PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1
NOVEMBER 2016
This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by DAI.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 1 Activity Title: Protect Wildlife Activity
Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Philippines
Contract Number: AID-OAA-I-14-00014/AID-492-TO-16-00002
Contractor: DAI
Date of Publication: November 2016
Author: DAI
The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views
2of the UnitedPROTECT States WILDLIFE Agency ACT forVITY International WORK PLAN Development FOR YEAR 1 or the United States Government. CONTENTS
TABLES, FIGURES, ANNEXES ...... 5 ABBREVIATIONS ...... 6
1 INTRODUCTION ...... 8 1.1 Threats to Philippine Biodiversity ...... 9 1.1.1 Physical Threats ...... 11 1.1.2 Enabling Environment-Related Threats ...... 12 1.2 What is Needed...... 13
2 PROTECT WILDLIFE ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1 Activity Description ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1.1 Objectives ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1.2 Target Sites ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2 Technical Approach ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.1 Theory of Change ...... 16 2.2.2 Integrated Ecosystems Management Approach ...... 18 2.3 Outcomes, Outputs, and Target Deliverables ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.1 Economic Growth Objective Outcomes and Outputs . Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.4.2 Contract Deliverables and Outputs ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3 ACTIVITIES FOR YEAR 1 ...... 22 3.1 Year 1 Technical Activities in Manila ...... 25 3.2 Year I Technical Activities in Palawan...... 28 3.2.1 Situational Analysis ...... 28 3.2.2 Year 1 Focus ...... 29 3.2.3 Key Activities and Targets by Strategic Approach ...... 32 Strategic Approach 1 ...... 32 Strategic Approach 2 ...... 33 Strategic Approach 3 ...... 34 Strategic Approach 4 ...... 35 Strategic Approach 5 ...... 36 3.3 Year 1 Technical Activities in Sulu Archipelago-Zamboanga City ...... 40 3.3.1 Situational Analysis ...... 40 Zamboanga City ...... 40 Tawi-Tawi ...... 41 3.3.2 Year 1 Focus ...... 43 3.3.3 Key Activities and Targets by Strategic Approach ...... 44 Strategic Approach 1 ...... 44 Strategic Approach 2 ...... 45
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 3 Strategic Approach 3 ...... 46 Strategic Approach 4 ...... 47 Strategic Approach 5 ...... 48
4 MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 53 4.1 Overall Management Approach ...... 53 4.2 Organizational Structure ...... 53 4.3 Gender Action Plan ...... 55 4.4 Communication Plan ...... 56 4.5 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Plan ...... 58 4.6 Security Plan ...... 59
5 ESTIMATED FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR YEAR 1 WORK PLAN ...... 61
ANNEXES ...... 62
4 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 TABLES
1 Economic Growth F-Indicators ...... 19 2 Contract Deliverables: Indicators and Annual Targets...... 20 3 Partners and Possible Areas of Collaborative Activities ...... 23 4 Summary of Year 1 Target Deliverables by Strategic Approach and Target Site ...... 24 5 Year 1 Activities in Manila ...... 27 6 Year 1 Target Deliverables for Palawan ...... 37 7 Year 1 Activities in Palawan ...... 37 8 Year 1 Target Deliverables for Sulu Archipelago-Zamboanga City ...... 49 9 Year 1 Activities in Sulu Archipelago-Zamboanga City ...... 37 10 Details of Functions of Manila-Based and Site-Based Teams ...... 54 11 USAID Foreign Assistance Framework Indicators Relevant to Protect Wildlife ...... 59 12 Breakdown of Estimated Year 1 Work Plan Financial Requirements ...... 61 13 Distribution of Year 1 Work Plan Cost by Location ...... 61
FIGURES 1 Priority Sites for Palawan ...... 30 2 Priority Sites for Zamboanga City and Tawi-Tawi ...... 42 3 Protect Wildlife Organizational Chart ...... 54
ANNEXES
A List of Participants and Persons Met During Protect Wildlfie Field Validation and Meetings with Stakeholders in Zamboanga City, Tawi-Tawi, and Palawan ...... 62 B Protect Wildlife Overall Results Chain and Strategic Approach Results Chains ...... 65
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 5 ABBREVIATIONS
ARMM Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao Be Secure Water Security for Resilient Economic Growth and Stability C4C Campaigning for Conservation CENRO Community Environment and Natural Resources Office CSO civil society organization DA-BFAR Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources DAO DENR Administrative Order DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DENR-BMB DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau DENR-FASPS DENR Foreign-Assisted and Special Projects Service DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DOJ Department of Justice ECOFISH Ecosystems Improved for Sustainable Fisheries ELAC Environmental Legal Assistance Center ENR environment and natural resources GDA Global Development Alliance GIS Geographic Information System GPH Government of the Philippines HEI higher education institution IDEAS Institute for the Development of Ecological and Educational Alternatives integrated IEM ecosystems management IPO indigenous people’s organization IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IUU illegal, unreported, and unregulated KAP knowledge, attitudes, and practices KFI Katala Foundation, Inc. LGU local government unit LRMU land and resource management unit M&E monitoring and evaluation MEL monitoring, evaluation, and learning MMPL Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape MPA Marine Protected Area NALECC-SCENR National Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee Sub-Committee on Environment and Natural Resources NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration OCENR Office of the City Environment and Natural Resources PAMB Protected Area Management Board PAEMB Protected Area Ecotourism Management Board
6 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 PCG Philippine Coast Guard PCSD Palawan Council for Sustainable Development PCSDS Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff PENRO Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office PES payment for environmental services PNP Philippine National Police PO people’s organization PPP public-private partnership RA Republic Act R&D research and development RDE research, development, and extension SA Strategic Approach SURGE Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity TOC Theory of Change TOR Terms of Reference UP University of the Philippines USAID United States Agency for International Development US DOI United States Department of Interior USG United States Government VIIRS Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite WEO Wildlife Enforcement Officer WWF World Wildlife Fund ZCWD Zamboanga City Water District
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 7 1 1 INTRODUCTION
The Philippines is one of 17 megadiverse countries in the world and home to about 1,100 terrestrial vertebrates and 5 percent of the world’s flora, a significant proportion of which are endemic to the country2. The country claims to be the “center of the center” of nearshore marine diversity, including corals and reef fishes3. At least 45 percent of the Philippines’ wildlife is endemic.
Philippine biodiversity contributes significantly to the economy through its supply of direct and indirect ecosystem goods and services. Local and national economies benefit from the provision of direct market- oriented ecosystem goods and services, such as water for various purposes (irrigation, domestic use, and hydropower); and from indirect ones, such as watershed and coastal protection, flood control, reduction of pollutants, and recreation. In most cases, however, economic values of indirect non-market-oriented supply of ecosystem goods and services are not adequately accounted for. Based on market values, Philippine biodiversity—in particular, fisheries, plants for food, timber, and non-timber products—contributes about 10 percent to the national gross domestic product and supports livelihoods for close to 30 percent of the country’s labor force.
Biodiversity conservation in the Philippines enjoys the support of relevant laws and policies, such as the following: Republic Act (RA) No. 7586, National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992; RA No. 9072, National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act of 2000; and RA No. 9147, Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act of 2001. These legislations empower the State to set aside lands, forests, watersheds, habitats, wetlands, unique ecosystems, heritage sites, and marine and coastal areas to ensure that the Philippines’ biodiversity will continue to benefit present and future generations of Filipinos. Through RA 7586, at least 240 protected areas in the Philippines have been established, including initial components of the NIPAS. RA 9147 mandates the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR), and the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD) to conserve and regulate use of wildlife species and their habitats in partnership with local government units (LGUs), community stakeholders, and enforcement agencies. There are other national policies and laws that cover protection, regulation, conservation, and development of other biologically and physically diverse ecosystems and species that have not been set aside under the abovementioned laws. These include the Revised Forestry Code (Presidential Decree No. 705), Local Government Code of 1991 (RA No. 7160), Fisheries Code (RA No. 8550 as amended by RA No. 10654)4, Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act (RA No. 8371), and various DENR Administrative Orders (DAO) including DAO No. 2010-16 (Adopt-a-Wildlife Species Program).
1 Most discussions in this section were lifted from the USAID Statement of Objectives in the Request for Task Order Proposals and Section C – Performance Work Statement Protect Wildlife Activity 2 Heaney, L. & Mittermeier, R. A. (1997). The Philippines. In R. A. Mittermeier, C. G. Mittermeier, & P. Robles Gil (eds.), Megadiversity: Earth’s biologically wealthiest nations (pp. 236-255). CEMEX: Monterey, Mexico. 3 Carpenter, K. E. & Springer, V. G. (2005). The center of the center of marine shore fish biodiversity: The Philippine islands. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 72, 467-480. 4 Republic Act No. 10654, An Act to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, Amending Republic Act No. 8550, Otherwise Known As “The Philippine Fisheries Code Of 1998,” And for Other Purposes
8 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 Consistent with these laws and policies, the Philippines has planned and implemented various programs and strategies in the last 20 years. From the late 80’s to 2010, however, the country’s weak governance and limited financial capacity had constrained support for a nation-wide conservation and restoration programs. Funds were also insufficient for implementing and enforcing mandated laws and for issuances of needed operational policies across the law enforcement spectrum - from crime detection and prosecution to case adjudication and disposition. Accordingly, the Philippines tapped the support of various donor agencies5. Lessons and challenges from the donor-supported programs became the building blocks for the issuance of Executive Order 26 in 2011, which allowed DENR to embark on the National Greening Program (NGP) with an estimated budget of PhP 30 billion from 2011-2016. However, despite being a megadiverse country, the Philippines continues to lose its biodiversity assets and remains a biodiversity hotspot—an area with significant threats to biodiversity and a global priority for conservation. In a study, the Philippines is categorized among the “hottest of hotspots”—a biodiversity hotspot largely affected by the socioeconomic conditions therein6. The benefits of biodiversity and wildlife species, in general, are underappreciated and undervalued, although their importance, economic contributions, ecological balancing role, and cultural significance to societies in both developed and developing countries are recognized7. This holds true for the Philippines, which is home to iconic wildlife, including the tamaraw, the Philippine eagle, the Philippine tarsier, and other endemic species.
Loss of biodiversity means unrealized benefits from various ecosystem goods and services that will ultimately hamper economic growth. For instance, a loss of a hectare of managed mangrove could mean the loss of benefits between US$500 to US$1,550 per hectare per year8. In the Philippines, this implies loss of livelihoods in coastal and fishing communities and reduced quality of nutritional diets of marginalized groups.
The Government of the Philippines (GPH), in its 2014 report to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), affirmed the strong relationship between biodiversity and development. The GPH stated that “[t]he country needs to invest in conserving and valuing natural capital, which if used and developed sustainably can provide a good foundation for inclusive economic growth and human well-being.” The country’s limitations have not discouraged initiatives to conserve biodiversity together with non-government organizations, communities, private sector, and donor agencies. The Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2015- 2028 lays down the country’s strategic actions to fulfill its CBD obligations, including the country’s commitments to the CBD Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 that specifies the 20-point Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The plan highlights the Philippines’ commitment to an integrated and climate-resilient approach for mainstreaming biodiversity conservation into national and local development processes through various sectoral frameworks and plans.
5. Almost US $ 1 billion of bilateral and multilateral donor agencies have been supportive of the Philippines’ policies and programs to restore degraded forestlands and conserve biodiversity. USAID, World Bank, UNDP, GEF, ADB, GIZ, OECF, JBIC and EU have invested grants in support of the Philippines’ biodiversity conservation efforts from 1991 to the present. USAID, for instance, put in place the Foundation for Philippine Environment (FPE) and the Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation Foundation, Inc. The World Bank and EU provided the initial support to priority conservation areas in the Philippines after the passage of the NIPAS Law. ADB and OECF financed the nation-wide major forest restoration initiatives in the Philippines through the Forestry Loan 1 and 2 from 1989-2000). The World Bank through the ENR-SECAL, Community-Based Resource Management, and Water Resourced Development Project supported rehabilitation of mangroves and degraded forest lands with local government units. USAID and ADB supported major programs on coastal resources management with DENR, DA-BFAR, and LGUs. These resulted to strengthened institutions to conserve biodiversity in their respective area of mandate (Guiang ES, F Esquerra, and D Bacalla. Devolved and decentralized forest management in the Philippines: Issues and Constraints in Investments. In “Lessons from forest decentralization: money, justice, and quest for governance in Asia Pacific”. 2008, CIFOR and Earthscan). 6 Fisher, B. & Christopher, T. (2007). Poverty and biodiversity: Measuring the overlap of human poverty and the biodiversity hotspots. Ecological Economics, 62, 93-101. 7 Chardonnet, P., Des Clers, B., Fischer, J., Gerhold, R., Jori, F., & Lamarque, F. (2002). The value of wildlife. Review Scientifique et Technique, 21, 15-51. 8 Dixon, J.A. 1989. Valuation of mangroves. Tropical Coastal Area Management. 4(3): 1-6.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 9 1.1 THREATS TO PHILIPPINE BIODIVERSITY
Threats to Philippine biodiversity vary from one area to another. For wildlife flora and fauna, most of their habitats remain unmanaged, unregulated, and unprotected, especially those in public lands; coastal, mangrove, and foreshore areas; municipal waters; and commercial fishing areas. Habitats may be situated in land and resource management units that belong to different legal classification of lands – forest lands, national park/protected areas, mineral lands, alienable and disposable areas. In addition, habitats may also be found in ancestral domains. Management and conservation activities in marine and coastal areas fall within the responsibilities of the local government units, BFAR or DENR. Conservation in terrestrial, coastal and marine areas and ancestral lands are governed by different policy-legitimizing instruments – proclamation or legislation in protected areas/national parks, agreements and reservation instruments in forest lands, ordinances in municipal waters, IP resolution in ancestral domains, boards in watershed or energy reservations. These policy-legitimizing instruments define the roles and responsibilities of the “on-site land and resource managers (LRMUs)” for conservation that includes the protection and enforcement activities in habitats that may be found within the management unit. In addition, most LGUs do not include conservation areas as “conservation land use” in their comprehensive land use plans (CLUP) and support it with ordinance in order to qualify as part of its LGUs’ comprehensive development and investment plans (CDPs).
On-site managers of land and resource management units (LRMUs) and LGUs are not adequately incentivized to protect, conserve, manage, and develop wildlife habitats and species in their respective areas of jurisdiction. Most LRMUs have limited technical capacities to protect and conserve the habitats of wildlife and to regulate wildlife species use in their respective management units. They have also limited financial, and physical assets to protect conservation areas. Hence, conversion of habitats to other land uses, exploitative use of natural resources, illegal harvesting, and encroachment of settlements continue to be major threats to on-site biodiversity conservation.
Weak governance and enforcement combined with limited capacities to enforce laws and regulations against wildlife crime continue to threaten biodiversity assets that would have ultimate impact on the supply of ecosystem goods and services. There is relatively weak and fragmented enforcement on the harvest, utilization, transport, and marketing of wildlife species. To reduce loss of wildlife species, two approaches are needed. First, the supply side may be addressed by improving the management, regulation, and enforcement of land uses and use of wildlife species in habitats that are found in different land and resource management units. In this case, the tenure, domain, agreement, and permit holders; and state managers of watershed and protected area reservations/national set asides are the responsibility and accountability centers. The system of “on-site enforcement in habitats” is made part of the required land and resource management plans. Second, there is a need to do enforcement in transshipment points such as ports, transit points, markets, transport terminals, buyers/consumers. This is “off-site enforcement system” and requires a multi-sectoral approach to regulation and enforcement activities. In this system, concerned agencies with local governments forge and legitimate agreements for coordination and collaborative efforts to reduce trafficking of wildlife species. This allows enforcement of endangered wildlife species that may come from outside the “protected/conserved wildlife habitats” i.e. pangolins that are harvested outside a protected area or habitats in various land and resource management units. The off-site enforcement systems are able to reduce wildlife trafficking by disrupting the flow of trafficked species from the supply to the buyers. With improved on- and off-site enforcement systems, the supply of wildlife species is reduced. This will ultimately result to reduced demand because the “marginal costs of buying a trafficked wildlife species” will outweigh the “marginal benefits” of buying them. However, as wildlife species increasingly become a more “scarce and expensive commodity,” demand behaviors are expected to decline unless the demand for the species is inelastic. In this case, regulatory governance combined with strong on- and off-site enforcement systems becomes indispensable to conserving biodiversity.
Investments are needed to directly and indirectly address area-specific major threats at habitat and wildlife species levels. In a ridge-to-reef area, threats to wildlife habitats and species are further exacerbated by the
10 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 impacts of negative externalities resulting from mismatched land and resource uses in upstream areas down to lowland and coastal/marine areas. In such landscapes, the interconnectedness and interdependence of ecosystem functions, economies, and sociocultural values are unintentionally negatively affected. This biogeophysical setting requires a more holistic and coordinated approach in protecting and managing habitats and wildlife species.
This section provides more discussion on the major threats to Philippine biodiversity, as summarized below: 1. Physical threats – Habitat loss mainly due to deforestation and forest degradation; urbanization and expansion of settlements and agriculture; unregulated or poorly managed mining and quarrying; illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing; and wildlife trafficking; and
2. Enabling environment-related threats, such as: a. lack of understanding and appreciation of the value of biodiversity; b. negative attitudes toward wildlife, which is fostered both by limited understanding of their value and lack of environmental education; c. lack of science-based support because of low investment in research and development (R&D); d. limited capacity in enforcing laws and issuances across the law enforcement spectrum, from crime detection and prosecution to case adjudication and disposition; e. limited alternative sustainable livelihoods for communities in highly biodiverse areas, islands, seascapes, and landscapes; and f. limited technical capacities of mandated agencies to enforce laws and regulations against habitat destruction and conversion and wildlife trafficking, and of local governments and land and resource managers (e.g., in identifying wildlife and in analyzing patterns and trends in environmental crime data).
