistance-Genetic aspects-Congresses. 4. Bananas-Research-Congresses. 5. Crop improvement-Research-Congresses. I. Persley, Gabrielle J. II. George, Pamela, 1948- . III. Series. SB379.B2B345 1996 634'.77223-dc2O 96-31057 CIP Contents Foreword v Contributors vii Acronyms and Abbreviations ix Chapter 1. Banana Research Needs and Opportunities Ivan W. Buddenhagen 1 Key Findings I Current Status of Banana Research 2 Perspectives on the Commercial Industry and Synopsis of Breeding/Biotechnology Needs and Opportunities 14 Major Researchable Topics 16 Chapter 2. Overview of the Banana Improvement Project GabrielleJ. Persley 21 Objectives 21 Commissioned Research 22 Chapter 3. Portfolio of Projects 25 Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Diploid Bananas for Their Use in Breeding ChristopheJenny 27 Field Cross Experiments to Clarify the Mechanism Governing the Inheritance of Black-Leaf- Streak-Resistant Characters in Banana FredericBakry 27 Developing Improved Banana Varieties with Pest and Disease Resistance, Postharvest Superiority, and Maximum Export Potential N. KrishnanNair 28 Collection, Evaluation, and Characterization of Genetic Resources and Improved Banana Crop Plants in Viet Nam Do Nang Vinh 29 Banana Breeding in Brazil Sebastiaode Oliveirae Silva 30 Genetic Transformation and Non-Conventional Breeding Technology for Improvement of a Molecular Toolbox for Banana C. Arntzen and G. May 30 iii iv Contents Novel Genes for Fungal Resistance and Postharvest Quality Charles Arntzen and Gregory May 31 The Development of Transgenic Bananas with Resistance to BBTV and BBMV James Dale 32 Genetic Transformation of Prototype Bananas for Black Sigatoka and Fusarium Resistance Rony Swennen and Laszlo Sagi 33 Genetic Engineering of Ethylene Biosynthesis in Bananas Shang-Fa Yang and Ning Li 33 Use of Biotechnology to Produce Transgenic Bananas That Are Resistant to BBTV Infection John S. Hu 34 Elimination of BSV from Improved Musa Germplasm and Related Studies on Transmission and Host Plant/Virus/Vector Interactions Jonathan H. Crouch 35 Variability and Relationships within Populations of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Cubense from Its Center of Origin Ken G. Pegg 36 Origin and Distribution of Fungicide-Resistant Strains of M. fijiensis in Banana Plantations in Costa Rica Ronald Romero-Calderon 37 Tolerance/Resistance of Bananas to Nematodes Roger Fogain 38 Identification of Nematode Resistance Sources in Banana and Plantain Dirk De Waele 38 Identification of Durable Pest and Disease Resistance Sources in Banana and Plantain Philip Rowe 39 Identification of Durable Nematode Resistance Sources in Banana and Plantain: Screening Methodologies Jorge Pinochet 39 Chapter 4. Summary and Recommendations GabrielleJ. Persley 41 Problem Identification: Where Are We Going? 41 Strategy: How Do We Get There? 42 Achievements: How Far Have We Got? 42 Future Directions: What Needs to Be Done? 43 Project Management: How Do We Do It? 44 Conclusion 45 References 47 Foreword The Banana Improvement Project (BIP) is co-spon- general lack of connection between banana produc- sored by the Common Fund for Commodities (CFC), tion and handling at the commercial level and any the FAO Inter-governmental Group on Bananas public sector research programs. (FAO/IGB), and the World Bank. The World Bank The volume also presents the proceedings of the acts as Project Executing Agency on behalf of the three First Annual Scientific Meeting. The portfolio of re- co-sponsors and is responsible for the management search projects commissioned by the BIP is described of the BIP, including contractual arrangements and in Chapter 3, with a brief summary of research pro- financial activities. This volume is the first of a series gress as reported at the first Scientific Meeting of the reporting on the BIP. BIP, held at the Katholeike Universiteit Leuven The Common Fund for Commodities has provided (KUL), Belgium, in February 1996. Summary of dis- approximately US$3.5 million over five years to spon- cussions and recommendations from the KUL meet- sor specific