Extract from Clinical Evaluation: Meningococcal Group B Vaccine

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Extract from Clinical Evaluation: Meningococcal Group B Vaccine AusPAR Attachment 2 Extract from the Clinical Evaluation Report for Records -Meningococcal group B vaccine Proprietary Product Name: Trumenba Sponsor: Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd 30 October 2016 Therapeutic Goods Administration About the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) · The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) is part of the Australian Government Department of Health, and is responsible for regulating medicines and medical devices. · The TGA administers the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 (the Act), applying a risk management approach designed to ensure therapeutic goods supplied in Australia meet acceptable standards of quality, safety and efficacy (performance), when necessary. · The work of the TGA is based on applying scientific and clinical expertise to decision- making, to ensure that the benefits to consumers outweigh any risks associated with the use of medicines and medical devices. · The TGA relies on the public, healthcare professionals and industry to report problems with medicines or medical devices. TGA investigates reports received by it to determine any necessary regulatory action. · To report a problem with a medicine or medical device, please see the information on the TGA website <https://www.tga.gov.au>. About the Extract from the Clinical Evaluation Report · This document provides a more detailed evaluation of the clinical findings, extracted from the Clinical Evaluation Report (CER) prepared by the TGA. This extract does not include sections from the CER regarding product documentation or post market activities. · The words [Information redacted], where they appear in this document, indicate that confidential information has been deleted. · For the most recent Product Information (PI), please refer to the TGA website <https://www.tga.gov.au/product-information-pi>. Copyright © Commonwealth of Australia 2018 This work is copyright. You may reproduce the whole or part of this work in unaltered form for your own personal use or, if you are part of an organisation, for internal use within your organisation, but only if you or your organisation do not use the reproduction for any commercial purpose and retain this copyright notice and all disclaimer notices as part of that reproduction. Apart from rights to use as permitted by the Copyright Act 1968 or allowed by this copyright notice, all other rights are reserved and you are not allowed to reproduce the whole or any part of this work in any way (electronic or otherwise) without first being given specific written permission from the Commonwealth to do so. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights are to be sent to the TGA Copyright Officer, Therapeutic Goods Administration, PO Box 100, Woden ACT 2606 or emailed to < [email protected]>. Attachment 2 – AusPAR - Trumenba - Meningococcal group B vaccine - Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd - PM-2016- Page 2 of 72 02079-1-2 - Extract from the Clinical Evaluation Report FINAL 27 August 2018 Therapeutic Goods Administration Contents List of abbreviations __________________________________________________________ 5 1. Introduction _____________________________________________________________ 10 1.1. Submission type ___________________________________________________________ 10 1.2. Drug class and therapeutic indication ___________________________________ 10 1.3. Dosage forms and strengths ______________________________________________ 10 1.4. Dosage and administration _______________________________________________ 10 1.5. Information on the condition being treated _____________________________ 10 1.6. Current treatment options and clinical rationale _______________________ 10 2. Clinical rationale _______________________________________________________ 11 3. Contents of the clinical dossier ______________________________________ 11 3.1. Scope of the clinical dossier _______________________________________________ 11 3.2. Paediatric data _____________________________________________________________ 11 3.3. Good clinical practice ______________________________________________________ 11 4. Pharmacokinetics ______________________________________________________ 12 5. Pharmacodynamics ____________________________________________________ 12 6. Dosage selection for the pivotal studies ___________________________ 12 6.1. Evaluator’s conclusions on dose finding for the pivotal studies _______ 13 7. Clinical efficacy _________________________________________________________ 13 7.1. Pivotal or main efficacy studies___________________________________________ 14 7.2. Other efficacy studies _____________________________________________________ 37 7.3. Analyses performed across trials: pooled and meta-analyses _________ 47 7.4. Evaluator’s conclusions on clinical efficacy ______________________________ 48 8. Clinical safety ___________________________________________________________ 50 8.1. Studies providing evaluable safety data _________________________________ 50 8.2. Studies that assessed safety as the sole primary outcome _____________ 50 8.3. Patient exposure ___________________________________________________________ 51 8.4. Adverse events _____________________________________________________________ 52 8.5. Evaluation of issues with possible regulatory impact __________________ 66 8.6. Other safety issues _________________________________________________________ 67 8.7. Post marketing experience________________________________________________ 67 8.8. Evaluator’s overall conclusions on clinical safety _______________________ 68 9. First round benefit-risk assessment ________________________________ 69 9.1. First round assessment of benefits _______________________________________ 69 9.2. First round assessment of risks __________________________________________ 70 Attachment 2 – AusPAR - Trumenba - Meningococcal group B vaccine - Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd - PM-2016- Page 3 of 72 02079-1-2 - Extract from the Clinical Evaluation Report FINAL 27 August 2018 Therapeutic Goods Administration 9.3. First round assessment of benefit-risk balance _________________________ 71 10. First round recommendation regarding authorisation _______ 71 11. Clinical questions ____________________________________________________ 71 12. References ____________________________________________________________ 71 Attachment 2 – AusPAR - Trumenba - Meningococcal group B vaccine - Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd - PM-2016- Page 4 of 72 02079-1-2 - Extract from the Clinical Evaluation Report FINAL 27 August 2018 Therapeutic Goods Administration List of abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning 1/dil 4 reciprocal of dilution Ab antibody CMenB Multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B vaccine ABC Active Bacterial Core ACIP Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Adacel tetanus, low-dose diphtheria, and low-dose acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) AE adverse event AlPO4 aluminum phosphate ANSM Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Medicament Anti-TPO anti-thyroid peroxidase ASO antistreptolysin O Aus Australia BLA Biologic License Application CBER Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research CC clonal complex type CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CFR Code of Federal Regulation CHMP Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use CI confidence interval cLIA competitive Luminex immunoassay CRM197 cross-reactive material-197 CSR clinical study report dTAP low-dose diphtheria, tetanus, and low-dose acellular pertussis vaccine Attachment 2 – AusPAR - Trumenba - Meningococcal group B vaccine - Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd - PM-2016- Page 5 of 72 02079-1-2 - Extract from the Clinical Evaluation Report FINAL 27 August 2018 Therapeutic Goods Administration Abbreviation Meaning e-diary electronic diary EEA European Economic Area EU European Union FDA Food and Drug Administration factor H binding protein (referring to the bacterial lipoprotein expressed on surface of N meningitidis) Gardasil human papilloma virus vaccine (HPV) GCP Good Clinical Practice GMR geometric mean ratio GMT geometric mean titre HAV hepatitis A virus vaccine Havrix hepatitis A virus vaccine (HAV) HPV human papilloma virus vaccine hSBA serum bactericidal assay using human complement ICD informed consent document ICH International Conference on Harmonisation IgA Immunoglobulin A IgG Immunoglobulin G IMD invasive meningococcal disease IPV inactivated poliomyelitis virus vaccine ISE integrated summary of efficacy ISS integrated summary of safety iTT intent-to-treat LAL Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay LCI lower bound confidence interval LLOQ lower limit of quantitation Attachment 2 – AusPAR - Trumenba - Meningococcal group B vaccine - Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd - PM-2016- Page 6 of 72 02079-1-2 - Extract from the Clinical Evaluation Report FINAL 27 August 2018 Therapeutic Goods Administration Abbreviation Meaning LOD limit of detection LOS lipooligosaccharide LP2086 lipoprotein (referring to the recombinant fHBP or fHBP vaccine antigen) LXA Luminex assay MAA marketing authorization application MAC membrane attack complex MAE medically attended adverse event MCC meningococcal serogroup C conjugate MCV4 quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine MedDRA Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Menactra meningococcal (Groups A, C, Y, and W-135) polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (MCV4) MenACWY- Menveo, tetravalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine CRM197 MenAfriVac meningococcal A conjugate vaccine Menomune tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine Menveo tetravalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-CRM197 MeNZB meningococcal serogroup B outer
Recommended publications
  • Review Article How the Knowledge of Interactions Between Meningococcus and the Human Immune System Has Been Used to Prepare Effective Neisseria Meningitidis Vaccines