1.1.1 PHYSICAL THREATS
Biodiversity loss in the Philippines is driven by habitat loss mainly due to deforestation and forest degradation; urbanization and expansion of settlements and agriculture; unregulated or poorly managed mining and quarrying; IUU fishing; and wildlife trafficking. From 1969 to 2003, the Philippines lost an average of about 100,000 hectares of forest cover annually. Beyond the loss of natural capital, the loss of natural forests also led to massive erosion, increased surface runoff, and severe flooding, which, in turn, led to adverse impacts to the economy. Increasing settlement areas and urbanization are also major concerns with respect to habitat loss. Almost 50 percent of the Philippines’ highly accessible land and coastal areas are considered urbanized.9 This means loss of productive land for agriculture and fisheries. In areas of the country where both biodiversity indices and the poverty incidence are both high, loss of habitats could mean further decline or loss of community livelihoods.10 In many fishing grounds in the Philippines, IUU fishing has become rampant. Most of the country’s fishing grounds are either overfished, destroyed, or polluted. The European Union raised this issue as a significant concern and placed the country in its yellow warning list in June 2014 for not doing enough to fight the problem. Fortunately, the yellow card for the Philippines was lifted in April 2015. This issue will require continued action. Inaction by the government could lead to a red card and, consequently, the suspension of
9 Defined as “all municipal jurisdictions which, whether designated chartered cities, provincial capital or not, have a population density of at least 1,000 persons per square kilometer: all barangays”. http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/con_urbanrural.asp&num=1&strip=1&vwsrc=0 10 For instance, based on the PSA/NSCB data of 2012, the percentages of poverty incidences in target site regions are 28.4 percent, 36.5 percent, and 46.9 percent for MIMAROPA, Zamboanga Peninsula, and ARMM, respectively.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 11 fish trade with the European Union. A red card will mean loss of thousands of jobs and put a US$230-million market at risk. The Philippines is a source of wildlife and wildlife products and a transit point for trafficking. The DENR reported that “the number of confiscations of illegally traded wildlife species regulated under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) increased from 513 in 2005 to about 2,691 in 2007”.11 Based on data from the Law Enforcement Management Information System of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, there were 643 confiscations involving 83,323 wildlife items sourced from the Philippines from January 2003 to January 2011. These included 38 ivory items from the African elephant, 115 ivory items from walrus, 639 snake products, 216 specimens of crab-eating macaque, and 269 coral products. A United Nations office also placed the Philippines on the illegal pangolin trade map.12 The International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List of threatened (critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable) species includes 778 native flora and fauna species in the Philippines.13 Wildlife trafficking occurs in the country not just for international trade. Wildlife and wildlife products are also consumed domestically, albeit at a smaller, but by no means insignificant, scale. Examples include the clandestine selling of turtles and monitor lizards in local markets as pets; and hunting of warty pigs, brown deer, flying foxes, and reticulated pythons for bushmeat.14 The loss of biodiversity at the habitat and wildlife species levels is a great concern because major adverse ecosystem changes can occur when species critical to ecosystem function disappear and the total number of species lost reaches a critical threshold for the ecosystem.
1.1.2 ENABLING ENVIRONMENT-RELATED THREATS
Biodiversity loss in the Philippines is compounded by negative attitudes toward biodiversity and wildlife. This is fostered by a lack of environmental education and limited understanding of their values. Many communities have shallow understanding and knowledge of the links between biodiversity conservation and their livelihoods, and even of the safety associated with habitats’ provision of ecosystem goods and services. On- site managers of LRMUs (tenure and domain holders, coastal/fisher folk, private landowners, communities in reservations and protected areas) where habitats of wildlife are located often only see the direct and tangible values of wildlife species but not the indirect ecosystem goods and services that these provide. Many LGUs have not identified and zonified “habitats” as protection and conservation land uses in their socioeconomic development plans. They also perceive conservation as “cost centers,” failing to recognize that their local enterprises are directly or indirectly linked to ecosystem goods and services. All these lead to negative behaviors toward biodiversity and wildlife that undermine wildlife management and conservation efforts. Raising awareness not only on the negative effects of wildlife trafficking but also on the positive values of biodiversity, in general, and wildlife, in particular, is a good first step toward increasing people’s appreciation of wildlife and engendering positive attitudes toward the same. Biodiversity conservation efforts also suffer from limited science-based information that clearly link habitats, wildlife species, and their impacts on the supply of ecosystem goods and services. There is a lack of country- led studies for generating technical information and knowledge for planning, decision making, and policy formulation. Part of this issue may be attributed to low investment in research and development (R&D) or
11 Department of Environment and Natural Resources (2009). Fourth Philippine national report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Available at www.bmb.gov.ph. 12 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (2013). Transnational organized crime in East Asia and the Pacific: A threat assessment. Available at www.unodc.org. 13 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-2. www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on 04 November 2016. 14 For example, refer to the following: a) Fidenci, P. & Maran, J. (2009). Illegal domestic trade of the Philippine forest turtle (Siebenrockiella leytensis) in the Philippines. TurtleLog, 3, 1-3. b) Welton, L. J., Siler, C. D., Linkem, C. W., Diesmos, A. C., Diesmos, M. L., Sy, E., & Brown, R. M. (2013). Dragons in our midst: Phyloforensics of illegally traded Southeast Asian monitor lizards. Biological Conservation, 159, 7–15. c) Scheffers, B. R., Corlett, R. T., Diesmos, A., & Laurance, W. F. (2012). Local demand drives a bushmeat industry in a Philippine forest preserve. Tropical Conservation Science, 5, 133-141.
12 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 limited capacities to undertake research on biodiversity and wildlife habitats and species. To illustrate, total research spending in the Philippines in 2003 was only half of that in 1992 and represented only 0.11 percent of the Gross Domestic Product. In comparison, Malaysia (0.69 percent) and Thailand (0.24 percent) spent far more resources for R&D. In 2014, only 56 papers in biodiversity research had the Philippines as subject country, compared to 1,441 papers that studied the United States, 571 for China, 535 for Brazil, and 527 for Australia. Only one of the 56 papers was published in an open-access journal. This means that the Philippines does not have complete access to studies that could help its conservation efforts. Only 23 of these papers were lead-authored by a Filipino researcher, while the rest were written by outsiders.15 The private sector is largely untapped as a resource for R&D in the Philippines. There is no clear institutional structure or mechanism that can rationalize a research agenda; oversee implementation; monitor biodiversity-related research; and link R&D to science-based planning and policy, capacity building, enforcement, adaptive resource management, and value chains in support of wildlife-linked livelihoods and enterprises. In addition, biodiversity R&D in the Philippines, in general, has been characterized as lacking in focus, credibility, and sustainability. This is a cause for concern because of the common management dictum that “you cannot manage what you do not measure” and, therefore, do not know.
Given the general negative attitudes toward biodiversity and wildlife conservation, limited science-based information that links conservation to the habitats’ provision of ecosystem goods and services, the opportunistic nature of the market for wildlife species, and limited capacities and knowledge of laws and wildlife values of enforcement groups, major wildlife habitats and the wildlife species are under threat. Enforcement of laws for the conservation of wildlife species in their natural habitats and outside these habitats (e.g., transit points) are barely carried out. At the local level, the situation is aggravated by the high incidence of poverty, limited opportunities to engage in sustainable alternative livelihoods, lack of technical capacities (e.g., in identifying wildlife and in analyzing patterns and trends in environmental crime data), and weak local environmental governance.
1.2 WHAT IS NEEDED
For the Philippines to confront the threats to biodiversity and the drivers of its loss at the habitat and species levels, the following strategies should be initiated, integrated, strengthened, and sustained over time in priority landscapes-seascapes, watersheds, biodiversity corridors, and habitats:
1. Effective behavior change campaigns to improve attitudes and behavior of targeted stakeholders toward biodiversity and wildlife; 2. Active involvement of private and public sectors in biodiversity conservation and conservation financing; 3. Promotion and support for viable biodiversity-friendly and sustainable livelihoods and enterprise options for local communities in target sites; 4. Governance-based integration of biodiversity into the plans of national and local government units, partner institutions, and resource management units; 5. A solid biodiversity R&D system that can generate information for policy formulation, resource management planning, decision-making, diversification of livelihoods and enterprises, enforcement, and adaptive management; and 6. A strong environmental law enforcement system at the national and local levels.
15 Wilson KA, Auerbach NA, Sam K, Magini AG, Moss ASL, Langhans SD, et al. (2016) Conservation Research Is Not Happening Where It Is Most Needed. PLoS Biol 14(3): e1002413. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002413.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 13 2 PROTECT WILDLIFE
2.1 ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION
USAID’s Protect Wildlife activity is a five-year technical assistance grant to the GPH with a total amount of US$24,498,177.16 The activity provides focused technical assistance and resources to align conservation policies with on-the-ground action and enforcement to conserve threatened wildlife habitats and species. The DENR is the main GPH agency counterpart in implementing the activity. At the national level, the DENR’s Foreign-Assisted and Special Projects Service (FASPS), with DENR-BMB and in collaboration with DA-BFAR, will provide oversight, overall coordination, and technical support to DENR field units (regional offices, Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Offices [PENROs], and Community Environment and Natural Resources Offices [CENROs]) as they partner with LGUs and various resource management units to achieve Protect Wildlife’s conservation objectives. In Palawan, in view of RA 9147, PCSD will be the key implementation counterpart in partnership with the PENRO of Palawan and concerned CENROs. DAI Global, LLC, together with Conservation International; Orient Integrated Development Consultants, Inc.; Tanggol Kalikasan; and Rare, Inc., will provide technical assistance and support in implementing the activity and ensuring that set targets are achieved.
2.1.1 OBJECTIVES Protect Wildlife seeks to reduce threats to biodiversity, particularly the destruction of habitats; poaching of wildlife species; and the sale and use of illegally harvested wildlife and wildlife products. Interventions are to be undertaken in target habitats (on-site), as well as in transit points or market hotspots where illegally harvested wildlife are traded (off-site). Wildlife conservation initiatives will sustain ecosystem goods and services in the long term and will ultimately improve human well-being.
2.1.2 TARGET SITES Protect Wildlife will begin implementation in two target sites: the province of Palawan (Section 3.2), including Tubbataha Reefs; and the region of Sulu Archipelago, particularly Zamboanga City and Tawi-Tawi province (refer to Section 3.3).17 In the second year of implementation, USAID and the DENR will add two more sites, which will be selected based on their conservation policies and priorities. Protect Wildlife interventions in the target sites will result not only in conservation actions that are sustainable but also interventions that are scalable so that they can be replicated in new activity sites after Year 1. Both sites are key suppliers of many types of wildlife products: birds and aquarium fish for pets, pangolins and turtle plastrons for traditional medicine, humphead wrasse and turtle eggs for food, and giant clams for shell craft trade, among others. Most wildlife trafficking is syndicated, organized crime, often involving local people through contract poaching. Major threats to wildlife species in Sulu Archipelago-Zamboanga City are poaching, IUU fishing, and smuggling and trafficking of wildlife species. Habitat deterioration due to open pit mining and the conversion of habitats are also taking place in highly accessible and relatively peaceful areas. In Palawan, the threats are more widespread, ranging from habitat loss due to conversion or deterioration,
16 Protect Wildlife activity is under the AID-OAA-I-14-00014/AID-492-TO-16-00002 contract. DAI Global, LLC is the main contractor for the implementation of the activity. 17 Protect Wildlife’s two target sites are critical to biodiversity, but they are large, fraught with conflict, insecure, and remote. Often referred to as the Philippines’ “back door” for illegal activity, most of the Sulu Archipelago is part of the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao, a conflict-prone and fragmented region. The province of Palawan includes the community of Pag-asa Island in Kalayaan municipality in the Spratly Islands, the epicenter of ongoing regional territorial tensions, most notably between the Philippines and China.
14 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 expanding settlements, agriculture, ecotourism activities, urbanization, and mining; to trafficking, poaching, and smuggling of wildlife species. Section 3 provides a more detailed discussion on biodiversity threats in Palawan and Sulu Archipelago-Zamboanga City sites.
Significantly, both sites are party to transboundary protected area agreements—the Turtle Island Protected Area with Malaysia, and the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Protected Area with Indonesia and Malaysia. However, Philippine authorities are routinely criticized by the country’s neighbors for their inability to enforce trafficking of all types: human, drugs, and wildlife. This lawlessness has a huge impact on the Philippines’ ability to attract financing and investment for ecotourism in these critical areas.
In sites that are considered high risk, Protect Wildlife will establish necessary protocols for regular information sharing and ensure that security assets are deployed to optimize efficiency and maximize the safety of staff and partners.
2.2 TECHNICAL APPROACH
Protect Wildlife recognizes that there is no simple solution for conserving biodiversity in habitat areas and wildlife species outside their habitats. The technical, regulatory, and enforcement measures would differ in each case. Sustainably addressing the threats to biodiversity and drivers of biodiversity loss in the target sites will require many things, including effective behavior change, actively engaged public and private sectors, biodiversity-friendly and sustainable livelihood options for local communities, incentives and safety net support for communities that could be marginalized as a result of improved enforcement systems, a solid biodiversity research system, and strong enforcement of environmental laws.
Protect Wildlife’s implementation strategies are multipronged yet fully integrated program, having five mutually reinforcing objectives with corresponding strategic approaches that will address the diverse drivers and threats to habitats and wildlife species. The five Strategic Approaches (SAs) are the following:
Strategic Approach 1: Improve attitudes and behavior toward biodiversity and its conservation in target areas at a statistically significant level
Strategic Approach 2: Intensify private and public sector involvement in biodiversity conservation and conservation financing
Strategic Approach 3: Improve biodiversity conservation competencies of local government units (LGUs) and civil society organizations (CSOs)
Strategic Approach 4: Enhance capacities of universities to advance biodiversity conservation education, research, monitoring, and innovation
Strategic Approach 5: Enhance competencies of national government agencies in enforcing biodiversity conservation-related laws and policies The extent and magnitude of threats to habitats and wildlife species in each target site will shape and direct the activities of each SA. In some cases, what can be carried out by Protect Wildlife in each site will be limited because of security issues and willingness of partners to participate in conserving wildlife. In Tawi-Tawi, part of the Sulu Archipelago-Zamboanga City site, SA 3 and SA 4 will be more dominant in target habitats. Activities under SA 1 and SA 5 will be implemented to a lesser degree. In Zamboanga City and in target focal areas in Palawan, the implementation of activities under all SAs will be feasible. These, however, may not yield the same level of results in both sites.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 15 2.2.1 THEORY OF CHANGE
The USAID/Office of Forestry and Biodiversity, through the Measuring Impact Activity18, and USAID/Philippines assisted the Protect Wildlife technical assistance team to refining the activity’s initial theory of change (TOC), which provides “a description of the logical causal relationships between multiple levels of conditions or interim results needed to achieve a long-term objective”.19 The Protect Wildlife results chains and the formulated TOCs20 helped clarify assumptions for the “if-then relationships that link a strategic approach to intermediate results and the final desired impact.” These have helped in the “identification of indicators to track project results beyond just outputs, but before project impact. The TOCs helped in “describing the sequence of outcomes that is expected to occur as a result of an intervention”.21 The TOCs aided the Protect Wildlife team to link the five Strategic Approaches to activity goals, and to clearly define what are to be measured, how they should be measured, what effective actions will achieve conservation, and what conservation initiatives can be done better.22 Protect Wildlife’s results chains23—the overall results chain and the five results chains corresponding to the five SAs (Annex B)—facilitated the process in describing the Protect Wildlife TOC as a whole and for each SA. The overall results chain serves as the unifying and integrating framework for planning and implementation of SA activities, while the five SA results chains show what each specific SA will carry out in each site. As a synthesis and integration of the five SA results chains, the overall results chain indicates how various SA activities will individually and collectively contribute toward the intermediate results that will lead to Protect Wildlife’s long-term outcomes and impacts.
Focused behavior change campaigns under SA 1 will improve attitudes toward biodiversity and wildlife conservation. These are expected to reduce destructive behaviors and increase stakeholder support for conservation efforts. SA 2 interventions will encourage actors from the private and public sectors to become involved in biodiversity conservation and conservation financing and expand biodiversity-friendly and sustainable livelihood options for local communities in priority sites. SA 3 activities will build on conservation competencies of LGUs and CSOs and strengthen their engagement in the formulation and execution of landscape-, policy-, and science-based local development plans that will legitimize zoning regimes and enable community-based enforcement of laws and ordinances on threatened habitats and wildlife species in conservation areas. The activity will facilitate support to on-site managers of LRMUs, such as marine protected areas (MPAs), ancestral domains, tenured areas, protected areas, and reservations, to enable them to effectively conserve habitats and wildlife species in their respective areas of responsibilities and jurisdiction. SA 4 will support higher education institutions (HEIs) to generate scientifically rigorous evidence essential for conservation planning, policy making, behavior change campaigns, development of community livelihoods and enterprises, and enforcement. SA 5 will work with and through national government agencies to enhance the government’s capacity to identify, capture, and prosecute violators and adjudicate wildlife crimes. Within threatened habitats, activities will improve the attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of communities and LGUs in support of wildlife conservation under SA 1, SA 3, and SA 5. In addition, SA 2, SA 4, and SA 5 will have activities that will incentivize LGUs, partner CSOs, and communities to manage, conserve, and
18 Measuring Impact is a five-year contract (2012-2017) managed by the USAID Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and the Environment/Office of Forestry and Biodiversity (E3/FAB) and implemented by Environmental Incentives, Foundations of Success, and ICF International. 19 USAID Automated Directives System (ADS), Series 200. 20 The Protect Wildlife technical assistance team held a one-week TOC workshop on August 22 to 26, 2016. The resource persons were Arlyne Johnson and Judy Boshoven from Foundations of Success and Megan Hill from USAID/Washington. 21 Weiss 1995; www.theoryofchange.org. 22 Salafsky, N., R. Margoluis, K. H. Redford, and J. G. Robinson. 2002. Improving the practice of conservation: a conceptual framework and research agenda for conservation science. Conservation Biology 16(6):1469-1479. 23 Results chains are often equated to logic models but they are much more specific and show direct assumed relationships among discrete actions, intermediate outcomes, and the desired final impact (from: Margoluis, R., C. Stem, V. Swaminathan, M. Brown, A. Johnson, G. Placci, N. Salafsky, and I. Tilders. 2013. Results chains: a tool for conservation action design, management, and evaluation. Ecology and Society 18(3): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-05610-180322
16 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 regulate wildlife use in the habitats. There can be increased financing support from the public and private sectors, donors, and revenues from environment and natural resources (ENR)-related enterprises that may be utilized to improve technical, regulatory, entrepreneurial, and enforcement capacities (SA 2, SA 3, and SA 4). Improved science-based know-how and knowledge (SA 4) for managing habitats of wildlife species, especially on how these are linked to sustainability and enhancement of ecosystem goods and services, will help bridge the knowledge gap between conservation, development, and human well-being. Enforcement (SA 5) in threatened habitats will support concerned LGUs in crafting and enforcing ordinance-supported land uses that will categorize threatened habitats as protection and conservation land uses in LGU comprehensive land use plans.
