Tillerson Hails Kuwait's Role in Resolving Gulf Crisis
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MICRO-STATES in the INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM The
MICRO-STATES IN THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM The Challenge of Sovereignty by JOHN BARRY BARTMANN In submission for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The London School of Economics and Political Science The University of London UMI Number: U615182 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615182 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 l WCL£ S F 7 4-Fo ABSTRACT The last forty years have witnessed a proliferation of veiy small states, or micro- atates with populations of approximately one million or less. Most of these states are developing economies but in recent years even the smallest European micro-states have won acceptance in the councils of the organised international system. This study is a comprehensive examination of the international relations of these states in three principal areas of concern: issues of status and legitimacy; the conduct of diplomacy and the efforts of micro-states to achieve strategies of self-reliant economic development. While the research has confirmed the vulnerabilities of micro-states in all three areas which have been stressed in the literature of the last decade, it also reveals surprising opportunities for some micro-states to ameliorate their weaknesses and to achieve a constructive engagements within the international system. -
Civil Wars Spoiling the Peace? Peace Process Exclusivity and Political
This article was downloaded by: [Blaydes, Lisa] On: 28 June 2010 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 923425670] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Civil Wars Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713634578 Spoiling the Peace? Peace Process Exclusivity and Political Violence in North-Central Africa Lisa Blaydesa; Jennifer De Maiob a Stanford University, b California State University, Online publication date: 28 June 2010 To cite this Article Blaydes, Lisa and De Maio, Jennifer(2010) 'Spoiling the Peace? Peace Process Exclusivity and Political Violence in North-Central Africa', Civil Wars, 12: 1, 3 — 28 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/13698249.2010.484896 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2010.484896 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. -
Sahrawi Women in the Liberation Struggle of the Sahrawi People Author(S): Anne Lippert Source: Signs, Vol
Sahrawi Women in the Liberation Struggle of the Sahrawi People Author(s): Anne Lippert Source: Signs, Vol. 17, No. 3 (Spring, 1992), pp. 636-651 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3174626 Accessed: 18/05/2010 18:01 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucpress. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Signs. http://www.jstor.org REVISIONS / REPORTS SahrawiWomen in the Liberation Struggle of the SahrawiPeople Anne Lippert Introduction - T H R O U G H T H E I R R O LE S in the currentliberation strug- gle of the Sahrawisof WesternSahara, Sahrawi women have substantiallyincreased their traditionalparticipation and im- portance in that society. -
1 Western Sahara As a Hybrid of A
ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE Western Sahara as a Hybrid of a Parastate and a State-in-exile: (Extra)territoriality and the Small Print of Sovereignty in a Context of Frozen Conflict AUTHORS Fernandez-Molina, I; Ojeda-García, R JOURNAL Nationalities Papers - The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity DEPOSITED IN ORE 30 October 2018 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34557 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication Western Sahara as a Hybrid of a Parastate and a State-in-exile: (Extra)territoriality and the Small Print of Sovereignty in a Context of Frozen Conflict Irene Fernández Molina, University of Exeter Raquel Ojeda-García, University of Granada Abstract This paper argues that the “declarative” parastate of the SADR claiming sovereignty over Western Sahara is better understood as a hybrid between a parastate and a state-in-exile. It relies more on external, “international legal sovereignty”, than on internal, “Westphalian” and “domestic” sovereignty. While its Algerian operational base in the Tindouf refugee camps makes the SADR work as a primarily extraterritorial state-in-exile de facto, its maintaining control over one quarter of Western Sahara’s territory proper allows it to at least partially meet the requirements for declarative statehood de jure. Many case-specific nuances surround the internal sovereignty of the SADR in relation to criteria for statehood, i.e. -
