DOCSLIB.ORG

Botanical Diversity at Savura, a Lowland Rain Forest Site Along the PABITRA Gateway Transect, Viti Levu, Fiji1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Botanical Diversity at Savura, a Lowland Rain Forest Site Along the PABITRA Gateway Transect, Viti Levu, Fiji1 Botanical Diversity at Savura, a Lowland Rain Forest Site along the PABITRA Gateway Transect, Viti Levu, Fiji1 Gunnar Keppel,2 Jone Cawani Navuso,2 A. Naikatini,4 Nunia T. Thomas,4 Isaac A. Rounds,2,4 Tamara A. Osborne,5 Nemani Batinamu,3 and Eliki Senivasa3 Abstract: Savura is one of the seven focal sites of the Pacific-Asia Biodiversity Transect (PABITRA) Gateway Transect in Fiji. The site is composed of tropical lowland rain forest located in southeastern Viti Levu and consists of two adja- cent watershed reserves, the Savura Forest Reserve and the Vago Forest Re- serve. A total of 560 indigenous species (52% endemic) of vascular plants is recorded for this focal site. Savura has been chosen for the establishment of a large permanent plot of 12 ha following the methods proposed by the Centre of Tropical Forest Science (CTFS). This involves the recording of name, diam- eter at breast height (DBH), and precise location of every tree with 1 cm or more DBH. A total of 5,494 individuals with a total basal area of 2,752 m2 was recorded in the first 6,000 m2 of this CTFS/PABITRA permanent plot. The Myristicaceae (species of the genus Myristica) was the dominant family in num- bers of individuals (14.4%) and basal area (35.6%). Tree ferns (Cyatheaceae [8.2% of individuals, 14.6% basal area]) and the Clusiaceae (8.6% of individuals, 12.8% basal area) are other major components. After this initial census, sub- sequent censuses will be carried out every 5 yr and should give insights on spa- tial dynamics, recruitment and mortality, and long-term changes in populations of tree species. Savura, one of the seven focal sites of the comprises 24.7 ha of lowland rain forest; Fiji Pacific-Asia Biodiversity Transect (PABI- the Savura Forest Reserve was established in TRA) wet-zone transect (Keppel 2005, this 1963 and comprises 396.5 ha. No trees have issue), is located in the province of Naitasiri been removed from either reserve since their and includes two adjacent forest reserves, establishment, but before that, traditional Vago and Savura, that are catchment areas logging, the occasional removal of large trees for Savura Creek, which provides much of for house construction, is likely to have oc- Suva’s water supply (Figure 1). The Vago curred at least in parts of the reserves. Forest Reserve was established in 1959 and Because of its comparative accessibility and its protected status, Savura and the sur- rounding areas have been subject to previous 1 The Savura 12-ha Permanent Plot is funded by the botanical collections and ecological studies University Research Committee (URC) of the University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji. Manuscript accepted 23 investigating the demography of Balaka mi- April 2004. crocarpa Burret (Ash 1988) and Cyathea hornei 2 Biology Department, School of Pure and Applied Baker (Copel.) (Ash 1987). Despite this, no Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji. species list for the area exists. In this paper 3 Forestry Department, Ministry of Fisheries and we provide a preliminary list of species by Forests, Suva, Fiji. 4 South Pacific Regional Herbarium, Institute of Ap- incorporating data from collections at the plied Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji. South Pacific Regional Herbarium and from 5 Geography Department, University of the South specimens listed in Smith (1979, 1981, 1985, Pacific, Suva, Fiji. 1988, 1991, 1996) and in Brownlie (1977). Also included are species recorded from an Pacific Science (2005), vol. 59, no. 2:175–191 altitudinal transect on adjacent Mt. Korobaba : 2005 by University of Hawai‘i Press (Hassal and Kirkpatrick 1985, Kirkpatrick All rights reserved and Hassal 1985), which is similar in altitude 175 176 PACIFIC SCIENCE . April 2005 Figure 