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Florence Research Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Immunology Research Volume 2015, Article ID 189153, 26 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/189153 Review Article How the Knowledge of Interactions between Meningococcus and the Human Immune System Has Been Used to Prepare Effective Neisseria meningitidis Vaccines R. Gasparini,1 D. Panatto,1 N. L. Bragazzi,1 P. L. Lai,1 A. Bechini,2 M. Levi,2 P. Durando,1 and D. Amicizia1 1 Department of Health Sciences, University ofGenoa,ViaPastore1,16132Genoa,Italy 2Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 48, 50134 Florence, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to R. Gasparini; [email protected] Received 21 January 2015; Accepted 9 June 2015 Academic Editor: Nejat K. Egilmez Copyright © 2015 R. Gasparini et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In the last decades, tremendous advancement in dissecting the mechanisms of pathogenicity of Neisseria meningitidis at a molecular level has been achieved, exploiting converging approaches of different disciplines, ranging from pathology to microbiology, immunology, and omics sciences (such as genomics and proteomics). Here, we review the molecular biology of the infectious agent and, in particular, its interactions with the immune system, focusing on both the innate and the adaptive responses. Meningococci exploit different mechanisms and complex machineries in order to subvert the immune system and to avoid being killed.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Varicella Vaccine for Inclusion in the National Immunisation Schedule, Outcome Management Services: Specialists in Cost Benefit Analysis, Wellington
    Varicella Vaccine Assessment Report 2012 Varicella Vaccination in New Zealand: NHC Assessment 2012 In 2014 the National Health Committee (NHC) received a request for a copy of the NHC’s assessment report on varicella (chicken pox) vaccination. This report was part of early assessment work the NHC undertook in both varicella and rotavirus vaccination in 2011/12, before responsibility for the management and purchasing of vaccines (including considering any changes to the National Immunisation Schedule) transferred from the Ministry of Health to New Zealand’s Pharmaceutical management Agency (PHARMAC). The NHC provided PHARMAC copies of the vaccine assessment reports and recommendations papers in 2013 and formal NHC recommendations on this work were never provided to the Minister of Health. Following the principal of open disclosure the Committee has decided to release the package of NHC vaccination assessments and recommendations on their website (www.nhc.health.govt.nz). National Health Committee Page 1 of 61 Varicella Vaccine Assessment Report 2012 Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................. 4 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 5 Policy Question ............................................................................................................. 6 Who initiated or commissioned the report? ..............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Immunisation Issues
    Immunisation issues Linda Hill August 2010 Index • Disease control and vaccine effectiveness • The NZ schedule • Vaccines on the horizon • Common Practice Nurse issues • Improving coverage • Vaccine safety surveillance • Recurrent common myths • Recent issues • Communication challenges DISEASE CONTROL AND VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS “Only clean water and antibiotics have had an impact on childhood death and disease that is equal to that of vaccines” World Health Organization 4 Global burden of VPD Hepatitis B Measles 28% 29% Tetanus Polio 10% Hib 0% Pertussis 18% 14% Diphtheria 0% Yellow Fever 1% In 2002, WHO estimated that 1.4 million of deaths among children under 5 years were due to diseases that could have been prevented by routine vaccination. This represents 14% of global total mortality in children under 5 years of age . 5 Smallpox Bangladeshi girl infected with smallpox (1973). POLIO mass immunisation campaigns in 1961 and 1962 and 1961 in campaigns immunisation mass OPV the since Zealand New in poliomyelitis acquired indigenously of cases No Deaths 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 Roll out of vaccine commencing 1956 commencing vaccine of out Roll 1956 1946 Zealand inNew deaths Polio 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 - 1988 2009 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Wilson Home for crippled children in Takapuna, Auckland, 1943. Alexander Turnbull Library, Photographer: John Pascoe Reference: 1/4-000643-F 10 Cases 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 1990 1st 3rd 1991 1st 3rd 1992 1st 3rd
    [Show full text]
  • The HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Immunisation Programme