Uprising Commander, His Wife Shot Dead
Eye on the News [email protected] Truthful, Factual and Unbiased Vol:XI Issue No:103 Price: Afs.20 www.afghanistantimes.af www.facebook.com/ afghanistantimeswww.twitter.com/ afghanistantimes THURSDAY . NOVEMBER 09. 2017 -Aqrab 18, 1396 HS AT News Report AT News Report KABUL: At least 39 militants were killed and 19 others were KABUL: President Ashraf Ghani, wounded in different crackdowns and the Vice President of the within past 24 hours. United States, Mike Pence had a In a statement, ministry of telephonic conversation on defense said that Afghan National Tuesday evening, in which both Army with the cooperation of the were killed. Residents said that a The US military has rejected US airstrike targeted a gathering of any civilian casualties during their sides discussed key issues, Afghan National Police and including topics of mutual and National Directorate of Security civilians on the weekend in the air raid. “United States Forces- unsafe district of Char Dara, killing Afghanistan (USFOR-A) has regional interests, the Presidential conducted joint operations against Palace said in a statement. Government and people. insurgents in different areas of at least 10 and wounding scores investigated allegations of civilian President Ghani thanked the more. casualties in Kunduz province According to the statement, Nangarhar, Ghazni, Logar, the two sides exchanged views Government and people of the Kandahar, Zabul, Balkh, Jawzjan, “Credible reports that at least during the period of November 3 United States for assisting the 10 civilians killed in Kunduz and 4; no evidence of civilian over topics of mutual and regional Faryab, Kunduz, Baghlan, interests. -
SUPREME COURT of PAKISTAN, ISLAMABAD FINAL CAUSE LIST 13 of 2018 from 26-Mar to 30-Mar-2018 for Fixation and Result of Cases, Please Visit
SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN, ISLAMABAD FINAL CAUSE LIST 13 of 2018 From 26-Mar to 30-Mar-2018 For fixation and result of cases, please visit www.supremecourt.gov.pk The following cases are fixed for hearing before the Court at Islamabad during the week commencing 26-Mar-2018 at 09:00 AM or soon thereafter as may be convenient to the Court. (i) No application for adjournment through fax/email will be placed before the Court. If any counsel is unable to appear for any reason, the Advocate-on-Record will be required to argue the case. (ii) No adjournment on any ground will be granted. BENCH - I MR. JUSTICE MIAN SAQIB NISAR, HCJ MR. JUSTICE UMAR ATA BANDIAL MR. JUSTICE IJAZ UL AHSAN Monday, 26-Mar-2018 1 C.A.1178/2008 Haji Baz Muhammad and another v. Noor Mr. Abdus Salim Ansari, AOR (Qta) (Specific Performance) Ali and another (Enrl#229) (D.B.) Mr. Kamran Murtaza, ASC (Qta) (Enrl#2333) Mr. Rizwan Ejaz, ASC (Enrl#4107) (Qta) R Ex-Parte Mr. Ahmed Nawaz Chaudhry, AOR (Enrl#243) Mr. Zulfikar Khalid Maluka, ASC (Ibd) (Enrl#2752) 2 C.A.182-P/2013 Muhammad Fateh Khan & others v. Land Mr. Tasleem Hussain, AOR (Pesh) (Land Acquisition) Acquisition Collector Swabi Scarp, (Enrl#187) (S.J.) WAPDA Mardan & others Muhammad Asif Khan, ASC Mir Adam Khan, AOR (Enrl#185) (Pesh) Mr. Mahmudul Islam, AOR (Lhr) (Enrl#177) Mr. Aurangzeb Mirza, ASC (Lhr) (Enrl#2706) and(2) C.A.194-P/2013 Nawabzada Mohammad Usman Khan v. Mr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan, AOR (Pesh) (Land Acquisition) Land Acquisition Collector Swabi Scarp, (Enrl#225) (S.J.) Mardan & others Mr. -
The Handy Geography Answer Book
HandyGeographySecondEd11:HandyWeatherAqua 1/27/09 6:48 AM Page 1 Tucci Rosenberg The world, its people, its countries, its history, the maps and more! THETHE ommandeer the family armchair and prepare for an THE HANDY GEOGRAPHY ANSWER BOOK Cincredibly cheap — yet oddly fulfilling — world tour with The Handy Geography Answer Book. You’ll learn the answers to more than 1,000 common and intriguing questions about the natural features of the HANDYHANDY world and the ever-changing mark humans make on our planet. It provides answers to such questions as … • What time is it in Antarctica? • Why was computing longitude so difficult? • What are the seven wonders of the modern world? GEOGRAPHY • What is the effect of global warming and climate change on Earth? • Which place in South America is part of the European Union? • Why has Afghanistan been contested and invaded so many times? • What countries have the most Internet usage? • What was George Washington’s involvement with geography? From common trivia questions — highest, ANSWERANSWER