The Korea Press the Korea Press

The Korea Press The Korea Press

Publisher Kim Byung-ho Editor in Chief Woo Deuk-jung

Managing Editor Lee Sang-heun Tel 82-2-2001-7757 Email [email protected]

Translated by Yang Sung-jin (Editor of The Korea Herald) Copyedited by Elaine Ramirez (Copy Editor of The Korea Herald) Chung Yong-kuk (Professor, Dept. of Journalism & Mass Communication, Dongguk Univ.)

Published by Korea Press Foundation www.kpf.or.kr

Korea Press Foundation 12-15F., Korea Press Center 124 Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul, Korea

ISBN 978-89-5711-401-8 Content

Chapter 1. 2014/2015 Korean Media Overview … 04 Chapter 2. Media Market … 22 Chapter 3. Media Workers … 30 Chapter 4. Print Newspaper Market … 40 Chapter 5. Broadcasting Market … 44 Chapter 6. Internet Newspaper Market … 55 Chapter 7. Media Audience : Pattern and Evaluation … 61 Chapter 8. Current Situation of Newspaper Industry Support … 70

Appendix 1. Overseas Branches of the Korean Media … 72 Appendix 2. Korean Correspondents Overseas … 74

Appendix 3. Foreign Correspondents in Korea … 79 Appendix 4. Directory … 86 Chapter 1 2014/2015 Korean Media Overview

• Newspaper unique production practices that are formed over time. News media must overhaul the news production system to tailor it to a rapidly changing Attempt to depart from ‘exposure- media environment while preserving traditional first’ strategy news values; if not, they are unlikely to turn a profit in the fast-evolving media market. Against The “digital-first” strategy adopted by South this backdrop, it is a positive development Korean news media reflects the ongoing shift that Korean media are noticeably investing in in news consumption toward mobile media. mobile-centered news production and distribu- In the past two decades — from 1993 to 2014 tion. In particular, some news media have stood — overall media usage has steadily declined, out from the pack by adopting a mobile-friendly except for on mobile Internet. According to the online layout, marking a departure from the con- 2014 Audience Research report published by ventional front-page format. the Korea Press Foundation, respondents spent 339.9 minutes (5 hours 40 minutes) using media News outlets using social media on a daily basis. They spent 95.3 minutes reading and watching news, which accounted for A growing number of news consumers are opt- 28.0 percent. Compared with the figure in 2013, ing for social media. In a survey conducted in the news usage time declined by 14.4 minutes. 2014, the ratio of respondents who said they In detail, overall news usage time shrank, except used social media to read news stood at 20.7 through mobile Internet. percent, up from 11.3 percent in 2011. The rate South Korean media are pursuing a digital- of those who said they consumed news every first strategy; however, they could end up day came in at 8.6 percent, up from 2.8 percent pushing for a mere “exposure-first” strategy — in 2011 (2014 Audience Research report, Korea focused on boosting online traffic by producing Press Foundation). Given that half of media con- as many articles as possible on different plat- sumers regularly use social media, media outlets forms — unless the newsroom culture achieves are actively sharing their news on social media substantial change. Newsroom culture is an platforms. However, it is premature to say that intangible asset that cannot be changed easily, traditional media have fully adapted to the social not least because it reflects each media outlet’s media environment. After all, about half of news

4 Chapter1. 2014/2015 Korean Media Overview consumers (49.9 percent) use social media, but unpredictable. Many print papers newly founded only 20.7 percent are tapping into social media in Seoul are business papers, reflecting the to consume news. market reality in which general newspapers are For instance, the weekly paper by the Jour- witnessing a decline in revenue while business nalists Association of Korea analyzed the papers are increasing their revenue and operat- Facebook pages run by newspapers covering a ing profits. period from April 26 through May 4 in 2014. Several media companies also rushed to In the article, Kyunghyang Shinmun topped the launch online or offline business journals. News list with 238,067 fans, followed by Chosun Ilbo Tomato, an online business paper established (158,269), Segye Times (142,191) and Han- in 2008, kicked off its print version on May 11, kyoreh (141,733). As for PTAT (People Talking 2015, as part of its “strategy to expand its plat- about This), a seven-day Facebook metric that form.” Kyunghyang Shinmun launched Biz@ measures how many people are “talking” (creat- Life, a mobile Web service in May 2014, offering stories) about a certain page, Chosun Ilbo ing news content in six categories (life, market/ and Segye Times recorded more than 150,000. business, real estate, automobile, technology, Kyunghyang Shinmun attracted 83,000 on the and business columns). Seoul Media Group, spe- PTAT metric. When it comes to the daily aver- cializing in magazines for women, established age PIS (Post Interaction Score), Segye Times Woman Economy, an online paper, on May 29, outpaced other media. But for the daily aver- 2014, and then launched its print version in a age page sharing index, Kyunghyang Shinmun tabloid format on Nov. 11 in the same year. A topped the ranking with 1,916, followed by major shareholder of Joongdo Ilbo, a Daejeon- Hankyoreh (1,506), Chosun Ilbo (733) and Se- based paper, founded Bridgenews, a paper for gye Times (576). both online and offline platforms, on Sept. 15, 2014. Print media enter online news; online media launch print papers New sections targeting young readers

Some media outlets revealed their preference The newspaper subscription rate stood at 20.2 for creating more “old media” rather than em- percent in 2014, with little change from 20.4 brace the digital-first strategy. Twenty-four daily percent in 2013. But newspaper readership slid newspapers were established in 2014. Among by 3.1 percentage points to 30.7 percent (2014 them, 22 were general newspapers, 10 of which Audience Research report, Korea Press Founda- were launched in Seoul and 12 in other regions. tion). Those in their 20s and 30s spent less than Two special papers were established in Seoul. 10 minutes reading print newspapers. In detail, This move suggests that some media companies newspaper readers in their 20s spent an average are seeking to shore up their profit structure by of 4.9 minutes on weekdays and 2.5 minutes rediscovering the value of the traditional media on the weekend reading print papers, while the platform rather than investing into mobile me- figure for those in their 30s was 6.8 minutes and dia, whose future return remains uncertain and 3.4 minutes, respectively. The two age groups’

5 daily newspaper reading time (4.2 minutes/5.8 and analyze a huge amount of data available in minutes) was less than half of that of those in the age of smart media. Thanks to data journal- their 40s (11.5 minutes) and 60s (12.2 minutes). ism, journalists can better explain what a news Those in their 50s read newspapers for 17.3 min- story really means. utes, far longer than those in their 20s and 30s. Most news media collect and utilize existing The underlying problem is that print newspapers statistical data. They identify relations between could go out of print if they continue to fail to different data sets before producing a repack- grab the attention of younger readers. Perhaps aged data product or expressing it in the form a sense of crisis has hit Korean media since a of infographics. Specifically, Newstapa runs the handful of them started developing news content Korea Investigative Journalism Center to utilize customized for younger readers. JoongAng Ilbo existing statistical data or collect previously is said to have outpaced other rivals in develop- unpublished data. The company offers not only ing news content for younger readers. The paper raw data but also analysis of trends on political overhauled its page format and content in April issues. Yonhap News Agency and Herald Busi- 2014, introducing a thematic section (Younger ness provide reporting on political and economic Tuesday) targeting those in their 20s and 30s. issues through simple tables and charts. Chosun Hankook Ilbo also drew keen interest by high- Ilbo’s “infographics” allow readers to read much lighting everyday topics of the young generation information in a small online space by adopting under the serialized feature titled “KakaoTalk an interactive infographic format with hyper- 2030.” Chosun Biz also kicked off a series of links. articles portraying workplace episodes with a comical touch. Securing paid subscribers

Data journalism In 2013, Maeil Business Newspaper and Korea Economic Daily launched the Maekyung ePa- Journalism is undergoing a wave of sweeping per (September) and Hankyung Plus (October), changes stemming from new innovative technol- respectively. Chosun Ilbo started offering paid ogies such as cloud computing, smartphones and news content with its Premium Chosun (No- open-source software. Especially noteworthy is vember). While business papers attempted to the emergence of what is called “data journal- sell the PDF edition of their papers, Chosun Ilbo ism” as media companies are now capable of attempted to stand out by pursuing a higher level accommodating and processing a huge amount of online journalism to kick-start its paid ser- of data — far greater data sets than previously vice. JoongAng Ilbo also joined the fray of paid imagined. In essence, data journalism is related news services by unveiling a revamped Joins, to Computer-Assisted Reporting. It refers to its digital subscription platform, in September collecting a massive amount of data and statis- 2014. tically analyzing it to better tell a news story. A noteworthy trend in the development of Data journalism is drawing interest in the media paid news services is that all the newspapers circles as it helps journalists to better observe sought to develop their own strategies in push-

6 Chapter1. 2014/2015 Korean Media Overview ing for paid news content services (Choi Jin-sun, provisions (purpose and application; reporting 2014). For instance, business papers focused and news coverage; obligations of media), fea- on providing early PDF editions and reporters’ turing a total of 44 articles. As the disaster cov- exclusive commentaries related to their beat and erage rules stress accuracy rather than speed, coverage, while strengthening ties with their individual media outlets are likely to find it broadcasting units. Chosun Ilbo concentrated on hard to follow the rules when they jump into cultivating premium journalism and communi- the coverage competition. In this context, it cating with readers instead of abruptly introduc- was a positive development that Korean media ing a full-fledged paid service. JoongAng Ilbo’s attempted to regulate themselves from break- Joins, meanwhile, is designed to offer diverse ing the disaster coverage rules by running a news content in PDF format and develop new joint body called Cooperative Reporting Body packages of different media services targeting for Disaster Sites. The body would comprise its diverse audiences. The paid services by the representatives of participating media compa- three front-runners are said to have garnered nies. The envisioned body is a sort of media largely positive responses on the market. Maeil pool system, in which news produced by par- Business Newspaper’s Maekyung ePaper signed ticipating reporters are shared with each other up as many as 40,000 paid subscribers in a year. in a way that blocks excessive competition and Korea Economic Daily’s Hankyung Plus also enhances the accuracy of news coverage. What expanded its user base by showing a 20-30 per- should be noted is that the body should play cent increase in its subscribers from January to its role properly, especially its role to ensure September in 2014. Premium Chosun garnered the public’s right to know. As the government, 50,448 daily visitors in July 2014, 3.4 times which tends to avoid taking responsibility, can more than pre-launch. be passive in disclosing pertinent information, it might be difficult for the media to play the Rules on disaster coverage role of a watchdog. Therefore, some suggested that the government should join the envisioned Five media organizations (Korean Association body as a member. There is clearly a limitation of Newspapers, Korean Broadcasters Associa- in enforcing the rules on disaster coverage as tion, Korean Newspaper Broadcaster Editors they have been set up by journalists on a vol- Association, Journalists Association of Korea, untary basis. However, some observers argue Korea Press Ethics Commission) jointly an- that if journalists follow the rules concerning nounced rules on disaster coverage on Sept. 16, their interactions with sources, they could 2014, after examining the problems related to make proper moral decisions and seek solu- the coverage of the Sewol ferry sinking, which tions when they attempt to explore the nature took place on April 16 in the same year. The and cause of a disaster and identify those who organizations consulted with local media com- are responsible. panies to come up with solutions to improper disaster coverage. The rules on disaster coverage consist of a body and three supplementary

7 • Broadcasting areas where only satellite broadcast is available. Details on subscriber data calculation and verification concerning Article 16 and 17 are to New restriction on ownership of be decided by the President’s executive order. paid broadcast services According to Section 2 of Law No. 13341 (June 22, 2015), the related parts of Articles 16 and 17 Paid broadcast service providers intensified their are to expire June 27, 2018. competition, sparking a call for a reform of the asymmetric legal regulations. As a result, the Conflict over bundled broadcast regulations on paid broadcast service providers products and reform measures underwent a change that aims to regulate the joint ownership of different broadcast media. Cable TV operators strongly protested that wire- Previously, there were two separate regulations: less carriers were offering excessive discounts the Broadcasting Act and the Internet Multime- by offering products bundling broadcast and dia Business Act. In April 2015, Jun Byung-hun, telecommunications services. As the conflicts a lawmaker, led a revision bill titled the Internet deepened, regulators came up with a plan to ad- Multimedia Broadcast Business Act, which the dress the issue. The Ministry of Science, ITC National Assembly passed in a plenary session. and Future Planning and the Korea Communica- Article 1 of Section 13 (concerning the restrictions Commission jointly formed the Research tions of market share) of the new law states Team to Improve Bundled Products in January that “a certain Internet multimedia broadcast 2015 and unveiled reform measures in August. provider cannot offer its services to more than The reform measure, finalized and announced a third of all paid broadcast subscribers includ- on Aug. 6, 2015, is titled Reform Proposal for ing those who sign up for Internet multimedia Bundled Products of Broadcast and Telecom- broadcast, general cable broadcast and satellite munication Services. The measures are aimed broadcast.” Internet multimedia broadcast pro- at addressing negative impacts on both custom- viders, general cable broadcast providers and ers and business operators. As for the welfare satellite broadcast providers (specified in Sec- of customers, the measures intend to make sure tion 2 of Broadcasting Act) are now categorized that customers can get correct information about into a group who is subject to the new regula- penalties on cancellation and contract duration tion. Accordingly, a new clause was added to so that they can make informed decisions about Broadcasting Act: Article 16 and 17 in Section 8 bundled products. Regulators also introduced (ownership restriction) states that a single busi- a system in which operators cannot engage in ness operator’s combined market share of cable unfair business practices such as offering certain broadcast, IPTV and satellite broadcast cannot services free of charge or for a hefty discount, surpass 33.3 percent. However, in a separate releasing exaggerated advertisements and cut- clause, the Minister of Science, ICT and Future ting certain products excessively. The standard Planning is allowed to designate an area that can user agreement is to be modified in a way that be excluded from the restriction, such as remote operators cannot label certain products as “free

8 Chapter1. 2014/2015 Korean Media Overview of charge” or offer instant reimbursements. Reg- and telecom operators, particularly in favor of ulators also announced that they would crack the proposal from terrestrial broadcasters. In down on operators offering extremely generous addition, the government originally planned to discounts for certain products, while ensuring allocate the spectrum to KBS, MBC and SBS, that customers would continue to get similar but later changed its position to include EBS discount benefits. to the final list, reflecting the demand from the Korea Federation of Teachers’ Associations. The 700 MHz spectrum allocated to ter- KFTA suggested that EBS should be given the restrial networks after disputes 700 MHz band in order to ensure the rights for students. Following the full digitalization of terrestrial broadcast services, disputes flared up over the Conflicts deepen over the retrans- 700 MHz spectrum which was no longer used. mission of terrestrial network pro- The final decision was made in July 2015, divid- grams ing the 108 MHz bandwidth in the frequency range 698-806 MHz into three sections: 20 MHz In August 2015, terrestrial broadcasters demand- band for integrated public network, 30 MHz ed additional fees for the Incheon Asian Games band for UHD broadcast (6 MHz each for five content, putting pressure on paid broadcast op- channels: KBS1, KBS2, MBC, SBS, EBS), and erators and online portals. The move touched off 40 MHz band for wideband LTE (Long Term another round of disputes over the retransmis- Evolution) service. The remaining spectrum sion rights of massive sports content in the after- would be used for guard band. math of the conflict that flared up over the Brazil The most-coveted 700 MHz bandwidth World Cup finals. In April 2015, the Content Al- caused a storm of conflicts among broadcast and liance Platform, which runs a subscription-based telecom operators. Broadcasters argued that the video-on-demand service called Pooq, attempted 700MHz should be reallocated to the future- to strike a new pricing deal with wireless carri- oriented UHD broadcast service, while telecom ers, which operate mobile IPTV. CAP wanted to firms claimed it should be used for mobile ser- hike the retransmission fee per subscriber from vices in line with the international trends. With the current 1,900 won to 3,900 won, but the the conflict deepening, the Korea Communica- three major wireless carriers refused to accept tions Commission announced in August 2014 the new pricing. As a result, CAP notified the that it would examine the issue without precon- mobile carriers that their real-time channels and ditions. In the previous month, a subcommittee VOD streaming would be stopped. On June 22, of the Science, ICT, Future Planning, Broad- 2015, SK Broadband’s mobile IPTV service “Btv casting and Communications Committee at the Mobile” and LG Uplus’s mobile IPTV “U+tv G” National Assembly decided that UHF bandwidth shut down real-time terrestrial broadcast chan- would be allocated to four terrestrial broadcast- nels and halted VOD streaming. ers, which run a total of five channels. The move In late July 2015, the Korean government evenly distributes spectrum to both broadcast suggested forming a 10-member negotiation

9 committee, consisting of representatives of the breaks and six minutes for advertisements for government, terrestrial broadcasters and paid program sponsors). In a Cabinet meeting held on broadcast operators. But terrestrial broadcasters July 14, 2015, policymakers approved a revision refused to join the committee. Amid this oppo- bill to the Broadcasting Act, which would intro- sition, the government created the 10-member duce the advertisement cap system and deregu- negotiation body with experts in broadcast, busi- late indirect, virtual and sponsor advertisement. ness, law and TV viewership, and held its first meeting on Aug. 11. New viewership survey suitable for ‘N-screen’ era Deregulation on advertising: introduction of advertisement cap sys- As more and more viewers watch video on tem smartphones, PCs and tablet computers in the form of VOD (video on demand), the Korea The advertisement cap system refers to an adver- Communications Commission carried out a tising policy that limits the total amount of ad- pilot survey aimed at reflecting what is called vertising time regardless of the type of TV com- “N-screen” data. The move is intended to im- mercial. Although it had been applied only to prove the viewership surveys that were largely paid broadcast services, the government decided focused on fixed-type TV, as well as preparing to apply it to terrestrial broadcast. In addition, for an integrated viewership system. To that regulations on indirect and virtual advertisement end, the KCC formed an “N-screen viewership on paid broadcast services have been loosened. survey committee” whose members come from The Korea Communications Commission an- both public and private sectors. The committee nounced the Third KCC Vision and Seven-point members include those from the TV industry Policy Agenda on Aug. 4, 2014. “Introducing (terrestrial, cable, satellite TV and IPTV), mo- the advertisement cap system for terrestrial bile handset makers, content service providers broadcast will accelerate the production of high- (Naver, Tving, Pooq) and survey firms. The quality content and shore up the investment in- committee members would help coordinate the frastructure to revitalize hallyu,” the KCC said, N-screen survey by working with service opera- referring to Korean cultural content. It said the tors, manufacturers and broadcasters. slump in advertisement could undermine content production and hurt hallyu’s growth potential. EBS 2TV and MMS launched To prevent this vicious cycle, the advertisement regulations would be reformed in a way that in- On Feb. 11, 2015, EBS 2TV kicked off its ser- troduces the cap system for terrestrial broadcast, vice as the country’s first terrestrial MMS (Multi the KCC said. Up until then, terrestrial broad- Mode Service). MMS utilizes digital compres- casters had been subject to strict regulations that sion technology to divide a single digital broad- put a limit on the airtime of advertisement for cast bandwidth (6 MHz) into several smaller each program, depending on their category (e.g., bands to provide various HD or SD digital chan- three minutes for advertisements during station nels at the same time.

10 Chapter1. 2014/2015 Korean Media Overview On Dec. 23, 2014, the Korea Communica- 7th shopping channel IM Shopping tions Commission held a plenary meeting and launched; T-commerce market approved EBS’ plan to launch MMS, citing the revitalized need for helping to rein in sky-high private education costs and narrow the education gap. The On Aug. 12, 2014, the Ministry of Science, ICT first terrestrial MMS is designed to help EBS and Future Planning unveiled a plan to launch secure a variety of education content including a state-run TV shopping channel. On Jan. 21, English as well as materials for elementary and 2015, the ministry selected a company to run middle school students. the channel. On July 14, IM Shopping, the EBS MMS’ pilot service started with a new country’s seventh TV shopping channel, went channel (No. 10-2), offering commercial-free on air. IM Shopping is 50 percent owned by the education programs ranging from curricular Small and Medium Business Distribution Cen- materials to English lessons. It also provided ter, 45 percent by Nonghyup Economic Holding TV programs to aid multicultural families in Group and 5 percent by the National Federation Korea. At the beginning of the pilot service, of Fisheries Cooperatives. The new shopping however, only those who have direct access channel set the commission rate at 23 percent, to terrestrial TV broadcast were able to watch which is lower than that of existing rivals. Com- EBS 2TV. The viewership of EBS 2TV, in other pared with other channels, IM Shopping holds words, was limited to two groups. The first a unique market position as it is run by public group was 1.13 million households who have funds. It airs on channel 20 or 21, depending on installed TV antennas, or 6.8 percent of the total the region. For IPTV service, IM Shopping is number of households who have TV sets. The available on channels 22 (KT), 17 (SK Broad- second group was 2.68 million households who band) and 20 (LG Uplus). can watch EBS 2TV via the public TV network. However, the problem was fixed in April when Assessment results and license cable TV started airing EBS 2TV to its paid extension for general PPs subscribers. Some critics claimed that EBS could come On Dec. 4, 2014, the Korea Communications under financial burden as the regulators allowed Commission completed the 2013 Broadcast for MMS on the condition that the channel Assessment and released its results. The as- would not sell its airtime for commercial adver- sessment involves 153 broadcast operators in tisement. The country’s public stations (KBS three areas (broadcast content, programming, and EBS) charge a mandatory monthly reception operations) for all of 2013. According to the fee, but their proposal to increase the fee has annual assessment, KBS1 topped the ranking been repeatedly rejected and the chance for a among terrestrial broadcasters, while Daegu rate hike in the near future remains slim, which TBC ranked first among provincial broadcast- might put financial pressure on EBS 2TV with ers. In the category of general PPs (program no alternative income sources other than MMS. providers), TV Chosun outperformed its rivals. But some liberal media and KCC panel mem-

11 bers who were recommended by the opposition tors were added to the list (revision proposal for parties showed a skeptical response to the result Section 40, Article 2). Second, media firms are concerning TV Chosun, a unit of the conserva- now required to make disaster coverage manuals tive daily Chosun Ilbo. available and educate their reporters regularly. In March 2014, the KCC extended the li- For effective implementation, broadcasters were censes for the general PPs such as TV Chosun, allowed to publish their own disaster manuals JTBC, Channel A and Yonhap TV. At the time, and make them available, while offering related the regulator imposed conditions on the three education classes to their reporters and program general PPs for extending the license: imple- directors in charge of disaster coverage so that menting business plans, taking steps to ensure they can internalize the related rules (revision fair and impartial broadcast, drawing up content proposal for Section 40, Article 7). Third, those investment plans, and maintaining the ratio of who fail to abide by the rules should be subject rebroadcast and outsourced programs. The KCC to fines. To strengthen the enforcement of the set a different set of conditions for Yonhap TV, law, broadcasters could be imposed a fine of a news PP, in extending its license: implement- up to 10 million won if they violate regulations ing business plans, establishing a fair broadcast concerning disaster coverage manuals and edu- committee, and taking steps not to get news cation programs. from its affiliate Yonhap News Agency at a discount that discriminates other news media. Community Media Foundation and Seoul viewer media center Revision to bill over disaster coverage launched

In December 2014, the Korea Communications The first viewer media center was launched Commission said it would revise many of the in Busan in November 2005. In the following clauses regarding disaster-related broadcasts in years, additional media centers were set up in the Framework Act on Broadcasting Commu- various cities across the nation. A revision to the nications Development. The revision was ap- Broadcasting Act was made in May 2014 so that proved in April 2015, aiming to address a slew all the viewer media centers would be turned of coverage issues following the Sewol ferry into private organizations. On May 15, 2015, tragedy and to establish an infrastructure for ef- the Community Media Foundation (www.kcmf. ficient disaster coverage. or.kr) was launched. Based on Section 90-2 of There were three key changes. First, the the Broadcasting Act, the Community Media number of media responsible for covering di- Foundation runs all the centers including the sasters was increased to provide information Seoul center, which kicked off its service in June and news updates quickly in the multi-channel 2015, and the Ulsan center, which is scheduled environment. As a result, on top of the exist- to open in the first half of 2016. The Seoul view- ing 62 media outlets (terrestrial broadcasters, er media center was jointly established by the general PP and news PP), 96 companies in the Korea Communications Commission, the Seoul SO (system operator), satellite and IPTV sec- Metropolitan Government and Seongbuk Ward.

12 Chapter1. 2014/2015 Korean Media Overview The Seoul center was the sixth in the nation, fol- is still in an infant stage due to the dearth of lowing ones in Busan (2005), Gwangju (2007), UHD-only content. Gangwon Province (2014), Daejeon (2014) and Incheon (2014). Aside from running regional viewer media centers, the Community Media • Internet News Industry Foundation is in charge of setting up additional regional centers in provinces, offering media education, promoting viewers’ rights, monitoring Data on registered Internet news- broadcast advertisement and the performances papers in 2014 of public channels, securing broadcast access to the underprivileged, supporting broadcast for the The number of registered Internet newspapers handicapped and participatory programs, and as- stood at 5,950 in 2014, up 1,980.4 percent from sisting viewers who are selected to join the TV 286 in 2005. This rapid growth of Internet monitoring panel. newspapers is in contrast with the 133.6 percent growth of registered periodicals over the World’s first commercialization of same period. During the period, the proportion UHD of Internet newspapers in the total registered periodicals surged from 3.8 percent to 33.8 per- UMAX, a channel dedicated to UHD cable TV cent. broadcast, kicked off its commercial service in September 2014. CJ E&M launched UXN (Ul- Increase in dispute mediation cases tra Extraordinary Network), a 24/7 UHD cable over Internet newspapers channel. In August of the same year, experts from the government, industry and academia The Act on the Promotion of Newspapers, etc. inaugurated a joint team to introduce terrestrial states that Internet newspapers and Internet news UHD TV and discuss a road map. IPTV service services are subject to media dispute mediation. providers also put forth proposals to expand As the number of Internet newspapers climbs, UHD channels. so has the number of applications for media As of August 2015, SK Broadband signed up dispute mediation. The proportion of disputes about 35,000 households for its UHD service, linked to Internet newspapers was 14.0 percent while KT and LG Uplus each attracted some (233 cases) in 2009. It rose to 46.4 percent (1,130 200,000 households for their services. KT Sky- cases) in 2013 and stayed at a similar level at life saw its UHD subscribers surpass 30,000. 44.3 percent (8,436 cases) in 2014. It is noted SK Broadband said it would launch a real-time that the dramatic increase of disputes from 2013 UHD channel in September 2015 and another to 2014 appears to stem from the Sewol ferry in November. In June, meanwhile, KT Skylife tragedy. If a similarly controversial social issue introduced three UHD channels. For all the gov- flares up in the future, the applications for media ernment and industry-wide efforts to kick-start dispute mediation are expected to go up drasti- the UHD format, however, the UHD TV market cally.

