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Estado Del Arte En Cuanto a Tendencias Y Modelos Para El Transporte Sostenible, Aplicables a Un Sistema Estratégico De Transporte Público En Colombia

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Estado Del Arte En Cuanto a Tendencias Y Modelos Para El Transporte Sostenible, Aplicables a Un Sistema Estratégico De Transporte Público En Colombia Estado del arte en cuanto a tendencias y modelos para el transporte sostenible, aplicables a un Sistema Estratégico de Transporte Público en Colombia Catherine Alape Yara Ruddy Vanessa Rey Flórez Universidad de Ibagué Facultad de Ingeniería Programa Ingeniería Industrial Ibagué - Colombia 2019 Estado del arte en cuanto a tendencias y modelos para el transporte sostenible, aplicables a un Sistema Estratégico de Transporte Público en Colombia Catherine Alape Yara Ruddy Vanessa Rey Flórez Trabajo de investigación presentado como requisito parcial para optar al título de: Ingeniero Industrial Director (a): Doctor Carlos Antonio Meisel Donoso Codirector (a): Universidad de Ibagué Facultad de Ingeniería Programa Ingeniería Industrial Ibagué - Colombia 2019 Agradecimientos En primer lugar, queremos agradecer a Dios por apoyarnos, guiarnos fortalecernos en cada paso de nuestro camino. De igual forma, a aquellas personas que estuvieron presentes en la realización de esta meta, tan importante para nosotras, que inició como un sueño y que hoy gracias a Dios se está haciendo realidad, por sus palabras motivadoras, sus conocimientos y sus consejos, que nos ayudaron en la culminación de la carrera. Nuestros sinceros agradecimientos al ingeniero Carlos Antonio Meisel Donoso que, con su amplio conocimiento y experiencia, nos orientó al correcto desarrollo y culminación de este trabajo. A nuestros compañeros, por toda su colaboración, por convivir todo este tiempo con nosotras, por compartir experiencias, alegrías, tristezas y múltiples factores que ayudaron a fortalecer nuestra amistad, más que una amistad creamos una familia que está llena de confianza y comprensión. Por último, queremos agradecer a la base de todo, a nuestras familias, en especial a nuestros padres, que con sus consejos fueron el motor de arranque y nuestra constante motivación, fueron un apoyo incondicional para este proceso, muchas gracias por su paciencia, comprensión y amor. ¡Muchas gracias por todo! 4 Estado del arte en cuanto a tendencias y modelos para el transporte sostenible, aplicables a los Sistemas Estratégicos de Transporte Público -SETP- en Colombia Contenido Pág. Introducción .................................................................................................................................. 8 1. Planteamiento del Problema y su Justificación ................................................................ 9 2. Objetivos .............................................................................................................................. 11 2.1 Objetivo General ............................................................................................................ 11 2.2 Objetivos Específicos ..................................................................................................... 11 3. Metodología ......................................................................................................................... 12 4. Tendencias y Modelos del Transporte Sostenible .......................................................... 13 4.1 Tendencias ..................................................................................................................... 15 4.1.1 Transporte alternativo................................................................................................. 16 4.1.2 Electromovilidad (movilidad eléctrica) ........................................................................ 19 4.1.3 Movilidad a Gas Natural ............................................................................................. 24 4.1.4 Sistemas futuristas ..................................................................................................... 27 4.2 Modelos de Transporte Sostenible ................................................................................ 29 4.2.1 Asignación de tráfico .................................................................................................. 29 4.2.2 Conducción eficiente .................................................................................................. 30 4.2.3 Seguridad vial ............................................................................................................. 30 4.2.4 Planes de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PMUS) ...................................................... 30 4.2.5 Modelos econométricos ............................................................................................. 31 5. Sistema de Transporte Sostenible: Casos Exitosos de Implementación .................... 32 5.1 Europa ............................................................................................................................ 32 5.2 Latinoamérica ................................................................................................................. 37 6. Tendencias y Modelos del Transporte Sostenible Aplicables al SETP de Ibagué ...... 41 6.1 Composición del SETP ...................................................................................................... 42 6.1.1 Principios .................................................................................................................... 43 6.1.2 Elementos ................................................................................................................... 43 6.1.3 Componentes ............................................................................................................. 43 6.1.4 Actores ........................................................................................................................ 44 6.1.5 Funcionamiento .......................................................................................................... 45 6.2 SETP en Ibagué .................................................................................................................. 47 6.3 Tendencias Sostenibles Aplicables al SETP en Ibagué .................................................... 47 6.4 Modelos de transporte sostenible aplicables a los SEPT en Ibagué ................................. 50 7. Conclusiones y Recomendaciones................................................................................... 52 7.1 Conclusiones .................................................................................................................. 52 7.2 Recomendaciones ......................................................................................................... 53 Referencias .................................................................................................................................. 55 5 Estado del arte en cuanto a tendencias y modelos para el transporte sostenible, aplicables a los Sistemas Estratégicos de Transporte Público -SETP- en Colombia Lista de figuras Figura 1. Tendencias en el transporte sostenible ....................................................................... 16 Figura 2. Tendencias en el transporte alternativo ....................................................................... 16 Figura 3. Buses BRT .................................................................................................................... 16 Figura 4. Aeromovel – Brasil ....................................................................................................... 17 Figura 5. Metro Bangalore (india) ................................................................................................ 17 Figura 6. Tranvía de Burdeos - Francia....................................................................................... 17 Figura 7. Metrocable, Medellín, Colombia .................................................................................. 17 Figura 8. Transporte en bicicleta ................................................................................................. 18 Figura 9. Peatones en el cruce de carreteras en diagonal en Oxford Circus en Londres ......... 18 Figura 10. Carsharing .................................................................................................................. 18 Figura 11. Motosharing ................................................................................................................ 18 Figura 12. Carpooling .................................................................................................................. 19 Figura 13. Punto de bikesharing - Universidad Nacional de Colombia ...................................... 19 Figura 14. Tendencia electromovilidad........................................................................................ 19 Figura 15. Vehículo eléctrico puro (EV)....................................................................................... 20 Figura 16. Vehículo eléctrico de batería (BEV) ........................................................................... 20 Figura 17. Vehículo eléctrico hibrido (HEV) ................................................................................ 20 Figura 18. Vehículo híbrido eléctrico enchufable (PHEV) ........................................................... 20 Figura 19. Motocicletas eléctricas de dos ruedas ...................................................................... 21 Figura 20. Camión de basura en Barcelona ............................................................................... 21 Figura 21. Camiones y tractocamiones eléctricos ..................................................................... 21 Figura 22. Furgones eléctricos ..................................................................................................
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