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The Handy Geography Answer Book HandyGeographySecondEd11:HandyWeatherAqua 1/27/09 6:48 AM Page 1 Tucci Rosenberg The world, its people, its countries, its history, the maps and more! THETHE ommandeer the family armchair and prepare for an THE HANDY GEOGRAPHY ANSWER BOOK Cincredibly cheap — yet oddly fulfilling — world tour with The Handy Geography Answer Book. You’ll learn the answers to more than 1,000 common and intriguing questions about the natural features of the HANDYHANDY world and the ever-changing mark humans make on our planet. It provides answers to such questions as … • What time is it in Antarctica? • Why was computing longitude so difficult? • What are the seven wonders of the modern world? GEOGRAPHY • What is the effect of global warming and climate change on Earth? • Which place in South America is part of the European Union? • Why has Afghanistan been contested and invaded so many times? • What countries have the most Internet usage? • What was George Washington’s involvement with geography? From common trivia questions — highest, ANSWERANSWER tallest, deepest, hottest, shortest, longest, oldest, Praise for the first edition … newest, and, of course, most improved — to “Reader-friendly. Leads the geographically geography’s influence on language, religion, illiterate along to a better understanding of architecture, migration, and population, and to what happened where and why. A great the impact of terrain on the location of countries reference.” and cities, The Handy Geography Answer Book —San Antonio Express-News includes information on virtually every topic “Top 10 Basic Geography Book” BOOK related to geography. With up-to-date maps and —About.com country information, this book let’s you bring SECOND EDITION the world home! ISBN 978-1-57859-215-9 90000 Paul A. Tucci and Matthew T. Rosenberg Geography/Travel/History Your Smart Reference™ $21.95 US, $23.95 Canadian 9 781578 592159 978-1-57859-215-9 Handy Geography FM 2/2/09 12:21 PM Page i About the Authors Paul A. Tucci is chief operating officer and partner at iwerk, inc., an innovative software developer and IT ser- vices corporation based in Michigan. He is also a partner in the private equity investment banking firm Cranbrook Partners, and is on the board of directors of the Rizlov Foundation, an organization that grants scholarships to students of classical music. Previously, Paul held senior executive management positions at leading global academ- ic information publishing companies, managing global sales and marketing and product innovation for 18 years. Tucci has traveled to and done business in more than half of the countries of the world, and is also the author of the book Traveling Every- where: How to Survive a Global Business Trip. He has lectured throughout the world and written extensively on global information development issues. He has also guest- lectured in international management, marketing, and culture at such institutions as the University of Michigan, Northwestern University, New York University, and INSEAD in Fountainbleau, France. A graduate of the University of Michigan, Tucci received a B.A. in international politics, with a concentration in international devel- opment, foreign relations, and languages. Matthew Todd Rosenberg studied geography at the University of California at Davis and earned a master’s at California State University, Northridge. He is the author of the first edition of The Handy Geography Answer Book, and also pub- lished The Geography Bee Complete Preparation Handbook. He has worked as an adjunct professor, a newspaper columnist, a city planner, and as a disaster manager for the Red Cross. His work in disaster relief took him all across America, as well as Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. His contributions to the science of geogra- phy earned him the Excellence in Media Award from the National Council for Geo- graphic Education. Handy Geography FM 2/2/09 12:21 PM Page ii Also from Visible Ink Press The Handy Anatomy Answer Book The Handy Physics Answer Book by James Bobick and Naomi Balaban by P. Erik Gundersen ISBN: 978-1-57859-190-9 ISBN: 978-1-57859-058-2 The Handy Answer Book for Kids (and The Handy Politics Answer Book Parents) by Gina Misiroglu by Judy Galens and Nancy Pear ISBN: 978-1-57859-139-8 ISBN: 978-1-57859-110-7 The Handy Religion Answer Book The Handy Astronomy Answer Book by John Renard by Charles Liu ISBN: 978-1-57859-125-1 ISBN: 978-1-57859-193-0 The Handy Science Answer Book™, The Handy Biology Answer Book Centennial Edition by James Bobick, Naomi Balaban, by The Science and Technology Sandra Bobick and Laurel Roberts Department Carnegie Library of ISBN: 978-1-57859-150-3 Pittsburgh ISBN: 978-1-57859-140-4 The Handy Geology Answer Book by Patricia Barnes-Svarney and The Handy Sports Answer Book Thomas E Svarney by Kevin Hillstrom, Laurie Hillstrom ISBN: 978-1-57859-156-5 and Roger Matuz ISBN: 978-1-57859-075-9 The Handy History Answer Book, 2nd Edition The Handy Supreme Court Answer Book by Rebecca Nelson Ferguson by David L Hudson, Jr. ISBN: 978-1-57859-170-1 ISBN: 978-1-57859-196-1 The Handy Math Answer Book The Handy Weather Answer Book, by Patricia Barnes-Svarney and Second Edition Thomas E Svarney by Kevin S. Hile ISBN: 978-1-57859-171-8 ISBN: 978-1-57859-215-9 The Handy Ocean Answer Book by Patricia Barnes-Svarney and Thomas E Svarney ISBN: 978-1-57859-063-6 Visit us at www.visibleink.com Handy Geography FM 2/9/09 1:22 PM Page iii THE HANDY GEOGRAPHY ANSWER BOOK SECOND EDITION Paul A. Tucci Matthew T. Rosenberg Detroit Handy Geography FM 2/2/09 12:21 PM Page iv THE Copyright © 2009 by Visible Ink Press® This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair HANDY competition, and other applicable laws. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permis- sion in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes GEOGRAPHY to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclu- sion in a magazine, newspaper, or website. ANSWER All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended. Visible Ink Press® 43311 Joy Rd., #414 BOOK Canton, MI 48187-2075 Visible Ink Press is a registered trademark of Visible Ink Press LLC. Most Visible Ink Press books are available at special quantity dis- counts when purchased in bulk by corporations, organizations, or groups. Customized printings, special imprints, messages, and excerpts can be produced to meet your needs. For more information, contact Special Markets Director, Visible Ink Press, www.visibleink.com, or 734-667-3211. Managing Editor: Kevin S. Hile Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski Typesetting: Marco Di Vita Proofreader: Amy Marcaccio Keyser ISBN 978-1-57859-215-9 Cover image of Peru by Paul Tucci. All other images from iStock.com. All images in this book that are not otherwise credited are also from iStock.com. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Tucci, Paul A., 1962– The handy geography answer book / Paul A. Tucci and Matthew T. Rosenberg. — 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-57859-215-9 1. Geography—Miscellanea. I. Rosenberg, Matthew T. (Matthew Todd), 1973- II. Title. G131.R68 2009 910—dc22 2008052156 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Handy Geography FM 2/2/09 12:21 PM Page v Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii INTRODUCTION viii DEFINING THE CLIMATE … 61 WORLD … 1 Definitions … The Atmosphere … Ozone … Definitions and History … The Earth … Climactic Trends … Weather … Wind Continents and Islands … High, Low, Big, Small, and Wondrous … Human Civilization … People and Countries HAZARDS AND DISASTERS … 73 Volcanoes … Earthquakes … Tsunamis … MAPS … 19 Hurricanes … Floods … Tornadoes … History and Instruments … Latitude and Lightning … Other Hazards and Disasters Longitude … Reading and Using Maps … Modern Mapping TRANSPORTATION AND URBAN GEOGRAPHY … 91 THE PHYSICAL Cities and Suburbs … Urban Structures … ENVIRONMENT … 33 Air Transportation … Roads and Railways … The Earth’s Materials and Internal Sea Transportation Processes … Natural Resources … Landscapes and Ecosystems … Asteroids and Near Earth Objects POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY … 105 Colonies and Expansionism … The United WATER AND ICE … 43 Nations … NATO and the Cold War … The Oceans and Seas … Rivers and Lakes … World Today … Colonies and Expansionism Precipitation … Glaciers and Fjords … … The World Economy Controlling Water v Handy Geography FM 2/2/09 12:21 PM Page vi CULTURAL RUSSIA AND EASTERN GEOGRAPHY … 117 EUROPE … 201 Population … Language and Religion … Russia and the Former Soviet States … Dealing with Hazards … Cultures around Eastern Europe the World ASIA … 213 TIME, CALENDARS, AND China and Middle Asia … The Indian SEASONS … 127 Subcontinent … Japan and the Korean Time Zones … Daylight Savings Time … Peninsula … Southeast Asia … The Keeping Time … Calendars … The Seasons Philippines and Indonesia EXPLORATION … 139 MIDDLE EAST … 235 Europe and Asia … Africa … The New World The Land and History … Religion … … The Poles Conflicts and Nations … People, Countries, and Cities UNITED STATES OF AMERICA … 149 AFRICA … 249 Physical Features and Resources … The Physical Features and Resources … History States … Cities and Counties … People and … People, Countries and Cities Culture … History OCEANIA AND NORTH AND CENTRAL ANTARCTICA … 261 AMERICA … 167 Oceania … Australia … New Zealand … Greenland and the North Pole Region … Antarctica Canada … Mexico … Central America … The West Indies COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD 271 SOUTH AMERICA … 177 MAPSOFTHEWORLD 368 Physical Features and Resources … History INDEX 385 … People, Countries, and Cities For a list of Internet websites and further resources, visit The Handy Geography WESTERN EUROPE … 189 Answer Book page at visibleink.com. Physical Features and Resources … vi History … People, Countries, and Cities Handy Geography FM 2/2/09 12:21 PM Page vii Acknowledgments I am grateful to Roger Jänecke, publisher of Visible Ink Press, for first approaching me and then inspiring me to write the second edition of this book.
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