1. Map showing the boundary of the Vago Forest Reserve and location of the study site for the 12-ha perma- nent plot (indicated by arrow). The map also shows Savura Creek and Wailoku Creek, which are part of the Savura Forest Reserve and the Wailoku Forest Reserve, respectively. Inset is the climate diagram for Nausori Airport, located 14 km east of Savura. to Mt. Nakobalevu in the Savura focal site tree that is 1 cm or more in diameter. The (see Figure 1). project is a joint effort between the University Currently, a 12-ha permanent plot is being of the South Pacific and the Fiji Forestry De- created in the Vago Forest Reserve following partment. After completion of the initial cen- Centre for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS) sus, which is anticipated by early 2005, the protocol (Condit 1998), which involves map- plot will be revisited every 5 yr. In this paper ping, measuring, and identification of every we present a preliminary species list, profile Botanical Diversity at Savura in the Fiji PABITRA Gateway Transect . Keppel et al. 177 diagrams, and initial preliminary results of were used to assess whether a species is en- the first 6,000 m2 of this CTFS/PABITRA demic, indigenous, or introduced. permanent plot. Profile Diagrams materials and methods Profile diagrams were constructed by placing two 60 by 6 m transects into homogeneous Study Area vegetation types. One was placed on a slope The Savura focal site is located in southeast- and the other on a plain. Within each of these ern Viti Levu, about 8 km north of Suva. It transects every tree of 10 cm or more in di- is mostly covered by lowland rain forest. The ameter at breast height (DBH) was identified climate diagram of Nausori (Suva) Airport and approximately mapped. For each such (Figure 1 inset), located 14 km east of the fo- tree DBH was measured and the bole height, cal site, shows a mean annual rainfall of 2,926 crown height, and crown width estimated. mm and a perhumidity index (Walsh 1992) of These data were then used to draw a profile 20. Nausori Airport is located on the flood- diagram. plain of Fiji’s largest river, the Rewa, there- fore the focal site is likely to receive more Tree Census rainfall due to additional orographic rainfall. 2 The climate may be best described as tropical Within the 6,000 m every tree with a DBH wet to superwet (Richards 1996). Topogra- of 1 cm or more was measured, tagged, iden- phy is very uneven with steep slopes and tified, and mapped following Condit (1998). ridges. Landslides are common. However, instead of aluminum tags, nylon To begin the study and to provide some ribbons (with numbers written using white species identification the first hectare of the correction fluid) were used for this initial cen- permanent plot (which is intended to be 12 sus. Tree identifications were made by J.C.N. ha in size) has been set up in the Vago Re- and G.K. using parataxonomy (vernacular serve (see Figure 1). Data collection for this names). This involves identification of trees study was restricted to the first 6,000 m2 of based on characteristics of the bark and other the initial 1-ha plot. Because of the dense vegetative features and allows identification of canopy, global positioning system (GPS) plants to the family, genus, or species level, readings are difficult to obtain in the forest. depending on the plant. Scientific identifica- However, GPS coordinates obtained near tion of the various species is currently under the bottom of the nearby Vago Waterfall in way. In addition, Neil White (Biology De- the same reserve were 18 0 04.83300 S and partment, University of the South Pacific) 178 0 26.50500 E (D. Boseto, pers. comm.). has created an MS Access database following the format suggested by Condit (1998) and data entry will commence once identifications Preliminary Species List to the species level are completed. A species list of plants likely to be encoun- tered was constructed by listing all species results reported from Savura, Vago, Wailoku, Colo- Species i-Suva, Mt. Nakobalevu, and Mt. Korobaba (see Figure 1 for locations). These records A total of 560 indigenous species (52% en- were obtained from Flora Vitiensis Nova demic) was recorded (see Appendix 1). Of (Smith 1979, 1981, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1996), these, 345 (71% endemic) were dicotyledons, the database of the South Pacific Regional 117 (28% endemic) were ferns, 93 (14% en- Herbarium, and a previous study on Mt. demic) were monocotyledons, and 5 (none Korobaba (Kirkpatrick and Hassal 1985). endemic) were gymnosperms; 55 of the 93 Planted ornamentals were ignored. Smith’s monocotyledonous species were orchids. In volumes (1979, 1981, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1996) addition 27 introduced species were recorded. 178 PACIFIC SCIENCE . April 2005 Figure 2. Forest profile diagram of lowland rain forest on a plain in Savura, Naitasiri Province, Fiji. Symbols of trees over 10 cm DBH: Albo, Alpinia boia; Alsp, Alstonis sp.; Anac, Buchanania sp.; Baed, Barringtonia edulis; Casp, Canarium sp.; Cavi, Calophyllum vitiense; Cyin, Cyathocalyx insularis; Dibi, Dillenia biflora; Elsp, Elaeocarpus sp.; Enma, Endosper- mum macrophyllum; Ensp, Endiandra sp.; Exsp, Excoecaria sp.?; Fism, Ficus smithii; Gamy, Garcinia myrtiflora; Gice, Gi- ronniera celtidifolia; Gopu, Gonystylus punctatus; Hafl, Haplolobus floribundus; Heor, Heritiera ornithocephala; Mysp, Myristica sp.; Nesp, Neuburgia sp.; Path, Pagiantha thurstonii; Plsp, Plerandra sp.; Xy, Xylopia sp. Profile Diagrams error using the parataxonomic method be known. The profile diagrams (Figures 2 and 3) show Species of Myristica (Myristicaceae) are that species of dominate the canopy Myristica dominant in the area surveyed. They account and subcanopy with emergents of Endosper- for 14.4% of individuals (Table 1) and for on plains, and mum macrophyllum Calophyllum 35.6% of the basal area (Table 2). The Clu- vitiense, Gonystylus punctatus, and species of siaceae (species of Calophyllum and Garcinia) Syzygium dominate the canopy and sub- and tree ferns (species of Cyathea [Cyathea- canopy on slopes.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Promecothecini Chapuis 1875 Promecothecites Chapuis 1875:300
    Tribe Promecothecini Chapuis 1875 Promecothecites Chapuis 1875:300. Handlirsch 1925:666 (classification); Gressitt 1950:81 (China species). Promecothecini Chapuis. Würmli 1975a:45 (genera); Bouchard et al. 2011:78, 518 (nomenclature); Liao et al. 2015:162 (host plants). Promecothecini Weise 1911a:78. Weise 1911b:81 (redescription); Zacher 1913:103 (key); Handlirsch 1925:666 (classification); Uhmann 1931i:848 (museum list), 1940g:121 (claws), 1951a:31 (museum list), 1958e:222 (catalog), 1959d:8 (scutellum), 1964a:458 (catalog), 1964(1965):241 (faunal list), 1966d:275 (note); Bryant 1936:256 (faunal list); Liu 1936:249 (China species); Wu 1937:912 (faunal list); Gressitt 1939c:133 (distribution), 1957b:279 (South Pacific species), 1970:71 (Fiji species); Gressitt & Kimoto 1963a:905 (China species); Seeno & Wilcox 1982:164 (catalog); Jolivet 1988b:13 (host plants), 1989b:310 (host plants); Jolivet & Hawkeswood 1995:154 (host plants); Cox 1996a:172 (pupae); Mohamedsaid 2004:169 (Malaysian species); Staines 2004a:317 (host plants); Chaboo 2007:183 (phylogeny). Type genus:Promecotheca Blanchard. Promecispa Weise 1909 Promecispa Weise 1909:112. Type species:Promecispa voeltzkowi Weise 1909 by monotypy. Weise 1910d:442, 501 (faunal list), 1911a:53 (catalog), 1911b:80 (redescription); Uhmann 1931i:848 (museum list), 1958e:223 (catalog); Würmli 1975a:46 (genera); Seeno & Wilcox 1982:164 (catalog). Promecispa voeltzkowi Weise 1909 Promecispa voeltzkowi Weise 1909:112 (type:Madagascar, Kinkuni, ZMHB). Weise 1910d:442, 501 (faunal list), 1911a:53 (catalog), 1911b:80 (catalog); Uhmann 1931i:848 (type), 1958e:223 (catalog). Distribution. Madagascar. Food plant. Unknown. Promecotheca Blanchard 1853 Promecotheca Dejean 1837:387 Nomen Nudum. Guérin-Méneville 1840b:334 (note). Promecotheca Blanchard 1853:312. Type species:Hispa cyanipes Erichson 1834, designated by Baly 1858.
