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Studies on New Guinea Moths. 1. Introduction (Lepidoptera)
PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 105(4), 2003, pp. 1034-1042 STUDIES ON NEW GUINEA MOTHS. 1. INTRODUCTION (LEPIDOPTERA) SCOTT E. MILLER, VOJTECH NOVOTNY, AND YVES BASSET (SEM) Department of Systematic Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smith- sonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0105, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]. edu); (VN) Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences and Biological Faculty, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (YB) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Ancon, Panama Abstract.•This is the first in a series of papers providing taxonomic data in support of ecological and biogeographic studies of moths in New Guinea. The primary study is an extensive inventory of the caterpillar fauna of a lowland rainforest site near Madang, Papua New Guinea, from 1994•2001. The inventory focused on the Lepidoptera com- munity on 71 woody plant species representing 45 genera and 23 families. During the study, 46,457 caterpillars representing 585 species were sampled, with 19,660 caterpillars representing 441 species reared to adults. This introductory contribution is intended to provide background on the project, including descriptions of the study site, sampling methods, and taxonomic methods. Key Words: Malesia, Papua New Guinea, Lepidoptera, biodiversity, rearing, community ecology A very large portion of tropical biodi- 1992 and 1993 (Basset 1996, Basset et al. versity consists of herbivorous insects, and 1996). This paper represents the first in a among them, Lepidoptera are among the series of papers providing taxonomic doc- most amenable to study. To better under- umentation in support of the broader stud- stand the structure and maintenance of trop- ies, and is intended to provide general back- ical biodiversity, we undertook a series of ground, including descriptions of the study related inventories of Lepidoptera in New site, sampling methods, and taxonomic Guinea. -
DNA Barcoding Confirms Polyphagy in a Generalist Moth, Homona Mermerodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Molecular Ecology Notes (2007) 7, 549–557 doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01786.x BARCODINGBlackwell Publishing Ltd DNA barcoding confirms polyphagy in a generalist moth, Homona mermerodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) JIRI HULCR,* SCOTT E. MILLER,† GREGORY P. SETLIFF,‡ KAROLYN DARROW,† NATHANIEL D. MUELLER,§ PAUL D. N. HEBERT¶ and GEORGE D. WEIBLEN** *Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 243 Natural Sciences Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA, †National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA, ‡Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108–1095 USA, §Saint Olaf College, 1500 Saint Olaf Avenue, Northfield, MN 55057, USA,¶Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1, **Bell Museum of Natural History and Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 220 Biological Sciences Center, 1445 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108–1095, USA Abstract Recent DNA barcoding of generalist insect herbivores has revealed complexes of cryptic species within named species. We evaluated the species concept for a common generalist moth occurring in New Guinea and Australia, Homona mermerodes, in light of host plant records and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I haplotype diversity. Genetic divergence among H. mermerodes moths feeding on different host tree species was much lower than among several Homona species. Genetic divergence between haplotypes from New Guinea and Australia was also less than interspecific divergence. Whereas molecular species identification methods may reveal cryptic species in some generalist herbivores, these same methods may confirm polyphagy when identical haplotypes are reared from multiple host plant families. A lectotype for the species is designated, and a summarized bibliography and illustrations including male genitalia are provided for the first time. -
Republic of Fiji: the State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources
REPUBLIC OF FIJI This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, The Report on the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources. The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by FAO in the document Guidelines for Preparation of Country Reports for the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources (2010). These guidelines set out recommendations for the objective, scope and structure of the country reports. Countries were requested to consider the current state of knowledge of forest genetic diversity, including: Between and within species diversity List of priority species; their roles and values and importance List of threatened/endangered species Threats, opportunities and challenges for the conservation, use and development of forest genetic resources These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents. The report is presented on www. fao.org/documents as supportive and contextual information to be used in conjunction with other documentation on world forest genetic resources. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained in this report. STATE OF THE FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES IN FIJI Department of Forests Ministry of Fisheries and Forests for The Republic of Fiji Islands and the Secreatriat of Pacific Communities (SPC) State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents Executve Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 5 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 6 Chapter 1: The Current State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji ………………………………………………………………….……. -
Floristic Relationships of New Caledonian Rainforest Phanerogams
Extract from Telopea 2(6): 631-679 (1986) 63 1 FLORISTIC RELATIONSHIPS OF NEW CALEDONIAN RAINFOREST PHANEROGAMS PH.MORAT!, J.-M. VELLONI& H. S. MACKEE~ (Accepted for publication 16.9.1983) ABSTRACT Morat, Ph.’, Veìllon, J.-M.’ & MacKee, H. S.2 (‘Centre ORSTOM, B.P. A5 Cedex, Nouméa, New Caledonia; 2L3.P. 3349, Nouméa, New Caledonia) 1984. Floristic relatiomhips of New Caledonian rainforest phanerogams. Telopea 2[4): 631-679 - A detailed analysis of the New Caledonian rainforest flora is given; 1499 species in 365 genera and 108 families are listed. Distribution of the species within New Caledonia is given in terms of specificity to rainforest (forestInon-forest and forest occurrence) and to substrate (only ultrabasiclabsent from ultrabasic/present on ultrabasic and other substr: :ss). Distribution of genera is presented according’to occurrences in 12 phyto- geographic units from endemic to pantropical. Sources of information are given. Comparisons with the whole New Caledonian phanerogamic flora are made; 46% of genera and species and 66% of families occur in the rainforest. For the flora the level of specific endemism is c. 75%. Floristic affinities are assessed by: comparison of numbers of genera shared with other regions (pantropical genera included/excluded); and numbers of genera shared exclusively by New Caledonia and 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 other regions. In these comparisons Australia, New Guinea, Malesia, Fiji, the New Hebrides, the Solomon Islands and then New Zealand have the most genera in common with New Caledonia. A floristic affinity Co-efficient for each territory was calculated from the proportion of the number of common genera to the number of territories in which they occur, for groups of two to six territories. -
Summary Report on Forests of the Mataqali Nadicake Kilaka, Kubulau District, Bua, Vanua Levu
SUMMARY REPORT ON FORESTS OF THE MATAQALI NADICAKE KILAKA, KUBULAU DISTRICT, BUA, VANUA LEVU By Gunnar Keppel (Biology Department, University of the South Pacific) INTRODUCTION I was approached by Dr. David Olson of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) to assess the type, status and quality of the forest in Kubulau District, Bua, Vanua Levu. I initially spent 2 days, Friday (28/10/2005) afternoon and the whole of Saturday (29/10/2005), in Kubulau district. This invitation was the result of interest by some landowning family clans (mataqali) to protect part of their land and the offer by WCS to assist in reserving part of their land for conservation purposes. On Friday I visited two forest patches (one logged about 40 years ago and another old-growth) near the coast and Saturday walking through the forests in the center of the district. Because of the scarcity of data obtained (and because the forest appeared suitable for my PhD research), I decided to return to the district for a more detailed survey of the northernmost forests of Kubulau district from Saturday (12/11/2005) to Tuesday (22/11/2005). Upon returning, I found out that the mataqali