Outside the threatened habitats, Protect Wildlife will collaborate with LGUs, the coast guard, police, customs and port officials, transport companies, and other law enforcement entities to significantly reduce wildlife harvesting and trafficking. SA 5, with the support of other SAs, will put in place disincentives to discourage and adequately penalize poaching and trafficking of threatened wildlife species. SA 5 will target wildlife species that are sourced and consumed in the country, species that are sourced within the country and exported, and species that are sourced outside the country and consumed in the country or pass through the country in transit to other countries.
Based on the refined overall results chain, the Protect Wildlife theory of change is:
IF communities, local government units, research and training institutions, regulatory bodies and enforcers, private sector, civil society organizations, and environmental groups understand the true economic value and sociocultural significance of habitats and wildlife species, including their ecosystem functions and goods and services they provide as a combined result of
Improved and positively changed communities’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward wildlife and biodiversity conservation; Increased public and private sector investments and increased revenues from environment and natural resources-related enterprises to finance conservation, expansion, and diversification of biodiversity-friendly and sustainable livelihoods and enterprises for local communities in priority sites; Improved conservation competencies of LGUs, CSOs, and LRMUs in formulating and executing policy- and science-based integrated land use and local development plans; and in managing natural resources, including habitats of wildlife; Improved universities’ capacity to generate scientifically rigorous evidence and knowledge essential for conservation and for enriching their curricula and outreach programs; and Enhanced capacities of national and local enforcement entities to identify, capture, prosecute, and adjudicate wildlife crimes and habitat losses,
THEN Protect Wildlife can significantly contribute to reduction of threats to habitats and to wildlife species,
THEREBY, directly and indirectly enhancing capacities of various threatened habitats of wildlife species, as part of larger ecosystems and landscapes-seascapes, to supply and provide ecosystem goods and services that benefit human well-being.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 17 The overall results chain and five SA results chains have guided the annual work planning process for Year 1. In succeeding years, Protect Wildlife work plans will be enhanced by lessons and emerging patterns from implementation activities.
2.2.2 INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT APPROACH Protect Wildlife implementation in the target sites will be based on concepts and principles of integrated ecosystem management (IEM), as supported by four pillars: Landscapes and seascapes. Achieving Protect Wildlife’s objectives requires that threats to habitats and wildlife species are seen from the larger context of local economic development; systems of governance, including community-based forest management, Certificates of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT), and coastal/marine communities; and social and cultural norms. Local interventions are crucially important but their success depends on broader enabling conditions. Protect Wildlife will emphasize building a solid scientific base of evidence that demonstrates co-benefits from integrated conservation and development across whole landscapes and seascapes that include priority conservation areas (habitats and wildlife species), whether they are formally protected or not. The landscape-seascape approach will link habitats and wildlife species with various ecosystem goods and services that are directly or indirectly enjoyed by on- and off-site communities, livelihoods, enterprises, industries, and residential areas. Protect Wildlife’s IEM approach articulates an overarching strategy for combating biodiversity loss, protecting wildlife, and improving human well-being. It is essential, though, to recognize that threats and drivers vary not only from region to region but also within individual landscapes and seascapes. The replicability of models emerging from Protect Wildlife implementation will have the potential to influence current and upcoming biodiversity conservation initiatives in the country’s major landscapes-seascapes. The islands of Palawan and Tawi-Tawi will be considered as landscapes-seascapes. In these areas, Protect Wildlife will do island-wide spatial analysis of all protection and conservation areas based on current policies, institutional mandates, science-based knowledge of ecosystems and habitats, types of threats, and poverty considerations. The identified protection and conservation areas will provide the basis for prioritizing the threatened habitats and wildlife species that will be the focus of implementation activities. In Zamboanga City, Protect Wildlife will use the city’s political boundary as the whole landscape and focus its interventions on the threatened habitats and wildlife species within it. Situational crime prevention. Combating wildlife crime at locations where biodiversity assets are most vulnerable because of poverty, poor governance, and inadequate enforcement requires an approach recognizing the unique conditions within each landscape or seascape. To break the patterns that result in harm to wildlife, habitats, and ecosystems, resources must be organized around specific risks rather than the usual approach of organizing resources around functional or operational processes, such as investigations and prosecution. Protect Wildlife’s approach establishes an entry point for community stewardship and policing the harvesting of wildlife and other natural resources by focusing on assets and targeting the people who threaten these assets, especially those who control large-scale commercial trafficking. Protect Wildlife’s crime prevention activities will cover both wildlife in local habitats and those that are coming from outside sources and are at various transit points. Inclusiveness. Effective and sustainable conservation requires engaging all stakeholders, men and women, across a landscape or seascape. Whether they come from public or private sectors, CSOs, or disadvantaged groups, people must have an active voice in defining development objectives and negotiating trade-offs. Grounded in the principle of free, prior, and informed consent, Protect Wildlife will disseminate information on people’s rights—especially those of women, indigenous peoples, and other disadvantaged groups—and promote the empowerment of community members and their ownership and commitment to conserving ecosystem services.
Public-private partnerships (PPPs). Combating wildlife crime will require concerted and sustained collaboration among technical specialists from both private and public sectors in monitoring animal
18 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 populations and enforcing regulations. Protect Wildlife will broker partnerships that will provide financial support to local conservation and development efforts through direct investment in ecologically sound commercial ventures. It will also catalyze investment in research and improved technologies to help combat wildlife crime. Collaboration among local and national government agencies, civil society, and the private sector will help transform Protect Wildlife’s site initiatives into learning laboratories that are not only test- beds for innovation but can also generate lessons and successes to inform regional planning and national policy. At the same time, the impact of policy reform and integrated planning can be tried and monitored at the grassroots, where conservation efforts succeed or fail. These partnerships will underpin the sustainability of Protect Wildlife’s efforts and ensure a lasting legacy. 2.3 OUTCOMES, OUTPUTS, AND TARGET DELIVERABLES
2.3.1 ECONOMIC GROWTH OBJECTIVE OUTCOMES AND OUTPUTS
As an activity under USAID/Philippines Country Development Cooperation Strategy, Protect Wildlife is expected to contribute to the Economic Growth (EG) development objective, specifically to its two program areas: Environment and Sustainable Landscapes. Biodiversity is a key element of the Environment program area. In terms of results, Protect Wildlife contributes to six Foreign Assistance Framework Indicators (F- indicators) under the Economic Growth development objective. These consist of four outcome-level and two output-level indicators as listed in Table 1. The current targets for the outcomes were extrapolated from the contract deliverables (or the outputs) of the relevant SAs. Those for the two output-level indicators were directly derived from contract deliverables or outputs that pertain to training, and policy and ordinance formulation. TABLE 1: ECONOMIC GROWTH F-INDICATORS
Life-of-Activity Indicators Targets Outcomes Number of hectares of biologically significant areas under improved natural resource EG.10.2-2 500,000 management as a result of United States Government (USG) assistance Number of people with improved economic benefits derived from sustainable natural EG.10.2-3 100,000 resource management and/or biodiversity conservation as a result of USG assistance Number of people that apply improved conservation law enforcement practices as a EG.10.2-6 1,200 result of USG assistance Amount of investment mobilized (in US$) for sustainable landscapes, natural resource EG.10.3-4 US$5 million management, and biodiversity conservation as supported by USG assistance Outputs Number of people trained in sustainable natural resources management and/or EG.10.2-4 4,500 biodiversity conservation as a result of USG assistance Number of laws, policies, or regulations that address biodiversity conservation and/or EG.10.2-5 other environmental themes officially proposed, adopted, or implemented as a result 50 of USG assistance
2.3.2 CONTRACT DELIVERABLES AND ANNUAL TARGETS
As the Technical Assistance Contractor, DAI Global, LLC together with its subcontractors will deliver contract deliverables by SA. The 15 SA deliverables (outputs) and annual targets are listed in the table below. Although some SAs will play dominant roles in carrying out activities to meet certain outcomes, it is understood that directly and/or directly, all SA contract deliverables are intended to contribute towards the Protect Wildlife outcomes and outputs listed in Table 1.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 19 TABLE 2: CONTRACT DELIVERABLES: INDICATORS AND ANNUAL TARGETS
Targets Indicators Life-of- Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Activity SA 1 People trained to lead behavior 1.1 30 70 - - - 100 change campaigns Behavior change campaigns 1.2 5 5 5 5 5 25 implemented People reached by behavior 1.3 4,000 20.000 50,000 100,000 126,000 300,000 change campaigns SA 2 Revenue generated from the 2.1 sale of ecosystem services in US$10,000 US$65,000 US$87,500 US$131,250 US$206,250 US$500,000 target sites Payment for ecosystem services 2.2 or tourism initiatives supported 10 13 15 22 40 100 in target sites Global Development Alliance (GDA) investments in Protect US$0.05 US$0.65 US$0.75 US$1.30 US$2.25 2.3 US$5 million Wildlife anti-poaching and million million million million million trafficking efforts SA 3 LGU staff trained in participatory planning for 3.1 20 30 50 50 50 200 integrated conservation and development Community members trained in planning and implementation of 3.2 100 400 450 600 950 2,500 integrated conservation and development LGU staff trained, certified, and formally deputized as Wildlife 3.3 10 40 50 50 50 200 Enforcement Officers (WEOs) by government agencies Community members trained 3.4 and certified as WEOs by 30 95 100 125 150 500 government agencies SA 4 University-supported research 4.1 initiatives implemented at 4 5 5 5 6 25 target sites Universities developing 4.2 conservation curricula with 2 2 2 2 2 10 support from Protect Wildlife SA 5 Government staff trained in 5.1 combating wildlife and 100 200 200 200 300 1,000 environmental crime New or revised laws and 5.2 regulations adopted to combat 5 7 10 13 15 50 wildlife crimes Confiscations, seizures, and arrests resulting from capacity- 5.3 50 100 150 400 300 1,000 building provided by Protect Wildlife
20 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 3 ACTIVITIES FOR YEAR 1
This section presents the activities of Protect Wildlife for Year 1, which covers an extended period from July 2016 to end of September 2017 or for a total of 14.5 months.24 Activities from July to September 2016 focused on mobilization, training and refinement of the Theory of Change for Protect Wildlife, consultations and validation of strategies with national and local stakeholders, and preparation of the Year 1 work plan. Implementation activities commenced in October 2016.
The Year 1 work plan has three major sections: (a) technical activities in Manila, Palawan, and Zamboanga City-Sulu Archipelago sites; (b) management plan; and (c) estimated financial requirements for Year 1. The technical activities will focus on what should be carried out in each site to achieve Protect Wildlife objectives and meet contract deliverables. The activities are consistent with the overall TOC and individual SA results chains found in Annex A. The management plan section provides an overview of the “one team” approach and the decentralized operations made possible with DAI’s Technical Assistance Management Information System (TAMIS) that will be adopted in the Manila office and site offices. The section will discuss the organizational structure and reporting and coordination relationships between and among Manila-based teams, and between Manila-based and site-based teams. The management approach also discusses the implementation of four supplementary plans that cover the cross-cutting concerns: gender, communications, monitoring and evaluation, and security.
Most of the technical strategies and activities, including possible management arrangements with government agency partners (DENR, PCSD, DA-BFAR, NCIP, and local governments) were proposed, validated, enhanced, or modified after the site visits and various stakeholder consultations in Zamboanga City; Bongao, Tawi-Tawi; and Puerto Princesa City and Brooke’s Point in Palawan from September 12 to 23, 2016. Annex B lists the names of persons who participated in the stakeholders’ meetings and the agencies or organizations they represented. There were also several discussions with DENR-BMB and DENR-FASPS on the feasible implementation arrangement within the DENR, particularly with BMB as the main technical staff bureau and DENR field units (Regions 4B, 9, and ARMM; PENROs; and CENROs) as implementing units. As agreed, DENR field units will spearhead local coordination and joint implementation with LGUs, PCSDS, and field units of DA-BFAR and the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP).
Protect Wildlife will use a variety of implementation arrangements and mechanisms to engage partners, such as national and local governments, multisectoral governance bodies, CSOs, HEIs, private organizations, and on-site resource management units in target sites. These partners will need to formally express their willingness and interest to work with Protect Wildlife in conserving biodiversity and wildlife habitats and species in target sites. Their expression of interest, addressed to DENR and Protect Wildlife, may take the form of any of the following instruments:
Formal letter of intent from the head of the organization or agency, Executive Orders (EOs) issued by Local Chief Executives of LGUs Resolutions of multisectoral governance bodies, such as Protected Area Management Boards (PAMBs); Watershed Management Councils; and Provincial, and Municipal Development Councils. Upon acceptance of such formal expression of interest, the technical assistance team will discuss with potential partners the possible areas of common interest and convergence in target sites and habitats. Table 3 provides an initial list of activities that Protect Wildlife may be able to support. The technical assistance team, the PENRO, and the local partner will then jointly develop a work plan for collaborative implementation of specific activities.
24 Year 1 activities are programmed to cover 14 months so that subsequent annual work plans can follow the USG’s fiscal year, which ends in September.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 21
TABLE 3: PARTNERS AND POSSIBLE AREAS OF COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITIES
ng,
f viable fviable
traini –
Potential Protect Wildlife
Partners
cross visits, crossvisits,
Piloting and Piloting
piloting, etc. piloting,
prioritization
implementation
linked enterprises and enterprises linked
-
development, R&D development,
coaching/mentoring,
enforcement, zoning, enforcement,
marketing campaigns marketing
regulation, enterprise enterprise regulation,
Analysis and Analysis technical
assessments related to related assessments
behaviors, governance, governance, behaviors,
critiquing, entry points, points, critiquing,entry
livelihoodsLRMUs with
Biodiversity conservation Biodiversity
Capacitybuilding
Behavior change and Behavior social
ENR
Research and development, Researchdevelopment, and o commercialization
planning, legitimization, and planning,legitimization, including outreachprograms including
1. National government agencies ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 2. Local government units ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 3. Relevant multisectoral governance bodies of reservations, large ancestral domains, and protection and biodiversity conservation areas ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ (PAMBs, Watershed Management Councils, Council of Elders) 4. Civil society organizations ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 5. Private sector groups ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 6. People’s organizations and indigenous people’s ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ organizations 7. Media and advocacy groups ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 8. Higher education institutions and training and research ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ organizations 9. Other USAID-supported
activities ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
In Year 1, all Protect Wildlife SAs will help reduce threats to wildlife habitats and wildlife species by:
1. Increasing community awareness on the importance of conservation by improving their knowledge about wildlife laws and the value and benefit of biodiversity to their traditions, their livelihoods, and their continued survival; and by transforming their behaviors as both consumer and steward, leading to reductions in destructive gathering practices and trafficking and increased commitment to enforcement;
2. Facilitating commitments of public and private financing and establishing mechanisms to internally generate ENR-sourced funds from PES and other forms to support conservation, enforcement, livelihood and enterprises of communities, and improved governance;
3. Enhancing the technical competencies and financial capacities of LGUs and LRMUs, which include tenure and domain holders, coastal communities, and fisherfolk, to integrate conservation in plans, manage threatened habitats and wildlife species in their respective areas, and enforce rules and regulations;
4. Increasing the technical know-how of HEIs to conduct research, source and mobilize research funds, and enrich their conservation curriculum and syllabus so they can produce tools and knowledge
22 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 products that will enhance the capacities of LGUs, government agencies, local communities, CSOs, and other stakeholders in designing, implementing, and monitoring conservation programs; and
5. Strengthening enforcement institutions to improve incentives for on-site regulation in target habitats, increase effectiveness of enforcement actions, penalize violators, and enforce the rule of law by providing them with the support, tools, and regulatory framework needed to identify, report, prosecute, and convict violators of land use and wildlife laws. Table 4 provides the breakdown of Year 1 target deliverables by location: Palawan, Zamboanga City-Sulu Archipelago, and Manila. Most of the SA target deliverables for Year 1 will be from Palawan due to current security concerns in Zamboanga City and Tawi-Tawi. SA 5 supports national-level activities and has targets that are specific to the improvement or issuance of new wildlife policies, laws, rules and regulations, and the training of national government staff and follow-on support on wildlife law enforcement.
TABLE 4: SUMMARY OF YEAR 1 TARGET DELIVERABLES BY STRATEGIC APPROACH AND TARGET SITE
Target Contract Target Deliverables for Target Deliverables Deliverable for Deliverables Zamboanga Deliverables Year 1 for Palawan City- Sulu for Manila Archipelago
SA 1 People trained to lead behavior change 30 20 10 campaigns Behavior change campaigns implemented 5 3 2 People reached by behavior change 4,000 3,000 1,000 campaigns SA 2 Revenue generated from the sale of US$10,000 US$8,000 US$2,000 ecosystem services in targeted sites Payment for ecosystem services or tourism 10 8 2 initiatives supported in targeted sites GDA investments in Protect Wildlife anti- US$50,000 US$50,000 - poaching and trafficking efforts SA 3 LGU staff trained in participatory planning for integrated conservation and 20 10 10 development Community members trained in planning and implementation of integrated conservation 100 80 20 and development LGU staff trained, certified and formally deputized as Wildlife Enforcement Officers 10 10 - (WEOs) by government agencies Community members trained and certified 30 30 - as WEOs by government agencies SA 4 University-supported research initiatives 4 2 2 implemented at target sites Universities developing conservation 2 1 1 curricula with support from Protect Wildlife SA 5 Government staff trained in combating 100 20 20 60 wildlife and environmental crime New or revised laws and regulations 5 2 1 2
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 23 Target Contract Target Deliverables for Target Deliverables Deliverable for Deliverables Zamboanga Deliverables Year 1 for Palawan City- Sulu for Manila Archipelago adopted to combat wildlife crimes Confiscations, seizures, and arrests resulting from capacity building provided by Protect 50 20 20 10 Wildlife
3.1 YEAR 1 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES IN MANILA
The Protect Wildlife technical assistance team will carry out in Manila several initiatives in Year 1 in support of the startup of implementation activities at the central level and in priority sites. These are described in detail below.
1. Preparation of the Year 1 Work Plan and MEL Plan based on the strategic directions of Protect Wildlife; the results of field validation activities and consultations with key partners in Palawan, Zamboanga City, and Tawi-Tawi; and contract deliverables for Year 1. Prior to this task, a Gender Plan was drafted and submitted to USAID. The revised Gender Plan will be submitted upon the conduct of a gender analysis in Year 1 target sites.
2. Working with the DENR and USAID in setting up the Steering Committee and overall coordination and implementation arrangement for Protect Wildlife activities. Collaboration and partnership will be established with DA-BFAR, NCIP, Philippine Coast Guard (PCG), Department of Justice (DOJ), Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB), the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), and relevant CSOs and research institutions. Protect Wildlife will provide support to Steering Committee meetings that may be held within Year 1.
