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Nota Científica (Short Communication) REGISTRO DE PLATYNOTA

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Nota Científica (Short Communication) REGISTRO DE PLATYNOTA ISSN 0065-1737 Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.) 25(3): 651-654 (2009) Nota Científica (Short communication) REGISTRO DE PLATYNOTA ROSTRANA (WALKER, 1863) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) EN CÍTRICOS DE MÉXICO Varela-Fuentes, S., J. W. Brown & G. Silva-Aguirre. 2009. Record of Platynota rostrana (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in citrus from Mexico. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.), 25(3): 651-654. ABSTRACT. Platynota rostrana is recorded for the first time as citrus pests in Mexico, on Citrus sinensis and Citrus limon. Las especies de la familia Tortricidae, son microlepidópteros de gran importancia económica conocidos como enrolladores de hoja e incluyen plagas presentes en una amplia variedad de cultivos agrícolas, hortícolas y forestales. Aún cuando tiene distribución cosmopolita, la familia está mejor representada en regiones templadas, tropicales y subtropicales (Meijerman y Ulenberg, 2000). En México, ha sido poco estudiada y se estima que pueden existir más de 1500 especies, en su mayoría no descritas (Morón y Terrón, 1988). Baker (s/a), menciona que Platynota sp. ha sido descrita como organismo polífago. De igual manera, Maes (2004) enlista 13 familias botánicas afectadas por Platynota rostrana en Nicaragua, donde enfatiza por su importancia económica a las rutáceas (Citrus), poáceas (Oryza), vitáceas (Vitis), lauráceas (Persea), fabáceas (Phaseolus), malváceas (Gossypium), maláceas (Malus), solanáceas (Capsicum) entre otras. En la República Dominicana, Abud (1981) encontró larvas que perforaban los frutos de limón agrio (Citrus aurantifolia var. mexicana) y posteriormente encontró larvas que ocasionaban daño en hojas y frutos de naranja (Citrus sinensis), obtuvo adultos de Platynota rostrana. En años recientes, ha sido detectada en cítricos en el periodo inmediato a la floración, en algunas regiones de São Paulo en Brasil, larvas dañando frutos inmaduros y hojas (Nava et al., 2006). Kerns et al. (s/a), señalan que los enrolladores de hoja son plagas frecuentes en viveros de cítricos en Arizona, EU, cuando las poblaciones ocurren en árboles maduros causan estrés y caída del fruto, mientras que el daño en árboles jóvenes puede retardar el desarrollo. La familia incluye palomillas pequeñas de color café opaco o amarillo, la característica más sobresaliente es el hábito larvario de formar un refugio y alimentarse dentro de él. Los enrolladores de las hojas producen seda que utilizan para unir las hojas entre sí o unir las hojas con la fruta en donde se resguardan y alimentan (Nava et al. 2006) (Fig. 1). La larva posee fuertes mandíbulas que le permiten morder los tejidos vegetales, se alimenta de la superficie de la fruta, y puede cubrir un área grande, ocasionar un sólo orificio pequeño superficial o cavar galerías en los frutos para su alimentación (Simone 2004). Recibido: 02/07/2008; aceptado: 27/08/2009. 651 Varela-Fuentes et al.: Platynota rostrana en cítricos de México Figura 1. Hábito larvario en cítricos de Platynota rostrana (Walker). El género Platynota presenta cinco estadios larvales (Baker s/a). La palomilla adulta mide de 2 a 2.5 cm. de extensión alar, los palpos son tan largos como la cabeza y tórax juntos (Fig. 2). (Baker, s/a y Kerns et al. s/a). Durante el día se resguarda entre el follaje, comienza su vuelo al ocultarse el sol y continúa hasta el amanecer. Los huevecillos son blanco pálido a verde claro y son depositados en la superficie exterior del follaje (UC IPM Online). La presente investigación se realizó de abril a octubre de 2006, en los municipios de Hidalgo y Güémez, Tamaulipas. Se visitaron huertos de naranja Valencia (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) y limón italiano (Citrus limon) en cada una de las localidades. Las muestras de