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Osbornellus Auronitens (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), An 551 Osbornellus auronitens (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), an introduced species new for the Palaearctic region Valeria Trivellone,1 Milana Mitrović, Christopher H. Dietrich, Ivo Toševski Abstract—The introduction of invasive species may result in important ecological, environmental, and economic impacts. Extensive study of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera) fauna in a wine-growing region in southern Switzerland revealed, for the first time, presence of the Nearctic leafhopper Osbornellus auronitens (Provancher) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the vicinity of Stabio (Canton of Ticino). The species identity of the collected specimens was confirmed using morphological and molecular characters. All specimens of O. auronitens were collected in a forest of Castanea sativa Miller (Fagaceae), Corylus avellana Linnaeus (Betulaceae), and Alnus glutinosa (Linnaeus) Gaertner (Betulaceae) intermixed with Cornus sanguinea Linnaeus (Cornaceae), Salix Linnaeus (Salicaceae), and Rubus Linnaeus (Rosaceae). In its native range this leafhopper is polyphagous and a relatively common visitor in vineyards. Based on analysis of the barcoding region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene of the collected O. auronitens, 100% identity with specimens of the same species originating from Canada was determined. Osbornellus auronitens is morphologically similar to Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), another introduced Nearctic leafhopper, which was involved in severe outbreaks of disease caused by the Grapevine flavescence dorée phytoplasma (Bacteria: Acholeplasmataceae) in European viticultural regions since the 1960s. In this paper, we report the morphological features to distinguish O. auronitens from S. titanus, and discuss the possible implications of its expected spread across the Old World. Introduction population growth due to a lack of natural enemies that regulate their populations in their According to the results of the Delivering Alien native areas, also referred to as enemy release Invasive Species Inventory for Europe project hypothesis (Keane and Crawley 2002). (Roques et al. 2009), alien insects and other According to Roques et al. (2009), a total of terrestrial arthropods are the most numerous 1296 alien terrestrial invertebrates originating invaders in Europe, manifesting various effects, from other continents are documented to have particularly in agricultural and forest ecosystems. established in Europe; of which arthropods, Impacts range from the negative environmental mostly insects, represent 94% of the introduced effects commonly combined with economic species. The number of introduced species is losses, to negative social impacts when they affect probably even higher, taking into account the fact a human well being (Binimelis et al. 2007). that identification and recognition of newly Once established into a new environment, alien introduced alien species is often delayed until terrestrial arthropods, especially insects, may populations of introduced insects become well undergo rapid dispersal followed by exponential established and begin producing distinct Received 19 October 2016. Accepted 20 December 2016. First published online 20 March 2017. V. Trivellone,1 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research (WSL), Biodiversity and Con- servation Biology, Zürchertrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland; and Agroscope Swiss Federal Research Station, A Ramél 18, Cadenazzo 6594, Switzerland M. Mitrović, Department of Plant Pests, Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, Zemun 11080, Serbia C.H. Dietrich, Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, United States of America I. Toševski, Department of Plant Pests, Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, Zemun 11080, Serbia; and CABI, 1 Rue des Grillons, Delémont 2800, Switzerland 1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]). Subject editor: Rob Johns doi:10.4039/tce.2017.7 Can. Entomol. 149: 551–559 (2017) © 2017 Entomological Society of Canada Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Athens, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:50:59, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2017.7 552 Can. Entomol. Vol. 149, 2017 environmental or economic impacts. Lack of and the massive secretion of epicuticular wax and taxonomic expertise in determination of the alien honeydew favour the development of fungal diseases species may cause delays in recognition of the in the affected plants (Byrne and Bellows 1991). taxa, especially with regards to native and/or In the present paper, we document for the previously introduced congeneric species with first time a species of the genus Osbornellus high morphological similarity. Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) identified as Over the past 50 years, several alien species Osbornellus auronitens (Provancher) introduced in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera) to the Palaearctic from the Nearctic region based originating from the Nearctic Region caused on morphological and molecular evidence. We various negative impacts in Europe by inducing report morphological features to distinguish it substantial economic losses and environmental from the most closely related species in Europe, disturbance (Arzone et al. 1987; Foissac and S. titanus. Finally, we discuss the possible impli- Wilson 2009). The most striking example is a cations of its expected spread across the Old North American leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus World and possible interactions with native plants Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), which was first in its new environment. reported in 1958 in the vineyards of southwestern France (Bonfils and Schvester 1960). The species quickly spread to southeastern France (Schvester Materials and methods et al. 1963), northwestern Italy (Vidano 1964), and southern Switzerland (Baggiolini et al. 1968). Insect sampling Presently, S. titanus colonises vineyards in all During extensive study of Auchenorhyncha Mediterranean countries including the temperate fauna in a wine-growing region in Canton Ticino regions of Austria and southeastern Europe. (Southern Switzerland), a total of three males of a Introduced from eastern parts of North America to leafhopper species resembling Scaphoideus were Europe (Papura et al. 2012), this leafhopper collected on 11 August 2016 in a woody patch became a causal vector in transmission of a scattered within a wine-growing area (Stabio, quarantine disease, Grapevine flavescence dorée 45°51'17.2'N, 8°55'38.1'E). At the collection (Bacteria: Acholeplasmataceae) (Caudwell et al. site, Castanea sativa Miller (Fagaceae), Corylus 1970), caused by a phytoplasma belonging to the avelana Linnaeus (Betulaceae), and Alnus 16SrV taxonomic group (Angelini et al. 2004; glutinosa (Linnaeus) Gaertner (Betulaceae) are Arnaud et al. 2007). It is worth noting that species the dominant trees intermixed with scarce Cornus of the genus Scaphoideus Uhler are also sanguinea Linnaeus (Cornaceae), Salix Linnaeus considered as potential vectors in transmitting (Salicaceae), and Rubus Linnaeus (Rosaceae). diverse phytoplasma diseases in North America The site was revisited on 7 and 9 September, and (Hill and Sinclair 2000; Beanland et al. 2006). In three more specimens (two females and one male) several large and small outbreaks from 1970 to belonging to the same species were collected. All 2006, Grapevine flavescence dorée severely specimens were collected using a sweep net and affected vineyards in France, Spain, Portugal, mouth aspirators. Italy, and Serbia causing major economic losses due to deleterious effects on grapevine and the Morphological study costs of control measures against the vector and The abdomen of a voucher specimen desig- disease spread. nated as Oa1 (male) was dissected to study the Another well-known exotic species is the genitalia (Knight 1965), thereafter identified by planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa (Say) (Hemiptera: using published taxonomic keys and related Flatidae), also introduced from North America into literature (Beamer 1937; DeLong and Knull 1941; the Mediterranean and temperate regions of Europe DeLong 1941a; DeLong and Martinson 1976a, (Zangheri and Donadini 1980). Besides the great 1976b; Dlabola 1984, 1987a, 1987b). Photographs invasiveness of this planthopper in Europe, its were taken with a Leica MC 170AD digital camera presence is associated with serious damage to on the Leica M165C stereomicroscope (Wetzlar, various field crops, gardens, and ornamental plants. Germany). Terminology follows Viraktamath and The gregarious feeding behaviour of its nymphs Mohan (2004). Voucher specimen Oa1 is deposited © 2017 Entomological Society of Canada Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Athens, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:50:59, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2017.7 Trivellone et al. 553 in the collection of the Natural History Museum in from Churchill, Prince Edward Island, Canada Lugano (Canton Ticino, Switzerland). The rest of (Gwiazdowski et al. 2015). the sampled material is deposited in the private collection of the first author. Osbornellus auronitens (Provancher) Material examined. Four males (designated Molecular analysis as voucher specimens Oa1–Oa4), Stabio, For molecular analysis, DNA was extracted Ticino, Switzerland (45°51'17.2'N, 8°55'38.1'E), from a voucher
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