Sustainable Rural Sanitation Services Program for Results
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SUSTAINABLE RURAL SANITATION SERVICES Public Disclosure Authorized PROGRAM FOR RESULTS Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Systems Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized Final Draft Report Public Disclosure Authorized April 2015 1 Table of Contents List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 30 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 30 1.2 The National Program ................................................................................................................. 30 1.3 The PforR Boundaries ................................................................................................................. 32 1.4 Objectives of the ESSA ................................................................................................................ 34 1.5 Methodology of the ESSA ........................................................................................................... 34 1.5.1 Screening of Environmental and Social Effects According to O.P 9.00 Tool ....................... 34 1.5.2 Timeline and Approach to Consultations ............................................................................ 35 1.5.3 Summary of the main consultation activities .................................................................... 37 2 Program Description ........................................................................................................................... 44 2.1 Program Development Objectives .............................................................................................. 44 2.2 Program Scope and Interventions .............................................................................................. 44 2.2.1 Result Area 1: Improved Sanitation Access (rehabilitated, extended, and new facilities) . 44 2.2.2 Result Area 2: Improved Operational Systems and Practices of WSCs............................... 45 2.2.3 Result Area 3: Strengthened National Sector Framework .................................................. 47 2.3 Institutional Set-up ..................................................................................................................... 47 2.4 Disbursement Linked Indicators ................................................................................................. 48 3 Description of the Existing Environmental and Social Management System ..................................... 50 3.1 Policy and Legislation .................................................................................................................. 50 3.1.1 Environmental Assessment ................................................................................................. 50 3.1.2 Effluent Standards ............................................................................................................... 53 3.1.3 Handling of Sludge .............................................................................................................. 56 3.1.4 Management of Sewerage Networks ................................................................................. 57 3.1.5 Handling of Septage ............................................................................................................ 58 3.1.6 Handling of Hazardous Substances ..................................................................................... 58 2 3.1.7 Solid Waste Management ................................................................................................... 59 3.1.8 Air Quality ........................................................................................................................... 59 3.1.9 Noise ................................................................................................................................... 60 3.1.10 Health and Safety ................................................................................................................ 60 3.1.11 Natural Habitats .................................................................................................................. 61 3.1.12 Cultural Heritage ................................................................................................................. 61 3.1.13 Land tenure and Related Laws to Land Expropriation in Egypt ......................................... 62 3.1.14 Decrees and procedures for regulating households’ connection fees ............................... 67 3.2 HCWW/WSCs Environmental and Social Management Procedures .......................................... 67 3.2.1 Organizational Set-up for managing the environmental and social issues......................... 68 3.2.2 Environmental Licensing and Follow-up Procedures .......................................................... 74 3.2.3 Land Acquisition Procedures ............................................................................................... 75 3.2.4 Procedures for Connecting Sewers ..................................................................................... 80 3.2.5 Procedures for O&M Affecting Water Quality .................................................................... 81 3.2.6 Procedures for the Management of Septage ..................................................................... 83 3.2.7 Procedures for the Management of Sludge ........................................................................ 83 3.2.8 Procedures for engaging with communities ........................................................................ 83 3.2.9 Procedures for Handling H&S Risks .................................................................................... 85 3.2.10 Procedures for Grievances Redress .................................................................................... 85 4 Program Environmental and Social Benefits, Risks and Impacts ........................................................ 87 4.1 Screening of Category “A” - Type Interventions ......................................................................... 87 4.2 Risks Screening against OP.9.00 Core Principals ......................................................................... 91 4.3 Environmental Benefits, Risks and Impacts ................................................................................ 97 4.3.1 Environmental Benefits ....................................................................................................... 97 4.3.2 Environmental Risks ............................................................................................................ 98 4.3.3 Environmental Impacts ....................................................................................................... 99 4.4 Social Benefits, Risks and Impacts ........................................................................................... 100 4.4.1 Social benefits ................................................................................................................... 100 4.4.2 Social Risks ....................................................................................................................... 104 4.4.3 Social impacts ................................................................................................................... 109 3 5 Program Capacity and Performance Assessment and Gap Identification ........................................ 110 5.1 Performance of WSCs with regard to legal and regulatory framework ................................... 110 5.1.1 Performance of WSCs with regard to the legal and regulatory framework on environmental aspects 110 5.1.2 Performance of WSCs with regard to the legal and regulatory framework on land acquisition ......................................................................................................................................... 111 5.1.3 Performance of WSCs with regard to the legal and regulatory framework on community engagement ....................................................................................................................................... 112 5.1.4 Performance of WSCs with regard to the legal and regulatory framework on grievance mechanism: ....................................................................................................................................... 114 5.2 Adequacy of institutional arrangements and capacity .............................................................. 115 5.2.1 Adequacy of institutional arrangements and capacity on environmental aspects ............. 115 5.2.2 Adequacy of institutional arrangements and capacity on land acquisition ....................... 117 5.2.3 Adequacy of institutional arrangements and capacity on community engagement .......... 117 5.2.4 Adequacy of institutional arrangements and capacity on grievance redress mechanism .. 119 6 Recommended Actions to Address Identified Risks and Gaps .................................................... 120 6.1 Actions to address identified Environmental Risks and Gaps .................................................. 120 6.1.1 Implementation support