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Impact of Nanotechnology on New Instrumentation Impact of Nanotechnology on New Instrumentation Barbara Foster The Microscopy & Imaging Place, Inc Microscopy/Microscopy Education (MME) www.MicroscopyEducation.com [email protected] • Foster, B., "Focus on Microscopy: Pittcon Gives New Eyes to Chemistry," Am Lab, April 2008 • Foster, B., "Focus on Microscopy: Faster, Smaller, More Economical Imaging Tools at SPIE 2007, The Effect of Nanotechnology,“ Am Lab News, Nov/Dec 2007 • Caveats: No commercial interest Apologies to anyone we missed (PDFs of articles and this paper available in The Library at www.MicroscopyEducation.com) 2 Three key topics • Desktop SEMs – a new product category • Collision between spectroscopy & imaging • Extension of light microscopy into the nano world 3 General trends • Smaller footprints • Simpler design • Easier to use Lab-to-Fab/research to routine transition Ideal for students Routine work: QA/QC, quick check in manufacturing • Expanded analytical capabilities •Muchmore economical 4 Desktop SEMs 1. Evex MiniSEM 2. FEI Phenom 3. Hitachi T1000* 4. Jeol/Nikon NeoScope 5. NovelX MySEM 5 Desktop SEMs– a new product category • Fills the magnification gap between LM and SEM LM – up to about 1000x useful magnification EM – 20,000X and higher • Adds 3-dimensionality L: Light microscopy, Diatome R: SEM, Diatome (14,000x) Images courtesy: FEI 6 Desktop SEMs • Magnifications from 20x to 120,000x • 3D imaging • Easy to use Great for students, quick checks in QA/QC • Economical $50-80K, on average No need for highly trained operators or special EM suites • “Horses for courses” Expect reasonable imaging but not all the bells and whistles Clarify your requirements before you purchase 7 Desktop SEMs Evex FEI Hitachi JEOL/Nikon NovelX MiniSEM Phenom T1000 NeoScope MySEM Mag. 2000-120,000 LM:20x fixed 20x-10,000x 10x-20,000x 250x-65,000x (Dig zoom: 4x) EM:120x-20,000x (Dig Zoom: 2,4x) (Dig Zoom: 12x) Accelerating 1- ~ 30kV 5 kV 15 kV 5 – 10 – 15 kV 0.5-2 kV Voltage (3 position switch) Imaging SE, BSE, EDS BSE BSE SE, BSE SE, BSE, Topo Modes (Compositional & *Standard Topo) *Charge reductn. Vacuum High vac Hi vac in column* High vac Hi and low vacuum 10-4 torr* modes (MEMs column) Source W CeB6 W W W Sample size 25 mm diam 700 mm diam 700 mm diam 100x60 mm 30 mm thick 20 mm thick 50 mm thick 25 mm thick EDX 9 9 Other NeverLost Nav Touch screen WWW Mini-sem.com phenom- nikoninstruments. www.novelx.com world.com com 8 COLLISION Spectroscopy & Microscopy Spectroscopy+Imaging Familiar with elemental analysis available through EDX, WDS, PEELs, EELS, etc New instrumentation extends chemical analysis to molecular analysis • Fluorescence (FLIM, FRET)* • FT-IR • Raman • X-ray * 10 FT-IR + Microscopy • Light from the microscope impinges on the surface of the material of interest and undergoes total internal reflection • In the process of reflecting, the beam generates a small, evanescent field which penetrates the material. If that material absorbs this e n e r g y, the intensity for the reflected beam is reduced or attenuated (Attenuated Total Reflectance). • This absorption is selective, dependent on the materials’ chemistry. • Scanning attenuated reflected beam over a specific wavelength region (2500–16,250 nm or 4000 to 650cm-1) produces a spectrum that provides a specific molecular fingerprint for that material. Smiths Detection 11 Target Æ Measure (IlluminatIR) Locate glass particle in oil (No