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Review of Family Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Korea with the Description of One New Species Sang Il KIM1 and Jin Ill KIM2

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Review of Family Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Korea with the Description of One New Species Sang Il KIM1 and Jin Ill KIM2 Entomological Research 40 (2010) 55–81 RESEARCH PAPER Review of family Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Korea with the description of one new species Sang Il KIM1 and Jin Ill KIM2 1 Choate Rosemary Hall, 333 Christian Street, Wallingford, CT 06492-0033, USA 2 Department of Biology, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 136-742, Korea Correspondence Abstract Sang II KIM, Choate Rosemary Hall, 333 Christian Street, Wallingford, CT This paper provides a review of the family Lucanidae in Korea, which consists of 06492-0033, USA. 17 species belonging to 9 genera. One new species, Dorcus tenuihirsutus sp. nov., Email: [email protected]. is described and the following taxonomical changes are proposed: Aegus laevi- collis Saunders, 1854 is newly identified as Aegus laevicollis subnitidus Water- Received 6 October 2009; house, 1873; Macrodorcas striatipennis Motschulsky, 1861 is removed from the accepted 27 November 2009. Korean fauna because this record is thought to have been based on the misinter- pretation of locality and misidentification; Neolucanus saundersii Parry, 1864 is All authors have contributed significantly and agree to submission of the article; removed from the Korean fauna because this record is thought to have been based this article has not been published before on misidentification. and is not concurrently being considered for publication elsewhere; this article does Key words: Dorcus, distribution, Korea, new species, stag beetle, synonymy, taxonomy. not violate any copyright or other personal proprietary right of any person or entity and it contains no abusive, defamatory, obscene or fraudulent statements, or any other statements that are unlawful in any way. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5967.2009.00263.x species and concluded the total number of the family Introduction Lucanidae in Korea to be 14 species of 10 genera by adding The family Lucanidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) consists two species to the Korean fauna while removing 13 species. of approximately 1200 species worldwide (Didier & Séguy In addition, Jang and Kawai (2008) recently described one 1953; Benesh 1960; Maes 1992; Mizunuma & Nagai 1994; new species. Krajcik 2001). A large number of species of this family is The biology of Korean stag beetles is multifarious. The mainly distributed in the tropics and subtropics of the Ori- adult stag beetles emerge from early April to late October. ental region. In Korea, after Parry’s first report of one Although most species spend the extremely cold Korean species in 1864, 38 different names of species, subspecies or winters as larvae inside decaying logs, some species, like variations have been reported to date. Von Heyden (1887) Dorcus hopei binodulosus Waterhouse and Dorcus titanus reported four additional species, van Roon (1910) reported castanicolor (Motschulsky), can also hibernate as adults. two additional species, Kôno (1926) reported one additional Additionally, though most species are herbivorous, feeding species, Nagel (1941) described one new species, Masui on the flowing sap and the sprout juice of oaks, the species (1942) listed twelve species, two of which were new to the belonging to the tribe Figulini are carnivorous, feeding on Korean fauna, Imura and Choe (1989) described one new tiny insects or other creatures. Most species are nocturnal species and Bomans (1989) described another new species. but a few, such as Platycerus hongwonpyoi hongwonpyoi After them, Kim and Kim (1998) reviewed 25 nominal Imura & Choe, are diurnal. © 2010 The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 The Entomological Society of Korea and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd S. I. Kim and J. I. Kim Acronyms for Korean provinces used in the distributional Materials and methods data are listed in Figure 1. Specimens and taxonomic material Morphological characters This study mostly follows the classification system set by Mizunuma and Nagai (1994). A total of 1200 specimens, Specimens were examined under a stereoscope at 7–30¥ including the type specimens housed in the Natural History magnification under fiber optic illumination. The following Museum and the North Korean specimens housed in the conventions were used in diagnoses and descriptions. Hungarian Natural History Museum, were examined in this Length was measured from the apex of the mandibles to the study; however, the list of examined materials does not apex of the elytra. Width was measured at the widest point of include all specimens examined. The abundant species with the elytra. Color was determined under fiber optic illumina- myriad specimens were epitomized