VOL. 41, NO. 3 (Issue 139) SOCIAL JUSTICE is a nonprofit educational journal, a project of Global Options.S OCIAL JUSTICE (ISSN: 1043–1578), formerly Crime and Social Justice (ISSN: 0094–7571), incorporates Issues in Criminology (ISSN: 0021–2385) and Contemporary Marxism (ISSN: 0193–8703). Please send all business and editorial-related correspondence to: SOCIAL JUSTICE, P.O. Box 40601, San Francisco, CA 94140. e-mail: [email protected]. www.socialjusticejournal.org Co-Managing Editors: Stefania De Petris and Gregory Shank Editorial Board: Adalberto Aguirre, Gilberto Arriaza, Andreana Clay, Alessandro De Giorgi, Emma Fuentes, Susanne Jonas, Susan Roberta Katz, Shabnam Koirala-Azad, Edward McCaughan, Margo Okazawa-Rey, Julia Oparah, Cecilia O’Leary, Tony Platt, Dylan Rodriguez, and Robert P. Weiss Advisory Board: Alejandro Alvarez, Hadar Aviram, Gregg Barak, Marie Bertrand, Gill Boehringer, Pablo Gonzalez Casanova, Christopher Chase-Dunn, Leonidas K. Cheliotis, Noam Chomsky, John Clarke, Mike Davis, Julius Debro, Volker Eick, Luis Nieves Falcón, David Friedrichs, Tetsuya Fujimoto, John Galliher, Gil Geis, David Greenberg, Bernard Headley, Rafael Hernández, Raúl Hinojosa, John Horton, Martha Huggins, Drew Humphries, Michael Huspek, June Kress, Thomas Mathiesen, Patrice McSherry, Marty Miller, Pedro Noguera, Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja, Pat O’Malley, Wendy Mink, Krustyo Petkov, James Petras, Gerda Ray, Nancy Scheper-Hughes, Herman Schwendinger, Jonathan Simon, Nancy Stein, Paul T. Takagi, Rodolfo Torres, Margarita Viera, Carlos Vilas, Immanuel Wallerstein, Geoff Ward, Hilbourne A. Watson, Devra Weber, Rob White, and David Williams SUBSCRIPTIONS: Published quarterly. One year individual: $48 (domestic), $52 (foreign). One year institutional: $136 (domestic), $148 (foreign). Single copies: $14.95; double issues $18.95. Shipping and handling are extra. Back issues dating to 1986 are available in print. All recent issues and articles are also available in digital form on our website (at www.socialjusticejournal.org). TRADE DISTRIBUTORS: Ubiqity Distributors, 607 Degraw St., Brooklyn, NY 11217 AK Press, 674-A 23rd St., Oakland, CA 94612 All material in this journal, unless otherwise stated, is copyright © 2015 by SOCIAL JUSTICE. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA. COVER IMAGE: Mob setting fire to Newgate Prison, London, England, 1780. SOCIAL JUSTICE Vol. 38, No. 4 Vol. 41, No. 3 Militarism and Its Discontents: Neoliberalism, Repression, and Resistance in Twenty-First-Century US–Latin American Relations Virginia S. Williams & Jennifer Leigh Disney 1 “It Doesn’t Have to Be This Way”: Hacker Perspectives on Privacy Kevin Steinmetz & Jurg Gerber 29 The Víctor Jara Case and the Long Struggle against Impunity in Chile J. Patrice McSherry 52 Grassroots Peacemaking: The Paradox of Reconciliation in El Salvador Ruth Elizabeth Velásquez Estrada 69 • SPECIAL SECTION: PENAL ABOLITION AND PRISON REFORM • Utopian Action and Participatory Disputes Vincenzo Ruggiero 89 Prison Abolition in the UK: They Dare Not Speak Its Name? Mick Ryan & Tony Ward 107 Trouble with the Child in the Carceral State Erica R. Meiners 120 Playing the “Treasury Card” to Contest Prison Expansion: Lessons from a Public Criminology Campaign Justin Piché 145 Abolitionism and the Paradox of Penal Reform in Australia: Indigenous Women, Colonial Patriarchy, and Cooption Eileen Baldry, Bree Carlton & Chris Cunneen 168 Commentary: “Tweaking Armageddon”: The Potential and Limits of Conditions of Confinement Campaigns Rachel Herzing 190 • • • Book Symposyum: Richard Quinney’s The Social Reality of Crime: A Marked Departure from and Reinterpretation of Traditional Criminology John F. Wozniak, with Francis T. Cullen & Tony Platt 197 SUBMISSIONS Social Justice is a refereed journal, and each submission is anonymously reviewed by at least two referees. Publishing decisions are made within 90 days based on recommendations