research activities through BIP. The pro- ing is included as Chapter 4. ject has two important objectives: first, to develop, The research reports are most encouraging, and through research, improved banana varieties suitable over the five-year life of the project, we look forward for the international market; and, second, to improve to new and innovative results from the seventeen pest and disease control practices to reduce pesticide commissioned projects being undertaken worldwide. use and its harmful environmental impact. The This report is the result of inputs by many people. main research themes are: breeding and genetic The scientists who attended the 1996 Leuven meeting resources, biotechnology, disease control, and nema- are thanked for their reports on individual projects, tode control. which appear in abbreviated form here. One of the first initiatives sponsored by the project Reginald MacIntyre assisted with the editing, and was a review of banana and plantain improvement his valuable assistance is acknowledged. undertaken by Professor Ivan W. Buddenhagen in We hope this publication will prove useful to ba- 1994/95. This edited report is included as Chapter 1. nana researchers and to the many commercial pro- The review was based on a series of visits to banana ducers worldwide. research programs worldwide. It focused not only on research activities under way and planned, but also on innovation that might be fostered. The relevance of the programs to real world problems and opportu- nities was also assessed. These latter two points were Michel Petit considered important because of the 70-year record of Director lack of success in breeding a disease-resistant dessert Agricultural Research & Extension Group banana for the commercial trades and because of the (ESDAR) v Contributors Arntzen, Charles. President, Boyce Thompson Insti- May, Gregory. Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant tute for Plant Research Inc., Tower Road, Ithaca, Research Inc., Tower Road, Ithaca, New York, NY New York, NY 14853-1801, USA 14853-1801, USA Bakry, Frederic. CIRAD/FLHOR, Station de Neuf- Nair, N. Krishnan. Associate Director of Research, chateau, Saint Marie, 97130 Capesterre Belle Eau, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi, Guadeloupe Kerala, India 679306 Buddenhagen, Ivan W. Professor Emeritus, Univer- de Oliveira e Silva, Sebastiao. EMBRAPA/CNPMF, sity of California, Davis, California, USA Rua Embrapa Cx Postal, 44.380-000 Cruz das Almas, Crouch, Jonathan H. Plantain and Banana Improve- Bahia, Brazil ment Program, International Institute of Tropical Pegg, Ken G. Plant Protection Unit, Department of Agriculture, High Rainfall Station, PMB 008, Nchia- Primary Industries, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly Eleme, Telga, Onne, Rivers State, Nigeria 4068 Qld., Australia Dale, James. Director, Centre for Molecular Biotech- Persley, Gabrielle J. AUSTRADE, Level 13,145 Eagle nology, School of Life Sciences, Queensland Univer- Street, Brisbane 4000 Qld, Australia sity of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Qld. Pinochet, Jorge. Deparamento de Pataologia Vegetal 4000, Australa (IRTA), 08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain Do Nang, Vinh. Vice-Director, Institute of Agricul- Romero-Calderon, Ronald. Research Director, tural Genetics, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Viet Nam CORBANA, P.O. Box 6504-1000, San Jose, Costa Fogain, Roger. Head of Nematology Laboratory, Cen- Rica tre Regional Bananiers et Plantains (CRBP), Douala, Rowe, Philip. Fundacion Hondurena de Investigacion Cameroon Agricola (FHIA), Apartado Postal 2067, San Pedro Hu, John. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Sula, Honduras Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, H 96822, USA Sagi, Laszlo. Laboratory of Tropical Crop Husbandry, Jenny, Christophe. CIRAD/FLHOR, Station de Neuf- Katholeike Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mer- chateau, Saint Marie, 97130 Capesterre Belle
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