3. Preparation of branding and marking plans and a communications plan, which complement and support the implementation of Protect Wildlife activities, particularly in communicating to partners the progress and successes of the activity made possible through USAID support. The communications plan will also identify opportunities to work with national-level partners and identify opportunities and activities to collaborate on conservation communication activities, particularly those centered around global and national environment events (i.e., World Wildlife Day, International Day for Biological Diversity, Philippine Environment Month, etc.).
4. Preparation by SA teams of appropriate approach and instruments for the baseline assessment of identified target sites for Year 1 and capability building needs of national agency, LGU, and CSO partners. The assessment will look into the status of land use and resource management plans required of LGUs, PAMBs and mandated organizations; tenure status and management effectiveness of on-site resource managers; relevant policies and local ordinances; ENR-linked livelihood sources and commodity value chains; current and potential sources of public and private sector financing; available resources (manpower, skills, equipment, and logistics) for conservation planning, management, and enforcement; and past and current communications campaigns. It will also include preparatory activities for the conduct of gender analysis for specific target groups and partners, and of wildlife traffic monitoring and mapping in identified hotspots.
5. Preparation of terms of reference (TOR) and bid documents for the baseline knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) survey necessary to design and implement SA 1 activities.
24 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 6. Development and design of training modules and capacity building interventions that will be carried out in priority sites, including pre- and post-training assessment tools. Specific to SA 3, a review of available materials on integrated landscape planning will be carried out to aid in the revision and improvement of land use planning guides to incorporate conservation of wildlife habitats and species. DENR-BMB, NCIP, DA-BFAR, and DILG will be encouraged to participate in the review of landscape-level identification of protection and conservation areas and to support the inclusion of conservation areas in land use zoning ordinances. SA 5 will give priority to the design of training activities that will be held for national agency partners and clarify the process for the deputation of Wildlife Enforcement Officers (WEOs).
7. Coordination with national agency partners for the conduct of joint activities, such as policy reviews, fora, training, and communication activities. Specific to SA 5, discussions will be held with DENR- BMB and the Forest Management Bureau (FMB); DA-BFAR; relevant enforcement agencies, such as the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), Philippine National Police (PNP), Philippine Coast Guard (PCG), Department of Justice (DOJ), and Bureau of Customs(BOC); and national agencies exercising quasi-judicial authority on existing policy frameworks in terms of national laws, rules, and regulations on wildlife crime prevention, and on the scheduled training of national agency partners in combating wildlife and environmental crimes. This will include meetings with the United States Department of Interior-International Technical Assistance Program (US DOI-ITAP), National Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee-Sub-Committee on Environment and Natural Resources (NALECC-SCENR), and with DENR-BMB for the preparation of the Wildlife Law Enforcement Summit and the Wildlife Law Enforcement Action Plan (WildLEAP).
8. Conduct of national-level enforcement training and policy workshops and provision of post-training technical assistance, such as mentoring, coaching, assessment, and retooling. Training will be preceded by an assessment of capabilities (skills, resources, tools, etc.) of enforcement agencies and relevant agencies with quasi-judicial authority. Priority for training in Year 1 are DOJ prosecutors, DENR-BMB trainers on wildlife species identification and handling, DENR and NALECC-SCENR officers on wildlife forensics, and senior PNP officials on wildlife law enforcement. The policy workshops will mainly involve the drafting of DAO on Harvest/Quota Regulation and review of manual on wildlife enforcement.
9. Initiate discussions with national and international resource institutions that can provide guidance and technical support to Palawan and Zamboanga City-Tawi-Tawi HEIs in carrying out research, development and extension (RDE) activities that support Protect Wildlife objectives. These may include the Department of Science and Technology, Commission on Higher Education, University of the Philippines (UP) Marine Science Institute, UP Los Baños, UP Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, Smithsonian Institution, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Pacific Islands Science Center, and Relief International.
10. Development of a central monitoring and evaluation (M&E) database and the operable methods or formats for data capture, consolidation, analysis, and reporting as set out in the MEL Plan. This will include the gender reporting requirements. Site staff will be trained on data collection and reporting. Data collection, consolidation, and analysis will be timed and conform with quarterly reporting requirements of USAID.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 25 TABLE 5: YEAR 1 ACTIVITIES IN MANILA
2016 2017 Responsible SA Activities Teams / J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S Specialists 1. Prepare Gender Plan and Gender submit revised plan 2. Prepare Year 1 Work Plan All SA teams, and MEL Plan, with five-day M&E TOC training Chief of Party 3. Support the DENR and (COP), Deputy USAID in establishing Chief of Party Steering Committee (DCOP) 4. Support Steering Committee meetings (schedule to be COP, DCOP determined by DENR and USAID) 5. Prepare and submit Branding and Marking Plans and Communications Communications Plan 6. Coordinate with DENR and USAID on communication activities, including social Communications media, for environment events 7. Prepare methodology and All SA teams, instruments for baseline Gender assessment of Year 1 sites 8. Prepare TOR and bid documents for baseline KAP; SA 1 award contract 9. Design training and capacity All SA teams building modules 10. Consult with national partners for joint conduct of SA 5 training, workshops, policy review, and dialogues 11. Assess enforcement capabilities of national agency SA 5 partners 12. Participate in Wildlife Law Enforcement Summit and preparation of Wildlife Law SA 5 Enforcement Action Plan (WildLEAP) 13. Conduct enforcement training and enforcement policy workshop a. Training of Trainers on Wildlife Species Identification and Handling b. Training for DOJ SA 5 prosecutors* c. Training on Wildlife Forensics for the DENR and NALECC-SCENR* d. Training on Wildlife Law Enforcement for PNP Officials*
26 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 2016 2017 Responsible SA Activities Teams / J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S Specialists e. Policy workshops (intermittent) 14. Provide post-training SA 5 technical assistance 15. Initiate discussions with resource institutions for SA 4 support to HEIs 16. Develop and train site staff on M&E database and data collection and reporting M&E protocols; prepare quarterly data summary and analysis 17. Assess quarterly performance; prepare and All SA teams submit quarterly report
*in partnership with US DOI-ITAP 3.2 YEAR 1 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES IN PALAWAN
3.2.1 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
Palawan is situated in the southwestern part of the country’s island chain. An archipelagic province, Palawan is composed of 1,768 islands. The mainland is a narrow strip (625 kilometers long and 40 kilometers at its widest) with an area of about 15,000 km2 and mostly (63 percent) hilly to mountainous terrain. Palawan is home to 849,469 people (2015 census). Major sources of employment of its population are agriculture, fishery, and forestry. Nearly 20 percent of the population is composed of indigenous groups who are mostly dependent on subsistence fishing and farming. With their ancestral domain certificates/titles, indigenous people groups manage a significant portion of Palawan’s natural resources. Palawan is a complex continuum of landscapes and seascapes consisting of interconnected terrestrial and marine ecosystems that serve as refuge to more than a hundred terrestrial and marine threatened species. About 41 percent of the more than 1,100 species of terrestrial vertebrates that are known in the Philippine archipelago are found in Palawan. There are 26 species of amphibians, 69 species of reptiles, 279 species of birds, and 58 species of terrestrial mammals.25 Over 1,700 species of flowering plants are recorded in Palawan. The marine ecosystem is one of the richest and most biologically important in the world. There are 13 species of seagrass (81 percent of the known seagrass species in the country), 31 species of mangroves (90 percent of known mangrove species in the country), and 379 species of corals (82 percent of the total coral species recorded in the entire country). Eighty-nine percent of total reef fish recorded in the Philippines are found in Palawan. Also reported to be in Palawan are 15 of 25 recorded marine mammals.26 With its rich biodiversity and unique indigenous cultures, Palawan was declared a Biosphere Reserve by the United National Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1990. Palawan is home to two World Heritage sites—the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park and the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park. Palawan has nine protected areas comprising 302,164 hectares, which compose 20 percent of Palawan’s total land area.
25 Conservation International (2004): Surublien, Strategies to Conserve Palawan’s Biodiversity 26 Ibid.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 27 Major threats to Palawan’s wildlife and habitats are small-scale illegal timber cutting and extraction, conversion of forests to agro industrial plantations (which oftentimes result also in the displacement of local communities), mining (the effects of which extends to marine ecosystems), and encroachment into forestlands. Under RA 7611 or the Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act, mangroves are considered protection forests. However, because most mangrove forests are open access, continuous cutting of mangrove trees for house construction, firewood, and charcoal is difficult to control. In accessible and urbanizing areas, mangrove areas are also converted for residential, ecotourism, and commercial uses. Palawan’s marine resources are primarily threatened by IUU fishing. The use of illegal fishing methods threatens not only fish production (i.e., harvesting of immature and undersized fish and those at spawning stages) but coral reefs as well. Harvesting and trading of wildlife is also among the problems in Palawan. Wildlife that are illegally harvested include the Palawan pangolin, with its meat considered a delicacy in luxury restaurants and its skin and scales traded in the international black market, particularly in China and Vietnam, for use as traditional medicine. The talking myna and blue-naped parrot are the most commonly traded bird species as there is a high demand for them as pets. Two species of beetles, Dorcus spp. and Odontolabis spp., are traded online by local and international dealers for their aphrodisiac qualities. Sea turtles and their derivatives (e.g., eggs, carapace, scutes, and raw meat) are traded and consumed within and outside the country. Primary buyers are traders in Kudat, Malaysia. Enforcement of the Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act, Revised Forestry Code, and RA 9175 or the Chain Saw Act of 2002 in the province of Palawan is implemented by the PCSD Staff (PCSDS). Enforcement operations are undertaken with other government agencies, such as the PNP Maritime Special Operations Unit, Bantay Palawan, DA-BFAR, DENR-CENRO, and LGUs. PCSDS records show that the highest number of confiscations or apprehensions from 2010 to 2014 were in Balabac, followed by Puerto Princesa City and Taytay.
3.2.2 YEAR 1 FOCUS For Year 1, Protect Wildlife will focus its implementation activities in southern Palawan and Tubbataha Reefs. Stakeholder consultations conducted on September 20 to 21, 2016 in Puerto Princesa and southern Palawan and the analysis of the technical assistance team led to the selection of the following biologically significant areas and their respective LGUs:
Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape (MMPL), which encompasses the municipalities of Bataraza, Brooke’s Point, Quezon, Rizal, and Sofronio Española; Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, which is within the municipality of Cagayancillo; Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary, which is found within Narra municipality; Ursula Island Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary, which forms part of Bataraza municipality; and Balabac municipality, which is a critical exit point in the wildlife trade.
Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape, which covers 121,886 hectares, is the largest terrestrial protected area in the island. Parts of MMPL are within the municipalities of Bataraza (7 percent), Brooke’s Point (26 percent), Quezon (11 percent), Rizal (49 percent), and Sofronio Española (6 percent). It was designated as a protected landscape by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 1815 issued on June 23, 2009. It is a microcosm of megadiversity with 861 species of plants, 35 species of mammals, 90 species of birds, 30 species of reptiles, 14 species of amphibians, 23 globally threatened species, and at least 11 newly discovered plant and animal species. Continuing discovery of new species within MMPL highlights its universal value and the importance of conserving its resources. MMPL is known as the habitat of a soft-furred mountain rat (Palawanomys furvus) that is only known to occur in Mantalingahan, Palawan pangolin (Manis culionensis), talking myna (Gracula religiosa palawanensis), few remaining individuals of Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia), Palawan peacock pheasant (Polyplectron napoleonis), and freshwater turtles.
28 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 FIGURE 1: PRIORITY SITES FOR PALAWAN
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 29 Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park is an uninhabited coral reef in the middle of Sulu Sea with a total area of 97,030 hectares. It is currently the only protected area in Palawan with legislation: RA 10067 which was signed on July 27, 2009. Tubbataha Reefs is home to thousands of manta rays, whale sharks, marine turtles, sharks, and more than 400 species of fish. Apart from being a world heritage site, it is an ASEAN heritage site and a Ramsar site. Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary, which covers 905 hectares, is recognized as a protected area by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 1000 signed on February 15, 2006. It is one of the few remaining coral islands with intact coastal forests. Its broad mangrove belt serves as refuge for the critically endangered Philippine cockatoo. Ursula Island Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary, a 25-hectare islet, was declared a protected area through Administrative Order No. 14 issued on April 30, 1960. It is the oldest protected area in Palawan. Important species in the sanctuary are the grey imperial pigeon (Ducula pickeringii), mantanani scops owl (Otus mantananensis), Palawan fruit bat (Acerodon leucotis), and Palawan tree shrew (Tupaia palawanensis). Balabac is Palawan’s southernmost municipality, which is reported to be the exit point of wildlife that are brought to Mindanao and neighboring countries. Foreign fishing vessels transport illegally harvested wildlife through Balabac’s Mangsee Island to neighboring countries. Before the end of Year 1, these other biologically significant areas in Palawan will be assessed by the technical assistance team for consideration in the Year 2 work plan:
Seven Lines coral reefs, covering 12,339 hectares, in Aborlan municipality and proposed and existing MPAs in southern Palawan LGUs; Green Island Bay in Roxas municipality, which is an important feeding ground of dugongs in Palawan; Marine turtle nesting sites in the southwestern coast of Puerto Princesa City and Aborlan, which includes nesting sites managed by a Philam Fund grantee (Candis 3 Marketing Cooperative in Puerto Princesa City) and those within the 49,385-hectare ancestral land and waters of the Tagbanua community; and Busuanga Island, which consists of the municipalities of Coron and Busuanga and includes Calauit Island. This is a key biodiversity area, known as the habitat of threatened mammals (Palawan pangolin, stink badger, porcupine, and Calamian deer), birds (talking myna and cockatoo), and marine species (humphead wrasse and giant clams). It is also a hotspot for pangolin trafficking.
The following threatened species in Palawan will therefore be of focal interest to Protect Wildlife:
Palawan pangolin (Manis culionensis); Balabac mousedeer (Tragulus nigricans); Calamian deer (Axis calamianensis); Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia); Talking myna (Gracula religiosa palawanensis); Blue-naped parrot (Tanygnathus lucionensis); Palawan hornbill (Anthracoceros marchei); Palawan peacock pheasant (Polyplectron napoleonis); Philippine forest turtle (Siebenrockiella leytensis); Southeast Asian box turtle (Cuora amboinensis); marine turtles, including the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta), green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), and leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea); sharks and manta rays;
30 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 marine fishes, including groupers, humphead parrotfish, blue marlin, coral trout, big eye tuna, seahorse, and humphead wrasse; giant clams (Tridacna derasa, T. gigas, T. maxima, T. squamosa); and giant topshell snails locally known as samong (Tectus niloticus).
Several other bird species and marine fishes are listed under PCSD Resolution 15-521 series of 2015 pursuant to RA 9147.27 Protect Wildlife, with the DENR 4B and Palawan PENRO and CENROs, will explore partnerships with the following organizations and agencies in Palawan:
National and provincial agencies, including PCSDS, DA-BFAR, NCIP, and Palawan Provincial Government; LGUs of Brooke’s Point, Bataraza, Sofronio Española, Quezon, Rizal, Narra, Cagayancillo, Balabac, and eventually with Puerto Princesa City, Aborlan, Roxas, Busuanga, and Coron; PAMBs of Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary, Ursula Island Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary, and Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape; CSOs, including Katala Foundation, Inc.; Environmental Legal Assistance Center (ELAC); Palawan NGO Network, Inc. (PNNI); Institute for the Development of Ecological and Educational Alternatives (IDEAS); Non-Timber Forest Product-Exchange Programme (NTFP-EP); and PO and IPO tenure and domain holders within the target sites; HEIs, including Western Philippines University, Palawan State University, Holy Trinity University, and Palawan Polytechnic College, Inc.; and Other USAID activities, such as Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) and Phil-Am Fund.
3.2.3 KEY ACTIVITIES AND TARGETS BY STRATEGIC APPROACH
SA 1: Improve attitudes and behavior toward biodiversity and its conservation in target areas at a statistically significant level
1. Conduct inventory and assessment of (recent) past and current Palawan-wide and site-specific (southern Palawan LGUs, Tubbataha Reefs, and Puerto Princesa City) communications campaigns in terms of messaging, execution, and effectiveness. Study the design of PCSDS’ Palawan-wide KAP survey and results that will be relevant and useful for the development of wildlife conservation campaigns in Palawan.
2. From the initial assessment of MMPL with the other SAs, develop appropriate behavior change interventions, considering the extent of threats to habitats and species in MMPL, expected complementation between behavior change and interventions of other SAs, and willingness of LGUs to send staff to Campaigning for Conservation (C4C) training. Develop quantitative and qualitative KAP survey design and tools, and bid documents for the procurement of services for the survey in the MMPL area. The PCSDS KAP survey does not fully cover the baseline KAP data that will allow the statistical evaluation of behavior change.
3. Develop with concerned PCSDS a communications campaign that will address conservation awareness and knowledge gaps identified in the PCSDS KAP and in the initial assessment of MMPL, particularly of LGU decision-makers, PAMB members, and key Protect Wildlife partners. The
27 http://pcsd.gov.ph/resolutions/2015percent20resolutions/15-521.pdf
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 31 campaign will be designed to promote actions (e.g., issuance of ordinances, provision of regular budget, and assignment of staff) from the target audience to support conservation programs initiated by Protect Wildlife. The test run of the campaign will be undertaken in MMPL LGUs. Results of the campaign will be evaluated and needed refinements introduced before the campaign is scaled up to other parts of Palawan.
4. Facilitate the execution of the KAP survey by the contracted organization and closely monitor progress. SA 1 team will lead the analysis and synthesis of survey results.
5. Conduct Wave 1 of C4C training for selected staff (around 20 participants) from LGUs in southern Palawan, the DENR, PCSDS, and interested CSO partners. C4C is a scalable, cost-effective, ten-day training of Rare, Inc. which teaches theoretical and practical applications of social marketing. The training will be held in Brooke’s Point and will have trainers from Rare. At the end of the training, participants will have designed, developed, and tested a suite of campaign activities and materials, applying the process from communication strategy to creative execution and concept pre-testing to production. Participants should be ready to lead targeted behavior change campaigns in their respective areas.
6. Develop and roll out local campaigns based on campaigns designed by the C4C Wave 1 cohort. The mini-campaigns will be launched in priority sites with support from Protect Wildlife, PCSD, LGUs, or other partners. At least four local campaigns are expected to be supported and started in Year 1. The mini-campaigns will be implemented within a period of about six months. The Behavior Change Communication Specialist will guide the implementation of the mini-campaigns while the Palawan site team will closely monitor field activities.
