Tajikistan-PAD-04142017.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Tajikistan-PAD-04142017.Pdf Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: PAD1565 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON Public Disclosure Authorized PROPOSED CREDITS IN THE AMOUNT OF US$169.135 MILLION AND A PROPOSED GRANT IN THE AMOUNT OF US$56.565 MILLION EQUIVALENT Public Disclosure Authorized TO THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN FOR A NUREK HYDROPOWER REHABILITATION PROJECT - PHASE I ENERGY AND EXTRACTIVES GLOBAL PRACTICE EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA REGION Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective February 28, 2017) Currency Unit = Tajik Somoni (TJS) TJS7.88 = US$1 US$1 = SDR0.73 FISCAL YEAR January 1 – December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACF Average Capacity Factor IMF International Monetary Fund ACG Arab Coordination Group IPP Independent Power Producer ADB Asian Development Bank ISA International Standards on Auditing AIIB Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank IsDB Islamic Development Bank AMC Anti-Monopoly Commission KfW Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau a.s.l Above see level kV Kilovolt BoP Balance of Plant kWh Kilowatt-hour BT Barqi Tojik LC Letter of Credit CAPS Central Asia Power System LEC Levelized Energy Cost CASA Central Asia South Asia LV Low Voltage CCGT Combined Cycle Gas Turbine MEWR Ministry of Energy and Water Resources CHP Combined Heat and Power MIV Main Inlet Valve CPS Country Partnership Strategy mln Million CRI Corporate Results Indicators MMBtu Million British Thermal Units CSO Civil Society Organization MOEDT Ministry of Economic Development and Trade DA Designated Account MOF Ministry of Finance DC Direct Contracting MOJ Ministry of Justice DCC Development Coordination Council MV Medium Voltage DPL Development Policy Loan NGO Non-Government Organization EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and NPV Net Present Value Development EBITDA Earnings before Interest, Taxes, OBE Operating Basis Earthquake Depreciation, and Amortization ECA Europe and Central Asia O&M Operation and Maintenance EDB Eurasian Development Bank OP Operational Policy EC European Commission OPEC The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries EIB European Investment Bank PFMA Possible Failure Mode Analysis EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return PMC Project Management Consultant EPC Engineering, Procurement, and PMT Proxy Means Testing Construction EPP Emergency Preparedness Plan PoE Panel of Experts ii ESIA Environmental and Social Impact POM Project Operational Manual Assessment ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance PPA Power Purchase Agreement Program ESMP Environmental and Social Management PPSD Project Procurement Strategy Document Plan EU European Union PRG Project Realization Group EXIM Exports and Imports PSDI Plant Supply, Design, and Installation FIRR Financial Internal Rate of Return QCBS Quality and Cost Based Selection FM Financial Management RFB Request for Bids FMM Financial Management Manual SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition GBAO Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast SEE Safety Evaluation Earthquake GDP Gross Domestic Product SEP Social Engagement Plan GHG Greenhouse Gas SOE State-owned Enterprise GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism SSS Single-Source Selection GRS Grievance Redress Service TA Technical Assistance GWh Gigawatt-hour TALCO Tajik Aluminum Company HAP Hydropower Advancement Project TPP Thermal Power Plant HPP Hydropower plant TSA Targeted Social Assistance ICB International Competitive Bidding IDC Interest During Construction UN United Nations IFAC International Federation of Accountants UNDP United Nations Development Program IFI International Financial Institution USAID United States Agency for International Development IFR Intermediate un-audited Financial Report VECs Valued Environmental and Social Components IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards Regional Vice President: Cyril Muller Country Director: Lilia Burunciuc Senior Global Practice Director: Riccardo Puliti Practice Manager: Ranjit Lamech Task Team Leaders: Artur Kochnakyan, Takhmina Mukhamedova iii REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Project, Phase I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A. Country Context ............................................................................................................ 1 B. Sectoral and Institutional Context ................................................................................. 2 C. Higher Level Objectives to which the Project Contributes ........................................ 10 A. PDO............................................................................................................................. 11 B. Project Beneficiaries ................................................................................................... 