Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Myanmar: Floods
Emergency Appeal n° MDRMM006 Glide n° FL-2015-000080-MMR & FL-2015-000089-MMR Date of issue: 11 August 2015 Date of disaster: 30 July 2015 Point of contact in IFRC Myanmar Office: Point of contact in Myanmar Red Cross Society: Udaya Regmi U Khin Maung Hla Head of Delegation Secretary General [email protected] Email: [email protected] Operation manager (IFRC): Myanmar Red Cross Society operational contact: Richard Casagrande, U Maung Maung Khin DM Advisor, IFRC Myanmar Director of Disaster Management Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Expected timeframe: 12 Months Expected end date: 31 August 2016 Operation budget: CHF 3,891,747 DREF allocated: CHF 298,478 Number of people affected: Approximately 1 million Number of people to be assisted: 58,000 people (11,600 people (of whom 440,000 are in the three targeted households) states of Chin, Magway and Sagaing) Host National Society presence (n° of volunteers, staff, branches): Myanmar Red Cross Society (MRCS) has 30,000 active volunteers and 321 staff in its headquarters and 334 branches.
Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation (if available and relevant): The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and a number of Partner National Societies are supporting MRCS in its response. The Partner National Societies supporting the response in-country are American Red Cross, Australian Red Cross, Danish Red Cross, Norwegian Red Cross, Singapore Red Cross, Thai Red Cross and Qatar Red Crescent.
Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation:
Government ministries and agencies: Including the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement Department (RRD), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Health, Emergency Operations Center Technical clusters: Shelter/NFI/CCCM, WASH & Health UN agencies: Including UN OCHA, WFP, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNFPA International organizations & NGOs: Including IOM, AHA Centre, Danish Refugee Council, Norwegian Refugee Council and Save the Children.
A. Situation analysis
Description of the disaster
Since mid-July, widespread loss of life, injury, displacement of people from their homes, damage to houses, agriculture and livelihoods have occurred in several parts of Myanmar due to floods and landslides. As access to communities improves, communications networks are restored enabling information on damage and needs to come in.
According to data sourced by the Myanmar Red Cross Society from its branches in affected regions, combined with information from government sources and UNOCHA, as of 9 August, at least 90 people had died and some 1 million people across 12 of 14 regions in Myanmar affected by the floods. Significant damage to livelihoods especially agriculture and livestock is reported throughout the flood affected areas. Some areas have been cut off as there has been widespread damage to transportation structure such as roads and bridges, communications with many areas have been disrupted and thousands of acres of farmland have been inundated. It should be noted that roads are continuously being cleared by the Government and more areas are becoming accessible. P a g e | 2
On 30 July, the landfall of Cyclone Komen in Bangladesh, which has been sitting off the coast of Western Myanmar for several days, worsened the situation worsened, especially in the north western parts of Myanmar, bringing high winds and further heavy rain.
The flooding is spread over a large area mainly in the northwest, western and south-western regions. Chin, Rakhine, Sagaing and Magway are among the worst affected states and regions. It is reported that the floodwaters are swelling the countries major river systems, and are now threatening regions further south including Ayeyarwarddy, Bago East, Bago West and Yangon.
It was reported on 7 August that water levels in Ayeyarwarddy River are rising rapidly and in some locations flowing above its warning level. Local authorities and residents are reported to be stacking sandbags in some townships to support river embankments. More than 10,000 people have been evacuated in Ayeyarwarddy as the flood waters continue to flow southwards. There is a growing threat of livelihoods in Ayeyarwarddy region being destroyed by the incoming flood waters as the areas in the region could remain flooded for a relatively longer duration. Possibility of further floods in the Ayeyarwarddy region in the coming weeks cannot be denied.
On 31 July, the President of Myanmar issued a statement declaring natural disaster zones in Chin and Rakhine states as well as Sagaing and Magway regions. The government of Myanmar has called for international assistance and activated the National Emergency Operation Center (EOC).
It is reported that the key roads in Rakhine are not fully accessible due to significant damage by landslides and breakage of bridges. Roads in Magway region are reported to be accessible. Roads from Yangon to Ayeyarwarddy region remain accessible in spite of rising waters in the Delta. There are ongoing efforts by the Government to repair damaged roads to areas in Sagaing region. Some key roads in Chin state are accessible for small vehicles whereas several other roads are still inaccessible.
The needs of the affected population and areas include food, water and sanitation, access to health care, temporary shelter. Restoring livelihoods will be another priority need especially as the scale of damage to livelihoods is reported to be high. Information about flood water damage to farm lands is not available; however from reports from UNOCHA such damage is likely to disrupt planting season and regular harvests.
The Government of Myanmar has called for international assistance. Such assistance has started pouring in and the government has confirmed receiving assistance from China, India and Thailand. Several other countries including New Zealand, Japan, Australia, Norway, United States have also committed assistance to the Government.
Summary of the current response
In response to the floods, the authorities, local civil society organizations, international non-governmental organizations, UN agencies and the Myanmar Red Cross Society (MRCS), supported by its International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement partners, are responding to the situation - carrying out evacuations and rescue operations, as well as providing relief and other assistance to those affected. IFRC has activated a disaster relief emergency fund (DREF) for CHF 298,478 to support 35,000 persons with immediately needed relief items. An emergency appeal is now being launched to support further relief and recovery operations. ICRC has taken the lead in supporting MRCS with the relief operations in Rakhine State. A Movement Statement has been issued explaining how Movement partners have come together in a joined up approach to support MRCS in responding. The IFRC Appeal will focus on the three ‘disaster zone’ areas of Sagaing, Magway, and Chin States; while ICRC will continue to respond in Rakhine State, together with MRCS.
Overview of Myanmar Red Cross Society (MRCS) As an auxiliary to the government – formed on a legal base that date backs to 1959 - in disaster management and community health, MRCS provides significant support in responding to disasters, from small to large sized ones. It has constantly been the first responder to disasters such as cyclones, flooding, strong winds and provided urgent help to affected population of such disasters. Following Cyclone Nargis in 2008, MRCS supported 100,000 households in 13 townships with relief and recovery efforts.
With its network of 330 branches, and over 400 staff and 30,000 active volunteers, MRCS is the largest national humanitarian organization in Myanmar. MRCS is able to provide its services and assistance in many remote and hard- to-reach parts of the country due to its extended physical presence and active network of volunteers. With the support of the IFRC, ICRC and PNS, MRCS has recently updated its standard operating procedures (SOPs) on disaster response to make them relevant to the fast-changing context of the country and the National Society. It has activated its contingency plan to deal with medium scale disasters. MRCS has also established an Emergency Operation Center with support of the American Red Cross and the IFRC which has been activated for the current floods response. MRCS has pre-positioned disaster relief stocks in 28 warehouses spread throughout the country.
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Over 540 MRCS volunteers including members of 84 national disaster response teams (NDRT) and emergency response teams (ERT) are actively responding in the various affected states and regions. The volunteers are helping to evacuate people, providing critical life-saving assistance including first-aid, distributing relief items and carrying out needs assessments in affected townships.
A disaster management coordinator from MRCS national headquarters has been deployed to Kalay township in Sagaing state, which is one of the most affected areas to support the local branch. Four assessment teams have been sent to most affected areas to gather information about short-term and longer-term needs.
MRCS is coordinating with various national ministries and participating in meetings organized by the government departments for the flood response. A liaison officer from MRCS is currently operating from the government National Emergency Operation Center (EOC) and supporting the information management and coordination efforts of the National EOC.
MRCS is a key partner in Myanmar Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction (MAPDRR) and works closely with the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement Department (RRD). MRCS is also an active participant in the National DRR Working Group and National Sub-Committee on Health.
In terms of Restoring Family Links (RFL) activities, MRCS, with support from ICRC, has activated its RFL emergency team that includes one RFL ambassador and three focal persons from Yangon and Mon State. This team is currently undertaking further assessments and delivering immediate response in the form of ‘Safe and Well phone calls’ and ‘ Safe and Well registration’ for separated family members. Three RFL emergency teams are on standby to deploy to Sagaing, Chin and Rakhine.
MRCS NHQ is responding to ‘Anxious for News’ enquiries from other parts of Myanmar that are not affected by the floods as well as from people living out of Myanmar. Singapore Red Cross have shared some tracing requests from people living in Singapore who wish to get a ‘safe and well’ message from their families in Myanmar, especially most affected areas. MRCS NHQ is currently following up on these requests.
MRCS has run radio spots on Mandalay FM and government radio channels. The information about RFL activities was also communicated by MRTV in a text scroll. Since July 31, the MRCS branch in Salin has helped re-unite 27 families in the township and made 1485 ‘Safe and Well’ registrations in the camps. Data from local authorities show that more than 2,000 people are displaced from Pwint Phyu to Salin township.
As of 7 August, MRCS had distributed 2,267 hygiene kits, 544 family kits, 124 kitchen sets, 888 tarpaulins, 733 dignity kits, 320 bags of rice and 25,000 purification tablets helping 3,000 households (around 15,000 persons). Relief distributions made with support of IFRC DREF are escalating as the immediate needs are assessed and reported by the teams. Furthermore, distributions are ongoing with donations being received from individuals, organizations and corporations.
Together with the ICRC, MRCS has distributed essential items such as blankets, rain coats, stretchers, sleeping mats and lamps to people who took refuge in evacuation centers in the township of Mrauk-U, one of the worst affected areas in Rakhine State.