    The HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Immunisation Programme National Implementation Strategic Overview June 2008 HPV Project Team Population Health Directorate Ministry of Health Table of Contents 1. Introduction.............................................................................................4 2. Background ............................................................................................6 Cervical Cancer .............................................................................................6 Human Papillomavirus ...................................................................................9 3. Policy Context to the HPV Immunisation Programme................................11 Cancer Control in New Zealand ...................................................................11 Immunisation ...............................................................................................12 4. HPV Immunisation Programme Purpose, Goals and Objectives.................13 Rationale .....................................................................................................13 Programme Purpose....................................................................................14 Underpinning Principles ...............................................................................14 Programme Goal..........................................................................................14 Programme Objectives.................................................................................14 Implementation Priorities..............................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • Trends in Vaccine Availability and Novel Vaccine Delivery Technologies: 2008–2025
    Landscape Analysis Trends in vaccine availability and novel vaccine delivery technologies: 2008–2025 July 2008 Bâtiment Avant Centre Phone: 33.450.28.00.49 13 Chemin du Levant Fax: 33.450.28.04.07 01210 Ferney Voltaire www.path.org France www.who.int Landscape Analysis Trends in vaccine availability and novel vaccine delivery technologies: 2008–2025 July 1, 2008 Version: January 22, 2009 ii Table of contents Acronyms and abbreviations.......................................................................................................................................... iv Executive summary......................................................................................................................................................... 1 TRENDS IN VACCINE AVAILABILITY: 2008–2025 ............................................................................................. 2 Choice of vaccine types to be surveyed........................................................................................................................... 2 Vaccine availability and use: 2008–2025........................................................................................................................ 2 Vaccine availability............................................................................................................................................... 2 Delivery strategies................................................................................................................................................. 4 Extensions
    [Show full text]
  • Vaccinology in the Genome Era
    Vaccinology in the genome era C. Daniela Rinaudo, … , Rino Rappuoli, Kate L. Seib J Clin Invest. 2009;119(9):2515-2525. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI38330. Review Series Vaccination has played a significant role in controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases throughout the world, and yet currently licensed vaccines represent only the tip of the iceberg in terms of controlling human pathogens. However, as we discuss in this Review, the arrival of the genome era has revolutionized vaccine development and catalyzed a shift from conventional culture-based approaches to genome-based vaccinology. The availability of complete bacterial genomes has led to the development and application of high-throughput analyses that enable rapid targeted identification of novel vaccine antigens. Furthermore, structural vaccinology is emerging as a powerful tool for the rational design or modification of vaccine antigens to improve their immunogenicity and safety. Find the latest version: https://jci.me/38330/pdf Review series Vaccinology in the genome era C. Daniela Rinaudo, John L. Telford, Rino Rappuoli, and Kate L. Seib Novartis Vaccines, Siena, Italy. Vaccination has played a significant role in controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases through- out the world, and yet currently licensed vaccines represent only the tip of the iceberg in terms of controlling human pathogens. However, as we discuss in this Review, the arrival of the genome era has revolutionized vaccine develop- ment and catalyzed a shift from conventional culture-based approaches to genome-based vaccinology. The availabili- ty of complete bacterial genomes has led to the development and application of high-throughput analyses that enable rapid targeted identification of novel vaccine antigens.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Myths and Immunisation a Slice of NZ Narrative