11 C. PDO Level Results Indicators ..................................................................................... 12 A. Project Components .................................................................................................... 13 B. Project Financing ........................................................................................................ 15 C. Project Cost and Financing ......................................................................................... 15 A. Institutional and Implementation Arrangements ........................................................ 16 B. Results Monitoring and Evaluation ............................................................................ 18 C. Sustainability............................................................................................................... 18 D. Role of Partners........................................................................................................... 19 A. Overall Risk Rating and Explanation of Key Risks.................................................... 19 A. Economic and Financial Analysis ............................................................................... 22 B. Technical .................................................................................................................... 29 D. Procurement ................................................................................................................ 31 E. Social (Including Safeguards) ..................................................................................... 33 F. Environment (including Safeguards) .......................................................................... 35 G. Other Safeguards Policies Triggered .......................................................................... 35 iv H. World Bank Grievance Redress .................................................................................. 36 Map IBRD 42611……………………………………………………………………………...113 v PAD DATA SHEET Republic of Tajikistan Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Project Phase I (P150816) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA REGION ENERGY AND EXTRACTIVES GLOBAL PRACTICE Report No.: PAD1565 Basic Information Project ID EA Category Team Leader(s) P150816 B - Partial Assessment Artur Kochnakyan, Takhmina Mukhamedova Lending Instrument Fragile and/or Capacity Constraints [ ] Investment Project Financing Financial Intermediaries [ ] Series of Projects [ X ] Project Implementation Start Date Project Implementation End Date May 4, 2017 31-Dec-2023 Expected Effectiveness Date Expected Closing Date 01-Nov-2017 31-Dec-2023 Joint IFC No Senior Global Practice Practice Manager Country Director Regional Vice President Director Ranjit J. Lamech Riccardo Puliti Lilia Burunciuc Cyril E Muller Recipient: Republic of Tajikistan Responsible Agency: Ministry of Energy and Water Resources Contact: Usmonali Usmonzoda Title: Minister Telephone No.: 99237-235-35-66 Email: [email protected] Responsible Agency: OJSHC Barqi Tojik Contact: Mirzo Ismoilzoda Title: Chairman Telephone No.: 99237-235-87-66 Email: barki_tojik@tajnеt.соm Project Financing Data(in USD Million) [ ] Loan [ X] IDA Grant [ ] Guarantee [ X ] Credit [ ] Grant [ X ] Other vi Total Project Cost: 350.00 Total Bank Financing: 225.7 Other Financing: 100.00 Financing Gap: 24.30 Financing Source Amount International Development Association 169.135 (IDA) IDA Grant 56.565 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 60.00 (AIIB) Eurasian Development Bank 40.00 Total 325.70 Expected Disbursements (in USD Million) Fiscal 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Year Annual 2.00 36.00 22.00 50.00 60.00 40.00 15.70 Cumulati 2.00 38.00 60.00 110.00 170.00 210.00 225.70 ve Institutional Data Practice Area (Lead) Energy & Extractives Contributing Practice Areas Trade & Competitiveness, Water Proposed Development Objective(s) The project development objectives are to rehabilitate and restore the generating capacity of three power generating units of Nurek hydropower plant, improve their efficiency, and strengthen the safety of the Nurek dam. Components Component Name Cost (USD Millions) Rehabilitation of the three generating units, the key 310.00 infrastructural components of the plant, and replacement of auto-transformers Enhancement of dam safety 30.00 Technical assistance (TA) 10.00 Systematic Operations Risk- Rating Tool (SORT) Risk Category Rating 1. Political and Governance High vii 2. Macroeconomic High 3. Sector Strategies and Policies High 4. Technical Design of Project or Program Substantial 5. Institutional Capacity for Implementation and
Recommended publications
  • List of Dams and Reservoirs 1 List of Dams and Reservoirs
