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A N T H R a X As an O C C U P a T I O N a L D I S E A U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES \ BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS/ * — {No. 267 INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND HYGIENE SERIES ANTHRAX AS AN OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE REVISION OF BULLETIN 205 By JOHN B. ANDREWS, Ph. D. v JULY, 1920 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1920 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis CONTENTS. Page. Introductory summary....................................................................................... .......... 5-7 Chapter I.—General description and history of anthrax................ - ..................... 9-13 Early studies of the disease.............................................. .......................... ...... 9 Discovery of the bacillus....................................................................................... 10 Characteristics of bacillus and spore.................................................................. 11,12 Animals subject to anthrax, and countries where the disease is prevalent.. 12 Conditions of soil and temperature favorable to the development of anthrax. 13 Modes of infection..................................................................................................... .13 Chapter II.—Medical aspects of human anthrax...................................................... 15-18 Symptoms.................................................................................................................... 15,16 Treatment................................................................................................................... 16-18 Chapter III.— Industries affected................................................................................. 19-23 Agriculture and other industries involving direct contact with animals... 19 Leather industry....................................................................................................... 19, 20 Animal hair and bristle industry......................................................................... 20, 21 Wool industry............................................................................................................. 21, 22 Horn and bone industry.......................................................................................... 22 Transportation.......................................................................................... ................. 22 Nonoccupational anthrax...................................... ......... ....................................... 23 Chapter IV.—Anthrax in the United States........................................................... 25-114 Early experience....................................................................................................... 25-32 Recent experience................................................................................................... 32-100 Experience of a leading morocco-leather center........................................32-35 Cases reported under New York occupational disease reporting la w ... 35-37 Cases reported under New Jersey occupational disease reporting law .. 37, 38 Cases reported under Pennsylvania infectious disease reporting law .. 38, 39 Cases on record in a Philadelphia hospital................................................. 39-41 Cases on record in a Massachusetts hospital..............................................41-43 Cases reported by tanners and leather manufacturers............................ 43-46 Fatal cases reported in registration area of theUnited States, 1910to 1917. 46-98 Distribution by industry, place of death, etc .................................. 47-58 Statistical summary..................................................................................58-65 Individual histories of fatal cases.......................................................... 66-98 Probable ratio of deaths to total number of cases.......................... .98 -1 00 Legislation.............................................................................................................. 100-114 Reporting........................................................................................................ 100-102 Prevention.......................................................................................................... 102 Agriculture.............................. ............................................................ 102, 103 Trade and manufacture....................................................................... 104-108 Compensation................................................................................................. 109-114 Chapter V.—Anthrax in Europe............................................................................... 115-134 Private activity..................................................................................................... 115-118 Anthrax Investigation Board for Bradford and District.................... 115,116 German employers’ mutual trade associations...................................... 116,117 Association of French Manufacturers for the Prevention of Industrial A ccid en ts....................................................................................................... 117 Milan Labor Clinic and other private activity in Italy...................... 117,118 International organizations and congresses................................................ 118 Governmental investigations................ ............................................................. 118,119 Systematic reporting and resultant data .......................... ............................. 119-126 Great B ritain................................................................................................. 119-122 Germ any......................................................................... ............................... 122-124 F ran ce................................................................................................................. 124 H olland........................................................................................................... 124,125 Ita ly ................................................................................................................. 125,126 R u ssia ......................................................................... ’ ...................................... 126 2 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis CONTENTS. 3 Chapter V.—Anthrax in Europe—Concluded. Page. Protective legislation........................................................................................... 126-131 Wool, hair, and bristles............................................................................... 127-130 Hides and skins............................................................................................. 130,131 Compensation for anthrax as an industrial injury........................................'132-134 Chapter V I.— Present status of the problem of disinfection.............................. 135-140 Chapter VII.—Recommendations for control and prevention of anthrax___ 141-148 Recommendations of the subcommittee of International Association for Labor Legislation, 1914................................................................................... 141-143 Recommendations by Great Britain: Disinfection subcommittee of depart­ mental committee appointed to inquire as to precautions for preventing danger of infection by anthrax in the manipulation of wool, goat hair, and camel hair, 1918....................................................................................... 143-145 Recommendations by C. H. W. Page............................................................. 145,146 Recommendations by Prof. L /D evoto and F. Massarelli.............................. 147 Recommendations by United States: Public Health Service. Circular letter of warning to State and local health authorities and others con­ cerned on anthrax and the sterilization of shaving brushes...................... 148 Appendix A.— Rules and regulations in the United States.............................. 149-166 United States: Treasury Department and Department of Agriculture Joint Order No. 2. Regulations governing the sanitary handling and control of hides, fleshings, hide cuttings, parings, and glue stock, sheepskins and goatskins and parts thereof, hair, wool, and other animal by­ products, hay, straw, forage, or similar material offered for entry into the United States, 1917................................................................................... 149-157 United States: Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Industry. Special order [B. A. I. Order 256] prescribing methods for the disinfec­ tion of hides, skins, fleshings, hide cuttings, parings, and glue stock, and other animal by-products, hay, straw, forage, or similar material offered for entry into the Unted States, and the containers of glue stock, bones, hoofs, and horns so offered for entry, 1917.................................... 157-160 United States: Public Health Service. Amendment No. 6 to interstate quarantine regulations, 1916, prohibiting the interstate transportation of shaving brushes or lather brushes manufactured under insanitary conditions, 1918..................................................................................................... 160 Massachusetts: Rules and regulations suggested for the prevention of an­ thrax, 1916................................................V.................................................
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