13 Revision to Act on the Promotion of similar, rehashed stories to portals to boost traf- Newspapers, etc. fic) and prevent substandard media from engag- ing in unethical acts. Once the committee starts The Act on the Promotion of Newspapers, etc. evaluating the status of news content partners has been revised. The revision was made to Sec- on a regular basis, Naver and Kakao plan to tion 2 (Internet newspaper) and Section 4 (regis- consider extending or terminating the contract tration), while Section 7-2 (person in charge of with media partners, based on the committee’s protecting the youth) was newly added. Under evaluation results. Until the committee kicks off the revised law, Internet newspaper operators its operation, Naver and Kakao said they would are now required to “hire five or more employ- halt the news partnership process temporarily. ees including reporters and editorial staff on a Meanwhile, Naver and Kakao proposed to set permanent basis” and submit official documents up a preparatory group for the envisioned com- involving “national pension, national health mittee. The preparatory group would be in charge insurance or industrial accident compensation of determining the makeup of its members and insurance” as proof of their employment. In the operation rules, as well as other essential addition, a person in charge of protecting the details needed to launch the committee. On July youth should be appointed and made public. The 10, 2015, the first preparatory meeting was held, revised act went into effect on Nov. 19, 2015. with representatives from seven organizations in attendance. The organizations involved were Naver and Kakao kick off open-type the Korean Broadcasters Association, Korean news partnership assessment com- Association of Newspapers, Korea Press Foun- mittee dation, Korean Society for Journalism & Com- munication Studies, Korea Online Newspaper On May 28, 2015, portal sites Naver and Daum Association, Korea Internet Newspaper Associa- Kakao (which renamed itself as Kakao on Sept. tion and Korean Cable TV Association. On Sept. 23) proposed a plan to set up an open-type news 24, 2015, the preparatory group released a set of partnership assessment committee. The existing agreements on the rules that would apply to the internal news partnership committee had been new news partnership committee. operated on a voluntary basis in a closed format. Naver and Kakao said it is time to reflect the Card news gains popularity social demand for an open and socially responsible operation of the committee in managing Card news, referring to a collection of info- news content partnership with media. In detail, graphic news as a new storytelling method for the new committee would evaluate news con- Korean news media, is attracting keen interest tent partnership proposals and consider which not only as a new news format on the mobile media should be allowed to join or which exist- platform but also as a platform for recycling ing partners lose their qualification. The body is news content. Card news basically recycles the also expected to establish a set of standards to news created by the media. Therefore, media monitor excessive “abusing” (an act of sending can produce the recycled visual news at a low

14 Chapter1. 2014/2015 Korean Media Overview cost in a way that boosts productivity and effi- a result, native advertising often functions as ciency. Another strength of card news lies in the social media content. Listicles (a portmanteau potential of creating a new breed of news con- of list and article), a popular form of native ad- sumers, especially from the young generation. vertising, lists a series of images or videos on a The main reason behind the extensive use of specific topic. It is generally accepted that native card news is that Korean media are telling sto- advertising has a greater impact as it is designed ries tailored for the mobile format. As with other and produced like regular content on the plat- news formats, media can secure their competi- form, and it contains content that users need. tive edge for card news by developing optimal storytelling techniques. (Kim Ik-hyun, Aug. 8, Robot journalism attracts attention 2015). Currently, a number of Korean media are providing card news or preparing to do so. As A new type of news production called “robot nearly all media rush to embrace the card news journalism” or “algorithm journalism” is ac- format, some critics pointed out the possibility tively discussed and tested in recent days. Robot that card news could go out of fashion just like journalism refers to the machine-aided produc- other outdated news formats customized for the tion of news based on computer algorithms. mobile and Internet platforms. Some foreign media are already generating news on weather, sports and finance — news Adoption of native advertising categories that rely heavily on data — with the help of robot journalism as part of their efforts The hottest advertising trend in the Internet me- to automate some of the steps involved in news dia industry is “native advertising.” It is defined production. In Korea, a team led by Lee Jun- as a type of advertising that matches the func- hwan of Seoul National University is experi- tion, layout/design and content of the platform menting with “Pro Baseball News Robot.” Lee’s on which it appears, while clearly displaying team is currently releasing four to five news ar- its identity as a commercial advertisement or ticles per day — each at a length of 400 Korean sponsorship. It was Huffington Post Korea that characters — via Facebook and Twitter after the fully adopted the format of native advertising as robot writes up articles based on the data up- the first Korean media. The Hankyoreh also em- dated in the baseball sections on major portals. braced native advertising in July 2015. Native The team started its robot journalism service in advertising differs from sponsored news articles March 2015. Going beyond the simple delivery or display advertisements. Native advertising is of facts, Lee’s robot journalism program uses presented as “native” content on the news web- subtle expressions reflecting judgement calls, site and is also positioned online alongside other such as a team “falling into a rut” or making “a regular news articles. The biggest advantage of game-winning move.” In the near future, Lee’s native advertising is that users voluntarily share team plans to produce simple finance news, such the advertisement with others. Even though as stock market updates (Lee Jung-kuk, Sept. 1, they are apparently advertisements, they contain 2015). Given the latest developments, it seems interesting information that appeal to users. As a matter of time before Korean media and users

15 will witness a full-fledged production of news net advertisement expenditures, reported that articles powered by robot journalism. the domestic advertisement market has been in the low-growth trajectory, despite many growth A growing number of users tap opportunities. Cheil WorldWide reported that smartphones to read news Korea’s net expenditure stood at 9.6477 trillion won ($8.0317 billion), a 0.6 percent on-year As the number of smartphone users went up growth from 9.5893 trillion won in 2013. On the sharply, the gap narrowed between the two other hand, KOBACO’s broadcasting and com- groups: users accessing the Internet via desktop munication advertisement expenditure analysis PC and mobile phones. Overall, the consump- put the figure at 10.9722 trillion won, a 1.6 per- tion of news via PC shrank. It appears that some cent on-year growth. With major sporting events PC users moved to smartphones to read news. including the Winter Olympics, the World Cup In September 2015, data on PC-based news and the Asian Games, many had hoped that the media usage showed that newspapers’ websites, market would grow substantially as well. Unfor- broadcasters’ websites and Internet newspapers tunately, the sluggish economic growth, reduced attracted more net visitors than portal news ser- marketing in the aftermath of the Sewol ferry vices. Of the PC users in the fixed environment, tragedy and Korea’s failure to advance into the 64 percent opted for professional news media World Cup quarterfinals resulted in disappoint- and 63 percent used portal news services, showing performance. ing little difference. But there was a big gap The following is a breakdown of the 2014 between the two groups in average visit duration advertisement expenditures by major media as and average page views. For the month of Sep- categorized by Cheil WorldWide — broadcast, tember, PC users stayed at portal news services print media, online (Internet and mobile) and for about 1 hour and 43 minutes on average, OOH (out of home) advertising. Broadcast me- while the figure for professional news media dia still takes the largest share, accounting for came in at just 45 minutes. By average page 36.2 percent of total ad spending. Of broadcast view, portal news users read about 134 pages media, terrestrial TV advertisements took out a and professional news media users read about share of 17.4 percent. Online media, covering 77 pages per month. both Internet and mobile categories, accounted for 28.1 percent, surpassing print media. Print media, which consists of newspaper and maga- • Advertising zines, recorded 20.0 percent and OOH took 9.7 percent. Compared to 2013, growth trends var- ied by media. Of broadcast media, terrestrial New media surges, while tradition- TV expenditure witnessed an 8 percent drop al media fizzles on-year, though terrestrial TV still retained its position as the single largest advertising me- Cheil WorldWide and Korea Broadcasting Ad- dium. Major sporting events slated for 2014 vertising Corp. (KOBACO), which tally Korea’s had given rise to hopes for market growth, but

16 Chapter1. 2014/2015 Korean Media Overview the Sewol ferry tragedy brought the market to a Analysis Report 42” conducted by the Korea standstill. Federation of Advertising Association, Korean Radio advertisement expenditure also de- advertising companies’ sales stood at a total of clined by 9.9 percent, standing at 202.4 billion 13.688 trillion won in 2014. The ad sales figure won. On the other hand, cable and general PPs is a total sum of all advertising revenue recorded grew by 3.8 percent to account for 14.9 percent by Korean advertising companies and agencies. of the entire advertising expenditure. IPTVs’ The 2014 figure marks a 3.6 percentage point share soared to 67.1 percent in 2014, up 5.4 drop from 14.1927 trillion won in 2013, caused percentage points from 61.7 percent in 2013. by the contraction in the advertising market These trends reflect two major changes: one is amid the economic slump. In 2014, the 10 big- the expansion of the N screen service and the gest advertising companies handled 11. 6420 other is users’ preference for VOD service. Print trillion won worth of advertising, a 2.1 percent- media still took 20 percent of the total advertis- age point drop compared to 11.8906 trillion won ing expenditure, but continued its downward in 2013. slide with newspaper posting negative 3.3 per- A breakdown of ad sales among the top 10 cent growth and magazines recording negative advertising companies showed that Cheil World- 5.9 percent. Online advertising also witnessed a Wide was the front-runner (4.9231 trillion won), shift in spending in favor of mobile media. Ad followed by Innocean Worldwide (3.5988 tril- spending on Internet media fell by 6.8 percent, lion won), HS AD (1.639 trillion won), Daehong while the figure for mobile media rose 82.4 per- Communications (744.4 billion won), SK Planet cent to take an 8.7 percent share of the overall (398 billion won), TBWA Korea (295.8 billion advertising expenditure. The OOH advertise- won), Group M Korea (164.6 billion won), Ori- ment market also fell by 2.9 percent. In addition, com (154.2 billion won), Hancom (150.1 billion according to a study by KOBACO, daily life won) and Leo Burnett (149.1 billion won). A advertisement and DM (direct mail) advertise- 2014 growth analysis among the top 10 adver- ment fell by 6.7 percent and 2.4 percent, respec- tising companies revealed that Cheil WorldWide tively. Only job-seeking advertisements grew and Innocean’s advertising revenue fell by 5 by 4.4 percent. Korea’s advertising expenditure percent and 3 percent, respectively. Other firms trends continued to reflect changes in users’ me- including TBWA Korea, Oricom and Hancom dia usage. In 2014, advertising expenditures for handled less advertising than a year earlier. the four major traditional media dropped while Meanwhile, HS AD and Daehong Communica- diverse new media and advertising media took tions’ advertising revenue rose by 7 percent and a bigger portion. The shift of advertising money 5 percent, respectively. Notably, advertising toward IPTV and mobile media is a noteworthy agency Group M Korea entered the ranks of the development. top 10 as its advertising revenue increased by 25 percent in 2014, continuing its growth trend Trends on advertising companies from 2013.

According to “Korean Advertising Company’s

17 Contraction in advertising market seconds (or up to 12 minutes) for advertisement caused by Sewol ferry tragedy when they air an hour-long program. The KCC expects that the new advertisement cap system Local elections and major sporting events such would help broadcasters produce more creative as the World Cup had been planned for 2014, broadcasting advertisement and secure a firmer but in the aftermath of the Sewol ferry trag- financial footing. edy, Korean companies refrained from running marketing and advertising campaigns. In the Cable channels and general PPs face of the unprecedented national tragedy and introduce ‘killer content’ public mourning, special memorial broadcasts were aired and corporate marketing activities Despite the overall declines in cable TV ratings, were canceled or delayed out of respect for the some PPs enjoyed great success with TV shows bereaved. According to KOBACO and Media such as “Three Meals a Day” and “Misaeng” on Create, which are agencies that sell broadcasting tvN. These cable programs recorded a respect- advertisements, advertising revenue for terres- able rating that almost matched that of terrestrial trial TV in April 2014 (when the tragedy took programs in 2014, drawing plenty of advertis- place) stood at 143.8 billion won, a 22.3 percent ers. “Golden Egg,” “Non Summit,” “Witch drop from 185 billion won a year earlier. This is Hunt” and “Hidden Singer” contributed greatly because news coverage on the tragedy increased, in steering the advertisement spending to the while drama and entertainment programs were general PPs. Broadcasters are expected to face suspended, which in turn led to the cancellation tougher competition in producing better content of advertisements. as the popularity of programs increasingly af- fects the advertising revenue. Advertisement cap system for ter- The number of local IPTV subscribers sur- restrial broadcasters passed 10 million in 2014 and it continues to post positive growth, even though the growth After months of discussions, the Korea Commu- rate itself has slowed down. In addition, more nications Commission approved the introduction and more households watch VOD on the IPTV of the advertisement cap system in a bid to re- platform. In 2011, the proportion of households form the broadcast advertising sector, which was watching VOD on TV accounted for 70 percent; part of a revision to the Broadcasting Act. Under in 2014, the figure climbed to 92 percent. In ad- the new system, regulators limit only the total dition, the ratio of viewers opting for IPTV to airtime of broadcast advertising, allowing broad- use VOD came in at 51 percent in 2014. casters to choose the type of advertisements and allocate their airtime freely. Terrestrial broad- Mobile media play central role casters can set aside an average of 9 minutes (or up to 10 minutes 48 seconds) for advertisements The advertising spending for mobile media per hour-long program. Paid broadcast service surged by 82 percent in 2014, demonstrating providers can use an average of 10 minutes 12 its rapid growth potential amid the protracted

18 Chapter1. 2014/2015 Korean Media Overview slump in the overall advertising market. As PC are mindful of the recent controversy of top traffic and TV usage shifted to mobile platforms, dogs abusing the rights of underdogs in contrac- the total advertising spending for mobile media tual relationships. The move came after some is expected to have topped 1 trillion won in shopping channels turned out to have exploited 2015. The advent of the “mobile-only” era — sellers and contractors by taking advantage of all types of media content from information to their superior position. entertainment to shopping gets handled on mo- Critics have argued that media-related laws bile platforms — is likely to increase the mobile fall behind the rapid changes and development advertising spending at a steady pace. of information technologies. Surviving the Meanwhile, food delivery and real estate radical shift to digital is by far the biggest chal- apps are infusing fresh energy into the advertis- lenge the media is facing these days. The days ing market. Major food delivery apps — Baedal of traditional print media as the exclusive news Minjok, Yogiyo and Baedaltong — sparked outlets are long gone, and now the social media buzz in the advertising market as they put their is emerging as a new dominant news platform, creative advertisements on various platforms replacing the Internet portals as primary content including terrestrial TV networks. In the first distributors. Thus, lawmakers need to provide half of 2015, real estate apps such as Dabang legislative measures necessary to better manage and Zigbang staged advertising battles starring the rapid transition so as to support the media to celebrities. perform its indispensable duty to the society as a whole.

• Media-Related Laws The Special Act on the Promotion of Local Newspapers

Although few major changes were proposed in Most government regulations and decrees set media-related legislation from 2014 to 2015, details about criminal penalties to ensure com- some minor but important amendments were pliance and reinforce the effective implementa- made. While the Special Act on the Promotion tion of the administrative measures sanctioned of Local Newspapers is revised to reinforce therein. Yet, the Special Act prescribed signifi- the penalties for noncompliance, the Act on the cantly different prison sentences for similar vio- Promotion of Newspapers, etc. is now requiring lations with no reasonable justification, which Internet media such as “Internet newspapers” is deemed unconstitutional. Furthermore, the and “Internet news services” to appoint a person fines stipulated therein did not take into account to be in charge of the protection of the youth. the profound economic changes in recent years, Reflecting the overall deregulation trend in the therefore failing to present adequate penalty industry, the Broadcasting Act has relaxed re- for transgressions. As such, the revision of the strictions on foreign investment in PPs (program Special Act was enacted to address these issues. providers). However, home shopping channels Fines in particular are adjusted in accordance are subject to stricter regulations, as legislators with the National Assembly Secretariat Act and

19 the recommendations by the Anti-Corruption intended to address some of the problems in the and Civil Rights Commission, so as to function current system, by setting up the channel opera- as sufficient deterrence against unlawful acts by tion coverage for RO (replay cable operator) and the citizens. the abolition of the approval system for the local retransmission of terrestrial broadcasts by satel- The Broadcasting Act lite broadcast operators.

• Amendment dated March 13, 2015. • Amendment dated June 22, 2015 2015. 6. 22. Pursuant to the Korea-US Free Trade Agree- ment, when the governments, organizations or The revision is designed to prevent a particular individuals of the foreign countries that are the platform operator in the paid broadcast business contracting parties to the FTA with Korea, as sector from monopolizing the market through decreed by the Minister of Science, ICT and people with a special relationship, thereby Future Planning, own stocks or equity shares in ensuring a market environment for balanced excess of 50 percent of domestic legal entities, growth. When restrictions are imposed in con- such entities are permitted to obtain with no nection with market share of paid broadcast restriction or limit the stocks or equity shares operators, people with a special relationship of domestic PPs, with exception of general PPs, in the overall paid broadcast market are now news PPs and PPs specializing in product pre- taken into account. Broadcasters are required to sentation and sales. maintain the ratio of outsourced programs, but Korea’s home shopping market amounted the clause specifying the ratio of programs made to 10 trillion won as of 2013 with channel op- by people with a special relationship has been erators’ revenue exceeding 3.3 trillion won, deleted. The change is designed to maintain the and 10 percent market growth was projected obligatory ratio of outsourced programs and de- in 2014. This means the business license from regulate broadcast operators in a way that boosts the government can guarantee the operators a investment and nurture desirable production en- huge profit, while the safeguards against unfair vironment involving broadcasters and indepen- business practices were close to inexistent. Leg- dent productions. The move is expected to help islative grounds are now provided through the enhance the competitiveness of Korea’s content revision in order to facilitate the implementation industry at home and abroad. of business suspension or the curtailing of the license or approval periods of the home shopping The Act on the Promotion of News- operators who are found to unfairly determine, papers, etc. cancel or influence the air dates, airtime and production cost of subcontractors. The requirements The Ministry of Gender Equality and Family for registering as a delivery network business monitored 210 Internet newspapers registered operator have been deregulated; in principle, all with the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism the applicants can register. The revision is also for eight months from February to September

20 Chapter1. 2014/2015 Korean Media Overview 2013, and detected 791 advertisements and articles that were likely to produce harmful effects on the youth. This study called for measures to restrict the exposure of content deemed unsuit- able for children and adolescents. Accordingly, the Act is revised to require the Internet newspapers and news services to appoint a person to be in charge of protecting children and adolescents from negative media content, and also stipulates the imposition of fines in case of violation.

21 Chapter 2 Media Market

• Notice public opinion on things limited to special areas, other than politics, industry, science, religion, education or sports. Newspaper companies’ are The Definition of the Newspaper those that publish newspapers. Industry The Newspaper Law defines internet newspapers as electronic periodicals published to The Newspaper Law defines newspaper as peri- spread reports, commentaries, public opinions odicals that are published in the same name, two and information on politics, economy, society, or more times a month, to spread reports, com- culture and other topics by using devices such as mentaries, public opinion and information on computers and communication networks capable general areas such as politics, economy, society, of processing information. To fit this definition, culture, industry, science, religion, education, they have to meet the standards, as designated and sports or a specific area. These newspapers by a presidential order, of independent article are categorized into general daily newspapers, production and continuous publication. Internet special daily newspapers, general weekly news- newspaper companies are defined as those that papers, and special weekly newspapers. publish internet newspapers electronically. General daily newspapers are defined as periodicals published every day to spread reports, Typology of newspapers commentaries, and public opinion on politics, economy, society, culture and other topics. Spe- Except for the internet news service, newspapers cial daily newspapers are defined as periodicals designated by the Newspaper Law are largely published daily to spread reports, commentaries categorized as print or paper newspapers and and public opinion on topics limited to a spe- internet newspapers. This survey categorizes the cial area other than politics, such as industry, newspaper industry in two large areas. science, religion, education or sports. General First, newspapers can be classified into weekly newspapers are defined as periodicals two categories, daily newspapers and weekly published once a week, twice a week or more newspapers. Considering the current newspaper than twice a month to spread reports, commen- environment, daily newspapers might be cat- taries and public opinion on politics, economy, egorized as national general daily newspapers, society, culture and so on. Special weekly local general daily newspapers, economic daily newspapers are defined as periodicals published newspapers, sports daily newspapers, foreign once a week, twice a week or more than twice language daily newspapers, other special daily a month to spread reports, commentaries, and newspapers and free daily newspapers. Weekly

22 Chapter 2. Media Market newspapers can be categorized as national gen- Within the domestic newspaper industry, the eral weekly newspapers, local general weekly number of media entities totaled 3,609. These newspapers and special weekly newspapers. included 1,541 print or paper newspapers and Second, internet newspapers can be catego- 2,068 internet newspapers. The number of me- rized as internet general newspapers, internet lo- dia responding included 1,217 print newspapers, cal newspapers and internet special newspapers, a 79.0% response rate, and 1,416 internet news- according to the characteristics of the news that papers, a response rate of 68.5%. they produce. The number of business entities that respond- Third, national general daily newspapers ed to the survey included 1,031 paper newspa- are print newspapers published and distributed pers, a 78.5% response rate, and 1,188 internet nationwide every day to spread reports, com- newspaper entities, a 66.9% response rate. In all, mentaries and public opinions on nationwide the response ratio based on the number of media politics, economy, society, culture and so forth. was 73.0% and the rate based on the number of This survey places them in two categories, I business entities was 71.8%. and II, based on whether they provide stable management information as newspapers posting The Definition of ‘broadcast’ in the public financial information electronically with Chapter 2 and 3 the Korean Financial Supervisory Commission.1 In these chapters, broadcast refers to broadcasts Survey on the Current Status of providing news reports. Accordingly, data relat- Newspaper Industry ed to comprehensive programming channels and news channels under the Broadcast Act were All daily newspapers, local general weekly collected as primary sources, and other channels newspapers, special weekly newspapers, and (EBS and select religious stations) were added internet newspapers, among the periodicals as secondary sources. Terrestrial DMB channels registered in the Ministry of Culture, Sports and were included in the data since last year. As a Tourism and local autonomous governments result, this book classifies “broadcast” into the as of December 31, 2013, were selected after following subcategories: public broadcast, pri- eliminating duplication, suspension, and closure vate broadcast, religious/specialized broadcast, through phone surveys. Since a newspaper com- comprehensive programming channels and pro- pany can run several kinds of media, all media fessional news channels, and terrestrial DMB. entities were separately categorized.

1 National general daily newspaper categorization criteria: Newspapers that meet all conditions are considered as national general daily newspapers in the first category. Newspapers that meet some but not all of the conditions fall into the second category of national dailies. These conditions include newspapers with nationwide distribution registered as general daily newspapers as defined by the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism. Conditions also require stable and continuous publication for ten or more years. They also must fit the criteria of size as announced by the Financial Supervisory Commission.