    [Show full text]
  • 75. LIPARIS Richard, De Orchid. Eur. 21, 30, 38. 1817, Nom. Cons. 羊耳蒜属 Yang Er Suan Shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-Chi); Paul Ormerod, Jeffrey J
    Flora of China 25: 211–228. 2009. 75. LIPARIS Richard, De Orchid. Eur. 21, 30, 38. 1817, nom. cons. 羊耳蒜属 yang er suan shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi); Paul Ormerod, Jeffrey J. Wood Alipsa Hoffmannsegg; Anistylis Rafinesque; Diteilis Rafinesque; Dituilis Rafinesque; Empusa Lindley; Empusaria Reichen- bach; Iebine Rafinesque; Leptorkis Thouars; Malaxis sect. Platystylis Blume; Mesoptera Rafinesque; Paliris Dumortier; Platystylis (Blume) Lindley (1830), not Sweet (1828); Pseudorchis Gray (1821), not Séguier (1754); Sturmia Reichenbach (1826), not Hoppe (1799). Herbs, terrestrial, lithophytic, or epiphytic, rhizomatous, rarely mycotrophic and leaves reduced to scales. Stems pseudobulbous, sometimes appearing as a many-noded, fleshy stem, clustered or not, when young covered by sterile bracts. Leaves 1 to several, linear to ovate or elliptic, plicate or not, thinly textured to leathery, basal or cauline (terrestrial species), or arising from apex or sub- terminal nodes of pseudobulbs (epiphytic species), articulate or not at base. Inflorescences erect to pendulous, racemose, laxly or densely many flowered; floral bracts persistent, small. Flowers small or medium-sized, yellow, green, orange, or purple, often translucent, usually resupinate. Sepals spreading, dorsal sepal free, lateral sepals sometimes fused for part or all of their length. Petals free, often reflexed, often linear and unlike sepals; lip often reflexed, ovate, oblong, or flabellate, entire or lobed, usually with a basal callus, lacking a spur. Column incurved-arcuate, clavate, long, winged at apex and sometimes at base; anther cap attached by a slen- der filament, 2-locular; pollinia 4 in 2 pairs, waxy, ovoid, bilaterally flattened, each pair with a small viscidium; rostellum thinly textured, blunt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diversity of Wild Orchids in the Southern Slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Eight Years After the 2010 Eruption
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 9, September 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 4457-4465 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210964 The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption FEBRI YUDA KURNIAWAN1,2,♥, FAUZANA PUTRI2,3, AHMAD SUYOKO2,3, HIMAWAN MASYHURI2,3, MAYA PURQI SULISTIANINGRUM2,3, ENDANG SEMIARTI3,♥♥ 1Postgraduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax. +62-274-544975, email: [email protected] 2Biology Orchid Study Club (BiOSC), Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 3Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-274-580839, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 21 August 2020. Revision accepted: 31 August 2020. Abstract. Kurniawan FY, Putri F, Suyoko A, Masyhuri H, Sulistianingrum MP, Semiarti E. 2020. The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption. Biodiversitas 21: 4457-4465. The ecosystem of the slopes of Mount Merapi is mountain tropical forest which is frequently affected by volcanic activities. The dynamics of the volcano affect the diversity and abundance of orchids in the ecosystem. Tritis is an area included in the Turgo Hill of the southern slope of Mount Merapi and is under the management of Mount Merapi National Park. The ecosystem in Tritis area classified as lower mountain forest and it has been affected by Mount Merapi eruption. This study aimed to do an inventory of orchid species in Tritis to know the diversity and abundance of orchids that exist in this area.