MRCS has launched an appeal for donations for the current flood response. This appeal has been uploaded on its Facebook page. The MRCS appeal has generated interest from local individuals, corporations and volunteers and several individuals in Myanmar and international organizations and corporations have contributed to this appeal including The Myanmar Times, The Max Group, Coca Cola and Unilever.
Overview of Red Cross Red Crescent Movement in country IFRC has a country delegation with 28 staff who are supporting the current emergency operations. In-country sectoral specialists of IFRC are providing support to MRCS in needs assessment, identifying and finalizing needs and the plan of action. IFRC has provided surge capacity from its regional office in Kuala Lumpur with the deployment of a communications coordinator and operations coordinator for the initial week of the emergency response.
In-country PNS are also assisting the response operations. In Chin State, Danish Red Cross is supporting MRCS to divert some of the resources from its maternal and child health program to the ongoing emergency response. Qatar Red Crescent has committed USD 50,000 to MRCS for the distribution of around 3,500 tarpaulins. American Red Cross delegate is assisting the MRCS and IFRC in terms of corporate liaison, information management and coordination. Singapore Red Cross (SRCS) has deployed a rapid response team to support MRCS in the initial distributions of relief goods in some areas surrounding the capital, Yangon. SRCS has also committed to support MRCS with a cash pledge. Thailand Red Cross has donated USD 100,000 to MRCS.
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In Rakhine, the ICRC, with support from Movement partners, assists MRCS to respond to the disaster, whilst further scaling up its operational capacity on the ground. The rapid emergency response has already started (focusing on essential household items, food, safe water and health), and will quickly move to recovery in line with and where necessary beyond existing ICRC humanitarian programmes. In Rakhine, MRCS and ICRC are supporting the Ministry of Health in transporting health staff going to villages and bringing back the sick and injured to the hospital.
The ICRC Myanmar delegation is supporting MRCS in one of the most flood affected regions of Myanmar and has refocused its ongoing programmes to do so. Currently, the ICRC is not contemplating launching an emergency budget extension, but would ask for support towards the 2015 Annual Appeal, which now includes our joint response to the floods in Rakhine and is suffering a CHF18m shortfall.
Due to the special circumstances related to violence in Rakhine, the ICRC conducts RFL activities in Rakhine, including in townships of Mrauk-U, Minbya and Kyuaktaw. The ICRC teams are offering ‘Safe and Well’ phone calls while conducting assessments. They are particularly paying attention to unaccompanied or separated children. Note that ICRC is supporting MRCS RFL work across the whole of Myanmar.
Movement Coordination Regular Movement coordination meetings are organized by MRCS regarding the developing situation and the response to it. MRCS, IFRC and ICRC with support from PNS such as American Red Cross and Danish Red Cross have been coordinating and managing the floods response from the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) in Yangon. Daily updates about the disaster situation, Red Cross, government and other actors’ response, and needs are being shared with all in-country partners. MRCS, IFRC and ICRC are jointly working in Rakhine and coordinating on a daily basis. Daily updates are shared with the MRCS EOC in Yangon. The IFRC Cooperation Agreement Strategy (CAS) facilitator is supporting in the coordination efforts including meetings with the non-Movement actors.
The ICRC cooperation coordinator is working closely with the IFRC and PNS staff in the MRCS EOC. ICRC has also deployed its regional cooperation advisor to support Movement cooperation efforts and all relevant departments are actively supporting the flood response.
On behalf of MRCS, the IFRC is also participating in the sector and government meetings held in Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw and Sittwe. IFRC is also closely coordinating with UNOCHA, WFP, UNHCR, government EOC and undertaking regular information sharing with other humanitarian organizations. Three clusters such as food security, non-food items and shelter, and WASH are active in Myanmar in which IFRC and ICRC are participating. IFRC will co-lead the Shelter Cluster in flood-affected areas other than Rakhine and Kachin (areas affected by conflict or violence) where UNHCR is the current lead. IFRC is also participating in HCT and the inter cluster coordinating group.
Movement coordination will continue to take place and regular updates about the plan of action and the response will be shared with all partners. MRCS and ICRC will continue to work jointly in Rakhine State.
Shelter Coordination Mechanism The Shelter Cluster in Myanmar is led by UNHCR. However, given the extensive damage IFRC has been asked, in its capacity as the Global Shelter Cluster lead for natural disasters as well as through discussions in country, to coordinate the Shelter and NFI response at the sub-national level. UNHCR will continue to lead the cluster in Rakhine State and at the national level in Yangon and IFRC will coordinate the flood response in the three most affected areas: Chin State, Sagaing Region and Magway Region. IFRC will coordinate with UNHCR in the same way that it has done previously in Myanmar and continues to do so at the Global level. The IFRC is deploying two field coordinators in the first instance and once more information becomes available may look to increase the team. The team will be exclusively dedicated to the task of the cluster coordination, independent of MRCS/IFRC operations although it will be resourced through funds mobilized via this emergency appeal.
Overview of other actors in country The call from the Government of Myanmar for international assistance has generated support from several countries. The government has activated the national Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) for the first time. The role of the national EOC has been appreciated by UNOCHA in facilitating an effective response. The government has requested the UNOCHA to lead and coordinate the joint-assessments. UNOCHA as the lead of the inter-cluster coordinating group (ICCG) is working with the government to adapt and use the Multi Cluster/Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) methodology to the current context.
On 5 August, Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement (MoSWRR) organized a meeting, which was participated by UN agencies, World Bank, 22 INGOs, INGO Forum, MRCS and IFRC, to coordinate the response and plan the next round of assessments. It was shared that all requests related to emergency response will be channelled through the national EOC. Several organizations including UNOCHA, AHA centre, WFP, MIMU and MRCS will deploy their liaison officers in the national EOC. The government highlighted the need to include cash in the relief and recovery efforts. P a g e | 5
The humanitarian country team (HCT) has been activated and met regularly to coordinate and discuss the ongoing response. IFRC and ICRC are observer members in the HCT. Prior to the current floods, three clusters (health, water and sanitation and non-food items and shelter) have been active in Rakhine and Kachin for ongoing humanitarian needs. The HCT, clusters and a food security sector working group (coordinated by WFP) are responding to the current floods and have met regularly in Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw and Sittwe. WFP has assisted 82,000 persons with distribution of food-items and high-energy biscuits. Several humanitarian organizations including international NGOs present in Myanmar have responded to the floods and distributed relief items in the affected areas.
The AHA Centre (ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management) is supporting the government on information management including data collection, analysis and reporting. It has sent a team of three members to the national EOC.
In order to facilitate international assistance, government has arranged three airports (Yangon, Mandalay and Nay Pyi Taw) as priority logistics hubs for incoming relief supplies. It is also reported that arrangements for smaller aircraft landings can be made in other airfields of the country. The government has ensured faster access of staff from international humanitarian organizations to the affected areas and facilitated coordination of needs through its EOC.
Needs analysis, beneficiary selection, risk assessment and scenario planning
The floods caused widespread displacement; however, in most places people have returned or are returning home. Apart from some specific urban sites, camp-like settings are not expected to remain for long. However, damage to housing, especially in rural areas of the worst affected townships, is expected to be widespread. In Rakhine Sate alone, more than 9,000 houses have collapsed - information from other areas is still scarce. Families who experienced flooding have also lost basic household items, even if their house is intact. To meet the initial need for emergency shelter for these people, people need items such as tarpaulins, basic tools, and essential household items (blankets, clothes, kitchen sets).
Myanmar’s health care system is expected to be affected in some areas by increased service demand attributed to the effects of floods which include population displacement and deaths, destruction of physical infrastructure as well as rise in common communicable diseases. This will further stretch the available health resources, which are already limited in terms of available health personnel and facilities. This will be further compounded by potential epidemics including malaria, dengue, Influenza, acute and chronic diarrhoea. Thus support to health service delivery to affected populations will be inevitable if excess morbidity and mortality is to be avoided.
The impact of the floods has caused a number of risks to food security. Household food stocks have been damaged, people have been displaced, and key transport infrastructure has been damaged, both roads and bridges. Food prices, especially rice, have increased in the affected areas. The government and WFP are mobilising food stocks to affected areas, where there are concerns of food shortages.
This widespread flooding has occurred at the time of crop planting, causing a serious impact on livelihoods. More than one million acres of farmland has been inundated, with over 500,000 acres damaged – as reported by the Ministry of Agriculture. Crop damage, seed stock damage, land which is heavily silted, loss of tools, livestock and disruption of access to markets, all contributes to direct impacts on the household economy. Of additional concern are the slow moving floodwaters, which are now making their way to the south of Myanmar, to the sea. The levels of the Irrawaddy River remain high, and there is now flooding in Bago and Ayeyarwarddy Regions (the delta). Vulnerable families have few coping mechanisms, so this disruption to livelihoods (and shelter) will be difficult to recover from.
Water sources (tube wells, communal ponds) have been inundated and contaminated, so access to clean water is an issue for flood affected families. Water-born and vector diseases are also concerns, and of course latrines have been damaged. Some health infrastructure is damaged causing access to primary health care.