23 Types of Media

Large categorization Medium categorization Small categorization

National General Daily NewspaperⅠ 111. National General Daily Newspaper National General Daily NewspaperⅡ

112. Local General Daily Newspaper

113. Economic Daily Newspaper 11. Daily Newspaper 114. Sports Daily Newspaper

1. Newspaper 115. Foreign Language Daily Newspaper

116. Other Special Daily Newspaper

117. Free Daily Newspaper

121. National General Weekly Newspaper

12. Weekly Newspaper 122. Local General Weekly Newspaper

123. Special Weekly Newspaper

211. Public Broadcasting

212. Private Broadcasting

2. Broadcasting 21. Broadcasting 213. Special Broadcasting

214. Cable Channel (Comprehensive / News)

215. Terrestrial DMB

311. General Internet Newspaper

3. Internet Newspaper 31. Internet Newspaper 321. Local Internet Newspaper

331. Special Internet Newspaper

4. News Agency 41. News Agency 411. News Agency

24 Chapter 2. Media Market 2014 Media Market Revenue

Average Average On-year Disclosed Reporters Revenue Revenue Revenue Number of Number of Number of Number of Revenue Revenue Rate by per per Media Category (1 million Disclosing Workers Reporters Companies Growth (1 million Workers Person Company won) Companies (Person) (Person) Rate (%) won) (%) (1 million (1 million won) won)

National Daily l 11 1,415,353 -2.5 11 1,415,353 4,537 2,400 52.9 312 128,668

National Daily ll 15 28,448 8.7 - - 576 431 74.8 49 1,897

Local Daily 107 420,032 4.9 9 224,025 6,054 4,135 68.3 69 3,926

Financial Daily 13 666,108 4.2 8 634,523 3,090 1,851 59.9 216 51,239 Daily News- Sports Daily 4 63,284 -32.0 3 55,234 283 165 58.3 224 15,821 paper Foreign Language 2 16,577 7.6 - - 127 82 64.6 131 8,289 Daily

Special Daily 17 85,246 -20.3 2 42,463 738 425 57.6 116 5,014

Free Daily 2 6,125 -82.3 1 5,278 65 44 67.7 94 3,063

Subtotal 171 2,701,173 -2.4 34 2,376,876 15,470 9,533 61.6 175 15,796

National Weekly 31 43,425 11.2 - - 476 328 68.9 91 1,401 Weekly News- Local Weekly 554 73,572 0.1 - - 3,012 2,152 71.4 24 133 paper Special Weekly 558 237,632 -10.9 - - 4,565 3,179 69.6 52 426

Subtotal 1,143 354,629 -6.5 - - 8,053 5,659 70.3 44 310

Print Newspaper Total 1,314 3,055,802 -2.9 34 2,376,876 23,523 15,192 64.6 130 2,326

Public 21 2,956,387 -0.4 21 2,956,387 9,147 1,445 15.8 323 140,780 Broadcasting

Private 13 1,079,640 8.4 13 1,079,640 2,593 516 19.9 416 83,049 Broadcasting

Broad- Special 10 451,838 3.3 10 451,838 2,568 285 11.1 176 45,184 casting Broadcasting

Cable Channel (Comprehensive/ 6 564,644 20.9 6 564,644 2,434 894 36.7 232 94,107 News)

Terrestrial DMB 3 10,982 -24.9 3 10,982 103 - 0.0 107 3,661

Broadcasting Total 53 5,063,491 3.7 53 5,063,491 16,845 3,140 18.6 301 95,538

General Internet 631 207,306 6.7 5 163,150 5,060 3,360 66.4 41 329 Newspaper Internet Local Internet News- 771 42,850 86.2 - - 2,801 2,387 85.2 15 56 Newspaper paper Special Internet 930 191,930 7.5 - - 5,599 3,616 64.6 34 206 Newspaper

Internet Newspaper Total 2,332 442,086 11.7 5 163,150 13,460 9,363 69.6 33 190

News Agency 15 205,233 6.5 1 128,658 1,679 1,323 78.8 122 13,682

Total 3,714 8,766,612 1.7 93 7,732,175 55,507 29,018 52.3 158 2,360

25 Total Media Revenue, Top 3 Newspapers & Top 3 Terrestrial Broadcasting Companies (1 Million Won)

8,766,612

3,094,462 918,532

Media Industry 3 Newspapers 3 Broadcasters

* 3 Newspapers: Chosun Ilbo, JoongAng Ilbo, Dong-A Ilbo * 3 Broadcasting Companies: KBS(Including local offices), MBC(Excluding local stations), SBS

Newspaper Revenue (1 Million Won)

2012 2013 2014

1,523,477 National 1,478,013 Daily 1,443,800

436,731 Local Daily 400,494 420,032

620,258 Financial 639,375 Daily 666,108

115,838 67,359 Sports Local Daily 93,082 Weekly 73,478 63,284 73,572

281,565 Foreign Language 19,074 Special Daily 15,413 Weekly 266,792 16,577 237,632

Special 90,566 General Internet 189,278 Daily 106,941 Newspaper 194,372 85,246 207,306

Free 79,013 Local Internet 29,320 Daily 34,580 Newspaper 23,018 6,125 42,850

National 28,224 Special Internet 258,040 Weekly 39,043 Newspaper 178,475 43,425 191,930

26 Chapter 2. Media Market Newspaper Revenue On-year Growth Rate & Average Annual Growth Rate (%)

On-year Growth Rate 24.0 Average Annual Growth Rate 11.2 7.6 4.9 4.2 3.6 4.5 0.1

-2.3 -2.7 -1.9 -3.0 -6.8 -8.1 -10.9

-20.3 -26.1 -32.0

-72.2

-82.3

National Local Financial Sports Foreign Special Free National Local Special Daily Daily Daily Daily Language Daily Daily Weekly Weekly Weekly Daily

Broadcasting Revenue (1 Million Won)

2013 2014 5,063,491 4,883,306

2,967,767 2,956,387

996,404 1,079,640

437,514 451,838 467,005 564,644 14,616 10,982

Public Private Special Cable Channel Terrestrial Total Broadcasting Broadcasting Broadcasting (Comprehensive/News) DMB

27 Broadcasting Revenue On-year Growth Rate (%)

20.9 Total = 3.7

8.4

3.3

-0.4

-24.9

Public Private Special Cable Channel Terrestrial Broadcasting Broadcasting Broadcasting (Comprehensive/News) DMB

Newspaper Sector-based Revenue (1 Million Won)

Value-Added & Advertising Printed Paid Internet Category Other Business Total Percentage(%) Revenue Newspapers Sales Content Sales Earnings Daily 1,614,559 624,487 368,866 93,261 2,701,173 77.2 Print Weekly 164,348 54,289 124,529 11,463 354,629 10.2 Newspapers Total 1,778,907 678,776 493,395 104,724 3,055,802 87.4 Internet Newspapers 175,665 213,577 - 52,844 442,086 12.6 Total 1,954,572 892,353 493,395 157,568 3,497,888 100.0

Broadcasting Sector Revenue (1 Million Won)

Broadcasting Business Earnings Total Broad- Other Broad- TV Other TV Program Advertis- Sponsor- casting Broad- Category Total casting Retrans- Program Event Business Reception Provide ing ship Facilities cast Business mission Sales Revenue Earnings Fee Fee Revenue Earnings Lease Business Earnings Fee Revenue Earnings Public Broadcasting 2,956,387 2,780,585 624,983 116,302 5,130 1,227,067 196,659 448,865 0 0 161,579 175,801 Private Broadcasting 1,079,640 1,032,373 0 38,841 27 607,860 125,227 223,238 0 0 37,180 47,266 Special Broadcasting 451,838 176,126 0 0 5,812 59,376 41,667 909 0 0 68,362 275,711 Cable Channels (Comprehensive/ 564,644 537,353 0 0 60,505 292,184 137,145 23,535 595 16,936 6,453 27,291 News) Terrestrial DMB 10,982 10,430 0 0 0 3,732 433 1,480 0 0 4,785 552 Total 5,063,491 4,536,867 624,983 155,143 71,474 2,190,219 501,131 698,027 595 16,936 278,359 526,621

28 Chapter 2. Media Market Media Revenue by Region (1 Million Won)

Foreign Number of National National Local Financial Sports Special Free National Local Special Category Language Companies Daily I Daily II Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily Weekly Weekly Weekly Daily Seoul 1,686 1,415,353 23,498 2,051 664,770 63,284 16,577 83,990 5,278 42,558 6,931 214,746 Busan 84 63,837 1,338 1,256 603 3,851 Daegu 65 61,415 741 1,421 Incheon 103 7,921 167 1,471 1,769 Gwangju 101 27,799 847 1,185 1,010 Daejeon 77 31,539 697 567 Ulsan 35 10,789 798 584 Sejong 15 547 7 Metropolitan 480 0 0 203,300 1,338 0 0 1,256 847 167 6,042 9,202 cities Gyeonggi 609 4,950 81,699 167 14,663 9,541 Gangwon 76 44,725 4,172 141 North Chung- 82 15,910 4,605 322 cheong South Chung- 123 70 9,950 488 cheong North Jeolla 84 21,480 3,295 931 South Jeolla 167 130 7,915 71 North Gyeong- 218 13,712 6,565 475 sang South Gyeong- 147 22,174 533 8,720 692 sang Jeju 42 14,781 714 1,023 9 Provinces 1,548 0 4,950 214,681 0 0 0 0 0 700 60,599 13,684 Total 3,714 1,415,353 28,448 420,032 666,108 63,284 16,577 85,246 6,125 43,425 73,572 237,632

Public Private Special Cable Channel General Local Special Terres- News Percentage Category Broadcast- Broadcast- Broad- (Comprehen- Internet Internet Internet Total trial DMB Agency (%) ing ing casting sive/News) Newspaper Newspaper Newspaper Seoul 2,576,318 795,687 447,128 564,644 10,982 187,450 2,530 159,527 205,007 7,488,309 85.4 Busan 38,100 57,932 2,411 0 0 1,562 1,796 963 173,649 2.0 Daegu 33,890 35,611 0 0 0 1,009 535 1,966 6 136,594 1.6 Incheon 0 6,602 0 0 0 1,429 1,346 2,424 23,129 0.3 Gwangju 25,267 30,407 2,299 0 0 1,129 950 3,004 93,897 1.1 Daejeon 26,947 25,604 0 0 0 1,254 1,043 1,498 6 89,155 1.0 Ulsan 25,782 20,563 0 0 0 153 1,276 298 60,243 0.7 Sejong 0 0 0 0 0 114 1,887 0 2,548 0.0 7 Metropolitan 149,986 176,719 4,710 0 0 6,650 8,833 10,153 12 579,215 6.6 cities Gyeonggi 0 42,266 0 0 0 7,897 9,322 16,345 214 187,064 2.1 Gangwon 54,320 18,816 0 0 0 823 944 881 124,822 1.4 North Chun- 27,411 15,013 0 0 0 29 1,178 517 64,985 0.7 gcheong South Chun- 0 0 0 0 0 670 3,022 932 15,132 0.2 gcheong North Jeolla 20,901 18,633 0 0 0 44 2,145 549 67,978 0.8 South Jeolla 31,045 0 0 0 0 1,296 5,566 1,356 47,379 0.5 North Gyeong- 29,121 0 0 0 0 1,293 6,065 707 57,938 0.7 sang South Gyeong- 49,798 0 0 0 0 771 1,890 845 85,423 1.0 sang Jeju 17,486 12,506 0 0 0 383 1,355 118 48,366 0.6 9 Provinces 230,082 107,234 0 0 0 13,206 31,487 22,250 214 699,087 8.0 Total 2,956,387 1,079,640 451,838 564,644 10,982 207,306 42,850 191,930 205,233 8,766,612 100.0

29 Chapter 3 Media Workers

Number of Media Workers (2014)

Number of Workers Reporters Rate of Reporters by Workers within Reporters within Category Companies (Person) (Person) Workers (%) Media (%) Media (%) National Daily l 11 4,537 2,400 52.9 8.2 8.3 National Daily ll 15 576 431 74.8 1.0 1.5 Local Daily 107 6,054 4,135 68.3 10.9 14.2

Daily Financial Daily 13 3,090 1,851 59.9 5.6 6.4 Newspaper Sports Daily 4 283 165 58.3 0.5 0.6 Foreign Language Daily 2 127 82 64.6 0.2 0.3 Special Daily 17 738 425 57.6 1.3 1.5 Free Daily 2 65 44 67.7 0.1 0.2 Subtotal 171 15,470 9,533 61.6 27.8 32.9 National Weekly 31 476 328 68.9 0.9 1.1 Weekly Local Weekly 554 3,012 2,152 71.4 5.4 7.4 Newspaper Special Weekly 558 4,565 3,179 69.6 8.2 11.0 Subtotal 1,143 8,053 5,659 70.3 14.5 19.5 Print Newspaper Total 1,314 23,523 15,192 64.6 42.4 52.4 Public Broadcasting 21 9,147 1,445 15.8 16.5 5.0 Private Broadcasting 13 2,593 516 19.9 4.7 1.8 Special Broadcasting 10 2,568 285 11.1 4.6 1.0 Broadcasting Cable Channel 6 2,434 894 36.7 4.4 3.1 (Comprehensive/News) Terrestrial DMB 3 103 0 0.0 0.2 0.0 Broadcasting Total 53 16,845 3,140 18.6 30.3 10.8 General Internet Newspaper 631 5,060 3,360 66.4 9.1 11.6 Internet Local Internet Newspaper 771 2,801 2,387 85.2 5.0 8.2 Newspaper Special Internet Newspaper 930 5,599 3,616 64.6 10.1 12.5 Internet Newspaper Total 2,332 13,460 9,363 69.6 24.2 32.3 News Agency 15 1,679 1,323 78.8 3.0 4.6 Total 3,714 55,507 29,018 52.3 100.0 100.0

30 Chapter 3. Media Workers Media Worker Numbers in the Past 2 Years (person)

On-year Average Number of Workers Category 2013 2014 Growth Rate Per Media Outlet (%) 2013 2014 National Daily l 4,478 4,537 1.3 407 412 National Daily ll 754 576 -23.6 47 38 Local Daily 6,058 6,054 -0.1 56 57 Financial Daily 2,938 3,090 5.2 294 238 Daily Sports Daily 323 283 -12.4 54 71 Newspaper Foreign Language Daily 115 127 10.4 58 64

Print Special Daily 789 738 -6.5 42 43 Newspaper Free Daily 128 65 -49.2 32 33 Subtotal 15,583 15,470 -0.7 88 90 National Weekly 453 476 5.1 18 15

Weekly Local Weekly 2,301 3,012 30.9 5 5 Newspaper Special Weekly 4,017 4,565 13.6 6 8 Subtotal 6,771 8,053 18.9 6 7 Print Newspaper Total 22,354 23,523 5.2 17 18 Public Broadcasting 9,378 9,147 -2.5 426 436 Private Broadcasting 2,762 2,593 -6.1 212 199 Special Broadcasting 1,979 2,568 29.8 220 257 Broadcasting Cable Channel 2,524 2,434 -3.6 421 406 (Comprehensive/News) Terrestrial DMB 112 103 -8.0 37 34 Broadcasting Total 16,755 16,845 0.5 316 318 General Internet Newspaper 4,080 5,060 24.0 8 8 Local Internet Newspaper 1,844 2,801 51.9 4 4 Internet Newspaper Special Internet Newspaper 5,217 5,599 7.3 7 6 Internet Newspaper Total 11,141 13,460 20.8 6 6 News Agency* 1,633 1,679 2.8 117 112 Total 51,883 55,507 7.0 16 15

31 Print Newspaper Worker Numbers in the Past 3 Years (person)

5,720 National Daily 5,232 5,113 6,353 Local Daily 6,058 6,054 2,752 Financial Daily 2,938 3,090 424 Sports Daily 323 283 114 Foreign Language Daily 115 2012 127 2013 946 Special Daily 789 2014 738 280 Free Daily 128 65 503 National Weekly 453 476 2,521 Local Weekly 2,301 3,012 6,379 Special Weekly 4,017 4,565

Broadcasting Worker Numbers in the Past 3 Years (person)

2012 2013 2014 9,188 9,378 9,147

2,695 2,762 2,593 2,568 2,502 2,524 2,434 2,046 1,979

105 112 103

Public Private Special Cable Channel Terrestrial Broadcasting Broadcasting Broadcasting (Comprehensive/News) DMB

32 Chapter 3. Media Workers Internet Newspaper Worker Numbers In the Past 3 Years (person)

2012 6,100 5,599 5,217 2013 5,060 2014 4,080 3,291 2,801 2,073 1,844

General Internet Local Internet Special Internet Newspaper Newspaper Newspaper

Media Workers by Employment Type (%) Media Workers by Gender (%)

Full-Time Part-Time Male Female

72.3 71.4 70.6

80.6 84.8 82.5 27.7 28.6 29.4

19.4 15.2 17.5

2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014

33 Media Workers by Gender & Employment Type (person) Media Workers by Region (person)

1 Part-Time Male Part-Time Female 7 10.9 6.6 2 3 5 6 4

9 Provinces 11,528

Full-Time Seoul Full-Time 7 Metropolitan Male 36,980 Female Cities 59.7 6,999 22.8

Newspaper Workers by Newspaper Workers by Age (person) Educational Background (person)

8,243 (22.3%) 30,112 (81.4%) 6,826 (18.5%) 6,494 6,014 (17.6%) 5,599 (16.3%) (15.1%)

3,807 (10.3%)

3,152 2,024 1,695 (8.5%) (4.6%) (5.5%)

Under 30~34 35~39 40~44 45~49 50 or High School College University Graduate 29 Older Graduate Graduate Graduate School or Under or Higher

34 Chapter 3. Media Workers Print Newspaper Workers by Sector (person)

Executive 1,828 (7.8%) 14,068 (59.8%)

Planning 551 (2.3%)

Editorial 609 (2.6%)

Newsroom

AD/Marketing 1,824 (7.8%) Management Supporting 1,933 (8.2%) /Finance

Production 719 (3.1%)

Publishing 271 (1.2%)

Customer Support 371 (1.6%)

Research Center 92 (0.4%)

Other 1,257 (5.3%)

Internet Newspaper Workers by Sector (person)

Executive 2,470 (18.4%)

Planning 226 (1.7%)

Editorial 89 (0.7%)

Newsroom 7,222 (53.7%)

AD/Marketing 872 (6.5%)

Management Supporting 1,120 (8.3%) /Finance

Production 384 (2.9%)

Publishing 72 (0.5%)

Customer Support 101 (0.8%)

Research Center 99 (0.7%)

Other 805 (6.0%)

35 Number of Reporters (person)

On-year Percentage of Average Number of Percentage Category 2013 2014 Growth Rate Reporters (%) Reporters per company (%) (%) 2013 2014 2013 2014 National Daily l 2,431 2,400 8.3 -1.3 54.3 52.9 221 218 National Daily ll 548 431 1.5 -21.4 72.7 74.8 34 29 Local Daily 4,418 4,135 14.2 -6.4 72.9 68.3 41 39 Daily Financial Daily 1,683 1,851 6.4 10.0 57.3 59.9 168 142 News- paper Sports Daily 207 165 0.6 -20.3 64.1 58.3 35 41 Foreign Language Daily 84 82 0.3 -2.4 73.0 64.6 42 41 Special Daily 420 425 1.5 1.2 53.2 57.6 22 25 Free Daily 74 44 0.2 -40.5 57.8 67.7 19 22 Subtotal 9,865 9,533 32.9 -3.4 63.3 61.6 56 56 National Weekly 301 328 1.1 9.0 66.4 68.9 12 11 Weekly News- Local Weekly 1,774 2,152 7.4 21.3 77.1 71.4 4 4 paper Special Weekly 3,115 3,179 11.0 2.1 77.5 69.6 5 6 Subtotal 5,190 5,659 19.5 9.0 76.7 70.3 5 5 Print Newspaper Total 15,055 15,192 52.4 0.9 67.3 64.6 11 12 Public Broadcasting 1,442 1,445 5.0 0.2 15.4 15.8 66 69 Private Broadcasting 548 516 1.8 -5.8 19.8 19.9 42 40 Broad- Special Broadcasting 243 285 1.0 17.3 12.3 11.1 27 29 casting Cable Channel 863 894 3.1 3.6 34.2 62.4 144 149 (Comprehensive/News) Terrestrial DMB 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 Broadcasting Total 3,096 3,140 10.8 1.4 18.5 19.8 58 59 General Internet Newspaper 2,954 3,360 11.6 13.7 72.4 66.4 6 5 Internet News- Local Internet Newspaper 1,664 2,387 8.2 43.4 90.2 85.2 3 3 paper Special Internet Newspaper 3,383 3,616 12.5 6.9 64.8 64.6 4 4 Internet Newspaper Total 8,001 9,363 32.3 17.0 71.8 69.6 5 4 News Agency 1,246 1,323 4.6 6.2 76.3 78.8 89 88 Total 27,398 29,018 100.0 5.9 52.8 53.2 9 8

36 Chapter 3. Media Workers Reporters by Gender & Reporters by Gender & Employment Type (1) (person) Employment Type (2) (person)

23,091 (79.6%) 20,711 (71.4%) 16,579 (57.1%)

8,307 6,512 5,927 (28.6%) (22.4%) 4,132 (20.4%) 1,795 (14.2%) (6.2%)

Full-Time Part-Time Female Male Full-Time Full-Time Part-Time Part-Time Female Male Female Male

Newspaper Reporters Rate by Workers Newspaper Reporters by Age (person)

68.8% 4,933 66.4% (20.1%) 4,518 60.0% 4,200 (18.4%) 4,067 4,147 (17.1%) (16.6%) (16.9%)

2,690 (11.0%)

Under 30~34 35~39 40~44 45~49 50 or 29 Older 2012 2013 2014

37 Newspaper Reporters by Educational Background (person)

High School Graduate or Under Graduate School or Higher

College Graduate 851 999 (3.5%) (4.1%) 1,572 (6.4%)

University Graduate 21,133 (86.1%)

Print Newspaper Reporters by Sector (person)

11,137 (73.3%)

2,966 (19.5%)

573 178 305 (3.8%) 33 (1.2%) (0.2%) (2.0%)

News Reporter Editor Photo/ Subeditor Investigative Other Video Reporter Reporter

38 Chapter 3. Media Workers Internet Newspaper Reporters by Sector (person)

6,299 (67.3%)

1,519 (16.2%) 998 360 (10.7%) 113 (3.8%) 74 (1.2%) (0.8%)

News Reporter Editor Photo/ Subeditor Investigative Other Video Reporter Reporter

39 Chapter 4 Print Newspaper Market

Periodical Registration Numbers, 2012~2014

Category 2012 2013 2014 Daily 324 363 374 News Agency 14 15 18 Other 369 353 360 Weekly 3,014 3,138 3,289 Monthly 4,512 4,696 4,905 Bimonthly 611 646 665 Quarterly 1,354 1,408 1,495 Annual/Biannual 451 506 551 Internet Newspaper 3,914 4,916 5,950 Total 14,563 16,041 17,607 Source: Periodicals List Analysis by the MCT

Corporate Structure (n=1,103)

681 (61.7%)

225 (20.4%)

104 (9.4%) 34 20 25 13 (3.1%) (1.8%) (2.3%) 1 (1.2%) (0.1%)

Corporation Private Corporate Voluntary Limited/ Incorporated Government/ No Business Body Association Partnership/ Foundation Local Answer Unlimited Government Partnership

40 Chapter 4. Print Newspaper Market Morning and Evening Edition, Daily Newspapers (n=181)

14 (7.7%)

No Answer

Morning Paper 160 (88.4%) Evening Paper 7 (3.9%)

Publication Cycle, Weekly Newspapers (n=935)

490 (52.4%)

333 (35.6%)

77 13 22 (8.2%) (1.4%) (2.4%)

Twice a week Once a week Every 10 days Biweekly Other

Print Newspapers with/ Print Newspapers with/ without Codes of Ethics (n=1,214) without Editorial Rules (n=1,214)

No Answer No Answer 217 217 (17.9%) (17.9%) Without Without 55 74 (4.5%) With (6.1%) With 942 923 (77.6%) (76.0%)

41 Print Newspapers with/without Ombudsman System (n=1,214)

With No Answer 181 217 (14.9%) (17.9%)

Without 816 (67.2%)

Flow Chart of Newspaper Distribution

Mail Delivery Mailman Newspaper

Korean Newspaper Newspaper Circulation Service Delivery Man

Newspaper’s Direct Newspaper Reader Branch Delivery Man

Publication/ Newsstand Wholesale Outlet Retail Outlet Salespeople

Free Newspaper Direct Distribution of Free Copies Distributor

Advertising Revenue for Print Media (100 million won)

Advertising Revenue Growth Rate (%) Percentage (%) Category Media 2012 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 Newspaper 16,543 15,447 14,943 -6.6 -3.3 16.1 15.5 Print Media Magazine 5,076 4,650 4,378 -8.4 -5.9 4.8 4.5 Total 21,620 20,097 19,320 -7.0 -3.9 21.0 20.0 Source: Cheil Worldwide Inc.

42 Chapter 4. Print Newspaper Market Daily Circulation Figures (2014) (Sorted by Paid Copies)

Newspaper Net Press Run Paid Copies Chosun Ilbo 1,673,049 1,294,931 JoongAng Ilbo 1,056,946 795,209 Dong-A Ilbo 916,546 737,053 Maeil Business Newspaper 725,701 553,823 The Korea Economic Daily 505,263 350,952 Nongmin Newspaper 297,567 283,798 Hankyoreh 244,830 198,931 Sports Chosun 219,531 178,409 Kyunghyang Daily News 215,131 169,058 Munhwa Ilbo 170,460 149,401 Kukmin Ilbo 201,322 141,648 Hankook Ilbo 199,613 141,375 Sports Donga 169,744 136,266 Ilgan Sports 190,774 135,629 Sports Seoul 172,264 121,591 Seoul Shinmun 161,131 110,217 Segye Times 89,583 65,765 Money Today 75,276 57,494 Seoul Economic Daily 81,725 54,977 Electronic Times 62,359 50,148 Sports Kyunghyang 67,978 49,495 Naeil Shinmun 58,584 47,027 Herald Business 56,988 40,898 Asia Economic Daily 35,000 26,016 The Korea Herald 30,973 21,542 Financial News 34,084 20,282 Chunji Ilbo 27,163 17,530 Korea Joonang Daily 19,013 16,655 E daily 30,194 15,025 Thr Korea Times 20,701 14,852 Aju Economic 20,000 14,656 Aju Economic-Chinese 20,000 14,656 E Today 21,966 13,897 Geonseol Economic 20,000 11,976 Digital Times 21,290 10,188 Asia Today 20,550 10,027 Source: Korea Audit Bureau of Circulation

43 Chapter 5 Broadcasting Market

Number of Firms by Broadcast Media

Satellite Broadcaster, 1 IPTV, 3

Terrestrial TV, 32

Relay Cable, 65

Terrestrial Radio, 21 Cable System Operator, 92 Terrestrial DMB, 19

Program Provider, 181

The Korea Communications Commission provided all data in this chapter. More detailed data is available in its annual report, Broadcast Industry Status Research Report(2015)

44 Chapter 5. Broadcasting Market Number of Terrestrial Broadcast Station as of March, 2015

Radio Category Digital TV Total AM FM Short wave Subtotal KBS(Headquarter + 18 Local Offices) 32 25 49 2 76 108 EBS 1 1 1 2 MBC 1 1 2 3 4 MBC(17 Local Stations) (Busan, Ulsan, Gyeongnam, Daegu, Andong, Pohang, Gwangju, 19 19 38 57 76 Mokpo, Yeosu, Daejeon, Cheongju, Chungju, Jeonju, Jeju, Chuncheon, Wonju, Gangwon Yeongdong) SBS 1 1 2 3 4 KNN 1 1 1 2 TBC 1 1 1 2 KBC 1 1 1 2 TJB 1 1 1 2 Local Private Broadcasting(9) JTV 1 1 1 2 CJB 1 1 1 2 JIBS 1 1 1 2 UBC 1 1 1 2 G1 1 1 1 2 OBS 1 1

Local Radio Kyung-In Broadcasting 1 1 1 Station(2) Gyeonggi Broadcasting 1 1 1 CBS 5 16 21 21 BBS 7 7 7 Religious PBC 5 5 5 Broadcasting(5) WBS 5 5 5 FEBC 2 10 12 12 TBN 10 10 10 Traffic Station(2) tbs 1 1 1 Seoul tbs-eFM(English) 1 1 1 News(1) YTN Radio 1 1 1 Traditional Music(1) Gugak Broadcasting Foundaion 2 2 2 The Korea International Broadcasting Foundation 1 1 1 English Gwangju English Broadcasting Foundation 1 1 1 Broadcasting(3) Busan English Broadcasting Foundation 1 1 1 Gwanak FM 1 1 1 Mapo FM 1 1 1 Seongnam FM 1 1 1 Community Sungseo FM 1 1 1 Radio(7) Yeongju FM 1 1 1 Bukgu FM 1 1 1 Kumkang FM 1 1 1