to include as wide dis- tion. Mandibles were described as either long or short; long tributional range as possible. Specimens and their distribu- mandibles were longer than the length of the head while tional data were provided by five major institutions whose short mandibles were less than or equal to that length. For acronyms are provided below: species featuring high polymorphism in males, mandibles HNHM Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, were separately described for major and minor mandibles. Hungary Canthi were categorized as long (dividing more than a half JFNM Jeju Folklore & Natural History Museum, Jeju, of the eyes), medium (dividing half of the eyes) or short Jeju-do, Korea (dividing less than half of the eyes). Punctation was NIBR National Institute of Biological Resources, described as strong (pits >0.05 mm in diameter), moderate Incheon, Korea (pits 0.02–0.05 mm in diameter) or fine (pits <0.02 mm in SWU Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Korea diameter). For those species that are punctate, punctation BMNH Natural History Museum, London, United density was described as either dense or sparse. Dense punc- Kingdom. tations are defined as punctations separated by less than Figure 1 Map of Korea with abbreviations of provinces used in the text. 56 Entomological Research 40 (2010) 55–81 © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 The Entomological Society of Korea and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd Review of Lucanidae in Korea three punctation diameters. Sparse punctations were defined Platycerus hongwonpyoi hongwonpyoi Imura & as punctations separated by more than three punctation Choe, 1989 (Fig. 12a) diameters. Platycerus delicatulus: Mochizuki & Tsunekawa, 1937: 90 (first record from Korea); Masui, 1942: 71; Cho, 1969: 613; Systematics Kim et al., 1993: 68; Ent. Soc. Kor. & Kor. Soc. Appl. Ent., 1994: 146 (nec Lewis, 1883). Family Lucanidae Platycerus acuticollis: Kurosawa, 1976: 2; Kim, 1978: 314; Kurosawa, 1985: 332; Ent. Soc. Kor. & Kor. Soc. Appl. Ent., 1994: 146 (nec Kurosawa, 1969). Subfamily Lucaninae Platycerus hongwonpyoi Imura & Choe, 1989: 20 [Type Key to tribes of Korean Lucaninae locality: “Mt Chiri-san,” Korea]; Ent. Soc. Kor. & Kor. Soc. Appl. Ent., 1994: 146; Kim & Kim, 1998: 22; Kim, 2000: 1 Body color metallic green to bronze; eyes completely not 20; Krajcik, 2001: 3. divided by canthi ........................Platycerini Platycerus sp.: Watanabe, 1989: 29. – Body color orange to black; eyes partially or completely Platycerus hongwonpyoi hongwonpyoi: Mizunuma & Nagai, divided by canthi ................................2 1994: 210; Bartolozzi and Sprecher-Uebersax, 2006: 67. 2 Elytra elongate with nine strong striations; antennal club Diagnosis. ǩ. Body metallic bluish green dorsally and three segmented; adults show a low degree of sexual lustrous black ventrally; mandibles short, very sharp at apex, dimorphism ...............................Figulini strongly punctate with long yellowish sparse hair, and – Elytra oval without nine strong striations; antennal club slightly arcuate with one bluntly bilobed internal tooth near four segmented; adults show a high degree of sexual base and one flattened internal tooth near apex; head dimorphism.....................................3 strongly punctate entirely with long sparse hair behind com- 3 Body brown to black in color; male head without pro- pound eyes, and narrower than pronotum; clypeus shortly jected anterior vertices; female head with two protu- projected; canthus absent; pronotum wider than elytra, berances juxtaposed in center or elytra with distinct widest at middle, entirely rounded with bumpy lateral striation ........................................4 margins and long sparse hair, anterior angles roundly pro- – Body orange to dark brown in color; male head jected and posterior angles sharply edged; elytra moderately with distinctly projected anterior vertices; female head punctate, weakly convex, and ovally elongate; legs generally without two protuberances in center and elytra without black to dark brown except for yellowish brown femora with striation ........................................5 no lateral spine on both mesotibia and metatibia. 4 Mesotibiae with single distinct spine...........Dorcini Ǩ. Body brassy dorsally and lustrous brown ventrally; – Mesotibiae with two distinct spines ............Aegini mandibles short, and very sharp at apex with one flattened 5 Body not covered with hair; head without crowned internal tooth; head strongly punctate, and narrower than posterior margin; mesotibia with one or two spines pronotum; clypeus imperceptibly projected; canthus absent; and metatibia with none to two spines ................ pronotum rounded with bumpy lateral margins and short ................................... Cladognathini sparse hairs; elytra moderately punctate, weakly convex, and – Body covered with yellowish hairs; head significantly longitudinally shorter than those of males; legs generally developed with
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