B. Operational strategy and plan This operational plan has been developed by MRCS in consultation with the IFRC as well as the ICRC and input from Partners National Societies. It focuses on the immediate needs of communities affected by the floods that occurred throughout the country during the months of July and August 2015. The intervention will focus in Chin, Magway and Sagaing, where IFRC will support MRCS in implementation of this plan, with the option of incorporating other geographical areas that are or may be affected except Rakhine and Kachin.
Further to the MRCS interventions to be supported under this IFRC plan of action, in Rakhine state ICRC will continue to respond and support MRCS in implementation, which are not detailed in this Appeal. The rapid emergency response has already started, and will quickly move to recovery activities in line and where necessary beyond existing ICRC humanitarian programmes. The relief operation will focus on providing essential emergency kits, emergency shelter, food and drinking water to the hardest-affected communities as well as first aid, medical care and the P a g e | 6 prevention of water and vector-borne diseases. Cash-for-work activities will aim at clean-up of public infrastructure like hospitals, while providing basic income to the community. The recovery phase will include support to the re- establishment of clean water systems, support to health facilities and outreach programmes as well as support to vulnerable households in terms of cash grants and livelihoods development.
The operation will retain flexibility to be able to consider situations of extreme vulnerability taking into account the responses other humanitarian actors scaling up at the moment.
Overall objective
The overall objective of this operation is to ensure that affected people receive appropriate assistance in a timely, effective, and efficient manner and are supported to recover with increased disaster resilience.
Proposed strategy
There are three key aspects that are factored in the strategy for this operation: A Movement-wide approach: MRCS is responsible for the overall coordination and implementation of the disaster response operation, supported by all components of the Movement. The IFRC is supporting MRCS operations in Chin, Magway and Sagaing and coordination of the international support through this Emergency Appeal while the ICRC is the primary operational partner of MRCS in Rakhine State. Flexibility will be maintained for the incorporating of other geographical areas that are or may be affected by floods except Rakhine and Kachin. Integrated programming and resilience-building: the recovery phase (to be defined in detail in the revised plan) will involve integrated, multi-sectoral support to communities to build community resilience. Implementing lessons from cyclones Nargis and Giri: MRCS experienced a large scale operation in response to Cyclone Nargis (2008) and a medium-scale intervention to Cyclone Giri (2010) provided various lessons from which this response will draw.
The target selection to assist the most vulnerable groups among the affected population in different geographical areas can be summarised as followed:
% target against Movement Region/State HH affected People affected HH target People target affected support Sagaing 34,603 173,015 8,651 43,254 25% MRCS/IFRC Magway 10,577 52,885 2,644 13,221 25% MRCS/IFRC Chin 1,388 6,940 347 1,735 25% MRCS/IFRC Rakhine 32,549 161,829 7,000 35,000 21.5% MRCS/ICRC Total 79,117 394,669 18,642 93,210 23.5%
Shelter and NFIs
The floods caused widespread displacement, with evacuation in most cases organised by Government authorities, often with support from MRCS branches and volunteers. As is common in Myanmar, monasteries, schools and stadiums are used as temporary evacuation sites. Evacuation to these locations, or simply to higher ground, also happens under spontaneous community action. However, in most places people have returned or are returning home. Apart from some specific sites, such as Hakha in Chin State and Kale in Sagaing Region, where landslides and floods have displaced urban residents, camp-like settings are not expected to remain for long. Where these camps remain, it is expected that GoM with support of other agencies will provide for these limited temporary shelter needs.
Damage to housing especially in rural areas of the worst affected townships is widespread. While in Rakhine State alone, more than 9,000 houses have collapsed. Until field assessments can be completed, information on housing damage remains scarce from the other areas. Families who experienced flooding have also lost basic household items, even if their house is intact. To meet the initial need for emergency shelter for these people, relief items such as tarpaulins, basic tools, essential household items (blankets, clothes, kitchen sets) are needed – where these can be dispatched from existing stocks and distributed rapidly. To support early recovery of these worst affected families, cash-based assistance is a preferred option, in areas where markets recover swiftly, and can complement the distribution of in-kind items. Providing shelter materials such as tool kits will be necessary to support shelter provision in some locations. Distributions will be complemented by a shelter sensitization campaign on proper siting and construction of emergency shelters as well as possible usage of unconditional cash grants to meet shelter needs. P a g e | 7
Key selection criteria for shelter, NFI and unconditional cash assistance will be linked to damage/destruction of housing. The most vulnerable families who have lost their house will of course require support to reconstruct, post relief phase. Direction from the GoM, with support from the Shelter Cluster, will determine how best to meet this need. Previous experience in Myanmar would point to material and/or cash assistance for self-build, with a component of training and awareness raising about how to ‘build back safer’, especially in these flood and cyclone prone areas.
Food Security & Livelihoods
The impact of the floods has caused a number of risks to food security. Household food stocks have been damaged, people have been displaced, and key transport infrastructure has been damaged, both roads and bridges. Landslides in hilly areas, especially Chin State, are responsible for cutting off areas from the outside world. Food prices, especially rice, have increased in the affected areas, in some cases tripling (e.g. – Hakha in Chin State). Food Security Cluster estimates that 208,000 people are in need of food. MRCS has purchased a limited amount of rice and with the support of the authorities; it has been flown to Hakha for 200 (urban) displaced families. MRCS is also receiving local in-kind donations of 50kg rice sacks, and these are being dispatched where most needed, after consultation. GoM and WFP have released food stocks, and distributions are starting to reach the populations in need. WFP has announced that a one month food basket will be distributed to 280,000 people, and by 7 August 2015 more than 100,000 have been reached. It is expected that immediate food security needs will be addressed by these other partners, so only limited food or rice distributions are factored under this Plan.
This widespread flooding has occurred at the time of crop planting and rice paddy transplanting, in primarily agricultural areas, which is having a predictably serious impact on livelihoods. More than one million acres of farmland has been inundated, with over 500,000 acres damaged – as reported by the Ministry of Agriculture. Crop damage, seed stock damage, land which is heavily silted, loss of tools, livestock, disruption of access to markets, etc., all contributes to direct impacts on the household economy. Not only is current food production and income generation affected, but the potential loss of the entire crop cycle in these areas (especially rice and pulses) will have serious future impacts – not just for farmers, but also for the landless poor who rely on casual agricultural labour to meet their families’ needs. Rising food prices will affect all of Myanmar, but could be acute in some locations.
Of additional concern are the slow moving floodwaters, which are now making their way to the south of Myanmar, to the sea. The levels of the Irrawaddy River remain high, and there is now flooding in Bago and Ayeyarwarddy Regions (the delta). Although this does not pose major risks to loss of life or shelter, these floodwaters are receding very slowly, so it is very likely that additional damage to livelihoods will be revealed in these areas.
The Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement has made clear that response operations should shift rapidly from relief distributions and focus on recovery needs, especially livelihoods. They have also highlighted that cash assistance is the preferred way to support self-recovery and also local markets. There is an urgent need to support farmers to replant while there is still time, and the government is talking about providing seeds. However, it is unlikely that all needs will be met, and interventions to protect existing livelihoods and recovery of lost livelihoods will be included. Where markets are assessed to be functioning, cash assistance is most effective; however, in certain areas it may be necessary to provide in-kind assistance.
Provision of unconditional cash transfers to meet early recovery needs can allow for households to prioritise urgent livelihoods protection needs. In a recovery phase, the restart of income generation activities in general would be best supported with conditional cash transfers, with training components. In order to ensure the appropriateness of cash assistance in the recovery phase, markets will be assessed, both in terms of functionality and tracking inflation.
Health and Care
MRCS is proposing to support the existing health system by supporting linkages between branches and health authorities, raising community awareness in common communicable diseases including information and provision of small enabling items such as LLINs as well as training in epidemic control, among other activities. Lessons already learnt have highlighted the need for health to be integrated into future preparedness and response efforts so training for branches will be an essential part of supporting MRCS capacity in future.
Due to reports of flood water levels and damage to households it is expected that minor injuries will increase and that first aid should be readily available in communities. As all townships have RCVs trained in basic first aid the focus will be on distribution of first aid kits and monthly replenishment for the first three months (small first aid kit- 35 per affected township and quarterly replenishment if needed). Also one advanced first aid kit and first aid to deal with major injuries in the acute response stage (21C in each branch).
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In the immediate stage, clean delivery kits will be distributed to pregnant women, as access for pregnant women to health facilities is likely to be disrupted till road access is restored. This may be more widely supported in future plans depending on the evolving situation and available kits. Coordination will be maintained with UNFPA to obtain the kits.
As it is expected that communicable diseases will rise due to poor environmental sanitation and flood waters, the prevention of communicable diseases is essential in affected populations. To support this MRCS plans to mobilize and deploy ECV/CBHFA volunteers to affected townships with ECV toolkits (already locally adapted). Teams will consist approximately of 5 to 6 members including ToT trained staff (from a pool of approximately 100 ECV and 2000 CBHFA (in affected areas). They will be responsible for health education and hygiene promotion in affected communities including distribution of enabling items such as clean delivery kits, ORS (including buckets and water tabs to most affected households), LLINs, IEC materials, nail clippers and clean up toolkits. As volunteer capacity is limited training will be essential to continue such activities in the medium term, so ECV volunteers will also train 5 volunteers per township in ECV to carry on health promotion activities in affected villages including refresher training for existing ECV (in non-affected areas). As ECV volunteers are also trained in epidemic control assessment and disease surveillance also used to liaise with township branches and local authorities on potential disease outbreaks.