tallest, deepest, hottest, shortest, longest, oldest, Praise for the first edition … newest, and, of course, most improved — to “Reader-friendly. Leads the geographically geography’s influence on language, religion, illiterate along to a better understanding of architecture, migration, and population, and to what happened where and why. A great the impact of terrain on the location of countries reference.” and cities, The Handy Geography Answer Book —San Antonio Express-News includes information on virtually every topic “Top 10 Basic Geography Book” BOOK related to geography. With up-to-date maps and —About.com country information, this book let’s you bring SECOND EDITION the world home! ISBN 978-1-57859-215-9 90000 Paul A. -
The Unfinished Referendum Process in Western Sahara
The Unfinished Referendum Process in Western Sahara By Terhi Lehtinen Terhi Lehtinen is the Programme Officer at the European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM), Onze Lieve Vrouweplein 21, 6211 HE Maastricht, The Netherlands; Tel: +31 43 350 2923; Fax: +31 43 350 2902; E-mail [email protected] Abstract The Western Saharan conflict, between Morocco and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario), has constituted a major threat to regional stability in North Africa since the Spanish decolonisation in 1975. The war has cost thousands of lives, with prisoners of war taken on both sides, and forced Morocco to construct a huge fortified wall in the Sahara. The conflicting parties have a fundamental disagreement on the status of Sahara; Morocco claims its marocanity based on the region’s historical ties with Moroccan dynasties. In contrast, the Polisario fights for the Sahrawi people’s right to self-determination, bolstered by Organization of African Unity (OAU) principles and United Nations (UN) resolutions. However, the underlying dispute concerns the control of the region’s rich phosphate and fish resources. The UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (Minurso) has played the major role in the organisation of the referendum for self-determination, delayed several times due to disagreement on the voter identification and registration. In January 2001, the Polisario declared the end of the ceasefire, effective since 1991, due to Morocco’s failure to respect the agreed principles. The political settlement of the dispute remains difficult to achieve and frustration on the ground is increasing. -
SUPREME COURT of PAKISTAN (Original Jurisdiction)
SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN (Original Jurisdiction) Present : Mr. Justice Gulzar Ahmed Mr. Justice Sardar Tariq Masood Mr. Justice Faisal Arab Criminal Original Petition No.09 of 2018 {Suo Moto Contempt Proceedings initiated against Mr. Talal Chaudhry, State Minster on account of derogatory and contemptuous speeches/statements at public gathering in respect of this Hon’ble Court telecasted by different T.V. Channels} For the alleged : Mr. Kamran Murtaza, Sr. ASC Contemnor Syed Rifaqat Hussain Shah, AOR : For the State Ch. Aamir Rehman, Additional A.G. assisted by Barrister Asad Rahim Khan Date of hearing : 11.07.2018. O R D E R Gulzar Ahmed, J.:- On 01.02.2018, the Registrar of this Court had put up a note to the Hon’ble Chief Justice of Pakistan, the contents of the note are as follows:- “PUC are press clippings dated 13.09.2017, 14.01.2018, 20.01.2018 whereby statements were reported and transcripts of speeches at public gathering dated 24.01.2018 & 27.01.2018 telecast by different TV channels pertaining to Mr. Talal Chaudhry, State Minster. The statements are contemptuous and derogatory in respect of this Hon’ble Court with special reference to the decision of this Court dated 28.07.2017 passed in Constitution Petition 29/2016 etc. The words used constitute interference with and obstruction of the process of the Court as well as aimed at belittling the stature of the Apex Court. It is prima facie Contempt of Court in terms of Article 204 of the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan read with Section 3 of the Contempt of Court Ordinance, 2003. -
Senate Passes GIDC Bill Page NO.01 Col NO.02