SA 2: Intensify private and public involvement in biodiversity conservation and conservation financing
1. Document and assess current public and private financing sources for conservation activities in southern Palawan and Tubbataha Reefs, and financing arrangements and financial management systems that are in place for the four established protected areas. The assessment will cover the types of revenues that are being generated; budget and cost profiles for protected area management; and the forms of support from LGUs, CSOs, and other partners. It will look into the adequacy and sustainability of financing sources for conservation and determine requirements for technical assistance for the improvement of current financing and financial management systems or the development of new systems. The appropriate technical assistance will subsequently be provided.
2. Identify and pursue opportunities for establishing payments for ecosystem services (PES) and PES- like schemes that will allow reinvestment of revenues from the use of ENR assets in conservation activities. Water use (domestic and agriculture) and ecotourism provide the most opportunities for PES. Economic valuation studies will be undertaken on important water sources, ecotourism sites (terrestrial and coastal), and other natural assets in southern Palawan to provide a basis for pricing and fee systems. Exploratory discussions with water utilities, plantation managers, operators of tourism facilities, PAMBs, and LGUs will be held to introduce PES, advocate for the plow-back of revenues, and work out procedures to initiate it. Assistance will be provided to LGUs and PAMBs in designing PES or PES-like schemes and preparing the necessary resolutions, agreements, and ordinances that will support its adoption.
3. Conduct an enterprise mapping exercise to identify existing and potential ENR-based livelihood activities and enterprises in communities within priority sites and assess production, marketing, and management skills that are available locally. Consultations with stakeholders initially identified these
32 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 commodities for product quality development and improvement: cashew nuts, peanuts, almaciga resin, honey, rattan handicrafts, sea cucumber and abalone. Study the viability of production areas and products and identify and provide assistance on measures that will enhance their value chains: development of business plans; linkages with sources of improved varieties of tree crops, processing technologies, markets, and potential investors; and the facilitation of research and extension and infrastructure support.
4. Match financially viable enterprises with potential sources of investments. “Marketplace” meetings may be organized to bring together potential private investors, development banks, or guarantee corporations and proponents. Organize discussions with local tourism organizations and resort operators to identify opportunities for mobilizing funds for conservation or local enterprises.
5. Identify and promote opportunities for Global Development Alliances (GDA). Protect Wildlife activities leading to the protection of wildlife habitats and species, reduction of wildlife trafficking and improving community livelihoods will be opened for private sector counterpart funding. Specifically, for MMPL, there is an opportunity to tap the recently established US$1-million endowment fund for the protected area. Discussions will be held with the MMPL PAMB and its endowment trust fund holder and advisory committee on how the endowment fund can be used to leverage additional funding from the private sector.
SA 3: Improve biodiversity conservation competencies of local government units and civil society organizations
1. Assess competencies and capacities of LGUs, PAMBs, domain and tenure holders, and community managers of established MPAs in Year 1 priority sites to address threats to habitats and important species within their jurisdiction, and support existing efforts on biodiversity conservation. The initial assessment will look into their staffing and organization; resource management and conservation plans and activities; budgets; equipment; ordinances and policies; and partnerships with or memberships in organizations that provide support to livelihood development, community enterprises, enforcement of environmental laws, and natural resource management. The assessment will pinpoint the capability building needs of specific LGUs, PAMBs, POs, IPOs, and community groups who are serving as on-site managers of specific LRMUs within the priority sites. The assessment will determine priority technical assistance interventions for Year 1 for specific sites. Joint activity plans will be formulated with partners.
2. Undertake gender analysis in representative POs or IPOs and community groups to understand the productive, reproductive, and community roles of men and women in a specific context and, thus, inform the design of the training and other interventions that will be developed in all SAs for the communities, LGUs, and other stakeholders. The gender analysis will make possible the reduction of constraints to the participation of men and women in different development and conservation activities, and mainstream gender considerations into development processes. The analysis will be undertaken with the participation of LGUs and other partners, particularly their designated gender focal points required under the Magna Carta of Women. This activity will have a capability building component for these gender focal points not only on gender analysis but also on the mainstreaming of gender considerations into their development processes.
3. Take stock of available geospatial datasets on Palawan from the PCSDS, the DENR, and provincial and municipal LGUs and prepare maps that will be needed for threat and vulnerability analysis, delineation or zoning of conservation areas, on-site resource management planning, and land use planning. Protect Wildlife’s national and Palawan-based spatial planning and geographic information system (GIS) specialists will lead the preparation of basic maps (e.g., forest cover, sub-watersheds,
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 33 major land uses, settlements, tenure) and assist concerned LGUs and LRMU managers in developing spatial analysis, which includes Palawan’s Environmentally Critical Areas Network, to support their respective conservation and resource management planning.
4. For Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, review current management policies and arrangements and identify measures that will further strengthen and sustain protected area management effectiveness. This will entail discussions at the national, regional, provincial, and protected area levels. This will specifically look at funding and staffing concerns and possible management options for a resource with biodiversity value of international significance.
5. Conduct training, workshops, and mentoring sessions for LGUs and CSOs on conservation-oriented land use planning and on effective management of biologically significant areas within LGU territories, protected areas, and domain and tenured areas. This will be a series of learning-by-doing training-workshops, sharing and mentoring sessions conducted by the technical assistance team with local DENR staff, PCSDS, and other partners. The training will cover biodiversity conservation, resource management planning, sustainable ecotourism, conservation financing options such as PES and user fees, and enforcement. Mentoring will be provided to LGU decision-makers on the formulation of LGU ordinances that will support land use plans, conservation of wildlife habitats and species, financing or PES mechanisms, user fee systems, enforcement, and partnerships with the private sector.
6. Coordinate and collaborate with the DENR, PCSDS, ELAC, and the provincial government in the training and certification of WEOs from among staff of LGUs and CSOs in southern Palawan. Coordinate with PCSDS in the deputation of trained WEOs from LGUs and provide post-training mentoring that trained WEOs may require.
SA 4: Enhance capacities of universities to advance biodiversity conservation education, research, monitoring, and innovation
1. Search and review related reports, published articles, and gray literature on focal species and habitats, and on major threats and impacts on biodiversity in Palawan. Discuss with interested HEIs in Palawan regarding their respective research, development, and extension (RDE) agenda for the current and succeeding years that will support Protect Wildlife SAs. This will pinpoint areas for immediate research collaboration that may be explored in Year 1. With the concerned HEI, develop a detailed work plan for the conduct of initially agreed research activity.
2. Assess the institutional capacity of HEIs to undertake biodiversity conservation RDE and related capabilities such as packaging proposals, accessing financing, and mobilizing resources. Identify current sources of funding for their RDE activities, and of RDE support being provided to LGUs and national agencies. Examine past projects of HEIs that relate to biodiversity conservation; development of technologies related to improving livelihoods and resource management; and piloting of innovations such as linking digital and communications technology with enforcement activities, conservation, and other mechanisms to improve wildlife habitat management. Assess effectiveness of existing research network in Palawan in setting research directions and in dissemination of research results. As part of the assessment, identify capacity building and other support needs of HEIs using appropriate training needs assessment procedures.
3. Based on the abovementioned activities and considering the need for science-based knowledge and decision tools for biodiversity conservation, formulate with interested HEIs an integrated and responsive RDE agenda for Palawan with clear priorities for at least three years. This may be presented to PCSDS and the Palawan research network for endorsement. Identify academic and research organizations within and outside Palawan that are willing to collaborate to undertake the
34 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 identified priority researches. Identify suitable resource institutions outside of Palawan that can provide technical support to the HEIs and facilitate technical assistance arrangements.
4. Provide assistance and mentoring to HEIs in the development of research proposals based on the RDE agenda. For each proposal, the SA 4 team will work out the research timetable and arrangements for providing research support and mentoring to HEIs, and will determine how research studies will be disseminated or published and the knowledge products that can be developed from it. Actual conduct of the research activity will be closely monitored by the SA 4 team and mentors from other institutions.
5. Support the interest of Palawan HEIs to develop or integrate biodiversity conservation into their academic programs by providing guidance in developing syllabi and instructional materials, design of activities and learning approaches (e.g., colloquium, engagement of students in research activities, use of off-site learning areas or laboratories), and institutionalizing the programs.
6. Together with HEIs, identify mature technologies from past researches that are ready for commercialization (i.e., abalone culture project of Palawan State University). HEIs will be assisted in developing the program for the extension and promotion of the technology and in identifying potential investors.
SA 5: Enhance competencies of national government agencies in enforcing biodiversity conservation-related laws and policies
1. Conduct Palawan-wide assessment of environmental law enforcement capabilities of national agencies, LGUs, CSOs, and enforcement networks such as Bantay Palawan. The assessment will start with the proper understanding of policies, threats, enforcement, and the violations situation (i.e., incidences and trends in wildlife crimes and case adjudication) using the environmental law enforcement continuum as main platform for study. The assessment will include mapping out challenges in the wildlife enforcement process in relation to identified terrestrial and marine hotspots for poaching (on-site) and transshipment (off-site). It will also look at institutional and operational capacities, specifically logistics, skills, knowledge, manpower, and other issues that restrict effective wildlife law enforcement and adjudication of filed wildlife crime cases. The SA 5 team will gather secondary data from NOAA, DA-BFAR, LAWIN Forest and Biodiversity Protection System of the DENR, and results of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) monitoring to cross validate gathered enforcement data. The activity will be done in a participatory manner with LGUs, national agencies, law enforcement agencies, adjudication agencies, and CSOs taking part in workshops, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field validations. The assessment will start with southern Palawan LGUs, including Balabac. The assessment will provide PCSDS, the DENR, and the provincial government with critical data from which they can base the improvement of on-site and off-site enforcement programs and of capability building activities that Protect Wildlife can support.
2. Conduct training and mentoring to improve capabilities of government agencies, LGUs, and CSOs in wildlife enforcement. The training and mentoring interventions will be in support of action plans developed from violations assessments. Modules will be developed to address issues on skills and technical expertise. Assistance will be provided to improve existing local policies and ordinances and rules and regulations on species and habitat protection, to expand wildlife law enforcement through multi-agency partnerships, and to strengthen on-site and off-site wildlife trafficking monitoring of target species originating from Palawan or transshipped through identified entry and exit points. LGU systems for enforcement monitoring will have to be linked with the Law Enforcement Management Information System of PCSDS.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 35 TABLE 6: YEAR 1 TARGET DELIVERABLES FOR PALAWAN
Contract Target Deliverables Percent of Deliverables Deliverable for for Palawan Year 1 Target Year 1 SA 1 100 people trained to lead behavior change campaigns 30 20 66% 25 behavior change campaigns implemented 5 3 60% 300,000 people reached by behavior change campaigns 4,000 3,000 75% SA 2 US$500,000 revenue generated from the sale of US$10,000 US$8,000 80% ecosystem services in target sites 100 payment for ecosystem services or tourism 10 8 80% initiatives supported by in target sites US$5 million GDA investments in Protect Wildlife anti- US$50,000 US$50,000 100% poaching and trafficking efforts SA 3 200 LGU staff trained in participatory planning for 20 10 50% integrated conservation and development 2,500 community members trained in planning and implementation of integrated conservation and 100 80 80% development 200 LGU staff trained, certified, and formally deputized 10 10 100% as WEOs by government agencies 500 community members trained and certified as WEOs 30 30 100% by government agencies SA 4 25 university-supported research initiatives implemented 4 2 50% at target sites 10 universities developing conservation curricula with 2 1 50% support from Protect Wildlife SA 5 1,000 government staff trained in combating wildlife and 100 20 20% environmental crime 50 new or revised laws and regulations adopted to 5 2 40% combat wildlife crimes 1,000 confiscations, seizures, and arrests resulting from 50 20 40% capacity building provided by Protect Wildlife
TABLE 7: YEAR 1 ACTIVITIES IN PALAWAN
2016 2017 Responsible SA ACTIVITIES Teams (with O N D J F M A M J J A S Site Team) 1. Secure letters of intent from LGUs, PAMBs, CSOs, HEIs; set All SA teams institutional arrangements with DENR and PCSDS 2. Design site assessment and stakeholder analysis tool and All SA teams approach 3. Take stock of geospatial datasets SA 3 for priority sites 4. Undertake baseline assessments
and stakeholder analysis a. Resources, threats, and management of priority SA 1, 2, 3, 5 landscapes-seascapes (MMPL,
36 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 2016 2017 Responsible SA ACTIVITIES Teams (with O N D J F M A M J J A S Site Team) LGUs, LRMUs, other biologically significant areas) b. (Violations assessment (province-wide, with special SA 5 concerns in MMPL) c. Gender analysis of selected SA 1, 2, 3, 5 stakeholders 5. Undertake KAP survey (MMPL SA 1 LGUs, Narra, Aborlan) 6. With PCSDS, develop and scale up communications campaigns; develop suitable materials SA 1 (province-wide starting in southern Palawan) 7. Conduct C4C training in SA 1 southern Palawan 8. Conduct local campaigns (MMPL SA 1 LGUs) 9. Identify potential ENR-linked livelihood and enterprise ventures in production areas, SA 2 based on value chain and marketing/viability studies (MMPL LGUs) 10. Match financially viable enterprises with potential SA 2 sources of investments 11. Identify opportunities for PES or user fees and conduct resource SA 2 valuation studies 12. Initiate design of PES, PES-like, or SA 2 user fee schemes 13. Identify and promote opportunities for GDA in anti- SA 2 poaching and trafficking efforts (southern Palawan) 14. Review current management and financing arrangements in Tubbataha Reefs, with SA 3 recommendations to PAMB, PCSD, DENR 15. Facilitate discussions and adoption of institutionalization SA 3 and sustainability measures for Tubbataha Reefs 16. Facilitate roundtable discussions and workshops with LGUs and CSOs to formulate action plans SA 3 to address threats and drivers (MMPL LGUs, Narra, Aborlan) 17. Conduct training, workshops, and mentoring for LGUs and CSOs on conservation-oriented land use planning and effective SA 3 management of biologically significant areas within LGU territories and domain and tenured areas (MMPL LGUs)
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 37 2016 2017 Responsible SA ACTIVITIES Teams (with O N D J F M A M J J A S Site Team) 18. Mentor LGUs on the formulation of LGU ordinances that will support land use plans, conservation of wildlife habitats SA 2, 3, 5 and species, financing/PES/user fee systems, enforcement, and partnerships with private sector (MMPL LGUs) 19. Coordinate and collaborate with the DENR, ELAC, PCSDS, and the provincial government in SA 3, 5 training LGU and community WEOs (MMPL LGUs) 20. Deputation of LGU WEOs by SA 5 PCSD; post-training mentoring 21. Hold discussions/assessment with HEIs and PCSDS/Palawan Research Network on SA 4 conservation RDE needs and capacities and capabilities (initial focus on southern Palawan) 22. Develop RDE agenda with clear priorities for at least three years (for southern Palawan); mentor SA 4 HEIs in developing detailed research and extension design and launch research 23. Assist interested HEIs in developing/integrating biodiversity conservation into SA 4 academic programs; test-launch of programs 24. With LGUs and local enforcement agencies, assess and map wildlife trafficking routes; analyze violations reports or data SA 5 on wildlife crimes (province-wide, with emphasis on southern Palawan) 25. Conduct field validations; provide technical assistance for on-site and off-site enforcement; assist in SA 5 improvement of system for monitoring confiscation, seizures, and arrests 26. Monitor key project accomplishments; prepare and All SA teams submit quarterly reports 27. Conduct initial assessment of All SA teams sites for Year 2
38 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 3.3 YEAR 1 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES IN SULU ARCHIPELAGO- ZAMBOANGA CITY
3.3.1 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
The Sulu Archipelago target site will cover Zamboanga City and the Province of Tawi-Tawi in Mindanao. The two are located in separate administrative regions: Zamboanga City is the capital of Region 9 and Tawi- Tawi is part of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).
Zamboanga City
Zamboanga City is located at the southernmost tip of Zamboanga Peninsula, bounded on the east by the Moro Gulf, on the west by the Sulu Sea, and on the south by the Sulu Archipelago. It is a first class highly urbanized chartered city and is the third largest city in the country with a total area of 142,090 hectares. Only about 5 percent of its area is considered urban; 95 percent has remained rural. About 58 percent of its area is classified as alienable and disposable, and the rest consists of watershed reservations, forests, and buffer zones. The city has a population of 807,129 in 2010. With vast lands and waters surrounding the city, the local population relies on agriculture and fishing for livelihood. Other important economic activities are trading, services, and processing of marine products, such as sardines and seaweeds. Sardine fishing and processing account for about 70 percent of the city’s economy.28 The city has a high potential for tourism, given its beautiful landscapes, seascapes, and other natural wonders.
The Zamboanga Peninsula is known for the diversity of its forest and marine resources. There are five key biodiversity areas in the peninsula, including Pasonanca Natural Park which is found within the city. Pasonanca and six other watersheds in the city have the largest block of remaining old growth lowland dipterocarp forest in southwestern Mindanao. These are habitats of many species of birds. The city’s coastal waters have seagrasses, coral reefs, and mangroves that serve as healthy habitats for diverse fish and marine species. Off the city’s coast, the Great and Little Santa Cruz Islands Protected Landscape and Seascape is a declared protected area. Both islands are nesting grounds for hawksbill sea turtles; the smaller island is the habitat of vampire bats.
Among the threats identified in these biodiversity areas are land conversion, illegal logging, wildlife hunting, and IUU fishing. Increasing human population and inadequate fishery development programs contribute to the depletion of the city’s marine resources. Quarrying and improper management of solid and industrial wastes contribute to siltation and pollution of the city’s rivers, which in turn affect fish and marine habitats. The city’s mangrove forests are threatened by conversion into residential areas and illegal cutting of mangroves for house construction, firewood, and charcoal.
Zamboanga City, particularly its seaport, is considered a transit point for wildlife trafficking, with wildlife and wildlife products coming from or going to other regions in the country and neighboring countries. A number of confiscations have been recently reported in this city’s seaport.29 The presence of about 78 private wharves in the city’s long coastline has made monitoring of violations and enforcement of anti-trafficking laws difficult within the city’s territorial waters.