It is also expected that the Ministry of Health system at township level may be affected to do routine activities like immunization, drug distribution, deworming and vitamin A campaigns. As MRCS already has an existing relationship with township authorities, it will look at supporting the health system in two ways; supplying rural health systems with transportation of drugs from the Ministry of Health if requested and supporting midwives to reach villages and provide health services through linkages to communities, with MRCS covering per diem and transportation cost for the midwives. Referral systems are not active in all communities but where volunteers are available they could be used to link and alert township health authorities of emergency situations.
Psychosocial support will be needed for communities who have been severely affected as well as volunteers who will be under high stress from working in the emergency situation. It is planned to utilize MRCS capacity in psychosocial support including PSS kits to affected communities and volunteers. Posters and pamphlets will also be reprinted to support the efforts. PSS will also be provided for responders - staff and volunteers.
Lessons already learnt from previous interventions highlighted the need for health to be integrated into future preparedness and response efforts. Training for branches will therefore be an essential part of supporting MRCS capacity, including combining NDRT capacity with ECV volunteers and health capacity so response will be easier. Furthermore, development of health contingency plan at HQ and branches that are regularly affected will be part of the longer term plan.
Water, sanitation and hygiene promotion
Water Supply In Chin, Magway and Sagaing state/regions there was significant pre-existing water supply infrastructure (primarily tube well, ponds and hand pump installations). In Magway and Sagaing region most communities depend for drinking water on surface ponds and deep water sources and in Chin state hand pumps were observed as common water sources used for drinking purpose. In the current situation most of the water sources are contaminated due to flooding, or are inaccessible, and communities are unable to use the contaminated water sources.
Displaced populations are being housed either in schools, monasteries, host families, or spontaneous camps along roadsides. It is estimated that in some places they could be displaced for approximately 2 - 4 more weeks before they are able to return, depending on the flood water receding, and therefore emergency and household water provision is being considered for this period. All displaced people consulted indicated their preference to return home as soon as they were able once the flood waters receded.
The household water treatment and safe storage (through aqua tabs or PUR sachets and jerry cans) is for up to 3 months in affected areas where tube well/hand pumps or bore water supplies are not damaged with accessibility to water supply. Emergency water supply through prepositioned existing water purification units (LMS, Scan and Nomad) for up to 2 months in displaced people’s camps and schools. Water trucking and storage is also planned to supplement the water treatment. It is anticipated that the displaced people will return to their homes as soon as the flood waters recede and they will have access to water from hand pumps and bore water supplies, although there will be some water quality concerns initially until the hand pumps can be repaired. The recovery activities will include well dewatering, disinfection and repair and bore water supply repair for the affected areas, so that the original supply is able to be re-established as quickly as possible, as it is anticipated that the displaced families will return as soon as possible to their damaged houses. In the areas assessed, properly constructed bore holes and hand pumps have been able to withstand the floods and are seen as a sound disaster risk reduction initiative. It is estimated that hand pumps can provide enough water for up to 70 families and boreholes with a distribution network through water tank can provide for up to 200-250 families. MRCS has experience with water installation projects.
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Sanitation In Chin, Magway and Sagaing state, communities have basic sanitation facilities and poor excreta disposal system [soak pits constructed with bamboo mats], and these have been affected severely in the region. Up to 76% of the affected population assessed had access to fly proof / pour flush latrines connected to soak pits prior to the disaster (particularly in Magway and Sagaing region, slightly less in Chin state). These latrines were situated inside the home to ensure privacy, a model which is preferred by the community. All latrine superstructures, however, were damaged. Fly proof / pour flush latrines are the most culturally acceptable design, while pit latrines may be considered for temporary latrines, in areas where flood waters are not at risk of being contaminated.
The sanitation condition in the schools where displaced people are temporarily residing is that although sanitation facilities existed in the schools prior to the disaster, these facilities are now stressed with the increased load of users and without adequate maintenance have quickly become a risk. It is evident that most schools have only 1 male and 1 female latrine; many of these schools are hosting large numbers of displaced persons and will be assessed for their needs and included in the latrine construction programme. Additional emergency latrines are being considered in these schools in a culturally acceptable design. The assessment of sanitation in spontaneous camps is also that limited adequate sanitation exists and these camps are a priority to be targeted for sanitation support.
Activities related to emergency sanitation in displaced camps and schools will be targeted through community participation. Emergency sanitation will be required for up to 2 months if people continue to be displaced by flood waters and unable to return to their damaged homes. Recovery sanitation activities will include the provision of temporary superstructures (6 months) and then permanent superstructures (for up to 12 months) for damaged household fly proof / pour-flush latrines to connect to soak pits that have not been damaged, using a standard MRCS latrine design. Cash grants can be considered as an alternative if there are recommendations from the recovery assessment, after coordination with plans for any livelihoods and shelter cash grant distributions. It is assumed that latrines in schools will be covered by Ministry of Education and other WASH cluster actors; however the recovery assessment may have other recommendations related to sanitation in schools.
Wastewater and solid waste management With standing water remaining an issue, particularly in Chin, Magway and Sagaing state (due to the soil conditions) there is some risk of mosquito-borne disease. Flies are evident at spontaneous camps and camps in school buildings due to inadequate solid water management. Some of these issues is planned to be addressed by the sanitation teams. Solid waste management and drainage needs have been identified in the regions and the camps in 3 regions. These will be addressed by the MRCS sanitation teams.
Hygiene Promotion The hygiene level in Chin, Magway and Sagaing states was low before the flooding situation, especially related to hand-washing during critical times. In places hosting displaced people (monasteries, camps and schools), hygiene is a concern due to crowding of facilities, however crowding of sanitation facilities and inadequate systems of solid waste management remain a risk for disease. There is currently needs in hygiene promotion support in displaced people camps and schools due to the living conditions, particularly emergency hygiene promotion needs for up to 2 months while people are still displaced until they return to their damaged homes.
There are female specific needs for hygiene that also need to be considered with regards to the emergency hygiene campaigns with female volunteers. As families return to their damaged homes there will be hygiene needs linked with poor quality water supplies and temporary latrines. Longer term hygiene promotion activities will be required in all locations where water and sanitation hardware is being reconstructed MRCS have many volunteers trained in the PHAST methodology in Chin, Magway and Sagaing state and believe they have the capacity to meet the target of 30,000 peoples. MRCS believe they are able to commence HP with males but will require some additional training to commence HP with the female population.
The proposed activities for water and sanitation will be aimed at ensuring access to sustainable safe water, proper sanitation facilities and promotion of hygiene to prevent water borne diseases. MRCS, with the support of township branches, will distribute water purification tablets for household water treatment, support sanitation latrine repair/construction platforms and tarpaulins for latrines. MRCS will also provide emergency water supply through three mobile water purification units with technical support from IFRC Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation Emergency (PHASTER) training will be carried out to sensitize the affected communities on proper hygiene and sanitation practices. To further strengthen this training, various information, education and communication (IEC) materials like T-shirts and posters with positive hygiene messages will be designed and produced.
Community Preparedness and Disaster Risk Reduction
Myanmar is vulnerable to a wide range of natural disasters and is one of the most at-risk countries in Asia-Pacific. While the country’s coastal regions are particularly exposed to cyclones, tropical storms and tsunamis, rainfall-induced flooding is a recurring phenomenon across the country. The whole country is at risk from earthquakes, droughts and P a g e | 10 fires, while the country’s mountainous regions are also exposed to landslide risks. Cyclone Nargis in May 2008 has been by far the most devastating natural disaster in the history of the country, which has brought into focus the extremely high vulnerability of communities to natural hazards.
Every year, over one million people are exposed to floods and cyclones1. Flooding leads to loss of lives and property, damage to critical infrastructure, economic loss and health related problems such as outbreak of water borne diseases when the lakes, ponds and reservoirs get contaminated. The country receives practically all its rainfall between mid- May and October, the rainy season, during which flooding and landslides are common. Limited disaster awareness and preparedness has contributed to an increased number of disasters with greater human casualties and loss of livelihoods as well as individual and communal infrastructure.
During the past decade, Myanmar suffered many hydro-meteorological related disasters and some major events were Cyclone Marlar in 2006, Cyclone Akash in 2007, Cyclone Nargis in 2008, Cyclone Giri in 2010, river floods and flash floods in 2011. In 2012 a tropical storm prompted to evacuate 120,000 people in Rakhine to safer locations while the storm eventually impacted Bangladesh; a similar development and course of action occurred during Cyclone Mahasen in March 2013.
The community preparedness and disaster risk reduction component of this plan aims to increase community safety and resilience through integrated risk reduction initiatives. When immediate emergency and relief needs are covered, there will be the need to undertake an analysis to identify specific needs for integrated community preparedness and risk reduction. Taking into account existing capacities and needs for improvement, the analysis will be translated into an action plan for engagement over the longer period in integrated programming aimed at enhancing community resilience. The effects, and the consequences, of the climate change on the context, life style, risks and challenges that the community are facing, will be factored in the action plan.
National Society’s Institutional Preparedness and Capacity Building
This relief and recovery operation is seeing a rapid increase in Red Cross activity in the townships being prioritised. The operation seeks to ensure that the township branches involved are adequately supported both during the scale up and later, during the scale down. The MRCS has a good track record of following the principles of ‘OD in emergencies’ from the Cyclone Nargis operation (2008-2011).