45 Channel Status of Terrestrial Broadcast Stations as of March, 2015

Channels Affiliated Category Broadcaster PP(Program TV Radio DMB Provider) Channel U KBS KBS N Sports 1AM, 2AM, 3AM U KBS Star KBS 1TV KBS Drama 1FM, 2FM U KBS Heart KBS KBS 2TV KBS Prime Han Nation U KBS Music KBS WORLD TV KBS joy KBS World Radio U KBS Clover KBS Kids Non-metro Single MBC My MBC MBC Drama Public (17 Local Stations: Busan, Ulsan, Gyeongnam, DMB TV MBC every1 AM Broadcasting Daegu, Andong, Pohang, Gwangju, Mokpo, DMB Radio MBC LIFE MBC TV Standard FM Yeosu, Daejeon, Cheongju, Chungju, DMB Data MBC MUSIC FM4U Jeonju, Jeju, Chuncheon, Wonju, Terrestrial DMB MBC NET Gangwon Yeongdong) operating by local MBC SPORTS+ EBS plus1 EBS plus2 EBS EBS TV EBS FM EBS English EBS u SBS Plus SBS E! SBS u AM SBS Golf DMB TV SBS SBS TV Love FM SBS ESPN DMB Radio Power FM SBS CNBC DMB Data SBS MTV Nickelodeon KNN KNN TV PSB FM KNN u TBC TBC TV TBC FM TBC u Private KBC KBC TV KBC FM KBC u Broadcasting TJB TJB TV TJB FM TJB u UBC UBC TV UBC FM JTV JTV TV JTV FM CJB CJB TV CJB FM G1(former GTB) G1 TV G1 FM G1 u JIBS JIBS TV JIBS FM JIBS u OBS OBS Kyeong-in TV Media OBS Local Radio Kyung-In Broadcasting iTVFM Station Gyeonggi Broadcasting KFM CBS (14 local Stations: Seoul, Daegu, Busan, CBS AM Gwangju Jeonbuk, Cheongju, Chuncheon, CBS Standard FM CBS TV Daejeon, Ulsan, Pohang, Gyeongnam, Jeju, CBS Music FM Yeongdong, Jeonnam) BBS (7 local Stations: Seoul, Busan, Gwangju, BBS FM BBS Daegu, Cheongju, Chuncheon, Ulsan) Religious PBS PBD/ SKY Pyeong- Broadcasting (5 local Stations: Seoul, Daejeon, PBC FM hwa Daegu, Busan, Gwangju) FEBC (11 local Stations: Seoul, Daejeon, Yeongdong, FEBC AM Jeju, Mokpo, Changwon, Pohang, FEBC FM Ulsan, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju) WBS (5 local Stations: Seoul, Busan, WBS FM Daegu, Gwangju, Jeonbuk) Road Traffic Authority TBN DMB (10 regions: Seoul metropolitan area, Busan, Traffic Station TBN FM (YTN DMB Radio TBN Gwangju, Daegu, Daejeon, Incheon, Wonju, rental) Jeonju, Ulsan, Changwon)

46 Chapter 5. Broadcasting Market Channels Affiliated Category Broadcaster PP(Program TV Radio DMB Provider) Channel tbs FM Love tbs tbs eFM Traffic Station TBS (Hankook DMB TV TBS TV (English rental) Broadcasting) The Korea International Broadcasting Foun- Arirang English FM Arirang DMB Arirang TV dation English Broadcasting Gwangju English Broadcasting Foundation GFM Busan English Broadcasting Foundation Busan-eFM YTN News YTN Radio YTN FM YTN DMB Science TV Broadcasting YTN Weather Gugak FM Traditional Gugak FM (8 regions: Seoul, Namwon, Gangneung, Music Gugak Gwangju Jindo, Gyeongju, Jeonju, Busan, Daegu)

News Channel Status of Terrestrial Broadcast Stations as of December, 2014

Category Broadcaster TV Radio DMB 1AM KBS 1TV U KBS Star KBS 2AM KBS 2TV U KBS Heart 3AM Public Broadcasting MBC MBC TV AM My MBC TV (17 Local stations) EBS EBS TV SBS u TV SBS SBS TV AM SBS V-Radio KNN KNN TV KNN u TBC TBC TV TBC FM TBC u KBC KBC TV KBC FM KBC u TJB TJB TV TJB u Private UBC UBC TV UBC FM Broadcasting JTV JTV TV CJB CJB TV G1 G1 TV G1 u JIBS JIBS TV JIBS u OBS OBS Kyeong-in TV Local Radio Kyung-In Broadcasting iTV FM Station Gyeonggi Broadcasting KFM CBS AM CBS CBS Standard FM BBS BBS FM Religious PBS PBC FM Broadcasting FEBC AM FEBC FEBC Standard FM WBS WBS FM Road Traffic Authority TBN FM Traffic Station TBS tbs eFM The Korea International Broadcasting Foundation Arirang English FM English Gwangju English Broadcasting Foundation GFM Station Busan English Broadcasting Foundation Busan-eFM News Station YTN Radio YTN News FM YTN DMB

47 Program Genres by Public Broadcast Stations

News Culture Entertainment Station Media Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) 1TV 164,670 31.6 289,380 55.5 67,815 13.0 2TV 44,065 9.7 200,970 44.4 208,025 45.9 KBS 1AM 191,792 36.5 311,668 59.3 22,140 4.2 2AM 19,290 4.0 236,637 49.1 225,873 46.9 3AM 101,040 22.0 306,305 66.6 52,555 11.4 EBS TV 7,056 1.5 455,210 98.5 0 0.0 TV 104,960 20.3 177,225 34.3 234,015 45.3 MBC R(AM) 72,695 13.9 356,405 68.1 94,400 18.0

Broadcast Channel Status of Comprehensive Programming Channels & Cable News Channels

Category Provider Channel jTBC jTBC Chosun Broadcasting TV Chosun Comprehensive Programming Channel Channel A Channel A Maeil Broadcasting MBN Yonhap News TV Yonhap News TV Cable News Channel YTN YTN

Broadcast Programming of Private Stations

News Culture Entertainment Station Media Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) TV 74,480 16.0 175,059 37.7 214,979 46.3 SBS R(AM) 72,967 13.9 240,416 45.9 210,057 40.1 KNN TV 114,615 24.8 153,989 33.3 193,609 41.9 TV 68,665 14.7 222,075 47.5 176,343 37.8 TBC R(FM) 3,680 0.7 305,430 58.4 214,130 40.9 TV 110,269 23.6 158,614 33.9 199,186 42.6 KBC R(FM) 6,385 1.2 0 0.0 517,775 98.8 TJB TV 99,530 21.5 183,533 39.6 180,720 39.0 TV 95,107 20.5 199,226 42.9 170,362 36.7 UBC R(FM) 1,260 0.2 304,500 58.2 217,680 41.6 JTV TV 93,968 20.3 175,176 37.8 194,779 42.0 CJB TV 90,080 19.4 184,070 39.6 190,363 41.0 G1 TV 88,405 19.0 171,659 36.9 204,664 44.0 JIBS TV 100,276 21.7 174,272 37.7 188,085 40.7 OBS TV 68,285 15.2 250,105 55.9 129,400 28.9 Kyung-In Broadcasting R(FM) 18,840 3.6 64,484 12.3 442,276 84.1 Gyeonggi Broadcasting R(FM) 110,208 21.0 218,971 41.7 196,421 37.4

48 Chapter 5. Broadcasting Market Broadcast Programming of Religious Stations and Special Stations

News Culture Entertainment Station Media Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) CBS Seoul R(FM) 56,178 10.7 467,982 89.3 0 0.0 PBC Seoul R(FM) 42,245 9.2 317,806 69.1 99,849 21.7 BBS R(FM) 70,343 14.6 327,624 68.0 83,833 17.4 WBS R(FM) 39,620 7.6 343,880 65.7 139,940 26.7 The Korea International R(FM) 41,500 7.9 302,070 57.5 182,030 34.6 Broadcasting Foundation TBS tbs(FM) 25,558 4.9 347,222 67.2 143,820 27.8 Ko Rood TBN(FM) 394,200 90.0 21,900 5.0 21,900 5.0 Gwangju English R(FM) 45,575 9.6 158,880 33.4 270,729 57.0 Broadcasting Foundation Busan English R(FM) 52,567 10.0 275,368 52.4 197,665 37.6 Broadcasting Foundation YTN Radio R(FM) 327,591 62.3 198,009 37.7 0 0.0

Yearly Programming of Terrestrial DMB Broadcasters

News Culture Entertainment Stations Media Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) U KBS STAR 165,520 31.7 290,525 55.7 65,820 12.6 KBS TV U KBS HEART 33,390 7.4 211,380 46.7 208,290 46.0 MBC TV MY MBC 106,415 20.6 166,935 32.3 243,065 47.1 TV SBS u TV 87,215 16.8 174,230 33.6 257,125 49.6 SBS SBSuDMB Radio 61,766 11.8 218,117 41.7 243,557 46.5 Radio YTN DMB TV YTN DMB 402,195 76.5 62,730 11.9 41,885 8.0 Hankook DMB TV QBS 115,035 22.0 251,040 48.0 156,655 30.0 U1 Media TV U1 TV 79,600 15.4 277,870 53.8 158,710 30.7

Broadcast Production Cost by Sources

Terrestrial Broadcasting Program Provider Total Category Cost Cost Cost Minutes Minutes Minutes (100 million won) (100 million won) (100 million won) In-house Production 24,858,948 4,909 38,525,478 5,926 63,384,426 10,835 Joint Production 7,105,666 74 503,592 44 7,609,258 119 Outsourcing 1,209,050 4,655 1,814,976 2,530 3,024,026 7,185 Affiliate Outsourcing 118,230 466 26,937 398 145,167 864 Purchase of Domestic 332,206 107 9,380,756 3,307 9,712,962 3,414 Program Purchase of Foreign Program 145,514 74 4,509,171 2,401 4,654,685 2,475 Total 33,769,614 10,284 54,760,910 14,607 88,530,524 24,891

49 Yearly Program Production Distribution of Terrestrial Broadcast Stations (100 million won)

6,753 2012 (Total = 11,928) 5,382 2013 (Total = 10,296) 4,909 4,655 2014 (Total = 10,284) 4,225 4,100

525 515 466 219 106 74 84 105 107 122 88 74 In - house Joint Outsourcing Affiliate Purchase Purchase of Production Production Outsourcing of Domestic Foreign Program Program

Outsourcing Costs of Terrestrial Broadcast Stations (100 million won)

2012 1,914 1,670 1,764 2013 1,589 1,543 1,554 1,460 2014 1,260 1,090

11 14 13 50 46 39

KBS MBC SBS Local MBC Local Private (Headquarter) Broadcasting

Yearly Program Production Distribution of Program Providers (100 million won)

8,892 2012 (Total = 16,705) 7,962 2013 (Total = 15,014) 2014 (Total = 14,607) 5,926

3,307 2,783 2,530 2,395 2,371 2,401 2,182 2,155 1,921

498 398 188 56 44 316 In - house Joint Outsourcing Affiliate Purchase Purchase of Production Production Outsourcing of Domestic Foreign Program Program

50 Chapter 5. Broadcasting Market Broadcast Programming of Terrestrial Stations in 2014

News Culture Entertainment Category Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%)

KBS 1TV 164,670 31.6 289,380 55.5 67,815 13.0

KBS 2TV 44,065 9.7 200,970 44.4 208,025 45.9

MBC TV 104,960 20.3 177,225 34.3 234,015 45.3

SBS TV 74,480 16.0 175,059 37.7 214,979 46.3

EBS TV 7,056 1.5 455,210 98.5 0 0.0

YTN Radio 327,591 62.3 198,009 37.7 0 0.0

Broadcast Programming of Terrestrial Stations by Sources

Purchase of Domestic and Foreign In-house/Joint Production Outsourcing Category Programs Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%)

KBS 1TV 309,400 59.3 187,550 35.9 24,915 4.8

KBS 2TV 143,485 31.7 289,090 63.8 20,485 4.5

MBC TV 268,670 52.0 235,590 45.6 11,940 2.3

SBS TV 201,805 43.4 252,683 54.4 10,030 2.2

EBS TV 245,210 53.0 142,017 30.7 75,039 16.2

Domestic Broadcast Sales and Purchasing (100 million won)

2012 2013 2014 3,570 3,695 3,449

2,986 2,799 2,599 2,457 2,303 2,015 1,637 1,345 1,294

849 670 343 154 187 124

Terrestrial Program Total Terrestrial Program Total Broadcasting Provider Broadcasting Provider

Domestic Sales Domestic Purchasing

51 Broadcasters’ Import and Export Figures

2013 Program (Unit) Import 2013 Amount ($1,000)

2014 Program (Unit) 2014 Amount ($1,000) 111,341 114,450

53,779 59,338 18,767 16,762 20,046 17,843 1,279 3,109 1,081 5,559 Terrestrial Broadcasting Program Provider Total

256,275 239,435 237,620 Export 212,069 191,403 156,341 136,586 117,395 81,279 48,032 44,206 19,191

Terrestrial Broadcasting Program Provider Total

Broadcast Program, Imports and Exports, 2011~2014 ($ 10,000)

Terrestrial Broadcasting Program Provider

21,207 19,140 Import Volume

15,807 15,351 Export Volume 12,367 12,356 11,134

4,803 5,378 4,421 2,621

425 447 311 556 1,087

2011 2012 2013 2014 2011 2012 2013 2014

52 Chapter 5. Broadcasting Market Broadcast Program, Imports and Exports by Foreign Markets ($ 10,000)

Japan 6,788 United States of America 203 Hong Kong 4,878 United Kingdom 188 China 4,321 Hungary 27 Taiwan 1,411 France 23 Thailand 1,130 Germany 23 Vietnam 724 18 Netherlands United States of America 547 14 China Singapore 310 Terrestrial 14 Terrestrial Broadcasting Canada Broadcasting Philippines 288 Export 10 Import Singapore Cambodia 139 9 Hong Kong

China 1,372 United States of America 3,939 Japan 1,114 Japan 800 Hong Kong 392 United Kingdom 128 Singapore 110 United States of America 376 Netherlands 98 Thailand 339 China 80 Vietnam 180 Hungary 78 Taiwan 153 Program Brazil Program provider 47 provider Singapore 78 Export Canada 33 Import Philippines 58 Hong Kong 34

Advertising Revenue by Broadcast Media, 2012~2014 (100 million won)

Percentage (%) Growth Rate(%) Category 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2013 2014

Terrestrial TV 19,373 18,373 16,900 54.1 52.9 51.5 -5.2 -8.0

Terrestrial Radio 2,368 2,253 2,027 6.6 6.5 6.2 -4.8 -10.0

Terrestrial DMB 135 107 37 0.4 0.3 0.1 -21.2 -65.4

Cable System Operator 1,099 1,220 1,417 3.1 3.5 4.3 11.0 16.1

Satellite Broadcasting 145 174 212 0.4 0.5 0.6 20.1 21.8

Satellite DMB Broadcating 1 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - -

Program Provider 12,675 12,636 12,258 35.4 36.4 37.3 -0.3 -3.0

Total 35,796 34,763 32,851 100.0 100.0 100.0 -2.9 -5.5

53 Top 10 Industries in Advertising Expenses, 2013~2014 (100 million won)

2013 2014 Growth Growth Rank Category Advertising Advertising Percentage (%) Rate (%) Percentage (%) Rate (%) Expense Expense

1 Computer & IT 3,254 15.9 13.3 3,047 16.2 -6.4

2 Beverage & Favorite Food 1,840 9.0 5.7 1,785 9.5 -3.0

3 Finance, Insurance & Securities 2,483 12.1 -19.3 1,756 9.3 -29.3

4 Transportation 1,700 8.3 -4.0 1,649 8.8 -3.0

5 Service 1,372 6.7 -8.1 1,527 8.1 11.3

6 Food 1,977 9.6 -9.6 1,518 8.1 -23.2

7 Housewares 1,419 6.9 29.2 1,285 6.8 -9.4

8 Pharmaceuticals & Health care 1,008 4.9 -3.9 1,226 6.5 21.6

9 Home Electronics 1,181 5.8 3.3 1,176 6.3 -0.3

10 Distribution 623.9 3.0 0.3 832.0 4.4 33.3

AD Revenue and Growth Rate by Broadcast Media, 2012~2014 (100 million won, %)

2014 21.8 16.1 2013 20.1 18.5 3.8 -5.2 11.0 0% -0.3 -7.9 -4.8 -9.9 -21.2 -3.9 -3.0 -8.0 -10.0 2012 -26.9

19,373 18,373 16,900 -65.4 2012 12,636 12,675 12,258 2013 -93.8 2014

2,253 1,220 2,368 2,027 1,099 1,417 135 107 37 145 174 212 1 0 0 Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Cable System Satellite Satellite DMB Program TV Radio DMB Operator Broadcasting Broadcasting Provider

54 Chapter 5. Broadcasting Market Chapter 6 Internet Newspaper Market

Registered Internet Newspaper Status

Year (As of Dec.) Number of Registered Internet Newspaper (Cumulative) Growth Rate (%) 2010 2,484 46.3 2011 3,193 28.5 2012 3,914 22.6 2013 4,916 25.6 2014 5,950 21.0

Registered Internet Newspaper Growth

5,950

4,916

3,914 3,193 2,484

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Internet Newspaper by Type (N = 2,332)

930 (39.9%) 771 631 (33.0%) (27.1%)

General Internet Newspaper Local Internet Newspaper Special Internet Newspaper

55 Internet News by Sources (unit: %)

Citizen journalist (Contributor, guest reporter, partner blogger) Editortal writer/columnist

News agency reports

Others 5.7 1.7 1.8 2.7

News article with News article with reporter by line organization as author 61.1% 27.0%

Average Number of In-House Articles per Day

Under 10 11~20 179 (9.2%) 21~30 59 (3.0%) 31~40 28 (1.4%) 41~50 32 (1.6%) 51~60 15 (0.8%) 61~70 7 (0.4%) 71~80 12 (0.6%) 81~90 1 (0.1%) 91~100 9 (0.5%) 101~200 30 (1.5%) 201~500 18 (0.9%) 501 or more 2 (0.1%) No Answer 296 (15.2%) 1,262 (64.7%)

56 Chapter 6. Internet Newspaper Market Internet Newspaper Update Cycle (N = 1,950)

Occasionally (real time) 1,145 (58.7%)

2~3 times a day 92 (4.7%)

Once a day 187 (9.6%)

More than twice a week 38 (1.9%)

Once a week 100 (5.1%)

Once per 1~ 2 week 103 (5.3%)

Other / No answer 285 (14.6%)

Internet Newspaper with/without Internet Newspaper with/without Codes of Ethics (N = 1,950) Internet Editorial Rules (N = 1,950)

No Answer No Answer 700 700 With With (35.9%) (35.9%) 1,136 1,040 (58.3%) (53.3%)

Without Without 114 210 (5.8%) (10.8%)

57 Internet Newspaper with/without Internet Newspaper with/without Reader’s Rights Protection Unit (N = 1,950) Rules on Copyrighted Articles (N = 1,950)

With 326 (16.7%) No Answer No Answer 700 701 With (35.9%) (35.9%) 1,172 (60.1%) Without Without 924 77 (47.4%) (3.9%)

Internet Newspaper with/without Internet Newspaper with/without Policy for Protecting Personal Personnel for Handling User Information (N = 1,950) Postings(Such as Replies) (N = 1,950)

No Answer 701 (35.9%) With No Answer With 1,203 701 1,090 (61.7%) (35.9%) (55.9%) Without 46 (2.4%) Without 159 (8.2%)

58 Chapter 6. Internet Newspaper Market Paid Content (N = 1,950)

All Partly 3 55 (0.2%) (2.8%)

No answer 292 (15.0%)

Not-yet started 1,600 (82.1%)

Online Advertising Revenue Status by Type of Media

Advertising Revenue Growth Rate (%) Media 2013 2014 2013 2014 Search Advertising 13,210 12,291 2.0 -7.0 Internet Display Advertising 6,820 6,383 3.5 -6.4 Subtotal 20,030 18,674 2.5 -6.8 Mobile 4,600 8,391 119.0 82.4 Total 24,630 27,065 13.8 9.9 Source: Cheil Worldwide Inc.

User Traffic of News Sections, Major Portal Sites (PC Users) (2015. 6)

Rank Domain Unique Visitor (person) Total Page View (1,000 Page) Average Page View (Page) Total 21,807,256 3,172,519,255 145.5 1 naver.com 14,885,928 1,357,346,531 91.2 2 daum.net 12,766,975 1,246,704,628 97.7 3 nate.com 5,021,781 495,711,823 98.7 4 zum.com 2,396,931 69,218,849 28.9 Source: Nielsen Koreanclick

59 Internet Newspaper User Traffic (PC Users) (2015. 6)

Rank Domain Unique Visitor (person) Total Page View (1,000 Page) Average Page View (Page) Total 22,132,200 1,860,358,803 84.1 1 donga.com 7,962,818 113,864,694 14.3 2 chosun.com 7,726,914 372,158,198 48.2 3 mk.co.kr 7,025,115 40,640,210 5.8 4 joins.com 6,429,278 104,763,651 16.3 5 mt.co.kr 5,963,717 31,665,933 5.3 6 asiae.co.kr 5,931,991 95,440,793 16.1 7 yonhapnews.co.kr 5,789,322 30,525,512 5.3 8 hankyung.com 5,439,206 24,826,496 4.6 9 sbs.co.kr 5,036,182 52,058,027 10.3 10 seoul.co.kr 4,883,526 22,649,062 4.6 11 hankooki.com 4,704,816 33,486,362 7.1 12 heraldcorp.com 4,203,945 13,858,160 3.3 13 kbs.co.kr 3,908,099 72,546,196 18.6 14 khan.co.kr 3,724,172 138,752,842 37.3 15 news1.kr 3,654,316 9,108,334 2.5 16 newsen.com 2,879,045 9,614,118 3.3 17 newsis.com 2,832,314 8,460,263 3 18 etnews.com 2,700,406 6,961,611 2.6 19 wowtv.co.kr 2,623,827 5,786,389 2.2 20 kmib.co.kr 2,589,645 8,426,994 3.3 21 nocutnews.co.kr 2,582,067 13,481,489 5.2 22 edaily.co.kr 2,531,925 16,899,798 6.7 23 imbc.com 2,514,280 27,501,488 10.9 24 ytn.co.kr 2,358,097 9,056,767 3.8 25 hani.co.kr 2,285,474 27,130,113 11.9 26 segye.com 2,266,207 4,738,241 2.1 27 tf.co.kr 2,263,574 14,916,014 6.6 28 etoday.co.kr 2,250,515 5,436,924 2.4 29 tvreport.co.kr 2,236,187 4,657,674 2.1 30 sportsseoul.com 2,155,972 9,454,592 4.4 Source: Nielsen Koreanclick

60 Chapter 6. Internet Newspaper Market Chapter 7 Media Audience : Pattern and Evaluation

1. Media Overview

Device Possession by Household Types (unit: %)

91.5 25.4 TV 98.4 Desktop 40.3 98.9 81.1

52.1 25.7 Digital TV 77.5 Notebook / Netbook 22.0 82.1 36.5

43.1 3.9 Analogue TV 34.8 Tablet PC 5.4 36.6 12.5

19.1 24.1 Car DMB Reader 40.5 Car Radio 50.7 58.8 73.7

2.8 12.4 DVD 4.2 Radio 27.9 13.7 30.0

House hold Game 1.4 15.1 2.2 Digital Camera 27.9 Console 15.2 53.1 Single household 1.2 (n=806) 0.6 VCR 3.0 Digital Camcorder 3.2 6.0 First generation 6.8 household (n=635) 0.0 Two or more 36.8 Blueray 0.3 household Home Phone 62.4 1.4 69.3 (n=1,922)

source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry (2014), KCC

Individual Device Ownership (Unit: set N=6,042 persons)

Mobile Handset Portable MP3 PMP E-Book (Total) Feature Phone Smartphone Game Player Number of Devices 0.97 0.19 0.77 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.01 * Number of Individual Device Possession = Total Number of Devices Owned by Individuals / Total Number of Individuals source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry(2014), KCC

61 Usage Frequency by Media Types (N=6,042, unit: %)

TV 97.0

DMB 15.4

Smartphone 76.0

Desktop/ Notebook 61.8

Tablet PC 6.8

Radio 27.0

Newspaper 18.5

Free Newspaper 9.7

Game Console 0.8

* Usage Frequency by Media Types = Number of People Who Uses Each Medium for More Than One Day in a 3-Month Period / Total Number of Individuals (6,042 persons) * TV: TV set (including both analogue and digital TV sets) * Radio: Excluding listening via Internet and smart devices * Newspaper: Free newspapers are excluded; only print papers are included source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry(2014), KCC

Media Frequency of Use (Use more than 5 days a week) (N=6,042, unit=%)

TV 78.4

Smartphone 70.8

Internet 30.6

Radio 9.5

Newspaper 8.2

62 Chapter 7. Media Audience : Pattern and Evaluation Media as Daily Necessities (N=6,042, unit: %)

TV 44.3

Smartphone 43.9

Desktop/ Notebook 9.4

Newspaper 0.9

Book 0.6

Radio 0.5

Magazine 0.3

Tablet PC 0.2

* Media as a Daily Necessity = Number of Respondents Who Say Media In Question is a Daily Necessity / Total Number of Individuals (6,042 persons) Source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry (2014), KCC

Media which are Daily Necessities by Age (N=6,042, unit: %)

Radio Magazine Newspaper Book Tablet PC TV Smartphone Desktop/ Notebook

10s 14.7 69.0 14.2 0.5 0 1.4 0.1 0

20s 13.7 69.0 15.7 0.3 0 0.2 0.3 0.8

30s 24.4 59.1 14.0 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.2

40s 38.6 48.6 9.0 1.9 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.3

50s 69.3 23.9 4.6 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.4 0 60s or 92.8 3.9 0.8 older 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.2 0

source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry(2014), KCC

63 Effect of Smartphones Replacing Media (N= 4,569 smartphone users, unit: %)

Agree Neutral Disagree

Less Internet Usage via 47.7 33.2 18.9 Desktop/Laptop one rtph ma Fewer Media Activities excluding S 39.3 39.7 20.7 Internet Usage via Desktop/Laptop

Less Time Spent Watching TV 28.0 42.8 28.9

Less Time Spent Reading Books 36.2 38.5 25.0 (Book/Magazine/Newspaper)

source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry(2014), KCC

2. Newspaper Usage Behavior and Perception

Print Newspaper Readership Rate Trends (unit: %)

82.1 76.0 68.8

58.5 52.6 44.6 40.9 33.8 30.7 25.4

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

2002~2006 n=1,200 / 2008 n=5,104 / 2010~2012 n=5,000 / 2013 n=5,082 / 2014 n=5,061 / 2015 n=5,062 Source : Survey on Media Audience (2015), KPF

64 Chapter 7. Media Audience : Pattern and Evaluation Newspaper Article Usage Routes and Usage Ratio Trends (unit: %)

79.5 77.6 78.0 76.4 Newspaper Article 73.6 Usage Rate 65.4 Usage Rate via 57.4 59.6 55.3 Mobile Internet

51.5 47.4 50.7 44.6 47.7 39.8 Usage Rate via 40.9 PC-based Internet 33.8 25.4 30.7 Print Newspaper 19.5 Usage Rate

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

2011, 2012 n=5,000 / 2013 n=5,082 / 2014 n=5,061 / 2015 n=5,062 Source: Survey on Media Audience (2015), KPF

Newspaper Credibility (unit: 5 scale)

2014(n=5,061) 2015(n=5,062)