28 Zamboanga City is dubbed the Sardines Capital of the Philippines as 9 out of 12 sardines canning factories in the country are operating in the western coast of the city. 29 On September 9, 2016, the Philippine Coast Guard and the Maritime Police apprehended at Zamboanga City’s seaport a commercial fishing vessel with containers full of illegally poached great white sharks and whale sharks coming from Tawi-Tawi and for transshipment to China.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 39 Tawi-Tawi
Tawi-Tawi, the Philippines’ southernmost province, is a cluster of more than 100 islands and islets scattered southwest of Zamboanga Peninsula. The province, which forms part of the Sulu Archipelago, has 11 component municipalities: Bongao, Panglima Sugala, Languyan, Mapun, Sapa-Sapa, Sibutu, Simunul, Sitangkai, South Ubian, Tandubas, and Turtle Islands. The first three municipalities comprise the main island of Tawi-Tawi. The province has a total land area of 1,087.4 square kilometers and a population of 390,715 in 2015. About 25 percent of the population is in Bongao, the capital town and center of trade and commerce. The province’s inhabitants are predominantly Muslim. It is also home to the Tausogs, Sama and Badjao indigenous peoples, whose culture is closely linked to the sea. The islands of Tawi-Tawi are among the key faunal regions of the country. The main island supports many endemic species of birds, reptiles, trees, and plants, particularly in Bud Bongao (Bongao Peak) and Mount Kabugan. The island of Sibutu is a bird sanctuary.
Tawi-Tawi’s natural resources come mainly from the sea: rich fishing grounds, white sand beaches, limestone cliffs, coral reefs and gardens, and large mangrove areas. Extensive reefs in many of the islands comprise about 25 percent of the country’s total coral reef area. Reefs and mangroves are believed to be spawning and nursery grounds and sources of larvae and propagules. While its waters are among the most biodiverse regions in the world, these are largely unexplored and new species are still being discovered in the province.
Northwest of Tawi-Tawi is a group of seven small islands called the Turtle Islands. Together with three other islands from neighboring Malaysia and their surrounding coral waters, the Turtle Islands are among the key nesting sites in Asia for green sea turtles. The islands were declared a protected area in 1996 by the Philippines and Malaysia to guarantee protection of sea turtles and their nesting sites.
Agriculture, fishing, and seaweed farming are the leading sources of livelihood in Tawi-Tawi. Ecotourism and aquaculture provide opportunities for trade and investments. Processing of marine products is a potential business venture.
Rapid expansion of human settlements into upland and mangrove forests, along with unabated cutting of endemic tree species for house construction and boat making, and of mangroves for firewood and tanbark, has significantly degraded the habitats of Tawi-Tawi’s endemic species, many of which have become critically endangered. Proliferation of nickel mining in the province has damaged marine life. Coastal and marine habitats are also threatened by IUU fishing (e.g., muro-ami, blast and cyanide fishing, and bottom trawling) and inappropriate solid waste management practices. Uncontrolled mining of coral stones, coral rubble, and sand for commercial purposes and infrastructure has destroyed vast coral reefs. Seagrass beds along coastlines are wiped out and converted into seaweed farms. These threats are exacerbated by lack of education and lack of access to information, as well as confusion among LGUs and government agencies on their resource management responsibilities in managing their coastal resources. There is also a public perception and cultural orientation that fisheries are a common and open-access resource.
The rising market for live seafood products and by-products has encouraged harvesting of protected fish species, such as the humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) or mameng. Such fish are transported through the “backdoor” and traded with neighboring countries.
40 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 FIGURE 2: PRIORITY SITES FOR ZAMBOANGA CITY AND TAWI-TAWI
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 41 3.3.2 YEAR 1 FOCUS
For Year 1, Protect Wildlife will focus its implementation activities in the following biologically significant areas, as identified in stakeholder consultations conducted on September 13 to 15, 2016 in Zamboanga City and Bongao, Tawi-Tawi:
Pasonanca Natural Park, a habitat of diverse but threatened bird species and also the main source of Zamboanga City’s water supply; and Santa Cruz Islands, a nesting site of hawksbill sea turtles and also one of Zamboanga City’s tourist attractions.
Pasonanca Natural Park is a protected area and a habitat to many threatened and restricted-range bird species belonging to the Mindanao and Eastern Visayas Endemic Bird Area. Initially established as a forest reserve in 1987, it was expanded to 12,107 hectares, with a buffer zone of 5,307 hectares, and reclassified as a natural park in 1999. It has significant old growth lowland dipterocarp forests, several rock formations, springs, and waterfalls. Tumaga River and its tributaries provide the bulk of the water supply for the Zamboanga City Water District (ZCWD)30.
Santa Cruz Islands have been declared a protected area called the Great and Little Santa Cruz Islands Protected Landscape and Seascape under Presidential Proclamation No. 271 issued on April 23, 2000. It has a total area of 1,877 hectares. Through a co-management agreement with DENR Region 9, the protected area has been placed under the management of the Office of the City Environment and Natural Resources (OCENR) and the City Tourism Office of Zamboanga City. The waters surrounding the islands are rich in marine life. The smaller island has been zoned by the Protected Area Ecotourism Management Board (PAEMB) as a strict protection zone with a small multiple use zone where the military detachment is located. The bigger island, famous for its pink sand beach, is inhabited by a small community of Badjaos and is open to the public through arrangement with the City Tourism Office.
During Year 1, the following biologically significant areas in Zamboanga City and Tawi-Tawi will be mapped and assessed or characterized by the technical assistance team for inclusion in the Year 2 work plan and targets:
Mangrove areas along the western coast of Zamboanga City, particularly the contiguous barangays Mampang, Talon-Talon, Sta. Catalina, Kasangyangan, Sta. Barbara, Mariki, and Rio Hondo which are spawning grounds for fisheries resources and habitats of endemic and migratory birds; Manicahan and Ayala watersheds in Zamboanga City; Local conservation areas in Tawi-Tawi’s main island composed of Bongao, Panglima Sugala, and Languyan municipalities. These include the island’s extensive mangrove forests and MPAs that have been established by the USAID Ecosystems Improved for Sustainable Fisheries (ECOFISH) and the Coastal Resources and Fisheries Conservation Project of World Wildlife Fund (WWF). These serve as critical spawning and nursery grounds of commercially important fisheries species. Also included among the local conservation areas is Bud Bongao, a mountain considered sacred by the locals and was proposed under the United Nations Development Programme’s New Conservation Areas in the Philippines Project (UNDP NewCAPP) as a locally managed conservation area because of the remaining forest and biodiversity in its peak, Bud Bongao is the first LGU-managed local conservation area in ARMM; and
30 The Zamboanga City Water District sources 70,000 cubic meters (of its total daily water production of 79,920 cubic meters) from Tumaga River and the remaining 9,920 from six groundwater wells. The water district, however, is only able to serve 48 percent of the total population of the city.
42 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 Coral reefs in Sibutu and Sitangkai in Tawi-Tawi, which are spawning aggregation sites of the humphead wrasse. Sitangkai also has mangrove forests. Several MPAs have been established in the two municipalities.
The following threatened bird species will be among the terrestrial wildlife species that will be conserved in the Sulu Archipelago-Zamboanga City target site:
Zamboanga bulbul (Hypsipetes rufigularis), Mindanao bleeding-heart (Gallicolumba crinigera), Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi), Mindanao broadbill (Eurylaimus steerii), Philippine dwarf kingfisher (Ceyx melanurus), Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia), Tawi-Tawi brown dove (Phapitreron cinereiceps), Sulu hornbill (Anthracoceros montani), Sulu bleeding-heart (Gallicolumba menagei), and Sulu blue-winged racquet tail (Prioniturus verticalis).
Major marine habitats and species for conservation will include the following:
hawksbill and green sea turtles, giant clams, manta rays, humphead wrasse, and mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrasses.
Protect Wildlife, with DENR 9 and ARMM, will explore partnerships with the following organizations and agencies in Zamboanga City and Tawi-Tawi:
National and provincial agencies, including DA-BFAR and the Tawi-Tawi Provincial Government; LGUs of Zamboanga City; and Bongao, Panglima Sugala, Languyan, Sibutu, and Sitangkai in Tawi- Tawi; PAMB of Pasonanca Natural Park, Protected Area Ecotourism Management Board (PAEMB) of Santa Cruz Islands, and Bud Bongao Management Council; Enforcement agencies, including PCG, PNP in close collaboration with the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) which manages the Port of Zamboanga City; CSOs and CSO coalitions, including Zamboanga-Basilan Integrated Development Alliance (ZABIDA), Friends of the Zamboanga Watershed Movement, Peace Advocates of Zamboanga/Berde Zamboanga, and PO managers of MPAs in Zamboanga and Tawi-Tawi; HEIs, including Western Mindanao State University, Ateneo de Zamboanga University, Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Zamboanga, Mindanao State University in Tawi-Tawi, and Tawi-Tawi State Agricultural College; Zamboanga City Water District (ZCWD); and Other USAID activities, such as SURGE, Water Security for Resilient Economic Growth and Stability (Be Secure), Ecosystems Improved for Sustainable Fisheries (ECOFISH).
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 43 Protect Wildlife will keep abreast of developments in the Turtle Islands, the only protected area in Tawi-Tawi, through periodic interactions of the site team with DENR Region 9 and key officers of the Turtle Islands PAMB.
3.3.3 KEY ACTIVITIES AND TARGETS BY STRATEGIC APPROACH SA 1: Improve attitudes and behavior toward biodiversity and its conservation in target areas at a statistically significant level
1. Conduct inventory and assessment of (recent) past and current communications campaigns that promote conservation and ecotourism in Pasonanca Natural Park, other watersheds, and other conservation or ecotourism sites in Zamboanga City in terms of messaging, execution, and effectiveness. This includes information, education, and communication (IEC) and advocacy campaigns on watershed protection spearheaded by Silsilah Dialogue Movement and Friends of the Zamboanga Watershed Movement as well as those of ZABIDA and Verde Zamboanga which are all CSOs alliances. In Tawi-Tawi, assess communications campaigns and materials produced by the WWF and ECOFISH.
2. Based on the above assessments, as well as the general assessments of priority conservation areas in the target site, identify behavior changes that will be appropriate for different ecosystems and communities. Assess local capability to undertake a quantitative and qualitative KAP survey in selected upland and coastal barangays of Zamboanga City and priority LGUs in Tawi-Tawi. Facilitate execution of the KAP survey by the contracted organization and closely monitor progress. SA 1 team will lead the analysis and synthesis of survey results.
3. Using the results of the KAP survey, develop a thematic communications program that will serve as the larger umbrella campaign for Protect Wildlife with LGU decision-makers, PAMB members, and key partners as target audiences. Assess local resources (e.g., radio stations, local talents, local champions) that are available to support the advocacy and community communications campaigns. SA 1 team will provide guidance to concerned LGU and DENR staff on content, strategy, and execution.
4. Conduct Wave 2 of the C4C training for selected staff (around 10 to 15 participants) from the DENR, DA-BFAR, Zamboanga City LGU, selected LGUs in Tawi-Tawi, and interested CSO partners and academic institutions. The ten-day C4C training will be held in Zamboanga City. At the end of the training, participants will have designed, developed, and tested a suite of campaign activities and materials, applying the process from communication strategy to creative execution and concept pre-testing to production. Participants should be ready to lead targeted behavior change campaigns in their respective areas, with some support from Protect Wildlife for at least the production of campaign materials. The Behavior Change Communication Specialist will guide the planning for the full rollout of local campaigns designed by the C4C Wave 2 cohort in Year 2.
SA 2: Intensify private and public involvement in biodiversity conservation and conservation financing
1. Document and assess current public and private funding sources for the management of Pasonanca Natural Park and Santa Cruz Islands, and financing arrangements and financial management systems that are in place for these protected areas. Identify types of revenues being generated and assess the adequacy and sustainability of financing sources for conservation given the cost profiles of the protected areas. Identify the requirements for technical assistance for the improvement of current
44 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 financing/revenue generation, and the development or strengthening of financial management systems. Appropriate technical assistance will subsequently be provided.
2. Study in detail the current arrangements between DENR CENRO Zamboanga City, Zamboanga City LGU, and the Zamboanga City Water District for the management of the Pasonanca Natural Park, and explore ways to formalize such through a PES-like agreement. An economic valuation study may be undertaken on water resources and ecotourism value of Pasonanca Natural Park and of other natural assets of the city LGU to provide a basis for the review of current fee systems or for the establishment of new revenue sources, and for consideration by the LGU in allocating budgets and for PES schemes. Assistance will be provided to PAMBs and the LGU in preparing necessary support agreements and ordinances. Assistance provided by USAID’s Be Secure activity will be an input to this activity.
3. Identify existing and potential ENR-based livelihood activities and enterprises of or for communities in the buffer/multiple use zones of Pasonanca Natural Park and of priority coastal barangays or LGUs in Zamboanga City and Tawi-Tawi. This will focus on seaweed farming31, mariculture, processing of marine products, and ecotourism. Study the viability of these activities and of the production areas and identify measures that will enhance their value chains: introduction of improved varieties and/or processing technologies, improvement of product quality or services, development of business plans, linkages with markets, and development of support infrastructure. Organize discussions with current and potential investors and private sector groups (i.e., Chamber of Commerce and Industry, traders’ associations) to determine private sector interest and understand potentials and challenges in identified industries.
SA 3: Improve biodiversity conservation competencies of local government units and civil society organizations
1. Assess competencies and capacities of the DENR, LGUs, PAMB of Pasonanca Natural Park, PAEMB of Santa Cruz Islands, and community managers of established MPAs in priority coastal LGUs and barangays to address threats to habitats and important species within their jurisdiction. The initial assessment will look into initiatives to manage protected areas or conservation areas and the current biophysical condition of these areas. It will also examine mandates, agreements, support ordinances, resource management and conservation plans, budgets, management organization, and partnerships with other organizations. The assessment will pinpoint specific needs that will be addressed through joint activities of the technical assistance team and partners.
2. Compile from the DENR, LGUs, and other sources available maps on priority sites that will be useful for zoning of conservation areas, on-site resource management planning, and even for enforcement. Protect Wildlife’s national and Zamboanga City-based spatial planning and GIS specialists will lead the stocktaking of spatial data and preparation of basic maps (e.g., forest cover, sub-watersheds, major land uses, settlements, tenure), and assist the DENR, LGUs, DA-BFAR, PAMB/PAEMB, Watershed Management Council of Zamboanga City and community resource managers to use these maps in updating or formulating management plans of protected areas, MPAs, and other conservation areas.
31 Seaweed production plants in Zamboanga City, Cebu, and southern Luzon are the world’s biggest supplier of carrageenan. About 75 percent of eucheuma and kappaphycus seaweed produced in the country come from Zamboanga Peninsula and Sulu Archipelago.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 45 3. Undertake gender analysis in representative POs or IPOs and Muslim community groups to understand the productive, reproductive, and community roles of men and women in a specific context and, thus, inform the design of the training and other interventions that will be developed in all SAs for communities, LGUs, and other stakeholders. The gender analysis will make possible the reduction of constraints to the participation of men and women in different development and conservation activities, and mainstream gender considerations into development processes. The Gender Specialist of Protect Wildlife will engage gender focal points of the DENR, LGUs, and other stakeholders in undertaking the gender analysis.
4. Conduct training, workshops, mentoring, and learning-by-doing sessions for the DENR, LGUs, DA- BFAR, and CSOs on conservation-oriented land use planning and on effective management of biologically significant areas within LGU territories. In Tawi-Tawi, the training will lead to effective management of Bud Bongao by the Bud Bongao Management Council. Training on coastal resource and MPA management will build upon biodiversity conservation activities of WWF and ECOFISH. It will include integrated ecosystems management; sustainable ecotourism; conservation financing options such as PES, user fees, and private-public sector partnerships; MPA management; and enforcement. LGU decision-makers will be assisted in formulating local ordinances, policies, and implementation guidelines that will support their land use plans, financing systems, enforcement, and partnerships with the private sector.
5. Support the initiative of the US DOI to prepare a biodiversity management plan for Zamboanga City and suggest mechanisms to harmonize this with the ongoing updating of the city’s comprehensive land use plan. Formulation of a forest land use plan for Zamboanga City will be explored in relation to the biodiversity management plan. This will entail revisiting the characterization and co- management arrangements previously done on the Ayala and Manicahan watersheds. Protect Wildlife will coordinate closely with USAID’s SURGE activity in this land use planning activity.
6. Train members of the Zamboanga City Anti-Wildlife Trafficking Task Force on wildlife law enforcement. The training will eventually lead to the deputation of some of the task force members as WEOs (This activity is also described in SA 5).
SA 4: Enhance capacities of universities to advance biodiversity conservation education, research, monitoring, and innovation
1. Search and review related reports, published articles, and gray literature on focal species and habitats, and on major threats and impacts on biodiversity in Sulu Archipelago and Zamboanga City, including science-based information and knowledge generated through previous donor-funded projects. Discuss with interested HEIs in Zamboanga City and Tawi-Tawi their RDE agenda for the current and succeeding years that will support Protect Wildlife SAs. Identify research collaboration areas that may be initiated in Year 1. Develop a detailed work plan with the concerned HEI for the conduct of these research activities.
2. Assess the institutional capacity of HEIs to undertake biodiversity conservation RDE and related capabilities such as packaging proposals, accessing financing, and mobilizing resources. Assess research and extension activities that these HEIs are undertaking in support of specific protected areas or conservation areas32, in developing technologies related to improving ENR-based livelihoods
32 Examples of current HEIs’ involvement in conservation: Ateneo de Zamboanga University, in collaboration with the DENR and OCENR of Zamboanga City, did the Pasonanca Watershed Vegetation Analysis in 2010 and a Baseline Biodiversity Index with a local version of the Red List on endangered flora and fauna. The university also implemented a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) project that generated a number of thematic maps (e.g., flooding, coastal resources, river basin) which were shared with the city LGU. Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology has an ongoing mangrove reforestation initiative and is helping manage a coastal bird sanctuary near its campus. Mindanao State University in Tawi-tawi has done researches on the humphead wrasse and on
46 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 and resource management, and in piloting innovations such as the use of digital and communications technology in enforcement and other conservation activities. The assessment should identify capacity building and other support needs of partner HEIs that can be addressed by Protect Wildlife.
7. Based on the abovementioned activities and considering the need for science-based knowledge and decision tools for biodiversity conservation, formulate with interested HEIs an integrated and responsive RDE agenda for Zamboanga City and Tawi-Tawi with clear priorities for at least three years. This may be presented to Zamboanga City LGU and Tawi-Tawi provincial government for endorsement and support. Identify resource institutions that may be able to provide technical support to the research activities of the HEIs.
8. Provide assistance and mentoring to HEIs in the development of research proposals based on the RDE agenda. For each proposal, the SA 4 team will work out the research timetable and arrangements for providing research support and mentoring to HEIs, and will determine how research studies will be disseminated or published and the knowledge products that can be developed from it. Actual conduct of the research activity will be closely monitored by the SA4 team and mentors from resource institutions.