by these reviewers and those of the Editorial Board. We work with authors, and respond with comments on submissions. To submit an article, you may use our online submission form (at www.socialjusticejournal.org) or send your documents to [email protected]. Please read the information below before you submit your materials. Copies Needed and Submission Requirements: Please send us: (1) A copy of your article (see format guidelines below). To facilitate the review process, the title page should not include the author’s name or institutional affiliation. (2) A document containing: cover letter, an abstract of 100 words, up to eight keywords, and a brief biographical sketch with affiliations, complete postal and e-mail addresses, and phone number. 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For all other usage guidelines, please refer to the Chicago Manual of Style (15th or 16th edition); our dictionary of reference is the Merriam-Webster. Militarism and Its Discontents 1 Militarism and Its Discontents: Neoliberalism, Repression, and Resistance in Twenty-First-Century US–Latin American Relations Ginger Williams & Jennifer Disney* HE UNITED STATES HAS LONG FLEXED ITS MUSCLES IN LATIN AMERICAN AFFAIRS and exerted its power over the Western Hemisphere. The end of the Cold War failed to ease tensions in US–Latin American relations. The expansion Tof state-sanctioned terrorism in the Americas until the arrest of Augusto Pinochet in 1998 rested on the privileges of impunity for Latin American security forces and their brethren in the United States. Impunity reinforced US hegemony by enabling Latin American militaries (and those who trained them) to get away with torture, murder, and the disappearance of thousands of people during the many dirty wars that ensued during the last half of the twentieth century. According to Leslie Gill (2004, 237), “the impunity-backed state terror that fractured countries such as Gua- temala, El Salvador, Chile, and Argentina while they were ruled by harsh regimes set the stage for the consolidation of neoliberal economic models under civilian governments.” John Bellamy Foster (2007, 2–3) further articulates the connection between militarism and neoliberalism in Latin America, and identifies the role the United States played in the process: “It was in the US-sponsored dictatorships of the Southern Cone of South America (Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay) that neoliberalism, i.e., the promotion of a new naked capitalism in response to world economic slowdown—requiring the elimination of all state protections for the population and all limits on the movement of capital—was first imposed.” The return to “democracy” in the 1980s and 1990s did not alleviate the fears, as repressive entities largely remained intact (in Chile, for example). The arrest of Augusto Pinochet tilted the balance as former repressive leaders started to face * GINGER WILLIAMS is an Associate Professor of History and Director of the Peace, Justice, and Conflict Resolution Studies Program, which she founded in 2006, at Winthrop University. Specializing in the history of US–Latin American relations, her current work focuses on twentieth-century social movements in the United States and Latin America. She is a past president of the Peace History Society. JENNIFER LEIGH DISNEY is Professor and Chair of the Department of Political Science and Director of the Women’s and Gender Studies Program at Winthrop University. Her areas of teaching, research, and scholarship are in the fields of comparative politics and political theory, focusing on development, underdevelopment, and social movements in Africa and Latin America. Temple University Press published her 2008 book, Women’s Activism and Feminist Agency in Mozambique and Nicaragua. Social Justice Vol. 41, No. 3 1 2 GINGER WILLIAMS & JENNIFER DISNEY the courts after 1998, and the poor began to blame the new “democratic” leaders for selling