    List of dams and reservoirs 1 List of dams and reservoirs The following is a list of reservoirs and dams, arranged by continent and country. Africa Cameroon • Edea Dam • Lagdo Dam • Song Loulou Dam Democratic Republic of Congo • Inga Dam Ethiopia Gaborone Dam in Botswana. • Gilgel Gibe I Dam • Gilgel Gibe III Dam • Kessem Dam • Tendaho Irrigation Dam • Tekeze Hydroelectric Dam Egypt • Aswan Dam and Lake Nasser • Aswan Low Dam Inga Dam in DR Congo. Ghana • Akosombo Dam - Lake Volta • Kpong Dam Kenya • Gitaru Reservoir • Kiambere Reservoir • Kindaruma Reservoir Aswan Dam in Egypt. • Masinga Reservoir • Nairobi Dam Lesotho • Katse Dam • Mohale Dam List of dams and reservoirs 2 Mauritius • Eau Bleue Reservoir • La Ferme Reservoir • La Nicolière Reservoir • Mare aux Vacoas • Mare Longue Reservoir • Midlands Dam • Piton du Milieu Reservoir Akosombo Dam in Ghana. • Tamarind Falls Reservoir • Valetta Reservoir Morocco • Aït Ouarda Dam • Allal al Fassi Dam • Al Massira Dam • Al Wahda Dam • Bin el Ouidane Dam • Daourat Dam • Hassan I Dam Katse Dam in Lesotho. • Hassan II Dam • Idriss I Dam • Imfout Dam • Mohamed V Dam • Tanafnit El Borj Dam • Youssef Ibn Tachfin Dam Mozambique • Cahora Bassa Dam • Massingir Dam Bin el Ouidane Dam in Morocco. Nigeria • Asejire Dam, Oyo State • Bakolori Dam, Sokoto State • Challawa Gorge Dam, Kano State • Cham Dam, Gombe State • Dadin Kowa Dam, Gombe State • Goronyo Dam, Sokoto State • Gusau Dam, Zamfara State • Ikere Gorge Dam, Oyo State Gariep Dam in South Africa. • Jibiya Dam, Katsina State • Jebba Dam, Kwara State • Kafin Zaki Dam, Bauchi State • Kainji Dam, Niger State • Kiri Dam, Adamawa State List of dams and reservoirs 3 • Obudu Dam, Cross River State • Oyan Dam, Ogun State • Shiroro Dam, Niger State • Swashi Dam, Niger State • Tiga Dam, Kano State • Zobe Dam, Katsina State Tanzania • Kidatu Kihansi Dam in Tanzania.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rogun Complex: Public Roles and Historic Experiences of Dam-Building in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan
    Cahiers d’Asie centrale 25 | 2015 L’eau en Asie centrale The Rogun Complex: Public Roles and Historic Experiences of Dam-Building in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan Jeanne Féaux de la Croix and Mohira Suyarkulova Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/asiecentrale/3123 ISSN: 2075-5325 Publisher Éditions De Boccard Printed version Date of publication: 22 December 2015 Number of pages: 103-132 ISBN: 978-2-84743-131-5 ISSN: 1270-9247 Electronic reference Jeanne Féaux de la Croix and Mohira Suyarkulova, « The Rogun Complex: Public Roles and Historic Experiences of Dam-Building in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan », Cahiers d’Asie centrale [Online], 25 | 2015, Online since 22 December 2016, connection on 01 May 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ asiecentrale/3123 © Tous droits réservés 7KH5RJXQ&RPSOH[ 3XEOLF5ROHVDQG+LVWRULF([SHULHQFHVRI 'DP%XLOGLQJLQ7DMLNLVWDQDQG.\UJ\]VWDQ Jeanne )e$8;'(/$&52,; and Mohira 68<$5.8/29$* ,QWURGXFWLRQ Large hydraulic projects have long been associated with the quest for SRZHUWKHSRZHUWRFRQWUROWKHÀRZRIZDWHUDQGKDUQHVVLWVHQHUJ\WKH power to transform landscapes, turning ‘deserts into gardens,’ and also the power to mobilise large numbers of people as part of a state’s assertion of its * Dr. Jeanne Féaux de la Croix coordinates a junior research group on the cultural history of water at the University of Tübingen, Germany. Together with Mohira Suyarkulova, she manages the Volkswagen Foundation research project on the ‘social life’ of the Naryn/ Syr Darya. She held a number of research fellowships at the Centre of the Modern Orient (Berlin) after completing her PhD in Social Anthropology at St. Andrews University on the moral geographies of sites in Kyrgyzstan in 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Geophysical Monitoring Near Large Dams in Tajikistan
    Sobit Negmatullaev Geophysical Survey AS RT Geophysical Monitoring Near Large Dams in Tajikistan PEER Science Cycle 2 Geophysical Survey AS RT Dushanbe, [email protected] Sobit Negmatullaev 59 Shevchenko str., Dushanbe, Tajikistan [email protected] Dushanbe, 734025 Printed On: 4 December 2012 PEER Science Cycle 2 1 Sobit Negmatullaev Geophysical Survey AS RT Application Form Report Fields Project name* Geophysical Monitoring Near Large Dams in Tajikistan Total budget* $180,000.00 Country* Choose from the list of eligible countries. If your country is only listed in the special categories list, please choose "Special category" at the bottom of the list. Tajikistan Special categories (if applicable) Please check the category that applies. If your country is already listed as eligible (see above), it is not required that your project fall within one of these categories to be eligible for review. If none of these categories applies, you can leave this question answered or choose "none". None Primary field of research* Applicants are encouraged to consult the list of projects funded in Cycle 1 of PEER Science for