3.83 3.72 3.52 3.43 3.47 3.45 3.27 3.19

National daily Local daily Local weekly Financial paper & Special paper

* 5 scale: ‘never trust’ 1point ~ ‘highly trust’ 5points Source: Survey on Media Audience (2015), KPF

65 3. Broadcast Usage Behavior and Perception

Time Watching TV Program Daily (N=6,042, unit= hours:minutes)

2 : 52 Daily Average 0 : 19 Total 2 : 38 Weekday 0 : 18 3 : 28 TV Weekend 0 : 23 Daily Other Media Average : Hour Daily Average 3 01 1 : 00 Media 2 : 46 User Weekday 0 : 56 3 : 38 TV(N=5,749) Weekend : Other Media(N=1,978) 1 09

Note: Daily Average Hour = Total hour of Watching TV/Number of media users

source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry (2014), KCC

Most Reliable Media For Coverage of the Same Issue (N=5,062, unit: %)

TV 73.2

Internet 17.4

Newspaper 8.0

Radio 0.8

Magazine 0.5

Source: Survey on Media Audience (2015), KPF

66 Chapter 7. Media Audience : Pattern and Evaluation 4. Internet Usage Behavior and Perception

Internet Usage Hour (Unit: %, n=63,583)

Weekly Usage Over 35 Hour: 13.6 hours hours 5.6% 21~35 hours Under 7 hour 17.0% 32.5%

14~21 hours 16.1% 7~14 hours 28.8%

Source: 2014 Information Culture Study (2014), Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/National Information Society Agency

Internet Usage Purpose and Hour (Multiple Answers) (N=63,583, unit: %)

Information SW Communi- Education Content File sharing search and Leisure Transaction download Job search cation and learning creation (P2P) access and upgrade

Male 91.8 89.8 81.4 57.7 31.6 16.0 13.1 10.9 10.3 Sex Female 90.3 89.8 77.9 59.7 30.4 11.7 12.0 9.2 6.7

3~9s 27.4 32.9 90.4 0.5 42.0 2.0 0.8 - 0.3

10s 91.0 94.4 93.3 32.0 59.2 14.0 14.7 4.2 8.6

20s 99.8 99.8 95.0 86.2 43.0 22.6 25.5 29.3 18.7

Age 30s 99.6 99.3 88.2 86.5 30.1 17.9 18.0 12.8 12.5

40s 98.7 97.3 77.1 72.8 22.4 14.3 10.0 7.3 7.1

50s 94.3 89.7 60.3 44.8 13.1 8.9 3.8 3.7 2.3

60s or older 74.4 60.5 38.3 17.2 6.5 4.3 1.9 2.0 1 Source: 2014 Internet Addiction Survey (2014), Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/National Information Society Agency

67 Dependence on Information Content on the Internet (N=4,300, unit: %)

Highly Trust Neutral Don’t Never Mean of 5 point scale Trust Trust Trust

Shopping Mall, Company’s 3.2 2.4 33.6 47.3 15.2 1.5 Product/Service Info

Public Service Info 3.59 9.3 49.2 34.1 6.2 1.2

Media Articles/News 3.55 8.9 46.9 35.7 7.2 1.3

Info on SNS 3.14 3.5 27.6 50.0 16.8 2.1

User-generated 3.1 2.4 27.3 49.8 18.5 2.0 Internet Info at Large

* 5 points: ‘Never Trust’ 1 point, ‘Highly Trust’ 5 points Source: 2014 Information Culture Study (2014), Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/National Information Society Agency

Internet News Usage Frequency (N=5,062, unit: %)

Daily 5~6 Days 3~4 Days 1~2 Days 0 Day

Fixed Device 9.1 8.6 12.8 9.3 60.2

39.8

Mobile Device 26.1 11.7 17.5 10.2 34.6

65.4

Source: Survey on Media Audience (2015), KPF

68 Chapter 7. Media Audience : Pattern and Evaluation 5. SNS Usage Behavior and Perception

SNS - Based News Usage Trend (2011~2015) (unit: %)

19.9 20.7 18.9

12.7 11.4

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (n=5,000) (n=5,000) (n=5,082) (n=5,061) (n=5,062)

Source: Survey on Media Audience (2015), KPF

Top7 SNS and Usage Ratio (N=958, unit: %)

45.5

22.1 17.7

4.3 4.0 3.3 3.1

Kakao Naver Facebook YouTube Daum Blog Instagram Twitter (Kakaotalk, (Band, Blog, Kakao Story) Line)

Source: Survey on Media Audience (2015), KPF

69 Chapter 8 Current Situation of Newspaper Industry Support

2014 Media Promotion Fund Project (1 million won)

Category Subcategory Cost

News content digitalization 998

Supporting news content infrastructure 1,904

Supporting internet newspaper infrastructure 846

Supporting cyber security of media firms 571 Newspaper industry Establishing U-Magazine Platform for magazines 500 promotion Supporting protection of news content copyright 631

Research projects 1,648

Supporting news Content production (feature project support) 431

Subtotal 7,529

Supporting joint delivery center establishment and operation 130 Improving circulation system of newspaper Newspaper transportation and posting support 4,439 and magazine Subtotal 4,569

Reader right committee support 470

Newspaper ethics review support 1,280 Protection of reader rights Support for media for the underprivileged and content production support 144

Subtotal 1,894

Supporting NIE programs 4,008

Reading culture promotion project 667 Media-related public projects and Subscription fee support for the underprivileged 1,550 education Support for media training programs 343

Subtotal 6,568

Supporting newspaper infrastructure buildup (financing) 1,315 Supporting newspaper infrastructure buildup Subtotal 1,315

Total 21,875

70 Chapter 8. Current Situation of Newspaper Industry Support 2014 Projects of the Committee for Local Press (1 million won)

Project Subproject Cost

Feature story support 1,147

Freelance & expert pool system 946

Content (paper design) upgrade support 179

Utilizing civil journalists 250 Support for strengthening journalism Local newspaper promotion campaigns 388

Monitoring local newspapers 276

Training & education projects 715

Subtotal 3,901

Supporting newspaper digitalization 843

Supporting joint DB construction 551 Constructing multimedia environment Renting digital equipment 590

Subtotal 1,984

Subscription support for the underprivileged 2,500

Realizing the public good Subscription support for schools utilizing NIE programs 1,500

Subtotal 4,000

Total 9,885

71 Appendix 1 Overseas Branches of the Korean Media

Nation City Media Address Tel.

Hankook Ilbo Hortiguera 1779, Cap. Buenos Aires, Argentina 54-11-4924-8500 Argentina Buenos Aires JoongAng Ilbo Av Carabobo 845(1406), Cap. FED, Buenos Aires, Argentina 54-11-4631-0061

MBC Bangkok Bureau, 15F, 518/5 Maneeya Center Building, Bangkok Phloenchit MBC 66-2-652-2437~9 Phloenchit Rd., Bangkok 10330

Hankook Ilbo R. DA Gloria 891, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, Brazil 55-11-3209-9711 Brazil São Paulo JoongAng Ilbo Rua Joaquim Murithinho 42, Bom Retrio, Sao Paulo, Brazil 55-11-3326-2522

Hankook Ilbo 287 Bridgeland Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 1Z6 1-416-787-1111 Toronto JoongAng Ilbo 655 Bloor ST W Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6G1L1 1-416-533-5533 Canada Hankook Ilbo #303-9940 LongHeed Hwy., Burnaby, B.C V3J 1N3 1-604-420-3651 Vancouver JoongAng Ilbo #305-4501 n. Rd., Burnaby, BC Canada V3N3R7 1-604-420-6033

Korea MBC Beijing Bureau 8-72, Qijiayuan Diplomatic MBC 86-10-6532-6345~7, 6489 Compound Beijing, China 100600

SBS 北京市朝陽區建國問外外交公萬 9-1-23 86-10-6532-6394 100600 9 China Beijing YTN 中國北京市朝陽區建國門外大街號齊家園外交團 86-10-8532-1972~3 地 APT 8棟-6-3 <韓國 YTN 新聞電視臺> Rm 303, Unit 3, Building 306, Three Wangjing Garden, Money Today Chaoyang District

E Daily 北京市朝陽區望京大西洋新城金石美苑 312-1-701 86-155-1075-5924 33-1-5375-1022 MBC 142 Ave., Des Champs Elysees, 75008, Paris, France 09-6526-9742 France Paris SBS 90 Ave., Des Champs Elysees, 75008, Paris, France 33-1-8406-5045

Fuji TV Building, Media Tower 18F 2-4-8, Daiba, Minato-ku, MBC 81-3-5500-5871~2 Tokyo 135-0091, Japan

SBS 東京都千代田區四番町 5-6 NTV 別館 4階 SBS 東京支局 81-3-6215-0087 81-3-5571-4033 YTN TBS Center 13F, Akasaka 5-3-6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 81-3-5563-1520~1 Japan Tokyo The Dong-A Daily News, Tokyo Bureau, Asahishimbun DongA Ilbo 81-3-3248-1251 Newsbuilding, 5-3-2 Tsukiji-Chuoku, Tokyo, Japan

JoongAng Ilbo 東京都中央區銀座 5-15-8 時事通信社 13F 81-3-3524-0333

Korea Economic Daily 日本東京都新宿區新宿 1-31-19 81-3-3356-3445

Halla Ilbo 日本國東京都葛飾區高砂 2-1-26 リバ-サイジ 105號室 81-3-5612-2703 MBC 49 Conduit St., Mayfair, London, W1S 2YS UK 44-20-7323-1469 UK London YTN 26-28 Hammersmith, Grove, London, W6 7BA 44-20-8834-2811

72 Appendix 1. Overseas Branches of the Korean Media Nation City Media Address Tel.

JoongAng Ilbo 2400 Pleasant Hill Rd., #200 Duluth, GA 30096 USA 1-770-242-0099 Atlanta Hankook Ilbo 4120 Chattahoochee Trace Duluth, GA 30097 USA 1-770-622-9600

JoongAng Ilbo 790 Busse Rd., Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA 1-847-228-7200 Chicago Hankook Ilbo 3720 W. Devon Ave., Lincolnwood, IL 60712 USA 1-847-626-0388

Dallas Hankook Ilbo 1454 Halsey Way #200, Carrollton, TX 75007 USA 1-972-247-2587

Hankook Ilbo 1839 S. King St., Honolulu, HI 96826 USA 1-808-955-1234 Hawaii JoongAng Ilbo 1314 S. King St., #664 Honolulu, HI 96814 USA 1-808-591-1700

Houston Hankook Ilbo 9887 Long Point, Houston, TX 77055 USA 1-713-932-8100

MBC 3400 W. 6th St., 4th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90020 USA 1-213-736-1571

SBS 3530 Wilshire Blvd., Suite #1000, Los Angeles, CA 90010 USA 1-213-386-1234

YTN 3435 Wilshire Blvd., 19F, Los Angeles, CA 90010 USA 1-213-382-9600(Ext. 104) LA Far East Broadcasting Co. 15700 Imperial Hwy. La Mirada, CA 90638 USA 1-562-448-1782

JoongAng Ilbo 690 Wilshire Place, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA 1-213-368-2500

Hankook Ilbo 4525 Wilshire Blvd., L.A, CA 90010 USA 1-323-692-2000

MBC 225 West 34th St., #2002, New York, NY 10122 USA 1-212-317-9091

SBS 75 9th Ave. 6th Fl, New York, NY 10011 USA 1-212-645-2881

YTN New York / UN Bureau Chief 1370, Broadway #521 YTN 1-646-380-1860 New York, NY 10018 USA USA Money Today 140 Broadway Cresskill, NJ 07626 USA 1-201-266-4149 New York E Daily 20 Hampshire Rd., Paramus, NJ 07652 USA 1-201-600-5142

JoongAng Ilbo 43-27 36th St., Long Island City, NY 11101 USA 1-718-361-7700

Pyeonghwa Broadcasting 145-27 33rd Ave., Flushing, NY 11354 USA 1-718-762-6500 corporation

Hankook Ilbo 42-22 27th St., Long Island City, NY 11101 USA 1-718-482-1111

JoongAng Ilbo 40523 Encyclopedia circle, Fremont, CA 94538 USA 1-510-487-3333 San Francisco Hankook Ilbo 8134 Capwell Dr., Oakland, CA 94621 USA 1-510-777-1111

San Hose Money Today 3003 N, 1st St, San Jose, CA 95134

Hankook Ilbo 12532 Aurora Ave., N. Seattle, WA 98133 USA 1-206-622-2229 Seattle JoongAng Ilbo 13749 Midvale Ave., N. Seattle, WA 98133 USA 1-206-365-4000

Suite 1131 National Press Building, Washington D.C. 20045 MBC 1-202-347-0078, 2039 USA

National Press Bldg #979 14th St., N.W. Washington D.C. SBS 1-202-637-9849 20045 USA Washington D.C. 1-202-758-3078 YTN 3015 Barden Oaks ct., Oakton, VA 22124 USA 070-8224-0003

JoongAng Ilbo 7023 Little River Tnpk, 3rd Fl., Annandale, VA 22003 USA 1-703-281-9660

Hankook Ilbo 7601 Little River Tnpk., 3rd. Fl., Annandale, VA 22003 USA 1-703-941-8001

73 Appendix 2 Korean Correspondents Overseas

Newspapers

Nation City Media Name E-mail Canada Vancouver Kangwon Domin Ilbo Song Kwangho [email protected] Kyunghyang Daily News Oh Kwanchul [email protected] Jung Wonkyo [email protected] Kukmin Ilbo Maeng Kyeonghwan [email protected] Ko Kijung [email protected] Dong-A Ilbo Gu Jaryong [email protected] Maeil Business Newspaper Jung Hyukhoon [email protected] Song Giyong [email protected] Money Today Won Jongtae [email protected] Park Sunho [email protected] Munhwa Ilbo Park Seyeong [email protected] Seoul Economic Daily Kim Hyunsu [email protected] Joo Hyunjin [email protected] Seoul Shinmun China Beijing Lee Changgu [email protected] Segye Times Sin Dongju [email protected] The Aju Business Cho Yongsung [email protected] The Edaily Kim Kyungmin [email protected] Chosun Ilbo Ahn Yonghyun [email protected] Ye Youngjun [email protected] JoongAng Ilbo Choi Hyungkyu [email protected] Financial News Kim Hongjae [email protected] Hankyoreh Sung Yeoncheol [email protected] Kim Taewan [email protected] The Korea Economic Daily Kim Dongyun [email protected] Hankook Ilbo Park Ilgeun [email protected] Korea Herald Business Park Youngseo [email protected] Dong-A Ilbo Jeon Seunghun [email protected] France Paris Chosun Ilbo Lee Sunghoon [email protected] Germany Berlin Chosun Ilbo Seok Namjun [email protected] Greece Athens Chosun Ilbo Han Kyeongjin [email protected] Israel Tel Aviv Chosun Ilbo Park Gukhui [email protected] Kyunghyang Daily News Yoon Heeil [email protected] Japan Tokyo Bae Geukin [email protected] Dong-A Ilbo Park Hyeongjun [email protected]

74 Appendix 2. Korean Correspondents Overseas Nation City Media Name E-mail Maeil Business Newspaper Hwang Hyungkyu [email protected] kim Minhui [email protected] Seoul Shinmun Lee Seoku [email protected] Kim Yongchul [email protected] Segye Times Woo Sanggyu [email protected] Cha Hakbong [email protected] Chosun Ilbo Kim Suhye [email protected] Japan Tokyo Yang Jihye [email protected] Seo Seungwook [email protected] JoongAng Ilbo Lee Jungheon [email protected] Oh Yeonghwan [email protected] Hankyoreh Gil Yoonhyung [email protected] The Korea Economic Daily Seo Junghwan [email protected] Hankook Ilbo Park Seokwon [email protected] Dong-A Ilbo Boo Hyungkwon [email protected] Maeil Business Newspaper Park Bongkwon [email protected] Chae Wonbae [email protected] Money Today Seo Myunghun [email protected] Seoul Economic Daily Choi Hyeonguk [email protected] New York Chosun Ilbo Na Jihong [email protected] JoongAng Ilbo Lee Sangryul [email protected] Financial News Jung Jiwon [email protected] Yoo Changjae [email protected] The Korea Economic Daily Lee Simgi [email protected] Kyunghyang Daily News Son Jemin [email protected] Naeil Daily News Han Myeontaek [email protected] Bae Byungwoo [email protected] Kukmin Ilbo Jeon Seokun [email protected] U.S.A Sin Seokho [email protected] Dong-A Ilbo Lee Seunghun [email protected] Maeil Business Newspaper Lee Jinwoo [email protected] Lee Jekyo [email protected] Munhwa Ilbo Shin Boyeong [email protected] Washington D.C. Seoul Shinmun Kim Mikyung [email protected] Kook Kiyeon [email protected] Segye Times Park Heejun [email protected] The Aju Business Hong Gaon [email protected] Chosun Ilbo Yoon Jungho [email protected] Chae Byunggun [email protected] JoongAng Ilbo Lee Sangbok [email protected] Kim Hyeongi [email protected] Park Hyun [email protected] Hankyoreh Lee Yongin [email protected]

75 Nation City Media Name E-mail The Korea Economic Daily Jang Jinmo [email protected] Washington D.C. Lee Taekyu [email protected] Hankook Ilbo U.S.A Jo Cheolhwan [email protected] Seo Hyejin [email protected] LA Financial News Jin Heejung [email protected] U.K London JoongAng Ilbo Ko Jungae [email protected]

Broadcasters

Nation City Media Name E-mail Brazil São Paulo KBS Park Youngkwan [email protected] Oh Sekyun [email protected] KBS Kim Myeongju [email protected] Kim Jinwoo [email protected] Go Juryoung [email protected] MBC Beijing Kim Daegyeong [email protected] China Woo Sanguk [email protected] SBS Im Sangbum [email protected] YTN Seo Bongguk [email protected] CBS Kim Sunkyung [email protected] Shanghai KBS Kim Taewook [email protected] Egypt Cairo SBS Jung Kyujin [email protected] Kim Sungmo [email protected] KBS Park Jinhyeon [email protected] France Paris MBC Kwon Soonpyo [email protected] SBS Seo kyungchae [email protected] Lee Jaeho [email protected] KBS Park Jaewoo [email protected] Yoon Seokgu [email protected] You Sangha [email protected] Japan Tokyo MBC Lim Youngseo [email protected] Lee Dongae [email protected] Kim Seungpil [email protected] SBS Choi Sunho [email protected] YTN Choi Myungsin [email protected] Russia Moscow KBS Ha Junsu [email protected] Ko Yeongtae [email protected] KBS Thailland Bangkok Gu Bonguk [email protected] MBC Seo Minsoo [email protected] Park Taeseo [email protected] KBS U.S.A New York Park Eseudeo [email protected] MBC Lee Unjoo [email protected]

76 Appendix 2. Korean Correspondents Overseas Nation City Media Name E-mail SBS Park Jinho [email protected] New York JTBC Lee Sangryul [email protected] YTN Kim Wonbae [email protected] Kim Sungjin [email protected] KBS Lee Juhan [email protected] Park Yuhan [email protected] Moon Hocheol [email protected] MBC Park beomsu [email protected] Washington D.C. Kim Woosik [email protected] U.S.A SBS Lee Sungchul [email protected] JTBC Kim Hyeongi [email protected] CBS Im Mihyun [email protected] YTN Wang Seontaek [email protected] KBS Kim Hwanju [email protected] MBC Kim Sungwoo [email protected] LA SBS Park Byungil [email protected] JTBC Bue Sohyun [email protected] YTN Jung Jaehoon [email protected] United Arab Emirates Dubai KBS Bok Changhyun [email protected] Jung Jihwan [email protected] KBS Kim Deokwon [email protected] U.K London MBC Lee Juseung [email protected] YTN Kim Eunggun [email protected]

News Agency

Nation City Media Name E-mail Australia Sydney Yonhap News Agency Kim Kisung [email protected] Argentina Buenos Aires Yonhap News Agency Kim Jaesoon [email protected] Belgium Brussels Yonhap News Agency Song Byeongseung [email protected] Kim Dukhyun [email protected] Lee Junsam [email protected] Beijing Yonhap News Agency Hong Jesung [email protected] Jin Byeongtae [email protected] China Han Seungho [email protected] Shanghai Yonhap News Agency Jung Jooho [email protected] Shin Minjae [email protected] Shenyang Yonhap News Agency Hong Changjin [email protected] Hong Kong Yonhap News Agency Choi Hyeonsuk [email protected] Egypt Cairo Yonhap News Agency Han Sangyong [email protected] France Paris Yonhap News Agency Park Sungjin [email protected] Germany Berlin Yonhap News Agency Ko Hyungkyu [email protected]

77 Nation City Media Name E-mail Hungary Budapest Yonhap News Agency Yang Taesam [email protected] India New Delhi Yonhap News Agency Na Hwakjin [email protected] Indonesia Jakarta Yonhap News Agency Shin Sungchul [email protected] Kim Yongsu [email protected] Japan Tokyo Yonhap News Agency Cho Junhyung [email protected] Lee Sewon [email protected] Kazakhstan Almaty Yonhap News Agency Kim Hyuntae [email protected] Kenya Nairobi Yonhap News Agency Woo Mankwon [email protected] Mexico Mexico city Yonhap News Agency Lee Dongkyung [email protected] Newzealand Auckland Yonhap News Agency Ko Hansung [email protected] Russia Moscow Yonhap News Agency You Chuljong [email protected] South Africa Johannesburg Yonhap News Agency Ryu Ilhyung [email protected] Switzerland Geneva Yonhap News Agency Ryu Hyunsung [email protected] Taiwan Taipei Yonhap News Agency Noh Haerang [email protected] Yonhap News Agency Hyun Kyungsuk [email protected] Thailand Bangkok Newsis Park Yoon [email protected] Turkey Istanbul Yonhap News Agency Kim Juneok [email protected] Kim Hwayoung [email protected] Yonhap News Agency Park Sungje [email protected] New York Lee Gangwon [email protected] Newsis No Changhyun [email protected] Dallas Yonhap News Agency Jang Hyungu [email protected] San Francisco Yonhap News Agency Im Hwasub [email protected] U.S.A Chicago Yonhap News Agency Kim Hyun [email protected] Kim Sejin [email protected] Sim Insung [email protected] Washington D.C. Yonhap News Agency Roh Hyodong [email protected] Jang Jaesoon [email protected] LA Yonhap News Agency Kim Jongwoo [email protected] United Arab Emirates Dubai Yonhap News Agency Kang Hoonsang [email protected] U.K London Yonhap News Agency Hwang Jungwoo [email protected] Vietnam Hanoi Yonhap News Agency Kim Moonsung [email protected]

Internet Newspaper

Nation City Media Name E-mail U.S.A Chicago Inews 24 Won Eunyeong [email protected]

78 Appendix 2. Korean Correspondents Overseas Appendix 3 Foreign Correspondents in Korea

Nation Media Name E-mail

Australia Austalian Broadcasting Corp. Joseph Kim [email protected] Lu Xing Hai [email protected] CCTV Tang Xin [email protected] China News Service(CNS) Wu Xu

Chen Meng [email protected] China Radio International An Guang Hao [email protected] Li Xiang [email protected] Zhang Xiao Juan [email protected] China TV Hojin Kim [email protected] Chan Moon [email protected] Huiuk Shin [email protected] Kong Ming [email protected] Dalian Radio & TV Bi Qing Qing [email protected] Economic Daily Yang Ming [email protected] Gilrim News Jin Jiang [email protected] Golden Bridge Li Lei [email protected] China Legal Daily Shan Shi Lei [email protected] Wan Yu [email protected] People's Daily Chen Shang Wen [email protected] Zhang Yue [email protected] People's Daily Online Zhou Yu Bo [email protected] Bae Junki [email protected] Xue Yan [email protected] Science&Technology Daily Liu Mi [email protected] Gang Ye [email protected] Peng Qian [email protected] Wang Jia Hui [email protected] Xinhua News Agency Yao Qilin [email protected] Zhang Qing [email protected] Homin Kim [email protected] Seunggi Yu [email protected] Kim Heechul [email protected] EU EPA Jeon Heonkyun [email protected] Ed Jones [email protected] France AFP Giles Hewitt [email protected]

79 Nation Media Name E-mail

Donghyeon Kim [email protected] Chankyung Park [email protected] AFP Jangwon Lim [email protected] France Yeonje Jung [email protected]/[email protected] Hawon Jung [email protected] Int'l NewYork Times Choe Sanghun [email protected] Sipa Press Lee Youngho [email protected] Dirk Godder [email protected] DPA, German Press Agency Germany Ahn Miyoung [email protected] ZDF-German TV Hayeong Kwak [email protected] Eye Press Lee Yongho [email protected] Jihyeon Kim [email protected] Hong Kong Phoenix Satelite TV Min Haeyeon [email protected] RTHK Frank Smith [email protected] Iran Press TV Jennifer Chang [email protected] Makino,Yoshihiro [email protected] Toru Higashioka [email protected] Yeongmi Song [email protected] Asahi Shimbun Sungjin Lee [email protected] Jaeung Choi [email protected] Seonjin Hwang [email protected] Dempa Daily Newspaper Kang Duckjoong [email protected] Masaki Hanzawa [email protected] Mutsuki Taga [email protected] Seiji Isobe [email protected] Hyeonjung Ko [email protected] Seongjun Bae [email protected] Fuji TV Changwook Seo [email protected] Japan Yeongjun Shin [email protected] Jooyeong An [email protected] Seunghun Lee [email protected] Samkyu Hwang [email protected] Soichi Matsumoto [email protected] Hokkaido Shimbun Eunyeong Oh [email protected] Daisuke Hagihara [email protected] Yoshiaki Okuma [email protected] Jiji Press Huijin Jang [email protected] Jihui Choi [email protected] Kazufumi Nagao [email protected] Kyodo News Yoshikatsu Awakura [email protected] Soyeong Gam [email protected]