Senate passes GIDC bill Page NO.01 Col NO.02 AAMIR SAEED ISLAMABAD: The Senate Tuesday passed ‘The Gas Infrastructure Development Cess (amendment) Bill 2018’ with a majority vote to collect Rs12 billion from CNG stations that is half of the cess payable to the government by them. State Minister for Finance Rana Afzal Khan presented the bill in the House while members of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf and Muttahida Qaumi Movement-Pakistan opposed it and also staged a token walkout. The minister said the CNG stations through All Pakistan CNG Association have agreed with the government to pay approximately half of the cess payable pertaining to the period from January 2012 to May 2015 amounting to Rs12 billion. He said that hundreds of court cases pertaining to the matter are already pending with different courts but now the CNG sector has come up with a plausible solution of the matter. PTI Senator Azam Swati, however, said the CNG stations had collected Rs62 billion from consumers while they agreed to pay a meagre Rs12 billion to the government. He along with other members requested the chair either to defer the bill or send it back to a relevant standing committee for review as he alleged that some owners of CNG stations were lobbying the lawmakers to get the bill passed. The state minister for finance admitted that people linked to the CNG sector were lobbying for the passage of the bill because they think the government should give them an incentive before expiry of its term. He, however, expressed his ignorance about involvement of any corruption in the matter and suggested Deputy Chairman Senate Saleem Mandviwalla to send the matter to National Accountability of Bureau (NAB) for investigation if there is a matter of any corruption in it. -
O Stav K 1. 1. 2004
2004.01.01 Abcházsko Abcházská republika Státní zřízení: nezávislá demokratická republika Nejvyšší představitel: prezident republiky Vladislav ARDZINBA předseda Nejvyšší rady Abcházské autonomní republiky Tamaz NADAREIŠVILI Zákonodárná moc: Lidové shromáždění s 65 členy Nejvyšší rada Abcházské autonomní republiky Výkonná moc: rada ministrů (Raul CHADŽIMBA) ministr zahraničí Sergej ŠAMBA exilová vláda Abcházské autonomní republiky (Londer TSAAVA) Soudní moc: Nejvyšší soud Správní rozdělení: 5 okresů Adygsko Adygská republika Státní zřízení: svrchovaná republika v rámci Ruské federace Nejvyšší představitel: prezident republiky Chazrat Medžidovič SOVMEN Zákonodárná moc: Nejvyšší rada (Jevgenij Ivanovič SALOV) Výkonná moc: vláda (Chazrat Junusovič CHAUDE) Soudní moc: Nejvyšší soud Správní rozdělení: 7 okresů a 2 města Adžarsko Adžarská autonomní republika Gruzie Státní zřízení: autonomní republika v rámci Gruzie Nejvyšší představitel: hlava státu a předseda Nejvyšší rady Aslan Ibraimis dze ABAŠIDZE Zákonodárná moc: Nejvyšší rada (Verchovnyj Sovjet) Výkonná moc: rada ministrů (Rezo ŠAMILIŠVILI) Soudní moc: Nejvyšší soud Správní rozdělení: 5 okresů a 2 města Afghánistán Islámská republika Afghánistán Státní zřízení: nezávislý, jednotný a nedělitelný stát Nejvyšší představitel: prezident republiky Hamíd KARZÁÍ Zákonodárná moc: Národní shromáždění, sestávající ze Sněmovny starších (Meshrano Jirgal) a Sněmovny lidu (Wolesi Jirgal) s 220-250 členy Velká rada (Loya Jirga, Sibghatulláh MUDŽADÍDÍ) s 502 členy Výkonná moc: vláda, které předsedá ex-offo -
Rulings of the Chair (1999-2017)
1037(18)NA. On PC-9 By Shoaib.M NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF PAKISTAN RULINGS OF THE CHAIR 1999-2017 i Copyright: © 2017 by National Assembly Secretariat, Islamabad. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any mean, or stored in data base or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. Title: Rulings of the Chair Compiled, emended Muhammad Saleem Khan & edited by: Deputy Secretary (Legislation) Abdul Majeed Senior Official Reporter (English) Composing & Designing Layout Javed Ahamad Data Processing Assistant Copies: 500 Printed: Pakistan Printing ii PREFACE Rulings, decisions and observations made by the Chair from time to time on different issues play important role in the parliamentary history. They set precedent which gives guidance to subsequent Speakers, members and officers. The instant publication “Rulings of the Chair” consists of decisions taken by the Chair extracted and compiled from the printed debates of the National Assembly for the years 1999-2017.These decisions either involve an interpretation of rule or conduct or any new situation, seeking clarification or ruling of the Chair. Previous compilation “Decisions of the Chair” covers decisions/rulings of the Chair from 1947-1999. For the facility of the reader and to locate the Rulings subject-wise and for ready reference a table of contents and an exhaustive index has been added to the said publication. We are deeply indebted to honourable Sardar Ayaz Sadiq, Speaker, National Assembly, Secretary, Ministry of Law and Justice, Mr. Karamat Hussain Niazi, Special Secretary, Mr. Qamar Sohail Lodhi and Mr. Muhammad Mushtaq Additional Secretary(Legislation) National Assembly Secretariat, who took personal interest in the accomplishment of this difficult task.