examples of the topics and types of projects supported. Disaster mitigation If you chose "other", please list below your primary field of research. Proposals focused on basic science topics without clear relevance to USAID development objectives are strongly discouraged. N/A Secondary field of research Please list a secondary field of research, if any. Seismology Principal investigator* Sobit Negmatoullaev E-mail of principal investigator* [email protected] Telephone number* 992372219161 Printed On: 4 December 2012 PEER Science Cycle 2 2 Sobit Negmatullaev Geophysical Survey AS RT Co-PI(s) If any None Principal investigator's institution* Geophysical Survey of the Academy of Sciences of Republic of Tajikistan Address of principal investigator's institution* Sobit Negmatoullaev Director Geophysical Survey Academy of Sciences Republic of Tajikistan 59, Shevchenko Str.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Project Phase 2 Republic of Tajikistan
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Project Phase 2 Republic of Tajikistan May 2020 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Nurek HPP Rehabilitation Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of the ESIA ............................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Organization of the ESIA ....................................................................................................... 3 2 Project description .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Description of Nurek HPP ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2 The Project ............................................................................................................................ 7 Dam Safety ............................................................................................................... 9 Details of work to be performed ............................................................................. 9 Refurbishment
    [Show full text]
  • Rogun Dam—Path to Energy Independence Or Security Threat?
    Sustainability 2011, 3, 1573-1592; doi:10.3390/su3091573 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Article Rogun Dam—Path to Energy Independence or Security Threat? Bahtiyor R. Eshchanov 1,*, Mona Grinwis Plaat Stultjes 1, Sanaatbek K. Salaev 2 and Ruzumboy A. Eshchanov 2 1 Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Urgench State University, Hamid Alimjan street 14, Urgench, Khorezm 220100, Uzbekistan; E-Mails: [email protected] (R.A.E.); [email protected] (S.K.S.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +32-488-255-166. Received: 26 August 2011; in revised form: 10 September 2011 / Accepted: 14 September 2011 / Published: 22 September 2011 Abstract: The revitalization of the Rogun hydropower station project and launch of an Initial Public Offering has led the water-energy disputes between Tajikistan and Uzbekistan to a new stage. While two riparian states advocate their positions from their own perspective, it gives the impression of being a “prisoners’ dilemma” case from a regional cooperation point. This paper aims to review the decision of project revitalization from the unconventional security perspective, focusing mainly on its impact on Tajikistan. The scope will be limited to economic, energy, social and political security. The paper attempts to reveal the existing unconventional security threats and suggest possible solutions for the arising problems. Keywords: water-energy trade-off; unconventional security; opportunity costs; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Central Asia 1. Introduction How to adequately meet growing energy needs is a vital question for every nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Phase Ii Report (Draft Final): Project Definition Options Executive Summary
    OSHPC BARKI TOJIK TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR ROGUN HYDROELECTRIC CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PHASE II REPORT (DRAFT FINAL): PROJECT DEFINITION OPTIONS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TEAS for Rogun HPP Construction Project Phase II – Executive Summary TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR ROGUN HYDROELECTRIC CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PHASE II REPORT (DRAFT FINAL): PROJECT DEFINITION OPTIONS Executive Summary July 2014 Report No. P.002378 R P64 B 07/07/2014 Final version Various VLI LBO A 04/07/2014 First Emission Various VLI LBO Revision Date Subject of revision Drafted Checked Approved P.002378 RP 64 page 1 /31 TEAS for Rogun HPP Construction Project Phase II – Executive Summary CONTENTS SYNOPSIS .......................................................................................................................... 5 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 8 2 BRIEF PROJECT HISTORY ......................................................................................... 8 3 DESIGN APPROACH ................................................................................................... 9 4 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED ................................................................ 9 5 FACTORS CONSIDERED IN DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ..... 10 5.1 NATURAL CONDITIONS ............................................................................................. 10 5.1.1 Geology and Salt Wedge ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Examining the Role of Soft Power in the Case of the Rogun Dam