9. Support the interest of HEIs to develop or integrate biodiversity conservation into their academic programs by providing guidance in developing syllabi and instructional materials, design of activities and learning approaches (e.g., colloquium, engagement of students in research activities, use of off- site learning areas or laboratories), and institutionalizing the programs.
SA 5: Enhance competencies of national government agencies in enforcing biodiversity conservation-related laws and policies
1. Conduct a city-wide assessment of violations of wildlife laws and of environmental law enforcement capabilities of the Anti-Wildlife Trafficking Task Force that was formed by the Zamboanga City LGU in collaboration with national agencies, law enforcement units, and universities. The assessment will start with the proper understanding of policies, threats, enforcement, and the violations situation (i.e., incidences and trends in wildlife crimes and case adjudication) using the environmental law enforcement continuum as main platform for study. The assessment will include mapping out challenges in the wildlife enforcement process in relation to identified terrestrial and marine hotspots for poaching (on-site) and transshipment (off-site). It will also look at institutional and operational capacities, specifically logistics, skills, knowledge, manpower, and other issues that restrict effective wildlife law enforcement and adjudication of filed wildlife crime cases. The assessment will provide the DENR and the Zamboanga City LGU with critical data from which they can base the improvement of on-site and off-site enforcement programs and of capability building activities that Protect Wildlife can support.
2. Conduct a similar assessment of violations of wildlife laws and of environmental law enforcement capabilities in Tawi-Tawi. The assessment will determine training interventions that will be programmed for Year 2.
3. Conduct training and mentoring to improve capabilities of the Zamboanga City Anti-Wildlife Trafficking Task Force on wildlife law enforcement. The training and mentoring interventions will be in support of action plans developed from violations assessments. Modules will be developed to address issues on skills and technical expertise. Assistance will be provided to improve existing local policies and ordinances and rules and regulations on species and habitat protection, to expand sexual reproduction for coral restoration and coral rehabilitation work in several municipalities.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 47 wildlife law enforcement through multi-agency partnerships, and to strengthen wildlife trafficking monitoring of target species originating from other provinces or transshipped through the Zamboanga City port. The training will eventually lead to the deputation of some of the task force members as WEOs.
4. Assist concerned agencies in developing systems for documenting the number of operations conducted; the number of apprehensions, confiscations, seizures, and arrests; and the number of cases successfully filed. Monitor confiscations, seizures, and arrests resulting from Protect Wildlife training interventions.
TABLE 8: YEAR 1 TARGET DELIVERABLES FOR ZAMBOANGA CITY- SULU ARCHIPELAGO
Contract Target Deliverables Percent of Deliverables Deliverable for for Zamboanga City Year 1 Target Year 1 - Sulu Archipelago- SA 1 100 people trained to lead behavior change campaigns 30 10 30% 25 behavior change campaigns implemented 5 2 40% 300,000 people reached by behavior change campaigns 4,000 1,000 25% SA 2 US$500,000 revenue generated from the sale of US$10,000 US$2,000 20% ecosystem services in target sites 100 payment for ecosystem services or tourism 10 2 20% initiatives supported by in target sites US$5 million GDA investments in Protect Wildlife anti- US$50,000 - - poaching and trafficking efforts SA 3 200 LGU staff trained in participatory planning for 20 10 50% integrated conservation and development 2,500 community members trained in planning and implementation of integrated conservation and 100 20 20% development 200 LGU staff trained, certified, and formally deputized 10 - - as WEOs by government agencies 500 community members trained and certified as WEOs 30 - - by government agencies SA 4 25 university-supported research initiatives implemented 4 2 50% at target sites 10 universities developing conservation curricula with 2 1 50% support from Protect Wildlife SA 5 1,000 government staff trained in combating wildlife and 100 20 20% environmental crime 50 new or revised laws and regulations adopted to 5 1 20% combat wildlife crimes 1,000 confiscations, seizures, and arrests resulting from 50 20 40% capacity building provided by Protect Wildlife
48 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 TABLE 9: YEAR 1 ACTIVITIES IN ZAMBOANGA CITY - SULU ARCHIPELAGO
2016 2017 Responsible SA ACTIVITIES Teams (with O N D J F M A M J J A S Site Team) 1. Secure letters of intent from All SA teams LGUs, PAMBs, CSOs, HEIs, etc. 2. Design site assessment and stakeholder analysis tool and All SA teams approach 3. Take stock of geospatial datasets SA 3 for priority sites 4. Undertake baseline assessments
and stakeholder analysis a. Resources, threats, and management of priority SA 1, 2, 3, 5 landscapes-seascapes b. Gender analysis of selected SA 1, 2, 3, 5 stakeholders 5. Review of current agreements on management of PAs; assess effectiveness of PAMB/PAEMB SA 2, 3 and financing sources/ arrangements; develop action plans 6. Undertake KAP survey SA 1 7. With the DENR and Zamboanga City LGU, develop communications campaign for SA 1 LGU decision makers and stakeholders 8. Conduct C4C training SA 1
9. Conduct local campaigns SA 1 10. Identify potential ENR-linked livelihood and enterprises; do SA 2 value chain and marketing/ viability studies 11. Conduct discussions with SA 2 potential private investors 12. Identify opportunities for PES or user fees and conduct resource SA 2 valuation studies 13. Facilitate action planning for formulation of Zamboanga City SA 3 Biodiversity Management Plan (Forest Land Use Plan) 14. Conduct orientation-training on conservation-oriented resource SA 3 management planning and effective management 15. Prepare and validate thematic maps for updated management SA 3 plans of PAs 16. Facilitate discussions/refinement of management plans of PAs, SA 3 financing and implementation instruments
17. Facilitate design/agreement on SA 2
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 49 2016 2017 Responsible SA ACTIVITIES Teams (with O N D J F M A M J J A S Site Team) PES-like scheme for Pasonanca Natural Park and user fees for Santa Cruz Islands 18. Mentor LGUs on formulation of support ordinances on zoning, SA 2, 3, 5 financing, and enforcement 19. Prepare, validate and analyze thematic maps and relevant socioeconomic and biophysical SA 3 data for Zamboanga City Biodiversity Management Plan 20. Facilitate Forest Land Use Plan preparation process in SA 3 Zamboanga City 21. Prepare and validate thematic maps and assist in updating socioeconomic and biophysical data for priority areas in Tawi- SA 3 Tawi; conduct management effectiveness assessment in priority MPAs 22. Provide technical assistance to improve management of Bud SA 3 Bongao, identified bird habitats, and MPAs in Tawi-Tawi 23. Discuss/assess with HEIs in Zamboanga City and Tawi-Tawi SA 4 on RDE needs and capacities/ capabilities 24. Develop with HEIs an RDE agenda; mentor in developing detailed research and extension SA 4 design; launch at least two researches 25. Assist interested HEIs in developing/integrating biodiversity conservation into SA 4 academic programs; test launch at least one program 26. With Zamboanga City LGU and Anti-Wildlife Trafficking Task Force, assess environmental law enforcement capabilities and SA 5 violations of wildlife laws in the city; conduct mapping and field validations 27. Conduct assessment of wildlife law violations and environmental law enforcement capabilities in SA 5 Tawi-Tawi; develop suitable training program 28. Conduct training for Anti- Wildlife Trafficking Task Force; SA 5 conduct post-training mentoring; endorse LGU staff for deputation 29. Monitor apprehensions, confiscations, seizures, and SA 5 arrests
50 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 2016 2017 Responsible SA ACTIVITIES Teams (with O N D J F M A M J J A S Site Team) 30. Monitor key project accomplishments; prepare and All SA teams submit quarterly reports
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 51 4 MANAGEMENT PLAN
4.1 OVERALL MANAGEMENT APPROACH
The following principles guide the management approach to the implementation of Protect Wildlife:
1. Site-focused approach. Protect Wildlife requires strong leadership of target site teams to successfully deliver results and scale up impact across diverse landscapes and seascapes. Protect Wildlife’s presence in and knowledge of the target sites will enable it to tailor implementation activities to site-specific needs and to respond to evolving local conditions. Strategically located field teams will draw upon the Manila-based technical and crosscutting teams, thereby reducing the need to replicate the full contingent of experts at each location. This approach will enable Protect Wildlife to deliver targeted support in priority sites and forge partnerships essential for local ownership and long-term sustainability.
2. Flexible and adaptive management. Protect Wildlife will use constant communication and programmatic security protocols to mitigate risks and quickly adapt its strategy to changing circumstances, including the flexibility to physically re-deploy within the sites if the security situation changes. There will be quarterly team meetings of key staff from the sites and in Manila for coordination, planning, and assessment. At least once a year, the team will assess overall performance vis-à-vis M&E indicators and responses to learning questions to ensure that trends, patterns, lessons, and effectiveness of activities under each SA in each target site are analyzed, synthesized, documented, and used for the next annual planning to improve delivery of implementation activities.
3. Matrixed management structure. While site managers report directly to the COP and DCOP, they have indirect reporting lines to technical advisors in the Manila office. In the same manner, technical advisors have to discuss and clear with site managers all field activities they intend to undertake. The matrix structure of Protect Wildlife ensures rigorous technical oversight, supportive project management, and seamless integration of crosscutting elements, such as gender mainstreaming. This management structure ensures that site teams and technical teams in Manila agree on common direction and their respective tasks and responsibilities. Such matrixed working and reporting relationships also provide mechanisms for resolving conflicts, in case these arise. 4.2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Protect Wildlife’s organization involves three core teams: (1) site teams operating across the target sites, (2) Manila-based technical team, and (3) Manila-based crosscutting and administrative and finance support teams. Protect Wildlife’s organizational chart (Figure 3) details the composition of the three core teams and the formal reporting relationships within the organization.
Site offices are located in Puerto Princesa City in Palawan and Zamboanga City. There will be satellite offices in Bongao in Tawi-Tawi and either in Balabac or in Brooke’s Point in Palawan, where Site Coordinators are assigned. Site offices, headed by Site Managers, will coordinate field implementation activities with LGUs, LRMUs, CSOs, HEIs, private sector, and other partners in the target sites. They will work closely with technical advisors in the design of these activities. Each site office will have at least five staff, including the Site Coordinators. A Security Officer will be assigned in Zamboanga City. Two other site offices will be established when the additional target sites are selected by USAID and the DENR.
52 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1
FIGURE 3: PROTECT WILDLIFE ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
The Protect Wildlife technical team in Manila will have four sub-teams, each headed by a technical advisor. The technical team will lead national-level activities and provide holistic programmatic direction to site teams, who, in turn, will oversee implementation at the site level. Close coordination between the technical team and the site teams is critical as almost all deliverables will be emerging out of the target sites.
The crosscutting team is composed of four specialists who look after concerns that cuts across the technical sub-teams and the site and Manila-based technical teams. These are on spatial analysis; gender mainstreaming; communications; and monitoring, evaluation, and learning. These specialists also make sure that requirements of USAID with respect to gender responsiveness, communications and branding, and reporting are complied with.
The administrative and finance support team services both the site and Manila-based technical teams. Support to the sites is facilitated through site-based logistics and finance staff.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 53 TABLE 10: DETAILS OF FUNCTIONS OF MANILA-BASED AND SITE-BASED TEAMS
Functions and Services Provided Services Provided by Protect Wildlife Offices Manila Office Provide overall strategic direction and develop and oversee, in concert with USAID, Protect Wildlife activities Coordinate with Philippine government counterparts and other national and Technical oversight and direction regional level stakeholders Lead preparation of annual work plans Prepare a gender action plan to guide mainstreaming of gender concerns into technical approaches and activities Perform all project financial, administrative, and reporting functions Support field teams and monitor compliance with DAI and USAID policies Management oversight (including the Leahy Vetting required prior to training of government enforcement personnel) Develop and implement a communications plan Produce communication materials and coordinate media and outreach Communications activities together with USAID Ensure compliance with USAID branding and marking guidelines Coordination with other USAID activities Coordinate with other USAID activities and relevant donor-funded projects and donors projects Oversee the implementation of the MEL plan, including the gathering of baseline information, research, and studies that respond to learning questions, and the documentation of successes and good practices Monitoring, evaluation, and reporting Aggregate, analyze, and report M&E data collected from the sites in quarterly and annual reports Ensure compliance with reporting requirements on gender mainstreaming Ensure compliance with environmental guidelines of USAID Site Offices Provide physical presence in target sites and forge relationships with local governments and partners to support Protect Wildlife efforts Coordinate planned activities with key implementing partners and concerned local partners and stakeholders Oversee delivery of field activities and manage day-to-day relationships with local partners and beneficiaries Implementation of activities Facilitate activities being implemented in priority sites and ensure gender considerations are integrated Provide logistical support to field activities and the necessary documentation of activities Alert the Manila office of security concerns and technical and operational issues in field offices that may affect Protect Wildlife implementation Coordinate with relevant donor-funded programs or projects operating in target sites Coordination with other donors, other Collaborate and ensure technical synergies with other USAID activities USAID activities, and potential partners operating in target sites Engage with local organizations (CSOs, HEIs, private sector groups) that may contribute to attaining the objectives and targets of Protect Wildlife Reach out to private and public sectors and civil society with communication materials Communications and reporting Document, analyze, and collate data from priority sites for official reports of Protect Wildlife to USAID
54 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 4.3 GENDER ACTION PLAN
Protect Wildlife will develop a Gender Action Plan to affirm its commitment to advance gender equality and women empowerment as embodied in the USAID Gender Equity and Female Empowerment Policy of March 2012 and the USAID Philippines Country Development Cooperation Strategy for FY 2012-2016, as well as in RA 7192 or the Women in Development and Nation Building Act of 1992 and RA 9710 or the Magna Carta of Women Act of 2009.
Applying a gender lens in the management approach ensures that the Protect Wildlife team is mindful of gender concerns and is committed to incorporate gender and development into the organization, the delivery of its technical assistance, and in monitoring and evaluation activities. The following outlines entry points for mainstreaming gender concerns:
1. Organizational. Gender equality is addressed in Protect Wildlife procedures, staffing, work environment, and related equal opportunity policies. All staff at the national and field levels will undergo orientation on gender and cultural sensitivity and on USAID and Philippine policies to promote gender equality in biodiversity conservation. Field staff will be trained on how to address gender concerns in activity strategies, distill and document lessons from the field and reporting based on NEDA guidelines which are also followed by USAID projects.
2. Internal and External Communications Materials. Gender considerations and gender fair language are incorporated into agreements, assessments, communications, invitations for participation, and other areas of joint partner efforts.
3. Activity Strategies. Gender will be mainstreamed into all the strategic approaches where people are involved as beneficiaries and stakeholders. A gender analysis will be carried out in the target sites. Sources of information for the gender analysis will include men and women upland farmers, fisherfolk and coastal communities, local enforcement groups, and various local governance bodies. The gender analysis will reveal how men and women will be affected positively or negatively by project interventions, which could be adjusted or modified to counter negative effects. With the analysis, Protect Wildlife and partners should be able to respond appropriately to constraints, barriers, and opportunities for the participation of men and women in project planning, implementation, and decision making. To further promote gender equality, partner LGUs, DENR field units, and other national agencies will be trained on gender and development so they can have functional gender focal persons and they will be able to integrate gender concerns in their biodiversity conservation and wildlife protection activities, where appropriate.
The Gender and Social Safeguards Specialist will lead the conduct of the gender analysis and all training on gender, and provide guidance to Protect Wildlife teams and partners in developing appropriate gender interventions. A gender checklist will be developed to ensure that activities are gender sensitive and responsive. Gender mainstreaming interventions will be reviewed during annual work planning so these can be improved or adjusted in succeeding work plans.
Sex-disaggregated data will be collected on specific indicators as part of the MEL plan and data will be analyzed to show progress in reducing gender inequalities or gaps in the delivery of assistance. Successful gender-responsive interventions and lessons learned will be documented and used as examples and learning tools to partners on how to adopt gender-responsive programs and processes.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 55 4.4 COMMUNICATION PLAN
Clear and consistent communication is critical in achieving Protect Wildlife’s objectives and executing the five SAs in a multi-stakeholder environment in several geographic sites. Well-developed messages communicated to targeted audiences and publics through appropriate channels can contribute to efficient implementation of the activity and strong commitment and effective collaboration of partners and stakeholders from diverse sectors. For this purpose, a communication plan is prepared to identify objectives and activities that support Protect Wildlife implementation, particularly in communicating to USAID and key partners the progress and successes of the activity made possible through USAID support.
The communication plan aims to achieve results in the following broad objectives:
1. Build a shared understanding of Protect Wildlife objectives, approaches, and results among partners and stakeholders. Protect Wildlife will foster a common understanding of its purpose, objectives, and measures of success to help mobilize support for the activity. This involves demonstrating and sharing the importance of the activity, its relevance to national and local contexts, effectiveness of its technical approaches, and the lasting value of its results and successes. This also establishes a positive recognition and perception of USAID support among the Protect Wildlife’s various audiences.
2. Provide communication support to address various needs in Protect Wildlife implementation. The communication plan will be responsive to emerging needs of the five SAs, particularly in various opportunities to use communication interventions to facilitate a more synergistic and more innovative implementation of the activity.
3. Generate national interest for key conservation issues in target sites. Protect Wildlife will collaborate with the DENR to elevate important conservation issues from the target sites to national- level and Manila-based communication initiatives for biodiversity and wildlife conservation. Protect Wildlife will share to DENR various activity outputs that can serve as a solid knowledge base to inform and provide insights their communication activities.
Aligned with the abovementioned objectives and the technical activities in the work plan, the communication activities for Year 1 will focus on the following:
1. Structuring activity communications, branding, and marking. The Communications Specialist will ensure that Protect Wildlife messages and communication activities are aligned with USAID branding and must consistently convey the activity’s successes as a result of assistance “from the American people” and of the vital partnerships with the Philippine government and other key stakeholders. The initial phase of implementing the communication plan focuses on producing the requisite materials and templates that will be used to introduce Protect Wildlife and its objectives and approaches to partners and stakeholders. These items include briefers, brochures, fact sheets, slides, technical notes, banners, and similar materials which will be used in meetings, presentations, and workshops. These will be tailored and modified accordingly for local languages and for specific audience groups, and will be reviewed and updated when necessary to suit changing needs in activity implementation. The Communications Specialist will also enjoin the use of USAID branding and marking guidelines, whenever applicable, in Protect Wildlife materials. He will also brief the teams on compliance with the guidelines and assist them on branding and marking concerns.