The intention of this operation is to scale up during the relief phase of this operation primarily using Red Cross volunteers. States and regions which are not greatly affected by the floods are currently being asked to identify active volunteers who are willing to be involved in the operation. Teams of MRCS volunteers will then be deployed in priority townships and rotated regularly. This will both support the operation and give valuable experience to other branches around the country.
During the recovery phase, the MRCS will set up ‘hub’ offices to manage the bulk of the work that will need to be carried out, while thoughtfully identifying the complementary role of the State and Township branches. The intention is to ensure the branches have stronger capacity at the close of the operation without subjecting them to the trauma of a dramatic scale up and scale down.
Branch development activities are being planned by the MRCS OD department for the township branches as the recovery phase begins. This will involve branch assessments, volunteer training and materials to support the recovery operation, increase branch capacity and plan for the ongoing life of the branch after the operation is completed.
The disaster management capacity of MRCS township branches in the areas targeted by the programme will be further strengthened to manage and coordinate Disaster Management and DRR initiatives. The branches will be supported with formation or strengthening of emergency response teams (ERT). These ERT trainings will include branch staff, volunteers as well as officials from local authorities. The branches will be supported with ERT kits, early warning communication and preparedness equipment. In addition to building up MRCS ERT capacity, two NDRT (National Disaster Response Team) refresher trainings will also be conducted – these are at national level, with volunteers from across the country participating. These NDRTs are currently responding to the floods, and it is important to keep growing and maintaining this capacity within MRCS.
To ensure preparedness for future disasters, this plan also intends to purchase and pre-position select contingency relief stocks. A set of 1,000 family kits, dignity kits and hygiene kits will be purchased. This is mostly local procurement, except for tarpaulins, blankets and mosquito nets which are purchased internationally.
1http://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/asia/mmr/ P a g e | 11
Disaster Law
The President of the Union of Myanmar has directed the National Disaster Management Committee (NDMC) and the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) to perform its legal responsibilities and ensure expedited and efficient and coordination of humanitarian aid. The NDMC has tasked the EOC to rapidly implement an expedited customs process for incoming relief items of operational UN and NGOs currently working in the field. In order to achieve this national priority, a request was made for the deployment of one International Disaster Response Law (IDRL) expert to advise the EOC on the development and implementation of this customs process. Consequently, IFRC is deploying a member of its Disaster Law Programme to provide the requested support.
The operation in Myanmar will also support ongoing efforts to strengthen the current legal framework for disaster management and response, in line with the IDRL Guidelines and the Checklist for Law and Disaster Risk Reduction. MRCS and IFRC have been working closely with the RRD and other key partners such as the UN to support the Government of the Union of Myanmar in their efforts to strengthen their national disaster management laws and procedures. These efforts have been ongoing since 2013, and a project to assess the existing legal framework for international disaster response was approved by the RRD and MRCS in the months prior to the floods, and is due to commence shortly. Any emerging regulatory issues in relation to IDRL, DRR or shelter can be incorporated into these ongoing efforts and there will be coordination between the ongoing work and the work in this EPOA.
Restore Family Links
The floods and landslides have resulted in a high number of evacuations. As a result of mass displacements of thousands, requests have been received to contact family members in the flood affected areas. In the affected areas, there are persons who have been separated from families due to the floods and displacement caused by it. It is expected that further requests from the affected populations as well as people trying to get in touch with their loved ones will be received in the coming weeks. At the same time, the branches themselves have been affected by the floods and their capacity to provide restoring family links services in the future needs to be strengthened. ICRC will work with MRCS to provide restoring family links services, such as safe and well messages/calls and look out for need of active tracing in the short-term. Over the next year, MRCS, with the support of the ICRC, will further develop branch capacity through the training of branch volunteers to provide effective RFL services as well as provide the branches with the minimum equipment required for such services. This will be covered through the objectives and budget of the ICRC plans and budget.
An RFL Emergency teams has been deployed to Magway, three other teams are on standby to go to Sagaing, Chin and Rakhine, and if necessary other affected parts of the country. So far, MRCS helped to reunite 27 families in Magway and made 1485 Safe and Well registrations in the camps. Note that ICRC has been working with MRCS for a number of years on RFL, and they will be funding MRCS RFL activities throughout Myanmar for this flood response. As such, RFL is not included in the operational strategy of this Plan.
Gender, diversity and protection
Gender, diversity and protection issues will be mainstreamed in this operation, considering mass displacements and temporary accommodation of evacuees in displaced-persons facilities. Among others, areas of focus will include gender-based violence (GBV), child protection and social exclusion of some groups of people based on ethnic background, which may be exacerbated in a time of emergency when social connections become weaker. Mainstreaming of gender, diversity and protection issues will also ensure that psychosocial interventions are context- appropriate and that accountability lines are place for GBV response and prevention. Concerted effort will be put in identifying, advocating and planning to address ethic-based discrimination, including through the protection cluster.
Since 2013, MRCS has been working on violence prevention programming, and it is intended that this flood response will mainstream it. As a practical example, MRCS has received a local corporate donation of solar lamps, and these will be provided to people in displacement sites and communities without electrical supply, to ensure better safety at night for women and children. There will be endeavour to capture sex and age disaggregated data, for the purpose of understanding the number and specific vulnerability of females to males based on their gender roles and age (i.e. to understand if a higher proportion of women, children or men are made vulnerable).
Community engagement and accountability
MRCS has a long history of working and communicating with affected communities, including during the responses to Cyclone Nargis and Cyclone Giri, and IFRC has a beneficiary communications delegate in place in Myanmar. Community accountability and feedback/response mechanisms will be integrated into response and recovery programmes to ensure that affected populations have direct access to information on the nature and scope of services provided by MRCS, along with processes that will enable community participation and feedback. These services will be implemented through context-specific channels, including mass communication (such as mainstream media, telephone and print media including Q&A print-outs, flyers and posters) and face to face options through social mobilization. P a g e | 12
Operational support services
Human resources The relief phase of the response will rely mainly on the current capacity of MRCS, who has many volunteers and teams specialized in emergency response. However, following the relief phase, the early recovery and longer-term programmes will require the National Society to hire additional technical and support staff, who will receive technical support from Movement partners. In addition, existing national headquarter disaster management staff as well as administrative and support employees will play a role in the ongoing operation. Two new hubs, that will serve as “implementation bases”, will be set up and will require further human resources, including technical specialized employees. The current MRCS NHQ structure will also provide additional support to the programmes, such as logistics, administration and PMER.
Based on an increased demand for technical and coordination support required to deliver on this response plan, the IFRC in-country structure will be strengthened to guarantee an effective and efficient technical support to MRCS so as to deliver the commitments under this operation. As such, a portion of the budget is factoring the need for recruitment and/or deployment of regional, international and national staff. The IFRC will provide support to MRCS for the operation in the form of an Operations Manager and a national Finance Officer. The staffing needs may be adjusted based on consultations with MRCS. Additional support by IFRC will be provided via technical missions from outside Myanmar by specialists in various sectors including – but not limited to – cash programming, communications, health, disaster laws, PMER, water and sanitation and shelter.
Logistics and supply chain Most of the necessary NFIs needed during the relief phase of the intervention are already in country in MRCS warehouses. The transport of these items has, and will continue, to necessitate the use of local capacity, both with MRCS resources and via local suppliers.
All MRCS items distributed to beneficiaries will be replenished to ensure that the National Society has adequate stocks in-country to respond to the next potential disaster. The strategy will be to procure all standard items (i.e. tarpaulins, mosquito nets, blankets, water purification tablets) with the support of the IFRC Zone Logistics Unit (ZLU). Items that are adapted to local customs, such as lungi, kitchen sets, hygiene items, etc., will be procured in Myanmar.
Warehousing capacity is sufficient for the current plan and will not require additional capacity. Part of the running cost of existing warehouses will be covered by the current emergency appeal. As additional hubs will be set up in the affected area, further transport capacity will be required. Additional vehicles will be rented and based in the hubs as well as boats. Drivers will be hired locally.
Information technologies (IT) As the implementation teams will be augmented with new staff, they will need to be equipped with standards tools such as phones and laptop computers. Internet equipment will be needed for the hubs offices (3G/4G portable devices). Some intervention areas have poor cellular coverage and the means of communications are limited. The laws of the country prohibit owning a satellite phone or VHF/HF radios, so these solutions will not be possible to ensure adequate communication between NHQ and the hubs, or with the teams during implementation activities. However, the cellular coverage is improving on a daily basis which leads us to believe this will not constitute a real challenge. Dedicated internet connections will be established in the hub offices (using IP-Star or similar).
Communications IFRC, ICRC and MRCS communications teams have been working closely together to develop a common approach towards communicating as a Movement in order to build public awareness around the evolving humanitarian crisis and to position the MRCS and Movement partners as primary responders to the disaster. Common talking points and audiovisual materials have been shared with National Societies in order to support their communications efforts in their domestic markets. A proactive approach has been taken to secure local and international media coverage to ensure that the humanitarian impacts of the floods remains in the public eye. The IFRC has also focused on maximizing public communication outreach across its web and social media platforms.