    Understanding myths and immunisation A slice of NZ narrative Helen Petousis‐Harris Immunisation Advisory Centre Dept General Practice and Primary Health Care Sept 2015 Thinking about immunisation myths • What is a myth and for what purpose? • What feeds a myth? • Why do we believe? • Why should we care? • What should we do? New Zealand Herald. 3/9/2015 (yesterday) What is a myth and what purpose does it serve? What is a myth? Myth is ideology in narrative form. • Myths may arise as either • truthful depictions or over‐elaborated accounts of events • as allegory for or personification of natural phenomena, or explanation of ritual. • deliberate deception for personal gain* • They are transmitted to • convey religious or idealised experience • to establish behavioral models, and to teach. • generate business/wealth* • attract attention* *these arise by or are transmitted for pragmatic reasons but rely on the ideology of others Lincoln B. Theorizing Myth. Narrative, Ideology and Scholarship. University of Chicago Press. 1999. Myths provide an explanation Myths provide an explanation Endearing myth ‐ sugar turns kids into little monsters Busted by science since 1994 The need for myth • Helps people make sense of the world • Knowledge is power –basis for improving one’s influence 1978 ‐ current DiFonzo N, Bordia P. Rumor psychology: Social and organizational approaches. American Psychological Association; 2007. It’s innate ‐ leaping to conclusions is easy Post hoc ergo propter hoc ‐ after this, therefore because of this –Noni McDonald’s ‘coincidence
    [Show full text]
  • Adult Vaccination
    +HOW TO TREAT Adult vaccination Adult vaccination receives less attention than the childhood vaccination schedule, and its importance may be overlooked at times. The purpose of this article is to summarise the vaccines recommended for use in adults. It is structured to answer the question “What vaccines should I consider for this patient in front of me?” Understanding iron metabolism helps doctors and patients There is no comprehensive adult vaccination schedule dult vaccination is the poor • the introduction of new antigens cination schedule. The only vaccina- cousin of childhood vaccina- • the introduction of pneumococcal Written by tion visits being recommended are tion. Over the last 30 years, conjugateThe liver vaccine, human papillomavi- Stewart Reid, the visits at age 45 and 65 years for considerable efforts have A rusis (HPV) the main vaccine and rotavirus vaccine. general tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine and gone into refining the childhood vaccina- Also, considerable improvements in practitioner, the annual influenza vaccine from tion schedule, resulting in: coverage“orchestrator” have been made with the help Ropata age 65 years (also for those with spe- • a reduction in the number of visits of theof National iron Immunisation Register, Medical cific medical indications). No effort is in the 1990s a legacyregulation. of the meningococcal group B Centre, made to measure adult immunisation • the greater use of combination vaccination programme (MeNZB). Lower Hutt coverage except for an approximation vaccines since 2000 There is no comprehensive adult vac- Continued on page 2 HOW TO TREAT+Adult vaccination Continued from page 1 of the uptake of the annual influen- CASE VIGNETTE 1 Panel 1 za vaccine.
    [Show full text]
  • The Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccine Bexsero Elicits Antibodies to Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Evgeny A
    Clinical Infectious Diseases applyparastyle “fig//caption/p[1]” parastyle “FigCapt” MAJOR ARTICLE The Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccine Bexsero Elicits Antibodies to Neisseria gonorrhoeae Evgeny A. Semchenko,1 Aimee Tan,1 Ray Borrow,2 and Kate L. Seib1, 1 2 Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; and Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Public Health England, Manchester Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom Background. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis are closely-related bacteria that cause a significant global burden of disease. Control of gonorrhoea is becoming increasingly difficult, due to widespread antibiotic resistance. While vaccines are routinely used for N. meningitidis, no vaccine is available for N. gonorrhoeae. Recently, the outer membrane vesicle (OMV) menin- gococcal B vaccine, MeNZB, was reported to be associated with reduced rates of gonorrhoea following a mass vaccination campaign in New Zealand. To probe the basis for this protection, we assessed the cross-reactivity to N. gonorrhoeae of serum raised to the me- ningococcal vaccine Bexsero, which contains the MeNZB OMV component plus 3 recombinant antigens (Neisseria adhesin A, factor H binding protein [fHbp]-GNA2091, and Neisserial heparin binding antigen [NHBA]-GNA1030). Methods. A bioinformatic analysis was performed to assess the similarity of MeNZB OMV and Bexsero antigens to gonococcal proteins. Rabbits were immunized with the OMV component or the 3 recombinant antigens of Bexsero, and Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess the generation of antibodies recognizing N. gonorrhoeae. Serum from humans immunized with Bexsero was investigated to assess the nature of the anti-gonococcal response. Results. There is a high level of sequence identity between MeNZB OMV and Bexsero OMV antigens, and between the antigens and gonococcal proteins.