    www.water-alternatives.org Volume 9 | Issue 2 Menga, F. and Mirumachi, N. 2016. Fostering Tajik hydraulic development: Examining the role of soft power in the case of the Rogun Dam. Water Alternatives 9(2): 373-388 Fostering Tajik Hydraulic Development: Examining the Role of Soft Power in the Case of the Rogun Dam Filippo Menga University of Manchester, School of Environment, Education and Development, Manchester, UK; [email protected] Naho Mirumachi Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, UK; [email protected] ABSTRACT: Basin riparians are not equally endowed in their resources and capacity to control water within a shared international river basin. Beyond hydrological constraints and geographical positions, other less tangible factors such as discourses and narratives influence interactions among basin riparians for water resources control and river basin development, requiring further analytical refinement of the role of power. The analysis of discursive and ideological dimensions of power, or 'soft' power, in particular, enables insights to strategies and tactics of water control under conditions of power asymmetries between basin states. This paper examines the debate around the controversial large-scale Rogun Dam project on the Vakhsh River in Tajikistan, exploring how the exercise of 'soft' power can, and sometimes cannot, shape transboundary water outcomes over water allocation. By focusing on international diplomacy and narratives, the paper provides insights into the non- coercive ways in which hydraulic development is justified. In particular, it is shown how 'soft' power was utilised by the Tajik decision-makers to legitimise dam development both at the international and domestic levels.
    [Show full text]
  • I. the Rogun Dam in Context
    HUMAN RIGHTS “We Suffered When We Came Here” Rights Violations Linked to Resettlements for Tajikistan’s Rogun Dam WATCH “We Suffered When We Came Here” Rights Violations Linked to Resettlements for Tajikistan’s Rogun Dam Copyright © 2014 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-1470 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JUNE 2014 978-1-62313-1470 “We Suffered When We Came Here” Rights Violations Linked to Resettlements for Tajikistan’s Rogun Dam Summary and Key Recommendations .............................................................................. 1 Methodology ................................................................................................................ 17 I. The Rogun Dam in Context ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Rogun Dam: Regional Conflict and Opportunity
    2013 The Rogun Dam: Regional Conflict and Opportunity CENTRAL EURASIA STANDARD MAY 2013 Fresh water resources play an increasingly important role in the stability of economies and states. Population growth, climate change and industrial needs exacerbate demands for water so, as is the case with all fundamental natural resources, geopolitical concerns arise. The construction of the Rogun Dam in Tajikistan is a significant energy event for Central Asia and water conflict around the world. Our analysis identified four key indicators that will shape the dam’s reverberations: electricity and water supply, big personality, local politics and extreme weather. This paper will begin with a contextual review of water conflicts, Central Asia’s history with respect to water-energy issues, and the key players involved in the ongoing hostilities. It will then show how the indicators foreshadow escalating conflict between Uzbekistan and Tajikistan; heightened international attention; regional power balancing; and the necessary creation of unprecedented multilateral agreements. Impending Water Conflicts The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change announced that “water and its availability and quality will be the main pressure on and issue for societies and the environment under climate change.”1 Rising demand for water is projected to double every 20 years.2 USAID predicts that 2.8 billion people will be living in water scarce or stressed regions by 2025. Already, 50% of world’s hospital beds are occupied by people suffering from water-related diseases
    [Show full text]
  • The Handy Geography Answer Book