During the relief and recovery operation, the IFRC will continue to agree on key messages and talking points with the ICRC and will ensure that the activities of the MRCS are well profiled in all communications materials. Key messages, talking points, reactive press lines and infographics will be produced on a regular basis with particular emphasis placed on communicating around key milestones and timelines in the operation. Regular news stories and blogs together with interactive maps and infographics will be posted on the IFRC public website and other relevant online media sites. Ensuring that the operation is well documented through audio-visual coverage will be an important element of the communications plan. High quality photographic and video material will be produced over the duration of the emergency appeal, designed to support the resource mobilization and visibility efforts of National Societies. P a g e | 13
The IFRC’s communications plan will initially be implemented through a communications delegate supporting the MRCS in close coordination with ICRC’s in-country communications delegate, for a three month period. The operation will then be supported by the IFRC Asia Pacific communications team. A Movement approach to joint communications activities will be maintained and emphasis will be placed on supporting the MRCS communications team
External relations, resource mobilization and humanitarian diplomacy Proactive and effective engagement with a range of external and internal partners, including government departments, donor agencies, the UN system, NGOs, community groups and if appropriate, multilateral banks is a critical part of this operation. A number of governments and private companies have expressed interest in supporting the operation and discussions are underway in Yangon, Kuala Lumpur and Geneva. Given the critical, longstanding inter-communal conflict in Rakhine State, the most seriously flood-affected region in Myanmar, monitoring humanitarian issues especially around protection, humanitarian access and sexual and gender based violence will be a priority. IFRC will work closely with MRCS and ICRC to ensure emerging issues are identified in time and appropriate responses are developed. It is critical for ongoing funding support, positioning of IFRC as well as fulfilling the obligation to advocate on behalf of vulnerable people that IFRC is represented and participates in a range of forums and platforms hosted by external parties. In the short to medium term
Security IFRC Myanmar delegation has a detailed security rules and regulations, which were updated in 2014 with the support of IFRC Secretariat security team and in consultation with MRCS and in-country Movement partners, particularly the ICRC. The UN and other key actors were also consulted during the revision process. The guidelines include cultural respect, transportation safety issues, emergency communication, emergency medical evacuation, critical incident reporting, among others. Further the rules and regulations include separate guidelines for Rakhine State which has a history of violence and is a part of the programme. The security rules and regulations will be revised in light of concentrated work in four states targeted by this programme.
Importantly IFRC is a member of various inter-agency groups such as the HCT, INGO forum, DRR working group etc. which allows it to monitor any changes in environment or security situation for international organizations and its national and international staff. MRCS with its wide network of volunteers receives reliable information quickly about any possible security threats and/or volatile situation.
IFRC has also been supporting MRCS with the implementation of ‘Stay Safe’ training for its staff. The possibility of translating the module of ‘Stay Safe’ training course on the IFRC learning platform to Myanmar is currently being explored. Further use of Stay Safe training by MRCS staff and volunteers will contribute to enhanced safety and security. Furthermore, MRCS has conducted a Safer Access baseline assessment and is working on the implementation of the main recommendations. All MRCS staff are insured and any new staff recruited to support the response will also be insured. Measures will be put in place to ensure that all MRCS volunteers supporting this operation are insured.
Planning, monitoring, evaluation, and reporting (PMER) MRCS with the support of IFRC is responsible for planning, monitoring and evaluation, and reporting (PMER) aspects of this operation. District chapters carry out day-to-day monitoring of the operation in the field, while the headquarters, especially disaster management department, supervises and monitors the activities of the district chapter in line with the EPoA. The MRCS PMER team, supported by surge PMER capacity, will be responsible for drafting operation updates and pledge-based reports in close consultation with disaster management and other concerned departments. The PMER surge capacity is still being explored and partners are encouraged to support this role.
A PMER Technical Working Group is present and active within MRCS since 2014. It is planned that MRCS will assign at least one dedicated PMER staff to support in the ongoing M&E and reporting aspects of this operation.
In accordance with the IFRC framework for evaluations, at least one evaluation will be conducted for this operation. MRCS will also conduct post-distribution survey at the end of the relief phase. The Asia Pacific PMER unit in Kuala Lumpur will support in the planning and guiding of the evaluation.
Administration and Finance The existing MRCS financial regulations, HR and admin policies will guide this response operation. At HQ level, an existing finance officer will be recruited to bolster the team. In the operational hubs, a finance/admin officer will be responsible for cash management, supported by a cashier. However, the hub field managers, and ultimately the Operations Manager in HQ, have responsibility for budget management within MRCS. New bank accounts will be opened in the hub locations, specifically for response operation funds.
To reinforce IFRC financial management capacity, an additional finance officer will be recruited. The IFRC Operations Manager will be the formal budget holder for Appeal funds. P a g e | 14
C. DETAILED OPERATIONAL PLAN
Quality programming
Needs analysis: MRCS, supported by Movement partners, has initiated an immediate response with assessments – to determine the needs of affected people – being conducted alongside initial relief distributions. Operation supporting systems are being identified and set up in consultation with partners.
Outcome 1: Continuous and detailed assessment and analysis is used to inform the design and implementation of the operation Output 1.1: Needs assessments are conducted and response plans updated according to findings Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.1.1 Mobilize staff and volunteers for assessments (including Movement Partners’ resources) x x 1.1.2 Undertake assessments to determine specific needs of beneficiaries x x x x 1.1.3 Develop detailed response plans with activities that will meet identified beneficiary needs x x x Output 1.2: Additional assistance is considered where appropriate and incorporated into the plan Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.2.1 Ensure that any adjustments to initial plans are informed by continuous assessment of needs x x x x 1.2.2 Conduct post-action surveys to determine the level of satisfaction among beneficiaries x x x Output 1.3: Mechanisms are in place to facilitate two-way communication with and ensure transparency and accountability to disaster-affected people Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.3.1 Provide appropriate information, including on the scope and content of projects, to disaster-affected people x x x x x x 1.3.2 Ensure that affected people can deliver feedback on the programmes and report any complaints, in confidence, and that x x x x x x x x x x x such are actioned by MRCS and its partners Output 1.4: Management and delivery of the operation is informed by an appropriate monitoring and evaluation system Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.4.1 Develop and utilize an appropriate M&E system to support monitoring of the operation progress, including final evaluations x x x x x x x x x x x and lessons learnt activities.
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Health & care
Needs analysis: The health care system will be impacted and the capacity to assist the population reduced. This will increase the potential for epidemic outbreaks including malaria, dengue, Influenza, acute and chronic diarrhea, as well as measles and leptospirosis.
Population to be assisted: Most vulnerable of the affected population will be targeted in worst affected areas of Chin, Magway and Sagaing state. Health promotion will be done in each of the villages by epidemic control for volunteers (ECV) and will include distribution of items and IEC materials. Disease surveillance will also be crucial at this time too. Mosquito net distribution will target 5,000 households, with an equal number of households to be provided with ORS.
Outcome 1: The immediate risks to the health of floods affected population are reduced Output 1.1: The health situation and immediate risks are assessed using agreed guidelines Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.1.1 Refresher training on ECV for volunteers x x x 1.1.2 Deploy ECV-trained volunteers with toolkits to affected townships x x x x x x 1.1.3 Undertake community health assessments x x x x x x 1.1.4 Distribute clean delivery kits to pregnant women x x x 1.1.5 Distribute mosquito nets to affected households in malaria endemic areas x x x 1.1.6 Distribute ORS to affected households x x x Output 1.2 Target population is provided with rapid medical management of injuries and diseases Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.2.1 Provide first aid kits to affected townships for delivery of first aid services in communities x x x Output 1.3 Community-based disease prevention and health promotion is provided to the target population Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.3.1 Organize health education sessions in communities x x x 1.3.2 Reprint and distribute health promotion materials x x x x x Outcome 2 The medium-term risks to the health of affected populations are reduced Output 2.1 Gaps in medical infrastructure of the affected population filled Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2.1.1 Support immunization/midwife activities (including safe delivery kits) x x x x x x 2.1.2 Assist in public health referral system x x x x x x 2.1.3 Support township health departments in disease surveillance x x x x x Output 2.2: Psychosocial needs of the affected populations are met Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2.2.1 Organize refresher trainings for PSP volunteers in affected states and regions x x x 2.2.2 Provide PSP kits to the trained volunteers upon completion of PSP refresher trainings x x x x x 2.2.3 Organize psychosocial activities in displaced persons facilities and affected communities x x x x x x 2.2.4 Conduct peer support sessions and organize ‘rest and recreation’ days and team building activities for staff and volunteers x x x x x x x x x x x x
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Water, sanitation and hygiene promotion
Needs analysis: The floods in Chin, Magway and Sagaing state/regions resulted in acute needs of clean water, emergency sanitation and better hygienic conditions.
Population to be assisted: For the targeted areas of Chin, Magway and Sagaing, safe water will be provided to approx. 20,000 people, 5,000 households will be provided with water purification tablets and jerry cans, while 5,000 people will benefit from improved sanitary conditions via the construction of emergency latrines. Women in particular will be receiving dignity kits – targeting 3,000 women. Finally hygiene promotion activities and kits will be provided to 9,000 households. These figures are not necessarily cumulative as some families will benefit from more than one activity. In the medium term it is estimated that 11,600 families will be reached with PHAST activities.