Nadicake Nadi had abandoned plans to set up a reserve and initiated steps to log their forests. Therefore, I decided to focus my research on the land of the mataqali Nadicake Kilaka only. My objectives were the following: 1) to determine the types of vegetation present 2) to produce a checklist of the flora and, through this list, identify rare and threatened species in the reserve 3) to undertake a quantitative survey of the northernmost forests (lowland tropical rain forest) by setting up 4 permanent 50 ×50m plots 4) to assess the status of the forests 5) to determine the state and suitability of the proposed reserve 6) to assess possible threats to the proposed reserve. -
Chapter One 1.0 Introduction and Background to The
CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Loganiaceae is a family of flowering plants classified in the Order Gentianales (Bendre, 1975). The family was first suggested by Robert Brown in 1814 and validly published by von Martius in 1827 (Nicholas and Baijnath, 1994). Members habits are in form of trees, shrubs, woody climbers and herbs. Some are epiphytes while some members are furnished with spines or tendrils (Bendre, 1975). They are distributed mainly in the tropics, subtropics and a few in temperate regions (Backlund et al., 2000). Earlier treatments of the family have included up to 30 genera, 600 species (Leeuwenberg and Leenhouts, 1980; Mabberley, 1997) but were later reduced to 400 species in 15 genera, with some species extending into temperate Australia and North America (Struwe et al., 1994; Dunlop, 1996; Backlund and Bremer, 1998). Morphological studies have demonstrated that this broadly defined Loganiaceae was a polyphyletic assemblage and numerous genera have been removed from it to other families (sometimes to other Orders), e.g. Gentianaceae, Gelsemiaceae, Plocospermataceae, Tetrachondraceae, Buddlejaceae, and Gesneriaceae (Backlund and Bremer, 1998; Backlund et al., 2000). The family has undergone numerous revisions that have expanded and contracted its circumscription, ranging from one genus at its smallest (Takhtajan, 1997; Smith et al., 1997) to 30 at its largest (Leeuwenberg and Leenhouts, 1980). One of the current infrafamilial classifications contains four tribes: Antonieae Endl., Loganieae Endl., Spigelieae Dum. (monotypic), and Strychneae Dum. (Struwe et al., 1994). The tribes Loganieae and Antonieae are supported by molecular data, but Strychneae is not (Backlund et al., 2000). -
Types of Vegetation Occuring on Santo
in BOUCHET P., LE GUYADER H. & PASCAL O. (Eds), The Natural History of Santo. MNHN, Paris; IRD, Marseille; PNI, Paris. 572 p. (Patrimoines naturels; 70). Types of Vegetation Occurring on Santo Jérôme Munzinger, Porter P. Lowry II & Jean-Noël Labat The Santo 2006 expedition was Table 5: Vegetation types in Vanuatu proposed by Mueller- designed to carry out detailed explo- Dombois and Fosberg. ration of the botanical diversity 1. Lowland rain forest present on the island. A wide diver- sity of vegetation types were there- a. High-stature forests on old volcanic ash fore studied, covering the full range b. Medium-stature forest heavily covered with lianas extending from what can be regarded c. Complex forest scrub densely covered with lianas as "extremes" on a scale from natu- d. Alluvial and floodplain forests ral, nearly undisturbed areas to those e. Agathis-Calophyllum forest that have been profoundly modified f. Mixed-species forests without gymnosperms and by man. Large areas have been trans- Calophyllum formed by humans — partially or completely — through clearing, fire, 2. Montane cloud forest and related vegetation Principal and other means, in an effort to meet basic needs for food, shelter, fiber, 3. Seasonal forest, scrub and grassland grazing land for livestock, etc., although such a. Semi-deciduous transitions forests habitats exist only because they are created and b. Acacia spirorbis forest maintained by man or by domesticated animals. c. Leucaena thicket, savanna and grassland At the other extreme, Santo’s vegetation includes nearly pristine formations that result from the 4. Vegetation on new volcanic surfaces natural processes of evolution and succession and are self-maintaining, provided they are not subject 5. -
CEPF Final Project Completion Report