follaje con oviposiciones y larvas se colocaron en recipientes plásticos cubiertos con tela de organza y se situaron en una cámara bioclimática Biotronette Mark III (Labline Instruments Inc.) a temperatura 30-32 °C y 12:12 h (luz-oscuridad) hasta la emergencia de los adultos. Posteriormente se procedió a la colecta, montaje y etiquetado de los ejemplares. Las larvas se pasaron a frascos con alcohol 70%. La determinación taxonómica a nivel de género y especie, se llevó a cabo por el segundo autor (Brown), los ejemplares se encuentran depositados en el museo de insectos de la Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria - Agronomía y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. 652 Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.) 25(3) (2009) Figura 2. Adulto de Platynota rostrana (Walker). Considerando el fenotipo y la genitalia de los especímenes colectados en Tamaulipas, la especie dominante corresponde a Platynota rostrana Walker (1863), especie altamente polífaga y registrada en más de 50 diferentes hospederos, incluyendo cítricos. Considerando la presencia durante los últimos años de P. rostrana en la zona citrícola de Tamaulipas, se requiere conocer el status sanitario de esta nueva plaga, estableciendo su impacto económico y considerando el incremento en costos de producción, así como la reducción en la producción, la dispersión en las áreas de producción, el rango de hospederos alterantes y las prácticas de manejo, evaluar la efectividad biológica de diferentes productos químicos y estudiar sus enemigos naturales. LITERATURA CITADA Abud, A. J. 1981. Plaga en Cítricos. Naturalista Postal. No. 38/81. Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo. http://marcano.freeservers.com/np/np81d.html#np38-81. Baker, J. R. s/a. Insect and related pest of flowers and foliage plants. Some important, common, and potential pest in the Southeastern United Stated. North Carolina State University. http://ipm.ncsu.edu/AG136/cater13.html Kerns, D., G. Wright & J. Loghry s/a. Omnivorous Leafroller (Platynota stultana). Citrus Arthropods Pest Management in Arizona. The University of Arizona, College of Agriculture, Tucson Arizona. 85721 Cooperative Extensions. IPM Series. 653 Varela-Fuentes et al.: Platynota rostrana en cítricos de México Maes, J. M. 2004. Insectos asociados a algunos cultivos tropicales en el atlántico de Nicaragua. Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología 64, Suplemento 1(24): 1-107. Meijerman, L. & S. A. Ulenberg. 2000. Arthropods of economic importance: Family Tortricidae Leafrollers. Eurasian Tortricidae. Zoological Museum University of Amsterdam. (http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/bis/tortricidae.php?menuentry=inleiding). Morón, M. A. & R. A. Terrón. 1988. Entomología Práctica. Instituto de Ecología AC. Sociedad Mexi- cana de Entomología A. C. México, D.F. pag. 393. Nava, D. E., P. Fortes, D. G. de Oliveira, F. T. Vieira, T. M. Ibelli, J. V. C. Guedes & J. R. P. Parra. 2006. Platynota rostrana (Walker) (Tortricidae) and Phidotricha erigens Raganot (Pyralidae): arti- ficial diet effects on biological cycle. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 66(4): 1037-1043. Simone, N. 2004. Manual de monitoreo de plagas, enemigos naturales y enfermedades del manzano, peral y cerezo. Una guía ilustrada para el estado de Washington. Center for Agricultural Partners- hips. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and United States. Department of Agriculture. -UC IPM Online. http://www.ipm.uc davis.edu/PMG/r107302511.html?printpage S. VARELA-FUENTES1, J. W. BROWN2 & G. SILVA-AGUIRRE1. 1División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, U.A.M. Agronomía y Ciencias. Universidad Autó- noma de Tamaulipas. C.P. 87149 Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, MÉXICO. [email protected]. 2Systematic Entomology Laboratory. Bldg.005, RM.137. BARC.West, USDA-ARS.10300, Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD20705, USA. 654.
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