80 Appendix 3. Foreign Correspondents in Korea Nation Media Name E-mail

Minhui Kim [email protected] Won Kim [email protected] Kyodo News Gyeongseok Song [email protected] Gyeonguk Cho [email protected] Tomoko Okuyama [email protected] Mainichi Newspapers Yonemura Koichi [email protected] Seonhui Kim [email protected] Kazufumi Yasunaga [email protected] Koji Yamamoto [email protected] Shohei Yano [email protected] Shuhei Ikehata [email protected] Daeyeong Kim [email protected] Suheung Kim [email protected] Seungcheol Na [email protected] Hyeonju Nam [email protected] NHK SamKwon Noh [email protected] Inseok Lee [email protected] Jungwoo Lee [email protected] Hyejun Im [email protected] Myeongkyu Jeon [email protected] Japan Myeongho Jung [email protected] Wonhyeong Jeong [email protected] Junu Jung [email protected] Hiroshi Minegishi [email protected] Kentaro Ogura [email protected] Nihon Keizai Shimbun Koichi Kato [email protected] Wonyeong Gong [email protected] Giyeong Na [email protected] Yuichi Udea [email protected] Nishinihon Shimbun Lee Jinwoo [email protected] Kenji Fujita [email protected] Kenji Sakaguchi [email protected] Jiyeong Min [email protected] NTV Jinju Park [email protected] Gyeonghui An [email protected] Ilho Lee [email protected] Yuri Choi [email protected] Sangyo Times Eom Jaehan [email protected] Fujimoto Kinya [email protected] Sankei Shimbun Katsuhiro Kuroda [email protected] Takahiro Namura [email protected]

81 Nation Media Name E-mail

Sankei Shimbun Tatsuya Kato [email protected] Sekai Nippo Isami Ueda [email protected] Shin Kwangsoo [email protected] Shogakukan Inc. Kim Jeongyeon [email protected] Shukan Bunshun Park Seungmin [email protected] Shigetoshi Ida [email protected] Takeshi Jodoi [email protected] Hyeonjeong Kwak [email protected] TBS Minwoo Kim [email protected] Sanggyu An [email protected] Giljae Lee [email protected] Daegyu Lee [email protected] Tsuguo Shimazaki [email protected] Tokyo Shimbun Jaehyeong Park [email protected] Jiwon Jeong [email protected] Tongil Ilbo Lee Minho [email protected] Kaori Nishimura [email protected] Japan Koji Ohno [email protected] Hyeona Kwak [email protected] Jaeyun Kim [email protected] TV Asahi Byeongjun An [email protected] Juyeon Oh [email protected] Gyeongho Choi [email protected] Seongbeom Choi [email protected] Takashi Wada [email protected] Heonmu Kim [email protected] TV Tokyo Chansik Byeon [email protected] Yujin Jung [email protected] Weekly Post Seokmin Shin [email protected] Junichi Toyoura [email protected] Munenori Inoue [email protected] Yomiuri Shimbun Takeo Miyazaki [email protected] Hanju Joo [email protected] Ungjae Hwang [email protected] Harry Fawcett [email protected] Joel Lawrence [email protected] Qatar Aljazeera Network Museon Kim [email protected] Hyeongju Choi [email protected] Itar-Tass Stanislav Varivoda [email protected] Russia Rossiyskaya Gazeta Oleg Kiriyanov [email protected] Rossiyskie Koreitsy Valeri Ogai [email protected]

82 Appendix 3. Foreign Correspondents in Korea Nation Media Name E-mail

Lianhe Zaobao Gwiyeong Kang [email protected] Lim Yunsuk [email protected] Singapore Channel NewsAsia Lim Jaesung [email protected] Strait Times Chang May Choon [email protected] Spain EFE News Agency Atahualpa Amerise [email protected] BCC Wang Chang Wei [email protected] Central News Agency Chiang Yuan Chen [email protected] Taiwan Radio Free Asia Park Songwu [email protected] Taiwan Macroview TV Geon Hwang [email protected] Turkey Cihan News Agency Sinasi Alpago [email protected] BBC News Sungjin Kim [email protected] Simon Mundy [email protected] Financial Times Song Junga [email protected] ITN Maeng Jooseok [email protected] James Pearson [email protected] Tony Munroe [email protected] Saemi Kim [email protected] Yeongse Kim [email protected] Hongji Kim [email protected] Jumin Park [email protected] Chunsik Yoo [email protected] Gyeongho Lee [email protected] Reuters Seyeong Lee [email protected] UK Suwan Lee [email protected] Sinhyeong Lee [email protected] Jeongyun Lee [email protected] Jinwon Lee [email protected] Changho Lee [email protected] Miyeong Cho [email protected] Hyeonju Jin [email protected] Dogyun Kim [email protected] hyeonyeon Lee [email protected] Sangkyu Im [email protected] Reuters TV Yujin Jung [email protected] Huijung Jung [email protected] Sanghoon Ham [email protected]/shane.hahm@thomsonre The Economist Stephanie Studer [email protected] Cho Joohee [email protected] ABC News Lee Dongbin [email protected] USA Chae Seunghoon [email protected] AP Foster Klug [email protected]

83 Nation Media Name E-mail

Donghyeong Kim [email protected] Hyeongjin Kim [email protected] AP Yeongjun An [email protected] Yugyeong Lee [email protected] Jinman Lee [email protected] Seongbin Kang [email protected] Yongho Kim [email protected] APTV Jeongyun Kim [email protected] Yongjun Chang [email protected] Peter Pae [email protected] Gyeongjin Kim [email protected] Juyeon Kim [email protected] Haeryeong Kim [email protected] Hyeseong Kim [email protected] Bloomberg News Eungyeong Seo [email protected] Jeonga Lee [email protected] Huisu Lee [email protected] Seongjun Cho [email protected] Hwanung Choi [email protected] Sangim Han [email protected] USA CBS Radio News Donald Kirk [email protected] Paula Hancocks [email protected] CNN David Hawley [email protected] Kwon Kijoon [email protected] Lim Kyunghee [email protected] East Asia Intel.com Chi Jungnam [email protected] Lee Jongheon [email protected] Getty Images Chung Sungjun [email protected] IPA/PBS Seonghui Kim [email protected]/[email protected] Mergemarket Suyeong Park [email protected] Yoo Julie H. [email protected] NBC News Edmund Flanagan [email protected] Newsweek Lee Byungjong [email protected] NewYork Times Lee Suhyun [email protected] Yeon Kim [email protected] NTD TV Uyeong Park [email protected] Hyeonil Choi [email protected] PharmAsia News(ELSEVIER) Chang Woohyuk [email protected] Polaris Images Ryu Seungil [email protected] Stars and Stripes Ashley Rowland [email protected] Time Kim Stephen [email protected]

84 Appendix 3. Foreign Correspondents in Korea Nation Media Name E-mail

Brian Padden [email protected] Yumi Kim [email protected] Voice of America Eunji Kim [email protected] Hwanyong Kim [email protected] Byeongyong Park [email protected] Alastair Gale [email protected] Jonathan Cheng [email protected] Jaeyeop Gwak [email protected] USA Insu Nam [email protected] Wall Street Journal Jaeyeon Woo [email protected] Minsun Lee [email protected]/[email protected] Minjeong Lee [email protected] Gwanu Jeon [email protected] Jeongyeon Han [email protected] Washington Post Seo Yoonjung [email protected] Washington Times Andrew Salmon [email protected] Wire Images Han Myunggu [email protected] Pham Duy Tuyen [email protected]/[email protected] Vietnam Vietnam News Agency Vu Toan [email protected]

85 Appendix 4 Directory

1) Newspapers*

National Newspapers

Estab- Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain lishment evening Chosun Bang 1920. 04519 135, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-724-5114 02-724-5109 www.chosun.com morning Ilbo Sanghoon 3.5 Dong-A Kim 1, Cheonggyecheon-ro, Jongno-gu, 1920. 03187 02-2020-0114 02-2020-1249 www.donga.com morning Ilbo Jaeho Seoul 4.1 Hankook Lee www.hoonkookilbo. 1954. 04512 17, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-724-2114 02-720-2244 morning Ilbo Jongseung com 6.9 Jung 6, Hyochangmok-gil, Mapo-gu, 1988. Hankyoreh 04186 1566-9595 02-710-0210 www.hani.co.kr morning Youngmu Seoul 5.15 JoongAng Hong 1965. 04513 100, Seosomun-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-751-9114 02-751-9558 joongang.joins.com morning Ilbo Seokhyeon 9.22 Kukmin Choi 101, Yeouigongwon-ro, 1988. 07241 02-781-9114 02-781-9230 www.kmib.co.kr morning daily Samkyu Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 12.10 Kyunghyang Lee 1946. 04518 3, Jeongdong-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-3701-1114 02-3701-1745 www.khan.co.kr morning Daily News Donghyeon 10.6 Munhwa Lee 1991. 04516 22, Saemunan-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-3701-5114 02-722-8328 www.munhwa.com evening Ilbo Byungkyu 11.1 Naeil Jang 43, Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, 1993. 03178 02-2287-2300 02-2287-2310 www.naeil.com evening Shinmun Myunggook Seoul 10.9 Segye Cha 26, Gyeonghuigung-gil, Jongno-gu, 1989. 03175 02-2000-1462 02-2000-1530 www.segye.com morning Times Junyeong Seoul 2.1 Seoul Kim 1904. 04520 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2000-9000 02-2000-9539 www.seoul.co.kr morning Shinmun Yeongman 7.18

Local Newspapers

Estab- Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain lishment evening Busan Ahn 365, Jungang-daero, Dong-gu, 1946. 48789 051-461-4114 051-461-4242 www.busan.com morning Ilbo Byeongkil Busan 9.10 Daejon Nam 1950. 35275 314, Gyeryong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 042-251-3311 042-538-0573 www.daejonilbo.com morning Times Sanghyun 11.11 Gwangju Kim 238, Keumnam-ro, Dong-gu, 2008. 61482 062-531-2323 062-531-2525 www.gjtnews.com morning Times Yeosong Gwangju 10.17 3, Jungang-daero 210beon-gil, Gyeongnam Nam 1946. 51439 Uichang-gu, Changwon-si, 055-210-6000 055-210-6169 www.knnews.co.kr morning Shinmun Youngman 3.1 Gyeongsangnam-do

86 Appendix 4. Directory Estab- Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain lishment evening Jeonnam Lee 1988. 61234 324, Jebong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 062-527-0015 062-510-0436 www.jnilbo.com morning Ilbo Jaewook 7.19 Kangwon Lee 23, Jungang-ro, Chuncheon-si, 1945. 24346 033-258-1000 033-242-4882 www.kwnews.co.kr morning Ilbo Heejong Gangwon-do 10.24 Kookje Daily Cha 1217, Jungang-daero, Yeonje-gu, 1947. 47513 051-500-5114 051-500-5019 www.kookje.co.kr morning News Seungmin Busan 9.1 Kyeongin Song 299, Hyowon-ro, Paldal-gu, 1945. 16488 031-231-5114 031-231-5234 www.kyeongin.com morning Ilbo Kwangseok Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 9.1 Maeil Yeo 1946. 41933 20, Seoseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 053-255-5001 053-255-7889 www.imaeil.com morning Shinmun Changhwan 3.1 Yeongnam Son 441, Dongdaegu-ro, Dong-gu, 1945. 41260 053-757-5114 053-756-9009 www.yeongnam.com morning Ilbo Inlak Daegu 10.11

Financial Newspapers

Estab- Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain lishment evening Asia Lee 10~11F., Asiamedia Tower, 29, 1988. Economic 04555 02-2200-2114 02-2200-2115 www.asiae.co.kr evening SeaJung Chungmu-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 6.15 Daily Kwak 2000. E Daily 04631 48, Sogong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-3772-0114 02-3772-0222 www.edaily.co.kr morning Jaesun 3.28 Herald Hong 10, Huam-ro 4-gil, Yongsan-gu, 1973. 04336 02-727-0114 02-727-0660 www.heraldbiz.com evening Business Jungwook Seoul 12.21 Maeil Jang 1966. Business 04627 190, Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2000-2114 02-2000-2422 www.mk.co.kr morning Daehwan 3.24 Newspaper Money Hong 11, Cheonggyecheon-ro, 2001. 03187 02-724-7700 02-724-7729 www.mt.co.kr morning Today sunkeun Jongno-gu, Seoul 6.19 Seoul Lee 81, Tongil-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 1960. Economic 03739 02-724-2200 02-724-2283 www.sedaily.com morning Jonghwan Seoul 8.1 Daily The Jeon 81, Yeouinaru-ro, 2000. Financial 07327 02-2003-7114 02-2003-7111 www.fnnews.com morning Jaeho Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 6.23 News The Korea Kim 1964. Economic 04505 463, Cheongpa-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-360-4114 02-312-6810 www.hankyung.com morning Kiwoong 10.12 Daily

Sports Newspapers

Estab- Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain lishment evening IS Ilgan Jung 56, Sejongdaero-7gil, Jung-gu, 1969. 04513 02-2031-1111 02-2031-1188 isplus.joins.com morning Sports Kyungmoon Seoul 9.26 Bang Sports 20F, 233-1, Mokdongdong-ro, www.sportschosun. 1990. Sunghoon/ 07995 02-3219-8114 02-3219-8482 morning Chosun Yangcheon-gu, Seoul com 3.21 Bang Junsik Sports Kim 775, Gyeongin-ro, www.sportsseoul. 1985. 07299 02-2001-0021 02-2001-0069 morning Seoul Kwangrae Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul com 6.22

87 Foreign Language Newspapers

Estab- Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain lishment evening Korea Hong 2F, 100, Seosomun-ro, Jung-gu, joongangdaily.joins. 2000. JoongAng 04513 02-2031-1291 02-2031-1288 morning Seokhyun Seoul com 10.17 Daily The Korea Hong 10, Huam-ro 4-gil, Yongsan-gu, www.koreaherald. 1953. 04336 02-727-0114 02-727-0660 morning Herald Jungwook Seoul co.kr 8.15 The Korea Lee 8F., Imgwang Bldg., 81, Tongil-ro, 1950. 03739 02-724-2359 02-736-4061 www.ktimes.co.kr morning Times Changsup Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 11.1

IT Newspapers

First Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Issue evening Digital Cho 2000. 04516 22, Saemunan-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-3701-5500 02-3701-5330 www.dt.co.kr morning Times Myungsik 3.3 The Koo 51, Beodeunaru-ro 12ga-gil, 1982. Electronic 07254 02-2168-9200 02-2675-9204 www.etnews.co.kr morning Wonmo Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 9.22 Times

Free Newspapers

First Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Issue evening Lee 18, Jahamun-ro 17 gil, Jongno-gu, www.metroseoul. 2002. Metro 03035 02-721-9800 02-730-2100 morning Jangkyu Seoul co.kr 5.31

* The Newspapers in the list above are posted on Financial Supervisory Service(except for Foreign Language Newspapers)

News Agencies

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Yonhap Park 25, Yulgok-ro 2-gil, Jongno-gu, www.yonhapnews. 03143 02-398-3114 02-738-0820 1980.12.19 News Agency Nohhwang Seoul co.kr Hong Newsis 04554 173, Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-721-7400 02-721-7488 www.newsis.com 2001.9.6 sunkeun Hong News1 03160 47, Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 02-397-7000 02-397-7009 www.news1.kr 2011.4.7 sunkeun

88 Appendix 4. Directory 2) Broadcasters

Public Broadcasting

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Ko 13, Yeouigongwon-ro, KBS 07235 02-781-1000 02-781-2530 www.kbs.co.kr 1926.11.30 Daeyeong Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul KBS Kwon 27, Gamnamu 3-gil, Andong-si, 36647 054-850-7100 054-850-7399 andong.kbs.co.kr 1976.4.9 Andong Youngtae Gyeongsangbuk-do KBS Cho 429, Suyeong-ro, Suyeong-gu, 48316 051-620-7100 051-629-7139 busan.kbs.co.kr 1935.9.21 Busan Hanje Busan KBS Kim 178, Jungang-daero, Changwon, 51444 055-280-7100 055-280-7499 changwon.kbs.co.kr 1942.2.20 Changwon Daehoi Gyeongsangnam-do KBS Kang 1428, Seobu-ro, Heungdeok-gu, 361-790 043-260-7100 043-260-7298 cheongju.kbs.co.kr 1645.6.16 Cheongju Youngwon Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do KBS Im 109, Bangsong-gil, Chuncheon-si, 24363 033-258-7100 033-258-7118 chunchon.kbs.co.kr 1944.12.20 Chuncheon Ohjin Gangwon-do KBS Jo 3448, Jungwon-daero, Uichang-gu, 27428 043-840-7100 043-840-7299 chungju.kbs.co.kr 1962.5.15 Chungju Haryong Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do KBS Kim 30, Dalgubeol-daero 496-gil, 42095 053-757-7100 053-757-7197 daegu.kbs.co.kr 1939.4.19 Daegu Duckgi Suseong-gu, Daegu KBS Park 128, Dunsan-daero 117beon-gil, 35203 042-470-7100 042-470-7699 daejeon.kbs.co.kr 1943.7.15 Daejeon Sanghyun Seo-gu, Daejeon KBS Kim 13, Imnyeong-ro 131beon-gil, gangneung.kbs. 25534 033-640-7100 033-640-7119 1941.12.6 Gangneung Inyoung Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do co.kr KBS Hong 61946 287, Uncheon-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju 062-610-7100 033-610-7799 gwangju.kbs.co.kr 1942.3.21 Gwangju Giseob KBS Kim 63124 104, Sin-daero, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 064-740-7100 064-740-7199 jeju.kbs.co.kr 1950.9.10 Jeju Chilsung KBS Seo 30, Majeonjungang-ro, Wansan-gu, 54962 063-270-7100 063-270-7129 jeonju.kbs.co.kr 1938.10.1 Jeonju Hyunchul Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do KBS Park 85, Sinan-ro, Jinju-si, 52695 055-740-7100 055-740-7499 jinju.kbs.co.kr 1976.4.1 Jinju Sangsub Gyeongsangnam-do KBS Kang 221, Yangeul-ro, Mokpo-si, 58613 061-270-7100 061-270-7399 mokpo.kbs.co.kr 1942.11.1 Mokpo Donggu Jeollanam-do KBS Song 72, Jungseom-ro, Nam-gu, 37771 054-280-7100 054-280-7299 pohang.kbs.co.kr 1961.6.22 Pohang Daewon Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do KBS Kim 250, Jungang-ro, Suncheon-si, 57938 061-750-7100 061-750-7399 suncheon.kbs.co.kr 1976.7.1 Suncheon Yongseok Jeollanam-do KBS Sung 44702 212, Beonyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 052-270-7100 052-270-7299 ulsan.kbs.co.kr 1984.12.16 Ulsan Changkyung KBS Park 37, Wonil-ro, Wonju-si, 26432 033-760-7100 033-760-7499 wonju.kbs.co.kr 1964.9.1 Wonju Kiwan Gangwon-do Ahn MBC 03925 267, Seongam-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 02-780-0011 02-784-0880 www.imbc.co.kr 1961.12.2 Gwanghan Andong Kim 20, Danwon-ro, Andong-si, www.andongmbc. 36645 054-851-7114 054-854-3400 1970.9.12 MBC Sangchul Gyeongsangbuk-do co.kr Busan Moon 69, Gampo-ro 8beon-gil, www.busanmbc. 48276 051-760-1000 051-761-2162 1959.4.15 MBC Chulho Suyeong-gu, Busan co.kr

89 Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment MBC Gyeongnam Hwang 13, Gaho-ro, Jinju-si, 1968.5.31/ (The former 52817 055-771-2113 055-757-2109 www.mbcgn.kr Yonggu Gyeongsangnam-do 2011.9.1 Changwon MBC) Cheongju Lee 1322, 2sunhwan-ro, Heungdeok-gu, 28382 043-229-7070 043-239-7827 www.mbccj.co.kr 1970.10.23 MBC Yongseok Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do Chuncheon Lee 54, Subyeongongwon-gil, 24239 033-259-1215 033-254-6400 www.chmbc.co.kr 1968.7.13 MBC Wooyong Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do Chungju Lee 3250, Jungwon-daero, Chungju-si, 27480 043-841-8114 043-841-8199 www.cjmbc.co.kr 1970.11.12 MBC Yongseok Chungcheongbuk-do Daegu Kim 400, Dongdaegu-ro, Suseong-gu, 42020 053-740-9500 053-740-9756 www.dgmbc.com 1963.8.8 MBC Hwanyeol Daegu Daejeon Lee 34125 161, Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 042-330-3114 042-330-3700 www.tjmbc.co.kr 1964.9.26 MBC Jinsook Gangneung Broadcasting station : 25477 267, Gajak-ro, Gangneung-si, 033-650-2114 033-650-2147 Gangwon An Gangwon-do yeongdong www.mbceg.co.kr 1968.3.29 Ujeong MBC Samcheok Broadcasting station : 25909 629-59, Saecheonnyeondo-ro, 033-571-3114 033-571-3155 Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do Gwangju Choi 17, Wolsan-ro 116beon-gil, Nam-gu, 61629 062-360-2000 062-360-2155 www.kjmbc.co.kr 1964.6.13 MBC Youngjun Gwangju Jeju Kim 63120 35, Munyeon-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 064-740-2114 064-746-9020 www.jejumbc.co.kr 1968.9.14 MBC Changok Jeonju Won 50, Seonneomeo 1-gil, Wansan-gu, 54986 063-220-8000 063-226-1363 www.jmbc.co.kr 1971.4.23 MBC Mansik Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do Mokpo Lee 334, Yeongsan-ro, Mokpo-si, Jeolla- www.mokpombc. 58700 061-270-9000 061-270-9209 1968.8.17 MBC Jangseok nam-do co.kr Pohang Lee 421, Saecheonnyeon-daero, Nam-gu, 37685 054-289-0114 054-272-2117 www.phmbc.co.kr 1971.10.1 MBC Woocheol Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do Ulsan Yoon 44512 65, Seowon 3-gil, Jung-gu, Ulsan 052-290-1114 052-290-1117 www.usmbc.co.kr 1968.4.10 MBC Gilyong Wonju Kim 67, Hakseong-gil, Wonju-si, 26412 033-741-8114 033-741-8149 www.wjmbc.co.kr 1970.9.19 MBC Chuljin Gangwon-do Yeosu Yun 135, Munsu-ro, Yeosu-si, 59700 061-650-3333 061-652-8506 www.ysmbc.co.kr 1970.8.27 MBC Youngwook Jeollanam-do Korea Educational Woo 35, Baumoe-ro 1-gil, Seocho-gu, 06762 02-526-2000 02-526-3855 www.ebs.co.kr 1990.12.27 Broadcasting Jongbum Seoul System(EBS)

Private Broadcasting

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Kim 161, Mokdongseo-ro, Yangcheon-gu, SBS 07996 02-2061-0006 02-2113-3169 www.sbs.co.kr 1990.11.14 Jinwon Seoul G1(The former Gangwon Kim 274, Soyanggang-ro, Dong-myeon, Television 24210 033-248-5000 033-248-5130 www.g1tv.co.kr 2001.12.15 Youngchul Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do Broadcasting, GTB) Gyeonggi Kim 111, Maeyeong-ro 345beon-gil, Broadcasting 16703 031-210-0999 031-210-0919 www.kfm.co.kr 1997.12.2 Bangja Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do (KFM)

90 Appendix 4. Directory Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Kyung-In Jeon 7, Aam-daero 287beon-gil, Nam-gu, 22196 032-830-1000 032-830-1812 www.ifm.kr 1997.10.11 Broadcasting Hyeokchul Incheon Kwangju Broadcasting Yang 61637 87, Joongang-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju 062-650-3114 062-673-3352 www.ikbc.co.kr 1995.5.14 Corporation Chulhoon (KBC) Taegu Broadcasting Kim 23, Dongdaegu-ro, Suseong-gu, 42175 053-760-1900 053-760-1888 www.tbc.co.kr 1995.5.14 Corporation Jeonggil Daegu (TBC) Taejon Kang Broadcasting 34125 131, Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 042-281-1101 042-284-5444 www.tjb.co.kr 1995.5.14 Sunmo Company(TJB) Ulsan Broadcasting Lee 44520 41, Gugyo-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan 052-228-6100 052-228-6145 www.ubc.co.kr 1997.9.1 Corporation Sang-yong (UBC) Jeonju Television Shin 1083, Jungyeorip-ro, Deokjin-gu, 54859 063-250-5200 063-250-5249 www.jtv.co.kr 1997.9.27 Corporation Hyokyun Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do (JTV) Jeju Free International Kim City 63148 95, Yeonsam-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 064-740-7800 064-740-7859 www.jibstv.com 2002.5.31 Yangsoo Broadcasting System(JIBS) Cheongju Lee 59-1, Saun-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Broadcasting 28654 043-265-7000 043-265-7012 www.cjb.co.kr 1997.10.18 Dooyoung Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do (CJB) Korea New Moon 30, Centum seo-ro, Haeundae-gu, 48058 051-850-9000 070-4275-0505 www.knn.co.kr 1995.5.14 Network(KNN) Hyeokjoo Busan OBS Yoon 233, Ojeong-ro, Ojeong-gu, 14442 032-670-5000 032-670-5199 www.obs.co.kr 2007.12.28 Kyung-In TV Jungsik Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do

Special Broadcasting

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment BBS (Buddhist Seon 04175 20, Mapo-daero, Mapo-gu, Seoul 02-705-5114 02-705-5229 www.bbsi.co.kr 1990.5.1 Broadcasting Sangshin System) BEFM Jung 41, Centum dong-ro, Haeundae-gu, (Busan English 48059 051-663-0100 051-336-0019 www.befm.or.kr 2008.05.29 Gyungjin Busan Broadcasting) CBS (Christian Han 159-1, Mokdongseo-ro, Yangcheon- 07997 02-2650-7000 02-2654-2457 www.cbs.co.kr 1954.12.15 Broadcasting Yonggil gu, Seoul System) GFN (Gwangju Yoon Foreign 61640 17, Sajik-gil, Nam-gu, Gwangju 062-460-0987 062-461-0987 www.gfn.or.kr 2008.06.09 Janghyun Language Network Korea International Arirang Tower, 2351, Bang Broadcasting 06713 Nambusunhwan-ro, Seocho-gu, 02-3475-5000 02-3475-5006 www.arirang.co.kr 1996.4.10 Seokho Foundation Seoul (Arirang)

91 Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment PBS TV (Pyeonghwa Ahn 1995.3.1 100-031 330, Samil-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2270-2114 02-2270-2210 www.pbc.co.kr Broadcasting Byeongchul FM Corporation) 1990.4.15 TBN (Traffic Jung 100-789 407, Wangsimni-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2230-6114 02-2230-6269 www.tbn.or.kr 1997.12.20 Broadcasting Chanhyeong System) TBS (Seoul Traffic Sung 100-250 36, Toegye-ro 26-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-311-5114 02-311-5229 www.tbs.seoul.kr 1990.6.11 Broadcasting Kyunghwan System) WBS (Won Buddhism Lee 75, Hyeonchung-ro, Dongjak-gu, 156-856 02-2102-7700 02-2102-7722 www.wbsfm.co.kr 1998.11.30 Broadcasting Hyunsuk Seoul System)