    HandyGeographySecondEd11:HandyWeatherAqua 1/27/09 6:48 AM Page 1 Tucci Rosenberg The world, its people, its countries, its history, the maps and more! THETHE ommandeer the family armchair and prepare for an THE HANDY GEOGRAPHY ANSWER BOOK Cincredibly cheap — yet oddly fulfilling — world tour with The Handy Geography Answer Book. You’ll learn the answers to more than 1,000 common and intriguing questions about the natural features of the HANDYHANDY world and the ever-changing mark humans make on our planet. It provides answers to such questions as … • What time is it in Antarctica? • Why was computing longitude so difficult? • What are the seven wonders of the modern world? GEOGRAPHY • What is the effect of global warming and climate change on Earth? • Which place in South America is part of the European Union? • Why has Afghanistan been contested and invaded so many times? • What countries have the most Internet usage? • What was George Washington’s involvement with geography? From common trivia questions — highest, ANSWERANSWER tallest, deepest, hottest, shortest, longest, oldest, Praise for the first edition … newest, and, of course, most improved — to “Reader-friendly. Leads the geographically geography’s influence on language, religion, illiterate along to a better understanding of architecture, migration, and population, and to what happened where and why. A great the impact of terrain on the location of countries reference.” and cities, The Handy Geography Answer Book —San Antonio Express-News includes information on virtually every topic “Top 10 Basic Geography Book” BOOK related to geography. With up-to-date maps and —About.com country information, this book let’s you bring SECOND EDITION the world home! ISBN 978-1-57859-215-9 90000 Paul A.
    [Show full text]
  • Tajikistan Country Report BTI 2018
    BTI 2018 Country Report Tajikistan This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2018. It covers the period from February 1, 2015 to January 31, 2017. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of political management in 129 countries. More on the BTI at http://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2018 Country Report — Tajikistan. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2018. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Contact Bertelsmann Stiftung Carl-Bertelsmann-Strasse 256 33111 Gütersloh Germany Sabine Donner Phone +49 5241 81 81501 [email protected] Hauke Hartmann Phone +49 5241 81 81389 [email protected] Robert Schwarz Phone +49 5241 81 81402 [email protected] Sabine Steinkamp Phone +49 5241 81 81507 [email protected] BTI 2018 | Tajikistan 3 Key Indicators Population M 8.7 HDI 0.627 GDP p.c., PPP $ 2980 Pop. growth1 % p.a. 2.2 HDI rank of 188 129 Gini Index 34.0 Life expectancy years 71.0 UN Education Index 0.663 Poverty3 % 20.0 Urban population % 26.9 Gender inequality2 0.322 Aid per capita $ 49.8 Sources (as of October 2017): The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2017 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2016. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $3.20 a day at 2011 international prices. Executive Summary In the period from 2015 to 2017, Tajikistan’s authoritarian retrenchment increased.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Rogun Dam on Downstream Uzbekistan Agriculture
    IMPACT OF ROGUN DAM ON DOWNSTREAM UZBEKISTAN AGRICULTURE A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By Shokhrukh-Mirzo Jalilov In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major Program: Natural Resources Management May 2010 Fargo, North Dakota ii ABSTRACT Jalilov, Shokhrukh-Mirzo, M.S., Natural Resources Management Program, College of Graduate and Interdisciplinary Studies, North Dakota State University, May 2010. Impact of Rogun Dam on Downstream Uzbekistan Agriculture. Major Professor: Dr. Dr. Tom M. DeSutter. Strains among the states of Central Asia caused by overuse of the region’s scarce water resources have been increasing in recent years. This is especially true for the relations between Tajikistan, upstream, and Uzbekistan, downstream, on the Amudarya River. Major controversy exists over constructing Rogun Dam on the Vakhsh River, a tributary of the Amudarya River. Construction of Rogun Dam, with a planned height of 335 m (1099 ft), began in 1976 but was stopped in 1991 with the breakup of the former Soviet Union. The intent of this dam is to supply Tajikistan with energy, but a side effect will be the changed flow regime of the Amudarya River to downstream states (especially Uzbekistan). The major impact will be on the agricultural sector of Uzbekistan. The objectives of this study are to estimate the monetary impacts of Rogun Dam and propose mitigation measures to minimize impacts. The study investigates the nature and extent of those impacts and indicates policy implications to mitigate negative consequences of the possible water shortage in summer by assessing the baseline situation and comparing that situation with future status-quo (no changes) level of water.
    [Show full text]