    [Show full text]
  • Zorotypidae of Fiji (Zoraptera)
    NUMBER 91, 42 pages 15 March 2006 BISHOP MUSEUM OCCASIONAL PAPERS FIJI ARTHROPODS VII NEAL L. EVENHUIS AND DANIEL J. BICKEL, EDITORS 7 BISHOP MUSEUM PRESS HONOLULU Bishop Museum Press has been publishing scholarly books on the natu- RESEARCH ral and cultural history of Hawai‘i and the Pacific since 1892. The Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin series (ISSN 0005-9439) was begun PUBLICATIONS OF in 1922 as a series of monographs presenting the results of research in many scientific fields throughout the Pacific. In 1987, the Bulletin series BISHOP MUSEUM was superceded by the Museum’s five current monographic series, issued irregularly: Bishop Museum Bulletins in Anthropology (ISSN 0893-3111) Bishop Museum Bulletins in Botany (ISSN 0893-3138) Bishop Museum Bulletins in Entomology (ISSN 0893-3146) Bishop Museum Bulletins in Zoology (ISSN 0893-312X) Bishop Museum Bulletins in Cultural and Environmental Studies (ISSN 1548-9620) Bishop Museum Press also publishes Bishop Museum Occasional Papers (ISSN 0893-1348), a series of short papers describing original research in the natural and cultural sciences. To subscribe to any of the above series, or to purchase individual publi- cations, please write to: Bishop Museum Press, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-2704, USA. Phone: (808) 848-4135. Email: [email protected]. Institutional libraries interested in exchang- ing publications may also contact the Bishop Museum Press for more information. BISHOP MUSEUM The State Museum of Natural and Cultural History ISSN 0893-1348 1525 Bernice Street Copyright © 2007 by Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-2704, USA FIJI ARTHROPODS Editors’ Preface We are pleased to present the seventh issue of Fiji Arthropods, a series offering rapid pub- lication and devoted to studies of terrestrial arthropods of the Fiji Group and nearby Pacific archipelagos.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchids: 2017 Global Ex Situ Collections Assessment
    Orchids: 2017 Global Ex situ Collections Assessment Botanic gardens collectively maintain one-third of Earth's plant diversity. Through their conservation, education, horticulture, and research activities, botanic gardens inspire millions of people each year about the importance of plants. Ophrys apifera (Bernard DuPon) Angraecum conchoglossum With one in five species facing extinction due to threats such (Scott Zona) as habitat loss, climate change, and invasive species, botanic garden ex situ collections serve a central purpose in preventing the loss of species and essential genetic diversity. To support the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, botanic gardens create integrated conservation programs that utilize diverse partners and innovative techniques. As genetically diverse collections are developed, our collective global safety net against plant extinction is strengthened. Country-level distribution of orchids around the world (map data courtesy of Michael Harrington via ArcGIS) Left to right: Renanthera monachica (Dalton Holland Baptista ), Platanthera ciliaris (Wikimedia Commons Jhapeman) , Anacamptis boryi (Hans Stieglitz) and Paphiopedilum exul (Wikimedia Commons Orchi ). Orchids The diversity, stunning flowers, seductiveness, size, and ability to hybridize are all traits which make orchids extremely valuable Orchids (Orchidaceae) make up one of the largest plant families to collectors, florists, and horticulturists around the world. on Earth, comprising over 25,000 species and around 8% of all Over-collection of wild plants is a major cause of species flowering plants (Koopowitz, 2001). Orchids naturally occur on decline in the wild. Orchids are also very sensitive to nearly all continents and ecosystems on Earth, with high environmental changes, and increasing habitat loss and diversity found in tropical and subtropical regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Outer Islands
    Initial Environmental Examination Project Number. 49450-012 March 2019 Proposed Grant and Administration of Grants for Kingdom of Tonga: Tonga Renewable Energy Prepared by Tonga Power Limited and Ministry of Meteorology, Energy, Information, Disaster Management, Environment and Climate Change for the Ministry of Finance and National Planning and the Asian Development Bank The Initial Environmental Examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country programme or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. TON: Tonga Renewable Energy Project Initial Environmental Examination – Outer Islands TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A. INTRODUCTION 1 B. ADMINISTRATIVE, POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK 4 1. Administrative Framework 4 2. Tongan Country Safeguards System 5 3. Environmental Assessment Process in Tonga 6 4. Tonga’s Energy Policy and Laws 7 5. ADB Environmental Safeguard Requirements 8 C. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 9 1. Project Rationale 9 2. Overview of Project Components in Outer Islands 10 3. Location of Components 11 4. Detail of Project Components 18 5. Project Construction, Operation and Decommissioning 19 D. DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE CONDITIONS) 21 1. Physical Environment 21 2. Biological Environment 24 3. Socio-economic Environment 28 E. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 32 1. Design and Pre-construction Impacts 32 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Fiji: Severe Tropical Cyclone Winston Situation Report No
