Electrification 2017 Annual Progress Report Vehicle Technologies Office (This page intentionally left blank) FY 2017 Annual Progress Report Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Disclaimer i Acronyms and Abbreviations A AC Alternating Current ACC Adaptive Cruise Control accel Acceleration ACS Advanced Combustion Systems ACSforEVER Advanced Climate Systems for EV Extended Range AER All-electric range AFV Alternative Fuel Vehicle AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure AMT Automated Mechanical Transmission ANL Argonne National Laboratory ANN Artificial Neural Network AOI Areas of Interest APEC Asia Pacific Economic Council APRF Advanced Powertrain Research Facility APT Pressure Sensor ASD Aftermarket Safety Device AVTA Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity AVTE Advanced Vehicle Testing and Evaluation B BaSce Baseline and Scenario Batt Battery BEB Battery Next-Generation Electric Transit Bus BEC Bussed Electrical Center ii Acronyms and Abbreviations FY 2017 Annual Progress Report BEMS Building Energy Management System BET Battery Electric Truck BEV Battery Electric Vehicle BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke AG BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption BTE Brake Thermal Efficiency C CAC Charge Air Cooler CACC Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control CAE Computer-Aided Engineering CAFE Corporate Average Fuel Economy CAN Controller Area Network CAV Connected and automated vehicles CARB California Air Resources Board CBD Central Business District CCS Combined Charging System CW, CCW Clockwise, Counter Clockwise CD Charge-Depleting CERV Conference on Electric Roads and Vehicles CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics CFDC Commercial Fleet Data Center CFL Combined Fluid Loop CH4 Methane CHTS California Household Travel Survey CIP Common Integration Platform Cm3 Cubic CNG Compressed Natural Gas CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide Acronyms and Abbreviations iii COMM Commuter Conv Conventional Vehicle COP Coefficient of Performance CRADA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement CS Charge Sustaining Cs Cold start CV Conventional vehicle D D3 Downloadable Dynamometer Database DC Direct current DCFC Direct Current Fast Charge DCT Dual-clutch transmission decel Deceleration DER Distributed energy resource DFGM Digital Flux Gate Magnetometer DFMEA Design of Failure Modes Analysis DOE U.S. Department of Energy DOHC Dual overhead cam DS Down speeding DSM Distributed Security Module DSM Diagnostic Security Module DSP Digital Signal Processor DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communications dt Change in time dv Change in velocity Dyno Dynamometer E EAVS Electrically Assisted Variable Speed Supercharger EC European Commission iv Acronyms and Abbreviations FY 2017 Annual Progress Report EDV Electric Drive Vehicle EDT Electric Drive Technologies EDX Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy EERE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation EG/W Ethylene glycol/water EOL End of life EPA Environmental Protection Agency ePATHS Electrical PCM Assisted Thermal Heating System EREV Extended-Range Electric Vehicles ESIF Energy Systems Integration Facility ESS Energy Storage System ETT Electric Transportation Technologies E-TREE Electric Truck with Range Extending Engine EUMD End-Use Measurement Device EV Electric Vehicle EV2G Electric Vehicle-to-Grid EVSE Electric Vehicle Service Equipment EXV Electronic Expansion Valve F F Force FASTSim Future Automotive Systems Technology Simulator FC Fuel cell FC Fast charge FCons Fuel consumption FCTO Fuel Cell Technologies Office FE Fuel Economy FEA Finite Element Analysis FEX Front-end Heat Exchanger Acronyms and Abbreviations v FHWA Federal Highway Administration FLNA Frito-Lay North America FM Friction Modifier FMEP Friction Mean Effective Pressure FOA Funding Opportunity Announcement FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTP Federal Test Procedure FWD Four wheel drive FY Fiscal year G g gram GB Gigabyte GCEDV Grid Connected Electrical Drive Vehicles GEM Gas Emissions Model GHG Greenhouse Gas GITT Grid Interaction Tech Team GMLC Grid Modernization Lab Consortium GnPs graphene nanoplatelets GO Graphene Oxide GPRA Government Performance and Results Act GPS Global Positioning System GREET Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation GSF1 Generic Speed Form 1 GSU Grid side unit GUI Graphic User Interface GVW Gross Vehicle Weight vi Acronyms and Abbreviations FY 2017 Annual Progress Report H h-APU