Outcome 1: The immediate reduction in risk of waterborne and water related diseases in targeted Output 1.1: Daily access to safe water which meets Sphere and WHO standards in terms of quantity and quality is provided to target population Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.1.1 Distribute jerry cans (two per family) and water purification tablets to affected households x x x 1.1.3 Provide safe drinking water to the most vulnerable displaced people in schools and areas/camps through emergency water x x x purification units, treatment and distribution 1.1.4 Establish water distribution and storage (through trucking) in areas as required x x x 1.1.5 Dewater wells and repair hand pumps and bore water supplies in most vulnerable affected areas x x x Output 1.2: Adequate sanitation which meets Sphere standards in terms of quantity and quality is provided to target population Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.2.1 Continue to assess the immediate need for emergency excreta disposal facilities with the displaced population in schools x x and camps being supported by MRCS 1.2.2 Construct appropriate emergency latrines for the displaced population in schools and camps with consideration for gender x x requirements 1.2.3 Procure materials and distribute to target affected households, after consultation to assist them with temporary super- x x structures for damaged household pour-flush latrines 1.2.4 Implement solid waste system and clean up campaigns in targeted camps, schools and communities x x x 1.2.5 Monitor use of latrines and reduction of vectors in the camps and schools x x x Output 1.3 Hygiene promotion activities which meet Sphere standards in terms of the identification and use of hygiene items provided to target population Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.3.1 Distribute hygiene kits, hygiene parcels and dignity kits to the affected population complimentary with hygiene promotion x x x messages 1.3.2 Conduct trainings with locally recruited volunteers in order to continue hygiene promotion activities x 1.3.3 Conduct emergency hygiene promotion activities and clean up campaigns in the displaced people camps and schools x x through MRCS trained volunteers supported by two female and reinforced with local volunteers, particularly female volunteers 1.3.4 Produce HP materials using existing pre-prepared materials from hygiene promotion box x x x 1.3.5 Monitor health and hygiene of targeted displaced community and the correct use of latrines and household water treatment x x x Output 1.4: Medium-term hygiene promotion needs of affected population in area of intervention are met Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.4.1 Conduct recovery assessment of hygiene needs in affected areas in relation to water and sanitation hardware in x x x x x x x x conjunction with health promotion activities P a g e | 17
1.4.2 Conduct PHAST sessions in affected communities x x x x x x x x x Outcome 2: Sustainable reduction in risk of waterborne and water related diseases in targeted communities Output 2.1: Increased sustainable access to safe and sustainable water is provided to target population Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2.1.1 Conduct recovery assessment of water needs in affected areas (in conjunction with shelter and livelihoods) x x 2.1.2 Establish water committees and sign MoUs with the community and local government in target communities x x 2.1.3 Procure materials for water supply system rehabilitation x x x 2.1.4 Reconstruct /repair ponds, hand pump existing community water supply systems and tube well/ bore water supply systems x x x x x x x x x in accordance with the detailed recovery assessment (1 bore water supply for 300-500 families and 1 hand pump supply for 70 families) using community consultations approach 2.1.5 Conduct water supply system operation and maintenance training in community x x x x x x x Output 2.2: Increased access to appropriate and sustainable sanitation is provided to target population Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2.2.1 Conduct recovery assessment of sanitation needs in affected areas and identify target households (in conjunction with x x shelter) 2.2.2 Conduct community mobilisation for household latrine reconstruction using community consultation approach and linking x x x with the hygiene promotion team 2.2.3 Procure materials for fly proof/pour flush latrine based on the MRCS standard design (on the assumption that existing x x x septic tanks have not been badly damaged, and not all latrines were affected) 2.2.4 Supply materials to affected households and support them to reconstruct their household latrines, alternatively consider the x x x x x x use of cash grants 2.2.5 Monitor latrine construction x x x x
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Immediate household needs, shelter and settlements Needs analysis: Damages to housing, especially in rural areas of the worst affected townships in Chin, Magway and Sagaing state/regions are expected. In addition, the results of flooding of dwellings will result with families loosing basic household items, even if their house structure remained intact.
Population to be assisted: The key selection criteria for this relief support will be families whose house has been fully or seriously damaged. At this initial stage, assessment data is not yet available, so appropriate targets have been estimated. Households who have suffered complete housing loss will receive household kits and emergency shelter materials; others who have less damage may receive just a family kit. Up to 5,000 families will receive emergency shelter materials, and some families (up to 3,000) will also receive other essential household items (including kitchen sets and family kits).
A total of 2,000 families will be provided with unconditional cash transfers, which will be a mostly separate beneficiary caseload from those households who will receive NFIs from existing stocks. The purpose of the unconditional cash transfers is to allow affected households to provide for remaining urgent needs according to their own priorities, whether it is for household items, shelter materials, food, or livelihoods inputs. Because of this, additional selection criteria will be considered for cash assistance, such as serious disruption of livelihoods - as well damage to housing.
For shelter recovery, 250 of the most vulnerable families will be targeted, as part of the integrated approach to recovery. Selection will be against criteria that will be set based on discussions with and guidance from the GoM, the EOC and the Shelter Cluster. Selection will be done through a community-led process, targeting the most vulnerable households that have not been able to ‘self-recover’ with a durable solution.
Outcome 1: The immediate household, shelter and settlement needs of the target population are met. Output 1.1: Target populations are provided with essential household (non-food) items Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.1.1 Dispatch essential household items from warehouses (Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw, Mandalay) to affected areas x x 1.1.2 Select target households according to set criteria and prepare beneficiary lists x x 1.1.3 Distribute essential household items (including family kits and kitchen sets) x x x Output 1.2: Target populations are provided with emergency shelter materials (shelter tool kits, tarpaulins) Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.2.1 Dispatch emergency shelter items from warehouses (Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw, Mandalay) to affected areas x x x 1.2.2 Select target households according to set criteria and prepare beneficiary lists x x x 1.2.3 Distribute emergency shelter items (tarpaulins, shelter tool kits, and community shelter tool kits) x x x x 1.2.4 Organize sensitization campaigns on proper determination of sites and construction of emergency shelters as well as x x x x possible usage of unconditional cash grants to meet shelter needs Outcome 2: Remaining urgent needs are met and early recovery of targeted populations is supported Output 2.1: Target populations are provided with unconditional cash grants for meeting priority household needs Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2.1.1 Conduct market survey in project areas to ensure appropriate access to market and availability of essential items x x x 2.1.2 Select target households according to set criteria and prepare beneficiary lists x x x 2.1.3 Design encashment process and train staff and volunteers on it x x x 2.1.4 Distribute unconditional cash grants to selected households x x x x 2.1.5 Conduct post-distribution monitoring on the usage of cash transfer (covering at least 5% of target households) x x x Outcome 3: Durable shelter solutions are provided for worst-affected, most vulnerable populations P a g e | 19
Output 3.1: Target households have rebuilt their homes applying ‘building back safer’ principles Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3.1.1 Define beneficiary selection criteria based on community consultation and in line with guidance from the GoM and the x x Shelter Cluster 3.1.2 Select target households according to set criteria and prepare beneficiary lists x x x x 3.1.3 Determine the appropriate methodology (conditional cash transfers or material assistance), through community x x x consultation, to support target households to rebuild 3.1.4 Provide cash or materials assistance in tranches and undertake monitoring to approve further instalments/materials x x x x x x x 3.1.5 Organize awareness raising campaigns and training sessions on safer shelter construction techniques x x x x x x x 3.1.6 Undertake monitoring to ensure that target households have rebuilt to appropriate quality and standard x x x x x
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Food security, nutrition and livelihoods Needs analysis: Initial rapid assessments show that displaced populations in selected locations (e.g. – Hakha, Chin State) face short-term food insecurity. GoM made an early request to MRCS to meet some of this need through urgent distribution of rice. Damage and disruption to livelihoods, especially agriculture, is clear through initial assessments. It is expected that households will need support to protect and restore their livelihoods and sources of income / food production. This will contribute to the overall recovery of household economic security, as well as improving future food security directly for rural agricultural households. The GoM has expressly requested humanitarian organizations to focus on livelihoods and recovery needs, and has suggested that cash assistance is the best way to do this, as well as support the recovery of local market systems. MRCS has recent experience with them in both Rakhine and Kachin States. However, if providing cash is not appropriate due to market conditions, the resources will be used to procure and distribute productive inputs e.g. – seeds, tools to support agriculture).More detailed needs assessments will be conducted by MRCS, to guide the design and targeting of livelihoods recovery programming.
Population to be assisted: For food, 200 displaced families in urban Hakha, Chin State will be provided with rice supply. The response will move quickly into recovery, including livelihoods recovery, with 1,000 of the most vulnerable families in the worst-affected areas to be provided with conditional cash assistance – in two installments – to restart their livelihood activities. This will be part of the integrated approach to recovery.