CEPF Final Project Completion Report Instructions to grantees: please complete all fields, and respond to all questions, below. Organization Legal Name Live & Learn Vanuatu Education for Action: Empowering Local Communities for Project Title Biodiversity Conservation at CEPF Priority Sites in the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu CEPF GEM No. 64252 Date of Report December 2015 Report Author Anjali Nelson & Jessie Kampai [email protected], [email protected] Author Contact Information +678 27455 CEPF Region: Eastern Melanesian Islands Strategic Direction: Strategic direction 1: Empower local communities to protect and manage globally significant biodiversity at priority Key Biodiversity Areas under-served by current conservation efforts. Grant Amount: USD 99,990 Project Dates: 01/05/2014 – 30/04/2015 (given 6 month extension due to cyclone to 31/10/2015) 1. Implementation Partners for this Project (list each partner and explain how they were involved in the project) Live & Learn Solomon Islands (a local partner). The partner has an affiliate agreement with the other Live & Learn offices and will work closely with Live & Learn Vanuatu (LLV) as part of the project team. Live & Learn Solomon Islands implemented educational activities in East Rennell as an initial phase of the project. Live & Learn International was a second project partner. The inception workshop, printing and disbursement of resources was supported through the Australian office. Conservation Impacts 2. Describe how your project has contributed to the implementation of the CEPF ecosystem profile This project served to support Strategic Direction 1 by empowering local communities to undertake conservation actions through education and participatory planning. Site locations for the project fell within the priority sites identified by the Ecosystem Profile and focused on communities within these sites that were underserved by other conservation efforts in the broader geographic area. -
Pieter Willem Leenhouts (1926–2004)
BLUMEA 49: 3–10 Published on 3 May 2004 doi: 10.3767/000651904X486160 IN MEMORIAM PIETER WILLEM LEENHOUTS (1926–2004) On 1 March 2004 Dr. P.W. (Piet) Leenhouts passed away: after many years of ill- ness Parkinson’s disease won. From 1947 until 1999 he had been associated with the Rijksherbarium, now the Leiden University branch of the National Herbarium of the Netherlands, first as demonstrator, from 1953 as a member of the Flora Malesiana team, and after his official retirement in 1991 as an honorary staff member. During his long career he revised Burseraceae, Connaraceae, Dichapetalaceae, Goodeniaceae, Loganiaceae and Sapindaceae for the Flora. His accuracy and great knowledge of theory and practice made him an ideal editor of Blumea, a position he officially held from 1973 to 1999, but which he had already carried out on behalf of the Director of the Rijksherbarium, many years before as well. © 2004 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch 4 BLUMEA — Vol. 49, No. 1, 2004 From the start his work showed two facets: Piet not only excelled in revising species and monographing families, he also placed his research in a modern theoretical and methodological framework. This is nicely demonstrated in his thesis, ‘A monograph on the genus Canarium (Burseraceae)’, which he defended in 1959. He revised all species and did not only attempt a phylogeny reconstruction based on derived characters (now called synapomorphies), but also analysed their historical biogeography. He also wrote on practical and general aspects in taxonomic practice, such as identification tables, mounting specimens and species concepts. Perhaps his most famous article, on indexing (now ‘databasing’) nomenclature and specimens, was published in Regnum Vegetabile, painstakingly describing how to design and create files on plant names, synonyms, lit- erature references, specimens, etc. -
DNA Barcoding Confirms Polyphagy in a Generalist Moth, Hontona Mermerodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Molecular Ecology Notes (2007) 7,549-557 doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01786.x BARCODING DNA barcoding confirms polyphagy in a generalist moth, Hontona mermerodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) JIRI HULCR,*SCOTT E. MILLER,t GREGORY P. SETLIFFJ KAROLYN DARROW,t NATHANIEL D. MUELLER,§ PAUL D. N. HEBERTl andGEORGE D. WEIBLEN" *Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 243 Natural Sciences Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA, fNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA, •^Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 F olwell Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108-1095 USA, §Saint Olaf College, 