hybrid Auxiliary Power Unit HATCI Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc. HC Unburned hydrocarbons HD Heavy Duty HEV Hybrid-Electric Vehicle H-GAC Houston-Galveston Area Council HHDDT Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck HHV Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle HIL Hardware-In-the-Loop HP Heat Pump Hp Horsepower HTML HyperText Markup Language HV High Voltage HVAC Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning HWFET Highway Fuel Economy Test HPMS Highway Performance Monitoring System HVTB High Voltage Traction Battery HWY Highway Program or Highway Fuel Economy Test Cycle HPC High Performance Computing HTR Heater Hz Hertz I I Inertia IC Internal Combustion ICD Interim Component Durability ICDV Internal Combustion Drive Vehicles ICE Internal Combustion Engine ICTF Intermodal Container Transfer Facility Acronyms and Abbreviations vii ICU Inverter-Charger Unit IEB Information Exchange Bus IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors IHX Internal Heat Exchanger INL Idaho National Laboratory INTEGRATE Integrated Network Testbed for Energy Grid Research and Technology IOT Internet of Things IR Infrared Radiation ISO International Organization for Standardization ITS Intelligent Transportation Systems J JIT Just-in-Time K kg Kilogram km Kilometer kW Kilowatt kWh Kilowatt hour L L litre L1 Level 1 benchmark L2 Level 2 benchmark Lbf Pounds force LCC Liquid-Cooled Condenser LD Light-duty LH line haul Li Lithium LIB Lithium ion battery viii Acronyms and Abbreviations FY 2017 Annual Progress Report LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LTC Lockport Technical Center LV Leading Vehicle M M Mass MBSE Model Based System Engineering MD Medium Duty mpg Miles per gallon MMTCE Million Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent MIIT Ministry of Industry and Information Technology mi Mile MJ Megajoules MOSFET Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor mph Miles per hour MPGe, MPGGe Miles per gallon equivalent, Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent MTDC Medium Truck Duty Cycle MOVES Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator MRF Moving Reference Frame MURECP Medium-Duty Urban Range Extended Connected Powertrain MY Model year M2 Meters squared N NACFE North American Council for Freight Efficiency NDA Non-Disclosure Agreement NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory NHTS National Household Travel Survey NHTSA National Highway Transportation Safety Administration NM Newton meters NOx Nitrogen oxides Acronyms and Abbreviations ix NR Natural Rubber NRE Non Recurring Engineering NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory NRT National Retail Trucking NVH Noise, vibration, and harshness NVUSD Napa Valley Unified School District NYSERDA New York State Energy Research Development Authority O OBC On-board charger OCBC Orange County Bus Cycle OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer OneSAF One Semi-Automated Forces ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratories P P Active Power PC Polycarbonate PCM Phase-Change Material PCU Power Control Unit PCU Powertrain Control Unit PEEM Power Electronics and Electric Motor PFC Power factor correction PFI Port fuel injection PGW Pittsburgh Glass Works PHEV Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle PHEV## Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with ## miles of all-electric range PI Principal Investigator PM Permanent Magnet PM Particulate Matter ppm Parts per Million x Acronyms and Abbreviations FY 2017 Annual Progress Report PTC Positive Temperature Coefficient (Electric Heater) PTO Power Take-Off PVP Polyvinylpyrrolidone PWWMD Public Works and Waste Management Department λ Power Factor φ Power Angle Q Q Reactive power QA Quality assurance QC Quality control R R2 Coefficient of Determination R/D Receiver / Dryer REV New York State’s Reforming the Energy Vision Initiative REx Range Extending Engine rGO reduced graphene oxide RH Relative Humidity RMS Root Mean Square ROL Ring-On-Liner rpm Revolutions Per Minute RSU Road Side Unit RWDC Real-World Drive-Cycle S S Apparent power SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SBR Styrene-Butadiene Rubber SC03 SC03 Supplemental Federal Test Procedure SCAG Southern California Association of Governments Acronyms and Abbreviations xi SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District SCIG Southern California International Gateway SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction SDO Standards Definition Organizations SI Système International