Outcome 1: Contribute to ensuring food security of displaced urban populations Output 1.1: Target populations are provided with essential food items Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.1.1 Procure rice in nearest urban centre outside of Chin State x x 1.1.2 Coordinate with GoM for transport of rice to Hakha, Chin State x x 1.1.3 In coordination with RRD, prepare beneficiary list and distribute rice to displaced population x x Outcome 2: Economic security of the targeted worst-affected households is restored Output 2.1: Households restart income generating activities Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2.1.1 Conduct market survey to ensure that local markets are accessible to potential beneficiaries, and able to supply necessary x x x livelihoods inputs 2.1.2 Agree criteria to select the most vulnerable households (with community participation) and select beneficiaries x x x x x 2.1.3 Conduct a baseline survey of household income and expenditure x x x 2.1.3 Engage beneficiaries in business plan process (including agriculture and livestock as well as small business) x x x x x x x 2.1.4 Provide conditional cash transfers in two instalments to support beneficiaries to carry out their business plan (note – x x x x x x x resources may be diverted to procurement and distribution of inputs if more appropriate). 2.1.5 Provide small business skills training, agriculture and livestock training, as appropriate x x x x x x x 2.1.6 Undertake end-line assessment of household income and expenditure x x x
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National Society’s Institutional Preparedness and Capacity Building
Needs analysis: The response to the floods will put pressure on the capacity of MRCS and demand scaling up of staffing and other organizational components. There is, therefore, the need to allocate substantial resources in mitigating a potential negative impact on the long-term development of the National Society by putting deliberate efforts to strengthen the institutional preparedness capacity of the National Society’s branches involved in the response. Since volunteers are the backbone of Red Cross service-delivery capacity, branches involved in the response will be supported to enhance their volunteer recruitment and management capacity. Branches whose office buildings have been damaged by the floods will be supported to repair or rehabilitate the crucial workspace. Furthermore, among others, the branches will be supported to enhance their capacity to deliver health services in emergencies. MRCS will be supported to enhance its institutional disaster response capacity through training of emergency response teams (both state level ERT and national NDRT) and prepositioning of stocks.
Outcome 1: National Society capacity to deliver on programmes and services in future disasters strengthened Output 1.1: MRCS branches in the flood-affected states and regions have improved volunteer management capacity Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.1.1 Undertake recruitment and orientation of volunteers (village Red Cross teams) x x x x x x 1.1.2 Provide branch staff with training in volunteer management x x x 1.1.3 Provide EVC and first aid ToT to branch volunteers Output 1.2: MRCS branches in the flood-affected states and regions have improved facilities Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.2.1 Renovate damaged office building(s) x x x x x x x x x x 1.2.2 Provide boats for transport and rescue purposes x x x x x x x x x x 1.2.3 Provide essential office equipment to branches x x x x x x x x x x Output 1.3 MRCS emergency response capacity of staff and volunteers is strengthened Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.3.1 Conduct two ERT trainings in the targeted states and two NRDT refresher trainings (national level) x x x x x x 1.3.2 Enhance links between ECV and NDRT teams x x x x x 1.3.3 Develop contingency emergency health plans for HQ and townships that are regularly affected by disasters x x x x x x x x x x 1.3.4 Enhance links between branch and township health authorities x x x x x x x x x x Output 1.4: MRCS relief response capacity is strengthened by pre-positioning of contingency relief stocks Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.4.1 Purchase and pre-position contingency relief stocks (family kits, hygiene kits and dignity kits) for 1,000 families x x x x x
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Disaster preparedness and risk reduction
Needs analysis: Myanmar is vulnerable to various disasters, including cyclones and floods. When immediate emergency and relief needs are covered, and the conditions are established, there will be the need to undertake an analysis to identify specific needs for integrated community preparedness and risk reduction. Taking into account existing capacities and needs for improvement, the analysis will be translated into an action plan for engagement over the longer period in integrated programming aimed at enhancing community resilience. Laws and regulations can have a significant impact on disaster prevention, management and response. IFRC will work with MRCS, other agencies that have an interest in the matter – including UN agencies – and government authorities with the aim of ensuring more effective international humanitarian relief, disaster risk management and recovery, through the strengthening of legal and regulatory frameworks. Specific activities will be detailed in the revised plan of action.
Population to be assisted: Detailed assessments will be undertaken to select the people and specific communities to be assisted.
Outcome 1: Communities’ resilience to disasters is protected and restored Output 1.1: Target communities have improved knowledge and skills to assess risk, plan and implement disaster risks management measures Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.1.1 Conduct awareness raising sessions on preventable risks in target communities x x x x x x x x x x 1.1.2 Facilitate community-based risk reduction (CBRR) planning process in target communities x x x x x x x 1.1.3 Support communities to organize and mobilize for CBRR action x x x x x x x 1.1.4 Support implementation of climate-smart disaster mitigation measures at community level x x x x x x x Output 1.2: Legal Frameworks for disaster risk reduction, preparedness and response are strengthened Activities planned Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.2.1 Support efforts aimed at strengthening the national legal framework for international disaster assistance and disaster risk x x x x x x x x x x x x reduction, including development of specialized customs procedure
Budget EMERGENCY APPEAL 11/08/2015
MDRMM006: Myanmar Floods
Multilateral Inter-Agency Appeal Budget Response Shelter Coord. CHF Budget Group Shelter - Relief 275,000 275,000
Construction - Housing 375,000 375,000
Clothing & Textiles 40,000 40,000
Food 7,000 7,000
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene 523,500 523,500
Medical & First Aid 44,470 44,470
Utensils & Tools 24,000 24,000
Other Supplies & Services 443,640 443,640
Cash Disbursements 370,000 370,000
Total RELIEF ITEMS, CONSTRUCTION AND SUPPLIES 2,102,610 0 2,102,610 Vehicles 10,000 10,000
Computer & Telecom Equipment 18,000 4,000 22,000 Total LAND, VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT 28,000 4,000 32,000 Storage, Warehousing 2,500 2,500
Distribution & Monitoring 78,000 78,000
Transport & Vehicle Costs 34,800 12,300 47,100 Logistics Services 22,500 22,500
Total LOGISTICS, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE 137,800 12,300 150,100 International Staff 231,000 150,900 381,900
National Staff 1,500 5,500 7,000
National Society Staff 197,180 197,180
Volunteers 61,200 61,200
Total PERSONNEL 490,880 156,400 647,280 Consultants 9,000 51,300 60,300
Total CONSULTANTS & PROFESSIONAL FEES 9,000 51,300 60,300 Workshops & Training 79,275 79,275
Total WORKSHOP & TRAINING 79,275 0 79,275 Travel 172,250 10,750 183,000
Information & Public Relations 111,295 111,295
Office Costs 41,360 3,800 45,160
Communications 14,400 4,250 18,650
Financial Charges 8,580 8,580
Other General Expenses 185,929 5,600 191,529
Shared Office and Services Costs 24,444 24,444
Total GENERAL EXPENDITURES 558,258 24,400 582,658 Programme and Services Support Recovery 221,378 16,146 237,524 Total INDIRECT COSTS 221,378 16,146 237,524
TOTAL BUDGET 3,627,201 264,546 3,891,747
ANNEX 2: ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS
Assumptions and risks table
LIST IF SPECIFIC ASSUMPTIONS & CAN CONTROL; MITIGATE / AFFECTED RISKS INFLUENCE; OR ONLY FACTOR-IN
SECTORS OR Impact Likelihood STATE ‘ALL’ Adequate support (technical, material, and financial) is All M M Can mitigate available for the operation Future disasters do not impact upon the same areas affected Factor into NS Institutional Preparedness and by the quake and/or different All L M Disaster Risk Reduction areas, distracting resources and implementation schedules Access and logistics for delivery of materials, including to remote locations, is not All M M Factor into logistics planning hampered by bad weather conditions
Contact information For further information specifically related to this plan of action, please contact: In Myanmar Red Cross Society: U Khin Maung Hla, Secretary General; email: [email protected] U Maung Maung Khin, Director of DM; email: [email protected]
In IFRC Myanmar Country Office: Udaya Regmi, Head of Delegation; [email protected] Richard Casagrande, DM Adviser; email: [email protected] Nicolas Verdy, Surge Operations Manager; email: [email protected]
In IFRC South-East Asia regional office: Anne Leclerc, Head of Regional Delegation; email: [email protected]
In IFRC Asia Pacific zone office, Kuala Lumpur: Martin Faller, Head of Operations; email: [email protected] Necephor Mghendi, Operations Coordinator; email: [email protected]
For resource mobilization and pledges: Nathan Rabe, Humanitarian Diplomacy Coordinator; email: [email protected] Please send all pledges for funding to [email protected]
For in-kind donations: Alka Kapoor Sharma, Head of Zone Logistics Unit, email: [email protected]
For communications enquiries: Patrick Fuller, Communications Manager; email: [email protected]
For planning, monitoring, evaluation and reporting (PMER) enquiries Peter Ophoff, Head of PMER, email: [email protected]
In IFRC Geneva: Christine South, Operations Quality Assurance Senior Officer; email: [email protected]
Click here 1. Emergency Appeal budget above 2. Map below 3. Click here to return to the title page
How we work All IFRC assistance seeks to adhere to the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s) in Disaster Relief and the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response (Sphere) in delivering assistance to the most vulnerable.
The IFRC’s vision is to inspire, encourage, facilitate and promote at all times all forms of humanitarian activities by National Societies, with a view to preventing and alleviating human suffering, and thereby contributing to the maintenance and promotion of human dignity and peace in the world.
MDRMM006 FL-2015-000080-MMR & FL-2015-000089-MMR 11 August 2015 Myanmar: Floods
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Sagaing Kale Division
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a Chin d y State
Maungdaw Myanmarr Buthidaung Mandalay Division
Kyauktaw
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Minbya Pwintbyu Ponnagyun Magway Rakhine Division State
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Bago S Kayin 0 50 100 Division KM (East) State I
Targeted townships (MRCS & IFRC) Targeted townships (MRCS & ICRC) Affected states/regions
The maps used do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies or National Societies concerning the legal status of a territory or of its authorities. Map data sources:ESRI, DEVINFO, International Federation - MDRMM005.mxd