1500 Saint Olaf Avenue, Northfield, MN 55057, USA,fDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1, **Bell Museum of Natural History and Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 220 Biological Sciences Center, 1445 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108-1095, USA Abstract Recent DNA barcoding of generalist insect herbivores has revealed complexes of cryptic species within named species. We evaluated the species concept for a common generalist moth occurring in New Guinea and Australia, Hontona mermerodes, in light of host plant records and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I haplotype diversity. Genetic divergence among H. mermerodes moths feeding on different host tree species was much lower than among several Homo«« species. Genetic divergence between haplotypes from New Guinea and Australia was also less than interspecific divergence. Whereas molecular species identification methods may reveal cryptic species in some generalist herbivores, these same methods may confirm polyphagy when identical haplotypes are reared from multiple host plant families. A lectotype for the species is designated, and a summarized bibliography and illustrations including male genitalia are provided for the first time. -
1 2008 Pacific Island Red List for PLANTS Phylum Bryophyta
2008 Pacific island Red List for PLANTS Contents Phylum Bryophyta __________________________________________ 2 Class Anthocerotopsida _________________________________________ 2 Class Bryopsida _______________________________________________ 2 Class Marchantiopsida __________________________________________ 2 Phylum Tracheophyta _______________________________________ 2 Class Coniferopsida ____________________________________________ 2 Class Cycadopsida _____________________________________________ 5 Class Liliopsida _______________________________________________ 5 Class Magnoliopsida ____________________________________________ 8 1 Red List Red List Geographical range Year category criteria (e) = endemic; (re) = regional endemic assessed F L O R A (Plantae) P H Y L U M B R Y O P H Y T A (Mosses) CLASS ANTHOCEROTOPSIDA (Hornworts) ANTHOCEROTALES ANTHOCEROTACEAE Dendroceros japonicus VU A1c FM 2000 CLASS BRYOPSIDA (True Mosses) BRYALES SPHAGNACEAE (Sphagnum) Sphagnum novo-caledoniae VU D2 NC (e) 2000 CLASS MARCHANTIOPSIDA (Complex Thalloid Liverworts) JUNGERMANNIALES (Leafy liverworts) JUNGERMANNIACEAE Nardia huerlimannii VU D2 NC (e) 2000 PERSONIELLACEAE Perssoniella vitreocincta VU B1+2c NC (e) 2000 SCHISTOCHILACEAE Schistochila undulatifolia CR B1+2c PG (e) 2000 P H Y L U M T R A C H E O P H Y T A (VASCULAR PLANTS) CLASS CONIFEROPSIDA (CONE-BEARING GYMNOSPERMS) CONIFERALES (Conifers) ARAUCARIACEAE (Monkey puzzles, Wollemis etc) Agathis australis LR/cd NC 2000 Agathis corbassonii VU B1+2c NC (e) 1998 Red Kauri Agathis labillardieri -
Polynesia-Micronesia Biodiversity Hotspot
ECOSYSTEM PROFILE POLYNESIA-MICRONESIA BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT FINAL VERSION MAY 2007 Prepared by: Conservation International-Melanesia Center for Biodiversity Conservation In collaboration with: Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Program With the technical support of: The Bishop Museum- Honolulu Conservation International-Center for Applied Biodiversity Science The Nature Conservancy – Micronesia Program Societé d’Ornithologie de la Polynésie Wildlife Conservation Society – Pacific Islands And of the Ecosystem Profile Preparation Team: James Atherton Joanna Axford Nigel Dowdeswell Liz Farley Roger James Penny Langhammer François Martel Harley Manner David Olson Samuelu Sesega Assisted by the following experts and contributors: FIJI ISLANDS Timoci Gaunavinaka Willy Tetuanui Aaron Jenkins Vilikesa Masibalavu Yves Doudoute Alex Patrick Aliki Turagakula FRENCH POLYNESIA HAWAII & USA Alivereti Bogiva Claude Carlson Allen Allison Alumita Savabula Claude Serrat Ana Rodrigues Craig Morley Eli Poroi Art Whistler Dale Withington Francis Murphy Audrey Newman Dick Watling Georges Sanford Dieter Mueller-Dombois Etika Rupeni Hinano Murphy Jim Space Gunnar Keppel Isabelle Vahirua-Lechat John Pilgrim Guy Dutson Jacques Iltis Lucius Eldredge Jo Ceinaturaga Jean-François Butaud Mark Merlin Jone Niukula Jean-Yves Meyer Robert Cowie Kesaia Tabunakawai Maxime Chan Robert Waller Linda Farley Mehdi Adjeroud Tom Brooks Manoa Malani Neil Davies Marika Tuiwawa Olivier Babin MICRONESIA Philip Felstead Paula Meyer Anne Brook Randy Thaman Philippe Raust