2. Informing partners and stakeholders on Protect Wildlife updates. A quarterly email newsletter based on synthesis of weekly and quarterly reports will be the main platform for keeping Protect Wildlife’s networks of partners abreast of recent updates and progress of the activity. Regular sharing of activity information through the newsletter can also aid in identifying opportunities for
56 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 collaboration between teams and networks. The newsletter can also contain a digest of useful resources from USAID and other external sources on global, national, and local conservation issues relevant to Protect Wildlife implementation.
3. Sharing stories of success. To garner awareness and appreciation of USAID support in biodiversity conservation among audience groups outside Protect Wildlife’s usual networks, traditional and social media will be leveraged to promote important activity milestones to broader publics, working around key global and national environment events whenever possible. News releases, photo releases, feature stories, and expert opinion pieces centered on Protect Wildlife milestones will be pitched to national broadsheets, online news sites, and local publications in target sites, as well as special interest magazines in environment and science. Protect Wildlife milestones on the field that are good for broadcast will be pitched to local radio and TV news in target sites. National and cable TV programs, including nature and environmental programs, will be tapped to showcase success stories in habitat and species conservation and wildlife enforcement. Social media platforms, particularly Facebook and Twitter, will be maintained following a content plan that promotes Protect Wildlife’s messages, regular updates, activity milestones, and relevant thematic topics on biodiversity and wildlife conservation. Social media content will be produced in multimedia formats, including photos, graphics, infographics, videos, and galleries.
4. Reporting results to USAID. Working with the technical and site teams and the Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist, the Communications Specialist will contribute to weekly reporting of Protect Wildlife updates and progress, particularly photo stories for the USAID Manila Environment Office email newsletter. He will contribute to the timely submission of quarterly reports, annual reports, midterm and final reports, and other technical documents to USAID. He will also provide USAID with pertinent information, case stories, multimedia content, and other communication outputs upon request.
5. Providing communication support. The communication plan will complement the technical implementation of the five SAs to help the teams meet their deliverables. Crosscutting support can range from translating technical information to popular and appropriate formats, providing or developing multimedia content, conducting complementary interviews with partners and stakeholders, and providing relevant communication training.
6. Generating national interest for site-specific conservation issues. While reinforcing its messages and campaigns in target sites, Protect Wildlife will also contribute to national-level and Manila-based communication initiatives for biodiversity and wildlife conservation, particularly those led by DENR- BMB. Protect Wildlife will communicate to DENR-BMB various activity outputs from the target sites that can serve as a solid knowledge base to inform and guide their communication activities. These outputs include Protect Wildlife messages and results of KAP surveys, technical assessments, behavior change campaigns, research studies, and stakeholder consultations, among others. The Communications Specialist will lead in working with DENR-BMB and other national-level partners in identifying opportunities and activities to collaborate on conservation communication activities, particularly those centered around global and national environment events (i.e., World Wildlife Day, International Day for Biological Diversity, Philippine Environment Month, etc.). These activities will tap traditional and social media and public events (i.e., photo exhibits, forums, etc.) to promote relevant messages, including USAID support to biodiversity conservation in the Philippines through Protect Wildlife.
The Communications Specialist will lead the implementation of the communication plan, in coordination with the technical and site teams, Behavior Change Communication Specialist, Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist, Deputy Chief of Party, and Chief of Party. Outputs of communication activities will be submitted to USAID/Philippines for review and clearance prior to publication or release.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 57 4.5 MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND LEARNING PLAN
The monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) plan has been developed from the TOC results chains formulated for the five SAs, from the deliverables contained in DAI’s Protect Wildlife contract, and from the USAID/Philippines Country Development Cooperation Strategy, to which Protect Wildlife contributes to. The MEL plan provides a detailed guide on how Protect Wildlife will perform its M&E functions, which include: 1. Periodic measurement and assessment of Protect Wildlife’s performance that will allow it to systematically review and adapt its strategies and approaches to changing site conditions in order to achieve its targets; 2. Timely reporting to USAID and key partners on implementation activities and challenges and the results of its efforts using agreed indicators; and 3. Dissemination of improved, science-based conservation practices and tools and lessons from experience that can be scaled up to strengthen wildlife conservation efforts in the country.
Specifically, the MEL plan provides a detailed description of the indicators to track 15 key outputs (contract deliverables) and the methods that are to be adopted for data collection, storage, analysis, review, feedback and reporting. The MEL plan also includes a description of the six foreign assistance framework indicators (F-indicators) of USAID that are listed in Table 1.
To allow for continuous and iterative learning from implementation, the MEL plan explicitly identifies learning questions related to specific results of the SAs that the team may look into at different points in time. Learning questions suggest assessments of differing scope and depth that may be carried out to respond to the need for evaluative knowledge and learning that will improve implementation performance. Collection, review, and analysis of M&E data will be a team effort. Protect Wildlife’s M&E Specialist will manage the overall process and ensure that the required data are periodically and religiously collected, checked, summarized, analyzed, and reported. Patterns, trends, and lessons (e.g., what worked and what did not work from among the SA activities) will be discussed, shared, and used to improve work plans and activities. Analysis of MEL data will substantiate Protect Wildlife’s quarterly and annual reports, midterm and end-of-activity assessments, and the writing of technical reports for presentation or publication.
In Year 1, the MEL plan will be operationalized in each target site and in Manila. Protect Wildlife staff will be given an orientation on the indicators and methods. A workable database will be designed and set up for easy data entry, retrieval, storage, and analysis. 4.6 SECURITY PLAN
Awareness is a key element that every Protect Wildlife staff should develop through periodic security briefings from the Security Officer. As a USG-funded activity, Protect Wildlife will maintain close coordination with the Regional Security Office (RSO) of the US Embassy and the Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) for security updates and issues that are taken up in RSO monthly meetings. Similarly, linkages will also be maintained with law enforcement and other relevant Philippine government agencies, such as the PNP and concerned regional and provincial units, PCG, Armed Forces of the Philippines and its Intelligence Security Groups, and National Intelligence Coordinating Agency.
As standard practice, bi-annual assessment of security risks and threats will be done in areas and LGUs where Protect Wildlife operates, particularly in Mindanao. The assessment will include the location of site and satellite offices, hotels and event venues that Protect Wildlife uses, and land travel routes that the staff usually take. On the basis of security information obtained and the periodic assessments of threats, Protect Wildlife
58 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 staff will then be advised on security measures that need to be taken by them when travelling or holding activities in the sites.
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 59 5 ESTIMATED FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR YEAR 1 WORK PLAN
The various interventions described in the work plan and shown in the Gantt charts will be implemented from July 2016 to September 2017. The estimated budgetary outlay on the implementation of the specific interventions is provided on Table 12 below. The total cost estimate for Year 1 activities is US$4,658,492 or PHP 224,611,176. Wildlife crime prevention and enforcement (i.e., total cost requirement of SA 1, SA 5, and part of SA 3) compose more than 50 percent of the estimated cost. Of the five SAs, those with the largest share of Year 1 total cost are SA 1, SA 2, and SA 5.
TABLE 12: BREAKDOWN OF ESTIMATED YEAR 1 WORK PLAN FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS
Percent of Total Cost Strategic Approaches Budgeted (PHP) Budgeted (US$) Cost for Year 1 Elements Work Plan 1.1 SA 1: Behavior Change PHP 49,398,637.60 US$1,024,868 22% SA 2: Conservation Financing 1.2 PHP 49,398,637.60 US$1,024,868 22% from Public and Private Sectors SA 3: Capacity Building and 1.3 Technical Assistance at the PHP 40,488,959.74 US$838,529 18% National and Subnational Levels SA 4: Science, Technology, 1.4 PHP 33,680,906.80 US$698,774 15% Innovation, and Partnerships SA 5: Environment Law 1.5 PHP 51,644,034.60 US$1,071,453 23% Enforcement Total PHP 224,611,176 US$ 4,658,492 100%
In terms of distribution of Year 1 work plan total cost by location, Manila (50 percent) and Palawan (35 percent) have the largest share, since national advisors and specialists are based in Manila and Protect Wildlife has more target sites and activities in Palawan.
TABLE 13: DISTRIBUTION OF YEAR 1 WORK PLAN COST BY LOCATION
Total Estimated Cost Share of Zamboanga City Share of Manila Office Share of Palawan Office for Year 1 Office and Tawi-Tawi
US$4,658,490 US$ 2,329,245 US$1,630,471 US$745,357 100% 50% 35% 15%
60 PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 ANNEX A
List of Participants and Persons Met During Protect Wildlife Field Validation and Meetings with Stakeholders in Zamboanga City, Tawi-Tawi, and Palawan (September 13 to 23, 2016)
Partners and Stakeholders Consulted in Zamboanga City Ben M. Acana Community ENR Officer, DENR CENRO West Cesar Ituralde Vice Mayor, Zamboanga City Cesar Jimenez, Jr. Councilor and Chairman, Committee on Environment, Zamboanga City Ofelia Despalo Asst. Coordinator, Office of City Planning and Development Coordinator (OCPDC) Felicitas E. Ramos PO IV, OCPDC Grace R. Samson PO III, OCPDC Ed Bisquera Assistant Department Head, Office of City ENR (OCENR) Lovell Abad Division Chief, Watershed Division (OCENR) Freddie Bagaan CFLE, OCENR Roberto B. Pareja EMS I, OCENR Lovell Abad Division Chief, Watershed Division, OCENR Carlito Cerezo Area Management Officer, Mindanao Development Authority Jean Paul C. Tolentino Development Management Officer I, Mindanao Development Authority Rodrigo Vega Assistant General Manager, Zamboanga City Water District (ZCWD) Teotimo Reyes, Jr. Assistant General Manager, ZCWD Arnolfo Alfonso Assistant General Manager, ZCWD Reynaldo R. Cabilin Assistant General Manager, Finance and Administration, ZCWD Milagros L. Fernandez Director, ZCWD Fernando Ronas Camba Division Manager, Planning and Monitoring, ZCWD Erica S. J. Pabalinas Administrative Assistant, ZCWD Daisy Bacero Hapay Provincial Coordinator, USAID Be Secure Annabelle Cajita City Advisor, USAID SURGE Fredelino M. San Juan Dean, Western Mindanao State University Roderick D. Trio Economist, Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology (ZSCMST) Teresita G. Montano Director, ARC, Ateneo de Zamboanga University (ADZU) Jocelyn D. Partosa Faculty, ADZU Ruth R. Guerrero Peace and Advocacy Officer, ADZU Welma M. Omboy PO, SACSI, ADZU Grace Bacaltos Zamboanga-Basilan Integrated Development Alliance (ZABIDA) MSgt. Joseph L. Fernando CMO NCO, TFZ IID, PA Sgt. Melfara A. Daman ISA NCO, TFZ IID, PA Lt. Carlos dela Rosa Jr. Operations, PCG SPO4 Sinbad A. Majid Duty PNCO, RMU 9 SPOI Juliefer Abdurche SESPO, RMU 9 PSupt. Luisito P. Magnaye CD, SCPO, PRO 9 SPO4 Romeo Remotin CESPO, PNP Arnero A. Agbayani Veterinarian IV, Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) Region 9
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 61 Joeleo P. Galicia Veterinarian IV, BAI, Region 9 Rocky Brian B. Garcia Agri Tech II, Quarantine, Bureau of Plant Industry, Region 9
Partners and Stakeholders Consulted in Bongao, Tawi-tawi Jonel Mohammad Nonel Provincial ENR Officer, Tawi-tawi, DENR ARMM Abdelkhan Taalal Administrative Officer, PENRO Tawi-tawi, DENR ARMM Ferzila Mualil Forester, PENRO Tawi-tawi, DENR ARMM Junaidie Moin BFAR Tawi-tawi Narhadim Esmael BFAR Tawi-tawi PSSupt Jerich Royales APD, Tawi-Tawi PPO PSI Geobain Calle 1st Special Maritime Operations Unit PO1 Balbirie Abdulla PNP PO3 Julhasan Abdula PNP Joel Oporto PNP Saido Espiliro PNP PO2 Michael Taalal 1st Special Maritime Operations Unit Jumelita Romeo TMRDFI Concepcion Toring Faculty, ICOF-MSU/TMRDF Adburizal Eldani TCTO, Mindanao State University (MSU) Tawi-tawi Sherwin Paalan CRM-RA, MSU-Tawi-tawi Reynaldo Benson CRM-RA, MSU-Tawi-tawi Japrin Hadji- A’min CRM-RA, MSU-Tawi-tawi Gerald Real CRM-RA, MSU-Tawi-tawi Jurma Tikmasan MSU-Tawi-tawi Benny Baigtu TRAC
Partners and Stakeholders Consulted in Puerto Princesa City Juan de la Cruz Provincial ENR Officer, DENR PENRO Palawan Florencio Diaz Community ENR Officer, CENRO Brooke’s Point Johnny Lilang Chief, TSP, DENR PENRO Palawan Ma. Vivian Soriano Senior ECOMS, DENR CENRO Puerto Princesa City (PPC) Marsha Ocampo ECOMS II, DENR CENRO PPC Jezriel Villaos FMS, DENR CENRO PPC Elany Sanico, ECOMS II, DENR CENRO PPC Emer Garraez DENR CENRO PPC Ana Liza del Rosario EMS I, DENR CENRO PPC Carolyn Esmenda EMS II, DENR CENRO Taytay Jo Annie Corvera ECOMS I, DENR CENRO Roxas Josephine Matulac Director for ECAN Planning Department, PCSDS Merlinda Hilario PDO V, PCSDS Ryan Fuentes PDO V, PCSDS Nino Rey Estoya PDO V, PCSDS Ma. Christina Rodriguez PDO III, PCSDS Ryan Fuentes Planning Officer, PCSDS Michelle Andrea Legal Assistant, PCSDS August Sabuya Legal Assistant, PCSDS Atty. Noel Aquino Provincial ENR Officer, DENR PENRO Palawan
62 PROTECT WILDLIFE THEORY OF CHANGE Emerico Cabanday, Sr. Chief, EMD, DENR PENRO Palawan Maribel Buni Chief Tourism Operations Officer, Provincial Government of Palawan Cristito Omapas PDO II, Provincial Planning and Development Office Carlo Gomez City ENR Officer, City ENRO PPC Marcelino Ramos SEMS, City ENRO PPC Fe Bolen App. Officer, City ENRO PPC Myla Adriano EMS II, City ENRO PPC Argie De Guzman Aqua-I, BFAR Palawan Dominador Opras TAA II, NCIP Nevong Puna Park Biologist, Puerto Princesa Subterranean River Natural Park Angelique Songco Protected Area Superintendent, Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park Bonifacio Tobias Project Manager, C3MC Peter Widman Vice President, KFI Eva Malabanan Project Officer, PSFI Laurence Padilla Executive Director, PCART Kymry Delijero Research Assistant, WWF Jansen Jontilla Legal Officer, ELAC Beth Dioso, Staff, ELAC Joel Becira Faculty, Western Philippines University PSupt Necerato Sabando Jr Deputy Provincial Director for Administration, PNP PO1 Rexson Bundac Duty Officer, PNP PO3 Alex Rico Ibarra PNP-MG SPO2 Richard Rodriquez VESPO PNP Maritime LTJ6 Precious Lonie Zamora Philippine Coast Guard ENS Peter Matthew Herminado Philippine Coast Guard Leo Dimoc Armed Forces of the Philippines
Partners and Stakeholders Consulted in Southern Palawan Florencio Diaz CENRO, DENR CENRO Brooke’s Point Jessica Denzon EMS II, DENR CENRO Brooke’s Point Rachel Appie Development Planning Officer, DENR CENRO Brooke’s Point Jean Feliciano Municipal Mayor, Brooke’s Point Bernardo Abengoza Sangguniang Bayan Member, Brooke’s Point Bong Ferraris Sangguniang Bayan Member, Brooke’s Point Rolito Landuan SPABP, Brooke’s Point Roger Perez LGU Brooke’s Point Laly Rios LGU Brooke’s Point Herman Bangona LGU Brooke’s Point Lucena Demaala Municipal Mayor, Narra Joanne Gadayon Staff, Mayor’s Office, Narra PO3 Abdulito Rosales Staff, Mayor’s Office, Narra Jhon Cayabo Municipal Coordinator, Narra Antonio Gammad OIC-MAO, Narra Norman Ong Municipal Mayor, Rizal Henry Palarca Municipal Agriculturist, Rizal Fernardo Capada LGU Rizal Esperanza Caabay MENRO, Quezon Roberto Bardolasa Agricultural Technician, Quezon Katherine Palao Administrative Aide VI, MPDO Bataraza Aristotle Supe Municipal Agriculturist, LGU Sofronio Española
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 63 Eric Tesario EMS Designate, LGU Sofronio Española Rhodora Ubani Supervising ECOMS, DENR PENRO Marjorie Joy Mozo Technical Staff, DENR PENRO Clarissa Pador Assistant PASU, MMPL Boy Soda IP representative, MMPL PAMB Renato Gonzaga PASU, Ursula and Rasa Islands Rhoda Roque District Manager, PCSDS Ian Christian Vega Assistant District Manager, PCSDS Sr. Xenia Mae Juanitas Project Director, AMP-IMP Ben Gonzales Vice-President for RDE, Western Philippines University (WPU) Lita Sopsop Dean, College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Environmental Sciences, WPU Romeo Lerong Director for Research and Development, WPU
64 PROTECT WILDLIFE THEORY OF CHANGE ANNEX B
FIGURE 1: PROTECT WILDLIFE OVERALL RESULTS CHAIN
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 65 FIGURE 2: STRATEGIC APPROACH 1 RESULTS CHAIN Improve attitudes and behavior toward biodiversity and its conservation in target areas at a statistically significant level
66 PROTECT WILDLIFE THEORY OF CHANGE FIGURE 3: STRATEGIC APPROACH 2 RESULTS CHAIN Intensify private and public sector involvement in biodiversity conservation and conservation financing
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 67 FIGURE 4: STRATEGIC APPROACH 3 RESULTS CHAIN
Improve biodiversity conservation competencies of local government units and civil society organizations
68 PROTECT WILDLIFE THEORY OF CHANGE FIGURE 5: STRATEGIC APPROACH 4 RESULTS CHAIN
Enhance capacities of universities to advance biodiversity conservation education, research, monitoring, and innovation
PROTECT WILDLIFE ACTIVITY WORK PLAN FOR YEAR 1 69 FIGURE 6: STRATEGIC APPROACH 5 RESULTS CHAIN
Enhance competencies of national government agencies in enforcing biodiversity conservation-related laws and policies
70 PROTECT WILDLIFE THEORY OF CHANGE