    [Show full text]
  • Menzb™ Vaccine Safety Monitoring Plan Is Organised to Provide the DMG with Prompt Reports of Cases of Aes, in Particular Those Involving Hospitalisation
    Meningococcal B Vaccine (MeNZB™) Safety Monitoring Plan Prepared by the Meningococcal Vaccine Strategy Data Management Group 1 June 2004 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………3 2 ROLLOUT ................................................................................................ 4 3 ISMB FORMAL DECISION POINTS ........................................................ 6 3.1 Steps from pilot to countrywide use ............................................ 10 3.1.1 5-19 year olds total cohort for hospital-based monitoring ........ 10 3.1.2 6 week –4 years total cohort for hospital-based monitoring ..... 11 3.1.2.1 16 month – 4 year olds CMDHB cohort .................................... 11 3.1.2.2 6-15 month olds CMDHB cohort ............................................... 12 3.1.2.3 6 week – 5 month olds CMDHB cohort ..................................... 12 3.2 Number of observed events ......................................................... 16 4 DATA SOURCES - DATA FLOWS ........................................................ 16 4.1 Hospital-based monitoring - rare events ..................................... 16 4.2 Hospital-based monitoring of ALL events ................................... 18 4.3 NZPhvC (CARM) – Passive reporting ........................................... 19 4.4 NZPhvC (CARM) Active reporting – IVMP ................................... 19 4.5 Background hospitalisation data ................................................. 20 4.6 Adverse events following routine childhood vaccines .............
    [Show full text]
  • Vaccines Against Meningococcal Diseases
    microorganisms Review Vaccines against Meningococcal Diseases Mariagrazia Pizza 1 , Rafik Bekkat-Berkani 2 and Rino Rappuoli 1,* 1 GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy; [email protected] 2 GSK, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; rafi[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0577-243414 Received: 31 August 2020; Accepted: 1 October 2020; Published: 3 October 2020 Abstract: Neisseria meningitidis is the main cause of meningitis and sepsis, potentially life-threatening conditions. Thanks to advancements in vaccine development, vaccines are now available for five out of six meningococcal disease-causing serogroups (A, B, C, W, and Y). Vaccination programs with monovalent meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) conjugate vaccines in Europe have successfully decreased MenC disease and carriage. The use of a monovalent MenA conjugate vaccine in the African meningitis belt has led to a near elimination of MenA disease. Due to the emergence of non-vaccine serogroups, recommendations have gradually shifted, in many countries, from monovalent conjugate vaccines to quadrivalent MenACWY conjugate vaccines to provide broader protection. Recent real-world effectiveness of broad-coverage, protein-based MenB vaccines has been reassuring. Vaccines are also used to control meningococcal outbreaks. Despite major improvements, meningococcal disease remains a global public health concern. Further research into changing epidemiology is needed. Ongoing efforts are being made to develop next-generation, pentavalent vaccines including a MenACWYX conjugate vaccine and a MenACWY conjugate vaccine combined with MenB, which are expected to contribute to the global control of meningitis. Keywords: Neisseria meningitidis; meningococcal infection; invasive meningococcal disease (IMD); meningococcal outbreaks; meningococcal vaccines; reverse vaccinology; 4CMenB; rLP2086; outer member vesicles (OMV); bactericidal activity 1.
    [Show full text]
  • CARTWRIGHT ANNIVERSARY SEMINAR 5Th August 2008 Presented by Lynda Williams
    CARTWRIGHT ANNIVERSARY SEMINAR 5th August 2008 Presented by Lynda Williams “GARDASIL – CARTWRIGHT’S DAUGHTER?” My involvement in the issue of HPV vaccines formally began on 20 February 2006 when a representative from CSL, the manufacturer of Gardasil, came to meet with members of the Auckland Women’s Health Council and Women’s Health Action. Her visit rang alarm bells. When drug company reps want to come and visit with women’s health groups my alarm bells always start ringing, but this visit was particularly worrying. For a start the young woman couldn’t answer many of the questions we had about the research results. She also made claims about there being a reduction in the timeframe between infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV) and the development of cervical cell abnormalities which she said would be substantiated when new research results were published in 2 – 3 months time – this didn’t happen. And she was obviously hoping that we would support CSL’s endeavours to get the vaccine introduced into the school-based vaccination programme. We made it quite clear that we wouldn’t. We also had major issues around how long the vaccine would last and the need to include males in any anti-HPV vaccination programme. We had other concerns as well and I will come to these later. But before I say any more about Gardasil, we need to go back and set the scene for why this particular issue is the topic of today’s Cartwright lunch time seminar and is one that women’s groups are examining through what we refer to as a “Cartwright lens.” Cervical Cancer Inquiry It is exactly 20 years today since the report of Judge Silvia Cartwright’s Inquiry into the treatment of cervical cancer at National Women’s Hospital was released.
    [Show full text]