contact) Spectrum of oil Mixed spectrum – oil + glass Pure spectrum, glass 12 FTIR – Smiths Detection Key differences: IlluminatIR II IlluminatIR SL Objectives ARO Slide-on diamond converts ATR one ARO Æ ATR obj. Control SW SynchronizIR ™ SynchronizIR ™ ID SW ChemID SpectrAssist ChemID SpectrAssist ATR Lib optional Not incl Thermal microscopy optional no Microscope BX51/61 BX41 Imaging Modes All conventional TL only Other: Raman interface no Pricing $65K+ ~$55K 13 Raman Confocal • Like FT-IR: another Vibrational Spectroscopy Inelastic scattering • Compliments FT-IR FT-IR does not work well with materials exhibiting strong O-H or N-H effects; Raman does • The Challenges: Very weak signal! (10-4 of fluorescence; 10-7 or 10-8 of ambient) Often in same spectral range as fluorescence 14 Ion diffusion across a polymer membrane 9 9 Triflate in water (anion) Trifluoromethane sulfonate Note peaks at 766 nm and 1034 nm for un-coordinated anion 9 Li+ triflate complex at varying depths 9 Li+ doped p(EtO) cast on vanadium oxide ceramic > d Mobile cation: Li+ Anion: Triflate Images courtesy of Horiba/JY 15 THERMO DXR 16 Renishaw • LM • EM (Raman-SCA) • SPM • FT-IR www.Renishaw.com/Raman 17 Horiba-JY Explora • Lab Ram high resolution Raman Confocal • XPlora 18 Horiba-JY Raman • Raman Confocal + FT-IR (Aramis) • Raman Confocal + SPM (NanoRaman) TERS http://www.jobinyvon.com/Raman 19 WiTEC www.Witec.com 20 Light Microscopy goes Nano Agilent’s iMIC 22 iMIC – “Intelligent” Microscope iMIC2000 iMIC2000 iMIC2000 iMIC2000 Image splitter Image splitter Image splitter iMIC 2010 iMIC 2010 iMIC 2010 (FRET, optional) (FRET, optional) Mode Switch Mode Switch iMIC 2020 iMIC 2020 Fiber coupled laser Fiber coupled laser Scan Head iMIC 2030 Regular FL + FRET+ FL + TIRF + FL + TIRF+ FRAP + Fluorescence Ratioing Optional FRAP optional FLIP, laser dissection 23 CytoViva • NOT Darkfield True resolution:~90nm • ***Not just detection Excellent optical sectioning Superb S/N Self luminous objects with less halo-ing Can be used stand alone or with Fluorescence • Where did the drug go? Movies: www.CytoViva.com 24 Sarfus • Sarfus “Surf” Multi-layer dielectrics Used with DIC Increase axial sensitivity by factor of 100x Measures Z on order of 10s of nm Surf+ calibration system + measurement software • Multiple surfaces available Standard, hydrophobic, customized top layers (metals, oxides, fluorides, polymers or customized substrates) • Locator Surf 10mm x 10mm grid with 3x3 arrays of 100 μm cells nested within a 20x20 array of 400 μm cells; each addressable via binary notation Provides precise positioning for nano objects Can be used for LM, AFM, Raman, Xray photoelectron spectrosocopy and selected ion (SIM) experiments 25 Sarfus • Double walled CNT, 50nm diam. (DIC) (Image courtesy of Micro Photonics) 26 Sarfus • Liquid Crystal 4-n-octyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (“8CB”) At Smectic/nematic transition temperature a single droplet spreads to form steps of regular heights on the order of tens of nm (DIC) (Image courtesy of Micro Photonics) 27 Thanks to…. • Joe Fillion, FEI, Steve Berger, ex FEI (Phenom) • Shannon Richard, Smiths Detection (IlluminatIR and SL) • Harald Fischer, Witec • Peter Tarquino, Evex (MiniSEM) • Lin Chandler, Horiba (FLIM) • Mike Metzger, Nikon (NeoScope) • Mark Wall & Steve McQueen, Thermo (DXR) 28 The Microscopy & Imaging Place, Inc Barbara Foster: [email protected] www.MicroscopyEducation.com.
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