Comprehensive Programming Broadcasting & News Broadcasting

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Kim 1, Cheonggyecheon-ro, Jongno-gu, Channel A 03187 02-2020-3114 02-2020-2719 www.ichannela.com 2011.12.1 Jaeho Seoul Hong JTBC 04511 88, Seosomun-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-751-6000 02-751-6076 www.jtbc.co.kr 2011.12.1 Seokhyun Jang MBN 04627 190, Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2000-3114 02-2000-3098 mbn.co.kr 1995.3.1 Daehwan Byun 33, Sejong-daero 21-gil, Jung-gu, TV Chosun 04527 02-1661-0190 02-2180-1999 tv.chosun.com 2011.12.1 Yongsik Seoul Yonhap Park 25, Yulgok-ro 2-gil, Jongno-gu, 03143 02-398-7800 02-398-4499 www.news-y.co.kr 2011.12.1 News TV Nohhwang Seoul Jo YTN 03926 76, Sangamsan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 02-398-8000 02-398-8869 www.ytn.co.kr 1995.3.1 Joonhui

Terrestrial DMB

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment QBS Kim 08390 3F, 288, Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 02-2082-2000 02-2082-2001 www.kdmb.co.kr 2004.05 (Korea DMB) Kyungsun Ju 70, Gyeongin-ro 71gil, U1 Media 07286 02-2071-3500 www.u1media.com 2004.03.29 Sanggyun Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Jo YTN DMB 03926 76, Sangamsan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 02-398-8000 02-2160-7119 dmb.ytn.co.kr 2004.11.25 Joonhui

92 Appendix 4. Directory 3) Internet Newspapers*

Independent Internet newspapers**

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Baek 17, Hangang-daero 7-gil, Able News 04380 02-792-7785 02-792-7786 www.ablenews.co.kr 2002.12.1 Jonghwan Yongsan-gu, Seoul Choi 2F, 52-20, Yeonhui-ro, Seodaemun- CNB News 03781 02-396-3733 02-396-7330 www.cnbnews.com 2004.11.1 Yeongtae gu, Seoul Lee 583, Yangcheon-ro, Gangseo-gu, Dailian 07547 02-714-0770 02-714-2969 www.dailian.co.kr 2004.4.1 Sanghwi Seoul Health Korea Park 2F., 5, World cup-ro 10-gil, 04004 02-364-2002 02-364-2501 www.hkn24.com 2007.3.2 News Wonjin Mapo-gu, Seoul Lee 3~4F, 15, Dokmak-ro 19gil, INews 24 04068 02-3347-114 02-3347-594 www.inews24.com 2000.3.20 Changho Mapo-gu, Seoul Kim 38, Seolleung-ro 90-gil, Medical Today 06193 02-561-4494 02-554-9597 www.mdtoday.co.kr 2006.2.1 Sang-won Gangnam-gu, Seoul In 3F, 120, Namdaemoon-ro 5 ga, New Daily 04527 02-6919-7011 02-702-2079 www.newdaily.co.kr 2005.12.5 Bogil Jung-gu, Seoul Min 9F., 70, Gukjegeumyung-ro, Newspim 07333 02-319-4401 02-319-4406 www.newspim.com 2003.4.26 Byungbok Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Oh 18F, 396, World cup buk-ro, Oh My News 03925 02-733-5505 02-733-5077 www.ohmynews.com 2000.2.22 Yeonho Mapo-gu, Seoul Kim 71, Yeouinaru-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Poli News 07327 02-780-4392 02-780-4395 www.polinews.co.kr 2000.8.3 Neung-gu Seoul Park 49, Yanghwa-ro 10-gil, Mapo-gu, Pressian 04043 02-722-8494 02-6008-8400 www.pressian.com 2001.7.1 Inkyu Seoul The Counsumer Jo 77, Seongsuil-ro, Seongdong-gu, www.consumernews. 06254 02-6965-7755 02-6965-7751 2006.10.10 News Yeonghang Seoul co.kr The Financial Ahn 4F, 17, Dogok-ro 7 gil, Gangnam-gu, and Economic 06254 02-578-9710 02-6008-9971 www.jkn.co.kr 2006.3.27 Jaejin Seoul News The Prime Lee 9, Yeouidaebang-ro 67-gil, www.newsprime. 07333 02-761-6114 02-761-6163 2005.10.1 Economy Daily Seungchan Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul co.kr www.todaykorea. Today Korea Hong Giwon 06585 200, Bangbae-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 070-7431-5115 02-534-0456 2006.8.15 co.kr Voice of 11F, 469, Samil-daero, Jongno-gu, Yoon Wonseok 03147 02-723-4266 02-723-5869 www.vop.co.kr 2000.5.10 People Seoul Kim Kyung- ZdnetKorea 04033 111, Yanghwa-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 02-3300-100 02-566-4468 www.zdnet.co.kr 2000.5.20 muk

Dependent Internet newspapers***

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Digital Chosun Kim 52, Sejong-daero 21-gil, Jung-gu, Ilbo(Chosun 04519 02-724-5114 02-3701-2999 www.chosun.com 1995.10.2 Chan Seoul Ilbo's website) Dong-A.com Kim 7F., 29, Chungjeong-ro, (Dong-A Ilbo's 03737 02-360-0400 02-360-0309 www.donga.com 1996.11.1 Ilheung Seodaemun-gu, Seoul website)

93 Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Etnews (The Electronic Lee 701, 123, Gasan digital 2-ro, 08505 02-857-0114 02-857-0126 www.etnews.com 2000.4.10 Times's Sunki Geumcheon-gu, Seoul website) Hankooki.com Cho (Hankook 04553 308, Samil-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-6388-8000 02-6388-8099 www.hankooki.com 2000.2.3 Sanghyun Ilbo's website) Hankyoreh Jung 6, Hyochangmok-gil, (Hankyoreh's 04186 02-710-0114 www.hani.co.kr 1996.4.27 Youngmu Mapo-gu, Seoul website) Hankyung.com (The Korea Hwang 10F., 463, Cheongpa-ro, Jung-gu, 04505 02-3277-9900 02-392-8773 www.hankyung.com 1999.11.1 Economic Jaehwal Seoul Daily's website) Joins.com Song (JoongAng 04513 100, Seosomun-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2108-3430 www.joins.com 1999.9 Pilho Ilbo's website) Kukinews Byun 7F., 400, World cup buk-ro, (Kukmin Ilbo's 03925 02-3153-4434 02-3153-4444 www.kukinews.com 2004.10.13 Jaewoon Mapo-gu, Seoul website) Kyunghyang. com Lee (Kyunghyang 04518 3, Jeongdong-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-3701-1114 02-3701-1745 www.khan.co.kr 2010.12 Donghyun Daily News's website) Maekyoung. com Yoon (Maeil Business 04627 8F., 190, Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2000-5400 02-2000-5425 www.mk.co.kr 1999.11.1 Hyungsik Newspaper's website) Segye.com Cha 26, Gyeonghuigung-gil, Jongno-gu, (Segye Times's 03175 02-2000-1234 02-2000-1349 www.segye.com 2002.4.1 Joonyeong Seoul website) Seoul Shinmun (Seoul Kim 04520 124, Sejongdae-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2000-9621 02-2000-9539 www.seoul.co.kr Shinmun's Yeongman website) * Internet newspapers are newspapers that exist on the Internet. There are the types of Internet newspapers, dependent Internet newspapers and independent Internet newspapers. ** Independent Internet newspapers are newspapers that exist on the Internet except for dependent Internet newspapers. *** Dependent Internet newspapers are newspapers that exist on the Internet as an Internet version of a printed newspaper. **** The Internet Newspapers in the list above are referred from 「2014~2015 Korean Journalists」 or the members of KONA(Korea Online Newspaper Association)

94 Appendix 4. Directory 4) Media Organizations

Public Institutions

Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Foundation for Chmn. Go 6F, 20, Gukjegeumyung-ro, 07327 02-780-2491 02-780-2496 www.fbc.or.kr 1988.12.31 Broadcast Culture Yeongju Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Internet Chmn. Bang 17, Teheran-ro 86-gil, Newspaper 06179 02-3143-5610 02-3143-5612 inc.or.kr 2012.12.26 Jaehong Gangnam-gu, Seoul Committee Korea Broadcasting Pres. Kwak 04520 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-731-7114 02-731-7110 www.kobaco.co.kr 2012.5.23 Advertising Sungmoon Corporation Korea Communications Chmn. Park 233, Mokdongdong-ro, 07995 02-3219-5114 02-3219-5039 www.kocsc.or.kr 2008.05.14 Standards Hyojong Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Commission Korea Creative Pres. Song 35, Gyoyuk-gil, Naju-si, 58217 1566-1114 061-900-6015 www.kocca.kr 2009.05.01 Content Agency Sunggak Jeollanam-do Korea Media Chmn. Lee 39, Centum seo-ro, Haeundae-gu, 48058 051-990-7200 051-991-7200 www.kmrb.or.kr 1966.1.27 Rating Board Gyeongsuk Busan www.kpf.or.kr Korea Press Chmn. Kim 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 04520 02-2001-7114 02-2001-7720 www.mediagaon. 2010.02.01 Foundation Byeongho Seoul or.kr Korean Press Chmn. Lee 1305, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Ethics 04520 02-734-3081 02-720-1176 www.ikpec.or.kr 1961.09.12 Honghun Seoul Commission Local Press Chmn. Woo 04520 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2001-7821 02-2001-7820 www.cln.or.kr 2004.11.8 Commission Byungdong News Agency Chmn. Lee 11F, Taeyoung Bldg., 144, Promotion 04212 02-734-4813 02-734-4816 www.konac.or.kr 2005.11.16 Munho Mapo-daero, Mapo-gu, Seoul Foundation Press Arbitration Chmn. Park 15F, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 04520 02-397-3114 02-397-3089 www.pac.or.kr 1981.03.31 Commission Youngsang Seoul

Media Associations

Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Association of 401, Janghan Bldg., 139, Chmn. Kim National Local 07256 Dangsan-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, 02-2632-1260 02-2672-1261 www.anln.org 2003.06.09 Yongsuk Newspapers Seoul Korea Drama 4F, Handok media Graduate Univ., Chmn. Park Production 07590 99, Hwagok-ro 61-gil, Gangseo-gu, 02-554-1448 02-554-1475 www.codatv.or.kr 2006.09.01 Changsik Association Seoul Korea Advertisers Chmn. Lee 44F, 24, Yeoui-daero, 07320 02-2055-4000 02-780-2391 www.kaa.or.kr 1988.09.30 Association Jeongchi Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Korea Audit Chmn. Lee 9F, 137 Olympic-ro 35-gil, Bureau of 05510 02-783-4983 02-782-5889 www.kabc.or.kr 1989.05.31 Sungjun Songpa-gu, Seoul Circulations Korea Business Chmn. Kim 10F, Chunsoo Bldg, 67, Supyo-ro, Journalism 04542 02-2273-3003 02-2273-2332 www.sabo.or.kr 1988.10.10 Heungki Jung-gu, Seoul Association

95 Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Korea Digital Pres. Jung www.newskorea. 61234 324 Jebong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 062-510-0370 062-510-3320 2006.04.21 News Association Youngmu or.kr Korea Electronic Chmn. Lee 3/4F, 173, Hoedong-gil, Paju-si, Publishing 10881 031-955-0041 031-955-0045 www.kepa.or.kr 19992.02 Sangwoon Gyeonggi-do Association Korea Federation Chmn. Lee 9F., 137 Olympic-ro 35-gil, of Advertising 05510 02-2144-0750 02-2144-0759 www.adic.co.kr 1971.07.26 Soondong Songpa-gu, Seoul Association Korea Independent Chmn. An 233, Mokdongdong-ro, Productions 07995 02-3219-5645 02-3219-5649 www.kipa21.com 1996.11.11 Sungju Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Association Korea Internet Chmn. Byun 1402, 43, Yeouiseo-ro, 07239 02-720-8828 02-720-8838 2007.2.10 Media Association Heejae Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Korea Internet Chmn. Lee 3F, 101, Dokmak-ro, Mapo-gu, Newspaper 04068 02-730-7748 02-3143-5612 www.kina.or.kr 2001.10.28 Changho Seoul Association Korea Living Information Chmn. Lee 408, 128, Geumnanghwa-ro, 07511 02-730-8725 02-730-8726 www.koina.or.kr 1995.06.15 Newspaper Huiwon Gangseo-gu, Seoul Association Korea Local Chmn. Song 299, Hyowon-ro, Paldal-gu, Newspaper 16488 031-231-5114 031-231-5234 www.kyeongin.com 2003.3.5 Kwangseok Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do Association Korea Magazine Chmn. Kim 4F, 11, Yeouidaebang-ro 67-gil, 07333 02-3600-000 02-3600-009 www.magazine.or.kr 1962.10.26 Association Giwon Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Korea Mass Chmn. Kim 10F, 379, Yeouidaebang-ro, 07333 02-780-4113 02-785-4113 www.bnman.com 2009.02.01 Media Union Yunjae Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Korea Online Pres. Kim 7F, 29, Chungjeong-ro, Newspaper 03737 02-360-0345 02-360-0329 www.kona.or.kr 1998.12.01 Ilheung Seodaemun-gu, Seoul Association Korea Specialized Chmn. Lee 3F., Haenam Bldg., 5, Newspapers 03971 02-334-7251 02-334-7279 www.kosna.or.kr 1964.11.20 Duksoo Seongmisan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul Association Korean Pres. Song 13F, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, www.presskorea. Association of 04520 02-733-2251 02-720-3291 1957.06.29 Pilho Seoul or.kr Newspapers Korean Chmn. Ahn 13F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, Broadcasters 07995 02-3219-5560 02-3219-5570 www.kba.or.kr 1974.02.01 Kwanghan Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Association Korean Cable Chmn. Yang 5F, 21, Seosomun-ro, Television 03742 02-735-6511 02-735-6514 www.kcta.or.kr 1994.04.20 Hwiboo Seodaemun-gu, Seoul Association Korean Publishers Chmn. Yoon 6, Samcheong-ro, Jongno-gu, 03062 070-7126-4720 02-738-5414 www.kpa21.or.kr 1947.03.15 Association Cheolho Seoul National Association of Chmn. Kim 22, Hooseok-ro 462-gil, 24232 033-260-9005 033-241-7210 2003.3.25 Provincial Jungseok Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do Newspapers

96 Appendix 4. Directory Journalists’ Associations

Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Association of Chmn. Seong 1008, 30, Gukjegeumyung-ro 6-gil, 07328 02-3775-3733 02-3775-3790 www.akj21.org 2000.01.25 Korean Journalists Daeseok Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Broadcasting Producers & Chmn. Park 15F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, 07995 02-3219-5611 02-2643-6416 www.kpda.co 1987.09.05 Directors Gunsik Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Association Journalists Pres. Park 1303, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Association of 04520 02-734-9321 02-738-1003 www.journalist.or.kr 1964.08.17 Jongryul Seoul Korea Journalists Chmn. Lee 1402, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Association of 04520 02-732-7367 02-723-8755 www.malgeul.net 1975.10.17 Kyungwoo Seoul Korean Language Journalists Pres. Lee 813, 43, Yeouiseo-ro, Federation of 07239 02-782-4412 02-782-4413 www.jfk.or.kr 2001.10.23 Sangyeol Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Korea Korea Broadcast Chmn. Jeon 9F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, Journalist 07995 02-2062-8880 02-2062-8814 www.reportplus.org 2008.03.26 Donggun Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Association Korea Broadcasting Pres. Kim 15F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, 07995 02-3219-5620 02-3219-5625 www.kbcda.or.kr 1994.05.26 Camera Directors Changbae Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Association Korea Pres. Yang 12F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, Broadcasting 07995 02-782-0002 02-761-8283 www.kbjc.net 1989.10.12 Youngchul Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Journalists Club Korea Broadcasting Chmn. Lee 15F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, 07995 02-3219-6477 02-3219-6478 www.tvnews.or.kr 1987.11.07 Photo Journalist jungwoo Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Association Korea Copy Editors Chmn. Kim 1402, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 04520 02-732-1267 02-723-2674 www.edit.or.kr 1964.09.28 Association Seonho Seoul Korea Internet Chmn. Kim 80, Beodeunaru-ro, Journalists 07230 070-4411-5452 02-6280-5462 www.kija.org 2002.09.28 Chulkwan Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Association Korea Internet Newspaper Pres. Jeon 33, Gukjegeumyung-ro 6-gil, 07331 02-783-6115 02-6280-0418 www.kinba.org 2004.07.01 Broadcaster Byeonggil Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Association Korea Chmn. Kim 1405, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 04520 02-732-4797 02-730-1270 www.kjclub.or.kr 1977.04.07 Jounrnalists Club Eungu Seoul Yeouido P.O.Box 2, 60, Korea Mass Media Chmn. 07328 Yeouinaru-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, 02-761-8114 02-522-6615 kmjc.kr 2004.10.11 Press Club Choi Ho Seoul Korea Media Chmn. Gwanghwamun P.O.Box 197, 6, www.pressclub. 03187 02-732-7171 02-735-0087 2006.06.29 Journalist Union Oh Moo Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul co.kr Korea Media Suntower Bldg., 26, Chmn. Lee Technology 03175 Gyeonghuigung-gil, Jongno-gu, 02-2000-1191 02-2000-1190 www.kometec.co.kr 2007.10.31 Myungkyu Council Seou Korea News Chmn. Song 1311, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Editors 04520 02-723-7443 02-739-1985 www.editor.or.kr 1957.04.07 Heeyoung Seoul Association Korea Newspaper Chmn. Choi 7F.,139, Beodeunaru-ro, Reporters 07226 02-2678-2415 02-753-3014 www.knra.co.kr 2007.4.7 Jung Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Association

97 Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Korea Online Newspaper Chmn. Jo 7F., 29, Chungjeong-ro, 03737 02-360-0372 02-360-0430 2006.02.10 Journalist Changhyeon Seodaemun-gu, Seoul Association Korea Press Chmn. Lee 1402, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Photographers 04520 02-733-9576 02-733-9640 www.kppa.or.kr 1964.04.24 Donghui Seoul Association Korea Reporters Chmn. Im cafe.naver.com/eco- Club for 30103 11, Doum 6-ro, Sejong-si 044-201-6078 044-201-6018 1990.12.3 Hnag journalists Environment Korea Research Pres. Kim Reporters 04520 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-755-3114 02-730-1988 www.josa.or.kr 1987.10.30 Kyuhoi Association Korea Science Chmn. Sim 707, 22, Teheran-ro 7-gil, Reporters 06130 02-501-3630 02-501-3680 www.koreasja.org 1984.12.15 Jaeeok Gangnam-gu, Seoul Association Korea Voice Chmn. Lee 602, 23, Gukhoe-daero 62-gil, Performance 07236 02-784-0422 02-784-0711 www.kvpa.or.kr 1964.06.04 Geunwook Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Association Korea Woman Chmn. Kang 1306, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, www.womanjournal- Journalists 04520 02-313-3556 02-313-3556 1961.04.01 Kyunghee Seoul ist.or.kr Association Korea Woman's Pres. Shin 2296 Gwanghwamun P.O.Box, 6, Journalists 03187 011-771-6675 1999.03.06 Dongsik Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul Association Korean Announcer Chmn. Yoon 15F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, www.announcer. 07995 02-3219-5715 02-3219-5715 1989.03.31 Association Jiyeong Yangcheon-gu, Seoul or.kr Korean Chmn. Han 417, 127, Mapo-daero, Mapo-gu, Broadcasters' 04144 02-713-8368 02-717-8368 www.kbmc.co.kr 1966.06.12 Youngsub Seoul Association Korean Broadcasting Chmn. Lee 15F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, Engineers & 07995 02-3219-5635 02-2647-6813 www.kobeta.com 1987.11.14 Hoosam Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Technicians Association 1105 Chungmu Bldg., 7, Korean Television Pres. Kim 07333 Yeouidaebang-ro 69-gil, 02-783-7830 02-783-7831 www.koreatv.or.kr 1971.05.06 Actors Association Youngchul Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Korean Television Directors of Pres. Kang 15F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, 07995 02-3219-5660 02-3219-5664 www.tvcam.or.kr 1988.05.26 Photography Gyuwon Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Association Korean TV and Chmn. Lee 401, 750, Gukhoe-daero, Radio Writers 07236 02-782-1696 02-783-3711 www.ktrwa.or.kr 1962.02.15 Geumrim Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Association Pres. Lee 1403, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Kwanhun Club 04520 02-732-0876 02-732-0877 www.kwanhun.com 1957.01.11 Gangdeok Seoul National Union of Chmn.kang 1802, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 04520 02-739-7285 02-735-9400 media.nodong.org 2000.11.24 Media Workers Seongnam Seoul Seoul Foreign Chmn. Um 18F., 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Correspondent 04520 02-734-3272 02-734-7712 www.sfcc.or.kr 1956.06.01 Jaehan Seoul Club(SFCC) Seoul Chmn. Kang 901, 138, Seosomun-ro, Jung-gu, 04514 02-757-5608 02-757-5609 1984.9.14 Journalists Club Seunghoon Seoul 4F., Seongsu Bldg., 31, The Korea Mass Chmn. Lee 05088 Jayanggangbyeon-gil, 02-3775-0017 02-3775-0019 1994.01.20 Media Club Hyeonggyun Gwangjin-gu, Seoul Yeoido Chmn. Baek 13, Yeouigongwon-ro, 07235 02-789-1352 02-789-1359 1990.08.31 Broadcasters Club Jongmun Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul

98 Appendix 4. Directory Non-Profit Foundations/ Self Regulatory Organizatons/ International Organization

Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Bang Il-Young Chmn. Jo 30, Sejong-daero 21-gil, Jung-gu, 04519 02-724-5041 02-724-5049 www.bangfound.org 1993.11.18 Foundation Yeonheung Seoul Cheong-Am Chmn. Lee 5F., 6, Hyochangmok-gil, Mapo-gu, www.songkunho. 04186 02-710-0288 02-710-0129 2001.11.06 Press Foundation haedong Seoul or.kr Ilkyung Chmn. Yoon 940, 12, Teheran-ro 63-gil, 06160 02-508-0078 1997.06.26 Press Foundation Imsool Gangnam-gu, Seoul IPI Korean Chmn. Bang 1404, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, National 04520 02-732-6005 02-722-7337 www.freemdia.at 1961.02.11 Sanghun Seoul Committee Jung Jin-Gi Chmn. Lee 11F., 190, Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, 04627 02-2000-2115 02-2000-2129 1981.07.14 Press Foundation Seorye Seoul Korea Advertising Pres. Kim 10F., 137, Olympic-ro 35-gil, 05510 02-2144-4300 02-2144-4307 www.karb.or.kr 1991.03.27 Review Board Minki Songpa-gu, Seoul 28F., LG twintower Bldg., 128, LG Sangnam Chmn. Byun 07336 Yeoui-daero, Yeongdeungpo-gu, 02-3773-0191 02-3773-0195 www.lgpress.org 1995.12.09 Press Foundation Yongshik Seoul Samsung Chmn. Jung 19F., 4, Seocho-daero 74-gil, www.ssmedianet. 06620 02-597-4201 02-597-4208 1995.10.24 Press Foundation Chang-young Seocho-gu, Seoul org Sungkok Chmn. Han 1119, 92, Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Jounalism 03186 02-734-0342 02-734-0341 1965.09.13 Jong-wu Seoul Foundation Yumin Cultural Chmn. Lee 04513 100, Seosomun-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-751-9892 02-751-9494 www.yumin.org 1999.01.28 Foundation Honggu

Media Societies

Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Korea Association for Communication Chmn. Yoo 125, Gangseo-ro 17-gil, 07766 02-392-4426 02-392-4426 www.kacis.or.kr 1998.04.01 & Information Sunyeong Gangseo-gu, Seoul Studies Korean Academic Chmn. Lee 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Society for Cyber- 04620 www.cybercom.or.kr Hogyu Seoul communications Korean Academic Pres. Kim 1005, 56, Dasan-ro, Jung-gu, Society for Public 04597 www.kaspr.or.kr 1997.02. Chanseok Seoul Relations Korean Advertising Pres. Park 9F., 137 Olympic-ro 35-gil, 05510 02-2144-0264 02-2144-0265 www.koads.or.kr 1989.10.14 Society Hyeonsoo Songpa-gu, Seoul Korean Association Pres. Lee 10F., 137 Olympic-ro 35-gil, for Advertising & 05510 www.kadpr.or.kr 1998.08.30 Jongmin Songpa-gu, Seoul Public Relations Korean Association for Broadcasting & Chmn. Jung 12F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, 07995 02-3219-5725 02-3219-5729 www.kabs.or.kr 1988.09.10 Telecommunication Jaecheol Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Studies Korean Society www. Chmn. Jung 602 Gabriel Bldg., 35, Broadcasting 04107 02-705-8905 02-705-8067 goodbroadcasting. 1988.05.04 Joongheon Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul Criticism com

99 Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Korean Society for Journalism & Chmn. Sho 1015, 19, Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, 03157 02-762-6833 02-723-8351 www.comm.or.kr 1959.06.30 Communication Sungkyum Seoul Studies Korean Society for Chmn. Moon 222, Wangsimni-ro, Media Law,Ethics & 04763 www.klep.or.kr 2002.02.08 Jaewan Seongdong-gu, Seoul Policy Research Korean Society of Pres. Ho 1108, 22, Teheran-ro 7-gil, Broadcast 06130 02-568-3556 02-568-3557 www.ksobe.org 1994.10.19 Yosung Gangnam-gu, Seoul Engineers Korean Women's 413, Ewha POSCO Bldg., 52, Association for Pres. www.womencom. 03760 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, 02-579-7048 2003 Communication Seol Jina or.kr Seoul Studies

Civic Media Organizations

Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment BJY (Right Local Chmn. Kim 1906, 1719, Gyebaek-ro, Jung-gu, 34909 070-7013-9995 070-4170-4411 www.bjynews.com 1996.04.20 Press Solidarity) Myungkwan Daejeon Center for Media Chmn. Choi 105, 55, Seochojungang-ro 24-gil, www.presswatch. Responsibility and 06603 02-591-0541 02-591-0543 2002.01.31 Gyeongjin Seocho-gu, Seoul or.kr Human Rights Citizen's Coalition Pres. Ko 4F., 10, Mapo-daero 14ga-gil, for Democratic 04207 02-392-0181 02-392-3722 www.ccdm.or.kr 1984.12.19 Seungwoo Mapo-gu, Seoul Media Citizen's Coalition Chmn. Yoon 201, 5, Digital-ro 26-gil, Guro-gu, for Media 08389 02-6220-6108 02-6220-6106 www.ccpb.or.kr 2007.04.20 Seokmin Seoul Publicness Co-Chmn. Lee Sang-yeol, Civil Coalition for 3F, 231, Dokmak-ro, Mapo-gu, Lee Jaegyo, 04096 02-730-5164 02-730-5165 www.fairmedia.or.kr 2008.09.30 Fairness in Media Seoul Moon Myungho Media World, Open Chmn. Park 18, Yeouidaebang-ro 54-gil, www.mediayolsa. 06939 02-4144-2254 02-738-2254 2000.11.03 Minded Jinok Dongjak-gu, Seoul or.kr