    Fiji: Severe Tropical Cyclone Winston Situation Report No. 8 (as of 28 February 2016) This report is produced by the OCHA Regional Office for the Pacific (ROP) in collaboration with humanitarian partners. It covers the period from 27 to 28 February 2016. The next report will be issued on or around 29 February 2016. Highlights On 20 and 21 February Category 5 Severe Tropical Cyclone Winston cut a path of destruction across Fiji. The cyclone is estimated to be one of the most severe ever to hit the South Pacific. The Fiji Government estimates almost 350,000 people living in the cyclone’s path could have been affected (180,000 men and 170 000 women). 5 6 42 people have been confirmed dead. 4 1,177 schools and early childhood education centres (ECEs) to re-open around Fiji. Winston 12 2 8 Total damage bill estimated at more than FJ$1billion or 10 9 1 almost half a billion USD. 3 11 7 87,000 households targeted for relief in 12 priority areas across Fiji. !^ Suva More than Population Density Government priority areas 51,000 for emergency response 1177 More densely populated 42 people still schools and early are shown above in red Confirmed fatalities sheltering in childhood centres and are numbered in order evacuation centres set to open Less densely populated of priority Sit Rep Sources: Fiji Government, Fiji NEOC/NDMO, PHT Partners, NGO Community, NZ Government. Datasets available in HDX at http://data.hdx.rwlabs.org. Situation Overview Food security is becoming an issue with crops ruined and markets either destroyed or inaccessible in many affected areas because of the cyclone.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on New Guinea Moths. 1. Introduction (Lepidoptera)
    PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 105(4), 2003, pp. 1034-1042 STUDIES ON NEW GUINEA MOTHS. 1. INTRODUCTION (LEPIDOPTERA) SCOTT E. MILLER, VOJTECH NOVOTNY, AND YVES BASSET (SEM) Department of Systematic Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smith- sonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0105, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]. edu); (VN) Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences and Biological Faculty, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (YB) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Ancon, Panama Abstract.•This is the first in a series of papers providing taxonomic data in support of ecological and biogeographic studies of moths in New Guinea. The primary study is an extensive inventory of the caterpillar fauna of a lowland rainforest site near Madang, Papua New Guinea, from 1994•2001. The inventory focused on the Lepidoptera com- munity on 71 woody plant species representing 45 genera and 23 families. During the study, 46,457 caterpillars representing 585 species were sampled, with 19,660 caterpillars representing 441 species reared to adults. This introductory contribution is intended to provide background on the project, including descriptions of the study site, sampling methods, and taxonomic methods. Key Words: Malesia, Papua New Guinea, Lepidoptera, biodiversity, rearing, community ecology A very large portion of tropical biodi- 1992 and 1993 (Basset 1996, Basset et al. versity consists of herbivorous insects, and 1996). This paper represents the first in a among them, Lepidoptera are among the series of papers providing taxonomic doc- most amenable to study. To better under- umentation in support of the broader stud- stand the structure and maintenance of trop- ies, and is intended to provide general back- ical biodiversity, we undertook a series of ground, including descriptions of the study related inventories of Lepidoptera in New site, sampling methods, and taxonomic Guinea.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Issn: 2456-8643 Indigenous Tree Diversity
    International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch Vol. 3, No. 03; 2018 ISSN: 2456-8643 INDIGENOUS TREE DIVERSITY IN MALUKU AND FIJI AS A FUNCTION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA Reginawanti Hindersah*1,5, Thomas Melianus Silaya2, Jahangeer Bhat3, Champathi Gunathilake3 and Whippy Taniela4 1Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor Campus, Sumedang 45363, West Java Indonesia 2Department of Forestry Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University Jalan Ir. M. Putuhena, Poka Campus, Ambon 97233, Maluku, Indonesia 3College of Agriculture Fishery and Forestry Fiji National University, Koronivia Campus, Kings Road, Nausori, Fiji 4Timber Utilization and Research division, Forestry Training Center Fiji Ministry of Forestry 5Centre of Excellence Maluku Corner Padjadjaran University ABSTRACT: In Maluku and Fiji islands, forest trees are an important vegetation to protect environment quality and provide economical value for community as well as state. In sustainable tree nursery, using Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to enhance plant growth is recommended. The objective of this assessment was to provide information concerning the diversity and similarity of native forest tree species—based on secondary data—grown in both tropical Melanesian regions; and the possibility to apply PGPR in its seed nursery. The result demonstrated that at least 15 trees genus among them five tree species are naturally grown in both region but the main utilization of those trees in both regions is differed. Tree similarity provides evidence on the same natural factors affecting the process of vegetation establishment in Maluku and Fiji. Timber production in Fiji is more extensive than the one in Maluku, but seed nursery in both regions has not yet applied PGPR as bio fertilizer and bio stimulant.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcoding Confirms Polyphagy in a Generalist Moth, Homona Mermerodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