100 Appendix 4. Directory 5) University / Graduate School

University departments of communication programs_Seoul

University Department ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Department of ChungAng 84, Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Advertising & 06974 02-820-5504 02-821-5503 www.iadpr.org 1974.3 University Seoul Public Relations Department of ChungAng 806, 303 Bldg., Artcenter, 84 Media 06974 02-820-5481 02-812-4941 cmc.cau.ac.kr/xe 1958.07 University Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul Communication DongGuk Department of 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, 04620 02-2260-8729 02-2260-3684 www.dgu-ad.net 1994.09.07 University Advertising & PR Seoul Department of DongGuk Journalism & 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, 04620 02-2260-8723 02-2260-3940 comm.dongguk.edu 1995 University Mass Seoul Communications Department of Ewha posco Bldg. 212, 52, Ewha Womans myhome.ewha.ac.kr/ Communication & 03760 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, 02-3277-2233 02-3277-4010 1960.04 University user/masscomm Media Seoul Hankuk Journalism & Socialscience Bldg. 103-2, 107, builder.hufs.ac.kr/ University of Mass 02450 Imoon-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, 02-2173-2314 02-962-3138 user/ 1978.03.02 Foreign Communication Seoul communication/ Studies Division admedia. Hanyang Cyber Department of 222, Wangshipli-ro, Sungdong-gu, 04763 02-2290-0440 02-2290-0601 hanyangcyber.ac.kr/ 2003.03.02 University advertising Seoul Community/ Major in Socialscience Bldg., 222 Hanyang Uni- Journalism & 04763 Wangshipli-ro, Sungdong-gu, 02-2220-0850 02-2281-4554 comm.hanyang.ac.kr 1963.04 versity Mass Seoul Communication Department of Howon Howon Art Hall, 30, Sungahn-ro, green.howon.ac.kr/ Broadcasting 05406 02-2045-5330 02-522-0187 2006.03.02 University Kangdong-gu, Seoul star Image Kukmin School of Bukak 603, 77, Jeongneung-ro, www.kmu-comm. 02707 02-910-4260 02-910-4429 1997 University communication Seongbuk-gu, Seoul com Korea School of Media & Media Bldg. 2F, 145, Anam-ro, mediacom.korea. 02841 02-3290-1400 02-925-4797 1965 University Communication Seongbuk-gu, Seoul ac.kr Korean National Department of 146-37, Hwarang-ro 32 gil, 02789 02-746-9552 02-7469-549 www.karts.ac.kr 2001.03.02 University of broadcasting Seongbuk-gu, Seoul Arts Division of Kwangwoon 20, Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Communication 01897 02-940-5370 02-918-3258 www.kwmedia.info 1990.03.01 University Seoul Arts www.kyonggi.ac.kr/ KyongGi Uni- 2F, Main Bldg, 24, Kyonggidae-ro kguSbjInfo.kgu?mzco Multimedia 03752 02-390-5070 02-392-6567 1998 versity 9-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul de=K00M010913&or gCd=K011011 KyongGi 2F, Media Center, Kyonggidae-ro Mediapolitics 03752 02-390-5103 02-392-6567 www.jmc.ac.kr 2000.03.02 University 9-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul School of www. Kyunghee 26, Kyunghee-daero, Journalism & 02447 02-961-9383 02-961-0622 communication. 1965.01.01 University Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul Communication ac.kr

101 University Department ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment www.mju.ac.kr/user/ introduction_mju/ Myungji Department of 6F., Main bldg., 34 Geobukgol-ro, info/college/ 03674 02-300-0710 02-300-0654 2005.02 University Digital Media Seodaemun-gu, Seoul department_list.jsp? deptCd=16440&id=mj ukr_020202050100 Department of Sejong Jiphyun Bldg. 506, 209 cm.sejong.ac.kr/ Communication 05006 02-3408-3307 02-3408-4307 1998.03 University Neungdong-ro, Seoul user/nnbdpt/ Art Seoul National Department of Socialscience Bldg. (64) 301, 1 communication.snu. 08826 02-880-6467~6 02-885-8418 1975.02.28 University Coummunication Kwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul ac.kr Seoul National Department of University of 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, eeme.seoultech. Media 01811 02-970-6480 02-979-7903 2012.03 Science of Seoul ac.kr Engineering Technology Seoul Division of 621, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Women's Communication & 01797 02-970-5581 02-970-5964 www.swumedia.com 1998.03 Seoul University Media Sogang School of Mass Samsung Gabriel Bldg(G), 35 www.sgcomm. 04107 02-705-8182 02-705-8184 1968.03 University Communications Baekbum-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul sogang.ac.kr Sookmyung Division of Saehim Bldg. 201, 47 Chungpa-ro comm.sookmyung. Women's 04310 02-710-9293 02-710-9731 1995 Coummunication 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul ac.kr University Sookmyung Division of Public Soonhun Bldg. 312, 100 prad.sookmyung. Women's Relations & 04310 Chungpa47-ro, Yongsan-gu, 02-710-9734 02-2077-7326 1997 ac.kr University Advertising Seoul Department of Soongsil Journalism, Jo ManSik Bldg. 747, 369 www.ssu.ac.kr/web/ 06978 02-820-0306 02-822-3486 1999 University Public Relations & Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul ssja Advertising Department of Sungkonghoe 320 Yeondong-ro, Guro-gu, Media & 08359 02-2610-4286 02-2683-8858 media.skhu.ac.kr 1996 University Seoul Communication Department of Soosun Bldg. 61409, 25-2 Sungkyunkwan Journalism & www.skkucomm. 03063 Sungkyunkwan-ro, Jongno-gu, 02-760-0391 02-760-0390 1966.12 University Mass ac.kr Seoul Communications Sungshin Department of Soojung Bldg(B) 718, 2, www.sungshin.ac.kr/ Women's Media 02844 Bomun-ro 34da-gil, 02-920-7805 02-920-2108 2006.03.01 mediacomm University Communication Seongbuk-gu, Seoul Yonsei Division of Yonhee Bldg. 120-749, Yonsei-ro www.yonsei. 03722 02-2123-2970 02-2123-8305 1972 University Communication 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul ac.kr/~comm

University departments of communication programs_Local

University Department ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Ajou Division of 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, 16499 031-219-2630 031-219-1797 media.ajou.ac.kr 1998 University Digital Media Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do Catholic Seoyohankwan 315, 13-13 School of University of 38430 Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup, 053-850-3286 053-850-3585 media.cu.ac.kr 2002.05 Communication Daegu Kyungsan-si, Kyungsangbuk-do Department of Socialscience Bldg. 22308, 20, Changwon portal.changwon. Journalism & Changwondaehak-ro, National 51140 055-213-3250 055-213-3259 ac.kr/home/ 1998 Mass Euichang-gu, Changwon-si, University mass-media Communication Kyungsangnam-do Department of Socialscience Bldg. 106, 298 Cheongju www.cju.ac.kr/web/ Advertising & 25803 Daesung-ro, Sangdang-gu, 043-229-8299 043-229-8233 1995.03.01 University adver Public Relations Chungju-si, Choongchungbuk-do

102 Appendix 4. Directory University Department ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Department of Chonbuk Journalism & 567, Baekjedae-ro, Duckjin-gu, National 54896 063-270-2952 063-270-2967 mass.chonbuk.ac.kr 1988.03 Mass Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do University Communication Chonnam Na- Department of 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, altair.chonnam. tional Mass 61186 062-530-2670 062-530-2679 1980.10.02 Gwangju ac.kr/~journal University Communication Department of Chosun 309, Pilmundae-ro, Dong-gu, chosun.ac.kr/ Journalism & 61452 062-230-6704 062-230-6704 1993.09.03 University Gwangju ~comm Communications Chungnam Department of 99, Daehak-ro, Yoosung-gu, National 34134 042-821-6371 042-821-8885 cnucomm.net 1989.03 Coummunications Daejeon University Depertment of Chungwoon Incheon Campus 608, 113, adpr.chungwoon. Advertising & 22100 041-630-3366 041-630-3317 1971.01.01 University Sookgol-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon ac.kr Public Relations Euncheonkwan 401, 25, Depertment of Chungwoon Daehak-gil, Hongsung-eup, bangsong. Broadcasting & 32244 041-630-3360 041-630-3175 1995.08.21 University Hongsung-gun, chungwoon.ac.kr Digital Media Choongchungnam-do Department of Socialscience Bldg. 2205B, 201, Daegu Journalism & 38453 Daegudae-ro, Jinryang-eup, 053-850-6290 053-850-6379 comm.daegu.ac.kr 1999.03 University Mass Kyungsan-si, Kyungsangbuk-do Communication Department of Socialscience Bldg. 515, 1007 Daejin Mass Media & 11159 Hoguk-ro, Pocheon-si, 031-539-1700 031-539-1700 media.daejin.ac.kr 1994.03 University Communication Kyunggi-do Dankook School of Mediacenter 103, 152 Jukjeon-ro, 16890 031-8005-3342 031-8021-7208 www.dankook.ac.kr 1996 University Communication Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Kyunggi-do DongA Department of Bumin campus, 225 Guduk-ro, 49236 051-200-8645 051-200-8645 comm.donga.ac.kr 1987.10.23 University Communication Seo-gu, Busan Depertment of DongEui Humanscience Bldg.(1) 313, 176 Advertisingand 47340 051-890-2027 051-890-2607 deuad.woweb.net 1999.03.02 University Umgwang-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan Public Relations Department of Humanscience Bldg.(1), 176 DongEui massmedia.deu. Mass 47340 Umgwang-ro, Busanjin-gu, 051-890-1310 051-890-2607 1995.03.02 University ac.kr Communication Busan Dongseo Division of Visual 3F., Newmilenium Bldg., 47, uni.dongseo.ac.kr/ 47011 051-320-1690 051-320-1690 2000.03 University Communication Jurae-ro, Sasang-gu, Busan visual Dongshin Department of 185, Gunjae-ro, Naju-si, 58245 061-330-3430 061-330-3430 be.dsu.ac.kr 1989.11.21 University Broadcasting Jeollanam-do Department of www.gachon.ac.kr/ Gachon 1342, Sungnamdae-ro, Sujung-gu, Journalism & 13120 031-750-5262 031-750-5589 major/business/09/ 1996.03.02 University Sungnam-si, Kyunggi-do Communication index.jsp Department of Gwangju 1F., Social&Human Bldg., 277 Journalism & 61743 062-670-2639 062-670-2639 jmc.gwangju.ac.kr 1985.03.01 University Hyoduck-ro, Nam-gu, Kwangju Communication Halla Department of 28, Halladae-gil, Wonju-si, 26404 033-760-1320 033-760-1319 adpr.halla.ac.kr 2005 University Advertising & PR Kangwon-do Department of Hallym 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Media Communi- 24252 033-248-1910 033-256-3424 media.hallym.ac.kr 1997.11.01 University Chuncheon-si, Kangwon-do cations School of Handong 558, Handong-ro, Buk-gu, Communication 37554 054-260-1411 054-260-1399 sca.ac.kr 1997.11.05 University Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do Arts & Science Major of Mass Hansei Univer- 30, Hanse-ro, Gunpo-si, Communication 15852 031-450-5028 031-450-5084 www.hansei.ac.kr 1992.03.02 sity Gyeonggi-do & Journalism

103 University Department ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Department of Social&Human Bldg. 506, 46, Hanseo Mass comm.hanseo.ac.kr/ 31962 Hanseo1-ro, Haemi-myon, 041-660-1280 - 1996.03 University Communication main.do Seosan-si, Choongchungnam-do & Journalism Division of Hanshin Advertising & 137, Hanshindae-gil, Osan-si, 18101 031-379-0580 031-372-3343 www.hanshinad.com 1995 University Visual Kyunggi-do Communication Department of Erica campus, 55, Hanyang Advertising & 15588 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, 031-400-5420 031-408-5946 adpr.hanyang.ac.kr 2004.06 University Public Relations Ansan-si, Kyunggi-do Department of Erica campus, 55, Hanyang Journalism & hysinbang.hanyang. 15588 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, 031-400-5410 031-436-8179 1982.01 University Mass ac.kr Ansan-si, Kyunggi-do Communication Department of Kwangsan campus, 417, Honam Uni- Journalism & 62399 Odeungdae-ro, Kwangsan-gu, 062-940-5227 062-940-5202 sinbang.honam.ac.kr 1994.03 versity Broadcasting Gwangju Depertment of HongIk 2639, Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, shinan.hongik. Advertising & 30016 041-860-2491 041-862-3490 1998.03 University Yeongi-gun, Choongchungnam-do ac.kr/~adpr Public Relations Department of Hyupsung 72, Choirubaek-ro, Bongdam-eup, Advertising, PR & 18330 031-299-0985 031-227-0958 college.uhs.ac.kr/biz 1994.09.05 University Hwasung-si, Kyunggi-do Media Department of Incheon 119, Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu, newdays.incheon. Mass 22012 032-835-8590 032-835-8301 1998.03.01 University Incheon ac.kr Communication Department of Inha Communication & 22212 100, Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 032-860-8790 032-863-3022 comm.inha.ac.kr 1998.03 University Information Department of Inje Shin-o Bldg. 209, 197, Inje-ro, homepage.inje. Mass 50834 055-320-3526 055-327-1695 1996.03 University Gimhae-si, Kyungsangnam-do ac.kr/~comm Communication Department of Jeju National 102, Jejudaehak-ro Jeju-si, journalism.cheju. Journalism & 63243 064-754-2940 064-702-4240 1998.03 University Jeju-do ac.kr Public Relations Departmnet of Yesulkwan-byeolkwan 309, 303, Jeonju Univer- Broadcasting & 55069 Chunjam-ro, Wansan-gu, 063-220-2277 063-220-2052 business.jj.ac.kr 2004.04.19 sity Movie Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do Kyungbok Bldg. 406, 201, Joongbu Uni- Advertising & Daehak-ro, Choobu-myun, 32713 041-750-6429 041-750-6439 www.jbuad.com 1996 versity Public Relations Gumsan-gun, Choongchungnam-do C4-509, 201, Daehak-ro, Joongbu Journalism & 32713 Choobu-myun, Gumsan-gun, 041-750-6430 041-750-6439 jbmasscom.net 2001.11 University Communications Choongchungnam-do Department of Kangwon Journalism & 1, Kangwandaehak-ro, masscom.kangwon. National 24341 033-250-6880 033-241-6806 1989.03.02 Mass Chuncheon-si, Kangwan-do ac.kr University Comunication Departmnet of Sungseo campus social Bldg. Keimyung Journalism & 42601 147-2, 1095,Dalgubeoldae-ro, 053-580-5398 053-580-5313 web.kmu.ac.kr/jvm 1981.03 University Visual Dalseo-gu, Daegu Communication Department of Sungseo campus social Bldg. Keimyung Mass Advertising 42601 147-2, 1095, Dalgubeoldae-ro, 053-580-5966 053-580-5313 advert.kmu.ac.kr 1981.03 University & Public Relations Dalseo-gu, Daegu Department of Socialscience Bldg. 104, 268, Konkuk Mass 27478 Choongwondae-ro, Choongju-si, 043-840-3445 043-851-9326 masscom.kku.ac.kr 1984 University Communication Choongchungbuk-do

104 Appendix 4. Directory University Department ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Department of Kosin 1F., 4 Lectural Bldg., 4103., 194, Advertising & 49104 051-990-2115 051-990-2115 www.kosinad.com 1999 University Wachi-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan Public Relations Department of 76-32, Daehak-gil, Gamgok- Keukdong Uni- comm.kdu.ac.kr/ Journalism & 27601 myeon, Eumsung-gun, 043-879-3650 043-882-3310 2002.03.01 versity index.do Communication Choongchungbuk-do Kyungbook Department of Socialscience Bldg. 406, 80, National Journalism Mass 41566 053-950-5259 053-950-6259 knumass.com 1984.02 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu University comunication Department of 7, Kyungnamdaehak-ro, Kyungnam Mass www.kyungnam. 51767 Masanhappo-gu, Changwon-si, 055-249-2545 055-223-9186 1984.03 University Comunication & ac.kr/comm/main/ Kyungsangnam-do Journalism Kyungsung Advertising and Munhwa Bldg. (22) 301, 309, 48434 051-663-5130 051-627-7759 ks.ac.kr/adnet 1988 University PR Sooyoung-ro, Nam-gu, Busan Department of Kyungsung Munhwa Bldg. (22) 312, 309, Mass 48434 051-663-5120 051-624-2024 ks.ac.kr/masscomm 1989.03.01 University Sooyoung-ro, Nam-gu, Busan Communication Department of Mokwon Socialscience Bldg. 208, 88, Advertising & 35349 042-829-7780 042-829-7781 adpr.mokwon.ac.kr 1995.03 University Doanbuk-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon Public Relations Department of 91, Daehak-ro, Sunghwan-eup, Namseoul Advertising & 31020 Cheonan-si, 041-580-2230 041-580-2917 adpr.nsu.ac.kr 1996.03.02 University Public Relations Choongchungnam-do PuKyoung Department of Daeyeon campus, 45, Yongso-ro, myweb.pknu.ac.kr/ National Mass 48513 051-629-5475 051-629-5478 1998.03.02 Nam-gu, Busan masscom University Communication Pusan National Department of 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, 2, 46241 051-510-1563 051-512-0945 comm.pusan.ac.kr 1989.03.01 University Communication Gumjung-gu, Busan Department of Informationscience Bldg. 307, Pyongtaek home2.ptu.ac.kr/ Advertising 17869 3825, Seodongdae-ro, 031-659-8551 031-630-3317 2006 University user/prad/ Creation Pyongtaek-si, Kyunggi-do Department of Sangji 83, Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, www.sangji.ac.kr/ Advertising & 26339 033-730-0284 033-730-0203 2003.03.02 University Kangwon-do media/index.action Public Relations Department of Humanscience Bldg. 106-1, 65, Semyung media-c.semyung. Digital Content 27136 Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, Choong- 043-649-1741 043-649-1741 2000.03.02 University ac.kr/index.html Creation chungbuk-do Department of Socialscience Bldg. 403, 65, Semyung smadpr.semyung. Advertising & 27136 Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, 043-649-1769 043-649-1769 1995 University ac.kr Public Relations Choongchungbuk-do Depertment of 377-3, Musimseo-ro, Seowon Advertising & 28674 Heungduck-gu, Chungju-si, 043-299-8630 043-299-8630 home.seowon.ac.kr 1997 University Public Relations Choongchungbuk-do Depertment of Silla 140, Baegyang-daero 700beon-gil, Advertising & 46958 051-999-5042 051-999-6735 www.eadpr.org 1996.10.24 University Sasang-gu, Busan Public Relations Unitopia Bldg. U1004, 22, Department of Soonchunhyang Soonchunhyang-ro, homepage.sch.ac.kr/ Journalism & 31538 041-530-1151 041-530-1151 1994 University Shinchang-myun, Asan-si, masscom Communications Choongchungnam-do Department of Main Bldg. 304C, 221 Sunmoon communication. Media 31460 Sunmoon-ro, Tangjung-myun, 041-530-2506 041-530-2573 1994.09.05 University sunmoon.ac.kr Communications Asan-si, Choongchungbuk-do Department of Suwon 17, Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Mass 18323 031-220-2510 031-220-2459 nplusu.suwon.ac.kr 1984.03 University Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Communication Tongmyung Department of 428, Shinsun-ro, Nam-gu, 48520 051-629-2021 051-629-2029 masscom.tu.ac.kr 1996.03.01 University Journalism Busan

105 University Department ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Department of Tongmyung 428, Shinsun-ro, Nam-gu, Advertising & 48520 051-629-2051 051-629-2019 adpr.tu.ac.kr 2004 University Busan Public Relations Major of Mass Wonkwang 460, Iksandae-ro, Iksan-si, masscom. Communication & 54538 063-850-6416 063-850-6666 1995.10.18 University Jeollabuk=do wonkwang.ac.kr Journalism Woosuk Department of 443, Samrae-ro, Samrae-eup, 55338 063-290-1688 063-290-1688 advent.woosuk.ac.kr 2006.03.01 University Advertising Event Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do Woosuk Department of 443, Samrae-ro, Samrae-eup, shinbang.woosuk. 55338 063-290-1357 063-290-1688 1981.03 University Media & Visual Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do ac.kr/ws Department of Yeungnam 280, Daehak-ro, Kyungsan-si, Media & 38541 053-810-2270 053-810-4612 http://mnc.yu.ac.kr 1997 University Kyungsangbuk-do Communication Depertment of Busan campus, 142, Bansong Youngsan http://adcom.ysu. Advertising & 48015 sunhwan-ro, Haewoondae-gu, 051-540-7246 051-540-7193 2006.03 University ac.kr Public Relations Busan Department of Busan campus, 142, Bansong Youngsan Journalism & 48015 sunhwan-ro, Haewoondae-gu, 051-540-7246 051-540-7193 media.ysu.ac.kr 1998 University Broadcasting Busan

Specialized Graduate School of Communication Programs

University Department Zip code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Graduate School of Public Chonbuk Administration 567, Baekjedae-ro, Duckjin-gu, National 54896 063-270-2234 063-270-2232 gspa.jbnu.ac.kr 2003.12.10 (Science of Mass Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do University Communication & Public Relations) Graduate ChungAng Buphak Bldg. 708, 84 School of Mass 06974 02-820-5051 02-827-0155 shinbang.cau.ac.kr 1980.11. University Heuksuck-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul Communication Graduate School 25, Daehak-ro, Hongsung-eup, Chungwoon egrad.chungwoon. of Information & 32244 Hongsung-gun, 041-630-3145 041-634-8787 1997.10.21 University ac.kr Industry Choongchungnam-do Industrial adminstration graduate Graduate School of Daegu Bldg., 201, Daegudae-ro, Industry & Public 38453 053-850-5034 053-850-5039 info.daegu.ac.kr 1997.09.24 University Jinryang-eup, Kyungsan-si, Administration Kyungsangbuk-do Graduate School Graduate Bldg. 301, 152, Dankook hompy.dankook. of Information & 16890 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, 031-8005-2261 031-8021-7140 1997.10.25 University ac.kr/gict Communication Kyunggi-do Graduate School DongGuk 2F., Haksul Bldg., 30, Pildong1-gil, of Communication 16890 02-2260-3733~5 02-2260-3736 gsci.dongguk.edu 1987.11.09 University Jung-gu, Seoul & Industry Hankuk Graduate School Politics&adminstration University of of Politics www.hufs.ac.kr/ 02450 graduate Bldg., 107, Emoon-ro, 02-2173-2428~9 02-2173-3358 1992.07.30 Foreign Government & user/gsps Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul Studies Communication Graduate School Hanyang of Journalism & 222, Wangshipli-ro, Sungdong-gu, 04763 02-2220-0267 02-2220-1389 gsjmc.hanyang.ac.kr 1995.03 University Mass Seoul Communication Graduate School HongIk Univer- HongIk University, 57, Daehak-ro, www.hongik.edu/ of Advertising & 03082 02-3668-3703 02-320-1251 1999.11.02 sity Jongno-gu, Seoul grad/univ11 Public Relations

106 Appendix 4. Directory University Department Zip code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Graduate School Sanhak hyupdong Bldg. 610-1, Konkuk of Mass 05029 120, Neungtong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, 02-450-3276~7 02-456-7238 mass.konkuk.ac.kr 1995.10.18 University Communacaion & Seoul Public Relations Graduate School Korea of Journalism & 2F., Media Bldg., 145, Anam-ro, 02-3290- mediacom.korea. 02841 02-925-4797 1992.07.28 University Mass Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 1400~3 ac.kr Communication Graduate School Kwangju of Mass 277, Hyoduck-ro, Nam-gu, 61743 062-670-2122 062-670-2629 grad.gwangju.ac.kr 1993.11.16 University Communication & Gwangju Public Relations Graduate School 6F., Chungwoon Bldg., 26, Kyunghee khu.communication. of Journalism & 02447 Kyungheedae-ro, 02-961-0560~1 02-967-7083 1988.11.30 University ac.kr Communication Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul Graduate School of Policy & Kyungpook Information Socialscience Bldg., 80, 41566 053-950-5259 053-950-6259 social.knu.ac.kr 2000.03.01 University (Major of Mass Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu communication & public relations) Graduate School wwwdb2.ks.ac. Kyungsung Hansung Bldg., 306, 309, of Multimedia 48434 051-663-5113 051-663-5115 kr:8010/pages/ 1984.11.27 University Sooyoung-ro, Busan Information & Art JA00004.asp Graduate School of Mokwon 88, Doahnbuk-ro, Seo-gu, home.mokwon. Communication, 35349 042-829-7059 042-829-7058 1999.11.02 University Daejeon ac.kr/~adpr Advertising & Public Relations Journalismschool, 65, Semyung Graduate School journalism.semyung. 27136 Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, 043-649-1147 043-649-7172 2007.11.15 University of Journalism ac.kr Choongchungbuk-do Graduate School Seoul National of Public Policy & 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, itpolicy.seoultech. University of 01811 02-970-6797 02-970-6800 2003.03 Information Seoul ac.kr Technology Technology Graduate School Sogang Gabriel Bldg. 301, 35, of Mass 04107 02-705-8182 02-705-8184 gscom.sogang.ac.kr 1991.11.15 University Baekbum-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul Communication Sogang Graduate School Gabriel Bldg. 503, 35, 04107 02-705-8065 02-705-8067 gsmc.sogang.ac.kr 1999.09 University of Media Baekbum-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul Graduate School 5F., Soosun Bldg., 25-2, Sungkyunkwan of Journalism & 03063 Sungkyunkwan-ro, Jongno-gu, 02-760-0904 02-760-0900 speech.skku.edu 1995.10 University Mass Seoul Communication Graduate School Yonsei of Journalism & 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 02-2123-3298 02-2123-8660 jmc.yonsei.ac.kr 1992.03. University Mass Seoul Communication Graduate School Yonsei Sungam Bldg., 50, Yonsei-ro, communication. of Communication 03722 02-2123-3444 02-2123-8655 1976.03 University Seodaemun-gu, Seoul yonsei.ac.kr Arts

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