    Molecular Ecology Notes (2007) 7, 549–557 doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01786.x BARCODINGBlackwell Publishing Ltd DNA barcoding confirms polyphagy in a generalist moth, Homona mermerodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) JIRI HULCR,* SCOTT E. MILLER,† GREGORY P. SETLIFF,‡ KAROLYN DARROW,† NATHANIEL D. MUELLER,§ PAUL D. N. HEBERT¶ and GEORGE D. WEIBLEN** *Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 243 Natural Sciences Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA, †National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA, ‡Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108–1095 USA, §Saint Olaf College, 1500 Saint Olaf Avenue, Northfield, MN 55057, USA,¶Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1, **Bell Museum of Natural History and Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 220 Biological Sciences Center, 1445 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108–1095, USA Abstract Recent DNA barcoding of generalist insect herbivores has revealed complexes of cryptic species within named species. We evaluated the species concept for a common generalist moth occurring in New Guinea and Australia, Homona mermerodes, in light of host plant records and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I haplotype diversity. Genetic divergence among H. mermerodes moths feeding on different host tree species was much lower than among several Homona species. Genetic divergence between haplotypes from New Guinea and Australia was also less than interspecific divergence. Whereas molecular species identification methods may reveal cryptic species in some generalist herbivores, these same methods may confirm polyphagy when identical haplotypes are reared from multiple host plant families. A lectotype for the species is designated, and a summarized bibliography and illustrations including male genitalia are provided for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Researchspace@Auckland
    http://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz ResearchSpace@Auckland Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: • Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. • Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of this thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. • You will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from their thesis. To request permissions please use the Feedback form on our webpage. http://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/feedback General copyright and disclaimer In addition to the above conditions, authors give their consent for the digital copy of their work to be used subject to the conditions specified on the Library Thesis Consent Form and Deposit Licence. CONNECTING IDENTITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH INDIGENOUS EPISTEMOLOGY: THE SOLOMONI OF FIJI ESETA MATEIVITI-TULAVU A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY The University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .................................................................................................................................. vi Dedication ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Endangered and Protected Species
    STANDING COMMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES REPORT ON THE ENDANGERED AND PROTECTED SPECIES (AMENDMENT) BILL (BILL NO. 6 OF 2016) PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF FIJI Parliamentary Paper No. 60 of 2016 Contents 1.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..3 2.0 Committee Remit and Member …………………………………………………….4 3.0 Analysis of the evidence received………………………………………………….5 4.0 Committee Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………….5 5.0 Gender analysis…………………………………………………………………………….5-6 6.0 Committee Observation……………………………………………………………………………………………………...6 7.0 Amendments to the Bill……………………………………………………………...7-23 Amendment 1 ............................................................................................ 7 Annexe A – Glossary of terms used......................................................... 25 Annexe B – Oral evidence received .......................................................... 26 Annexe C – Written evidence received ................................................... 27 NATURAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE Page 2 | 27 Introduction The Natural Resources Committee was referred the Endangered and Protected Species (Amendment) Bill 2016 for second reading on 27thApril, 2016. The Committee has responsibility for examining the Bill and agreeing any appropriate amendments. The Endangered and Protected Species (Amendment) Bill 2016 amends the Endangered and Protected Species Act 2002 by adding more species for protection. The 2002 Act regulates the international trade, domestic trade, possession and transportation of species protected under the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species and Wild Fauna and Flora (‘CITES’). To support the Committee in this process, it issued a call for written submissions on 7th May, 2016 and received two responses from a range of stakeholders. It held oral evidence sessions on 06th May, 2016 and 16th May, 2016 and heard from Department of Environment and the SODELPA Opposition Party Office. The Committee would like to extend its thanks to all those who participated and provided an essential contribution to this process.
    [Show full text]