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Therapeutics Aspects of Agni Karma in Ayurveda

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Therapeutics Aspects of Agni Karma in Ayurveda wjpmr, 2020,6(8), 217-220 SJIF Impact Factor: 5.922 WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL Review Article Hanumant et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research AND MEDICAL RESEARCH ISSN 2455-3301 www.wjpmr.com Wjpmr THERAPEUTICS ASPECTS OF AGNI KARMA IN AYURVEDA *1Dr. Hanumant Mansing Nagawade and 2Vaidya Nisha Rajendra Khairnar Professor, Department of Shalya Tantra1, Associate Professor Department of Panchakarma2 Swami Vivekanand Ayurvedic Medical College and Research Centre, Pargaon, Shreegonda, Nagar. *Corresponding Author: Dr. Hanumant Mansing Nagawade Professor, Department of Shalya Tantra Swami Vivekanand Ayurvedic Medical College and Research Centre, Pargaon, Shreegonda, Nagar. Article Received on 15/06/2020 Article Revised on 05/07/2020 Article Accepted on 26/07/2020 ABSTRACT Shalya Tantra is one of the important branches of Ayurveda in which Surgical and Parasurgical techniques has described for management of various diseases. Sushruta known as the father of surgery. „Agni Karma‟ is one amongst these parasurgical procedures. Agnikarma is an important therapeutic measure in Ayurvedic system of medicine, which has got worldwide popularity because of its simple administration and efficacy in variety of disorders. In Agni Karma therapeutic burning with special tools are done on specific sites. It is unique form of therapy performed with the help of Agni which has been described to be the superior then Ksharkarma, as the disease treated by it do not relapse and moreover those incurable by medicines (Bheshaja), operations (Shastra) and caustics (Kshara) yield to it. Agni Karma has been given special place in surgery by Sushruta and it is believed that disease treated by Agni Karma never reoccurs. KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Agni Karma, Shalya Tantra, Parasurgical procedure. INTRODUCTION Historical View of Agni Karma 1. In Charaka Samhita Ancient surgical science was known as Shalya-Tantra. Acharya Charaka give detail description of Agni Karma Shalya Tantra is one of the important branches of is comes under 36 Upakramas of Vrana in the chapter of Ayurveda in which surgical and parasurgical techniques “Dwi Vraniya Chikitsa”. Also Agni Karma used in has described for management of various diseases. It different disease as follow – in Gulma Chikitsa; in embraced all processes aiming at the removal of factors Bhagandar - Chikitsa Taildagdha; in Plihodar; in Arsha responsible for producing pain or misery to the body or Chikitsa; in Visarpa Chikitsa; in Ardit Chikitsa . mind. Agni Karma is second important Anushastra Karma which is described by all the Acharyas. 2. In Sushruta Samhita Anushastra Karma means surgical procedure performed Sushruta mentioned the Agni Karma as supreme in all by non surgical items or instruments in absence of the para surgical procedures. A separate chapter in Sutra surgical instruments. There are so many tools for Agni - Sthana with details about every aspect of Agni Karma, Karma like Pippali, goat stool pellets, teeth of different denotes its importance in the treatment, during those animals, Shalaka (probes) and Snehapadartha (ghee, tail, period. Sushruta has referred Agni in Agropaharaniya, as guda, honey). Valaya, Bindu, Vilekha and Pratisarana are Upayantra, Anushstra. types of Dahana (Agni Karma). Agni Karma can be utilised – As preventive measure, as curative measure, as 3. Ashtang Samgraha postoperative procedure, and as haemostatic measure. Details Description of Agni Karma found in 40th chapter Agni Karma does not allow the diseases to reoccur, once of Sutra Sthana of Ashtang Samgraha. they are treated by it. 4. In Ashtang Hridaya Definition of Agni Karma A detailed description of Agni Karma is described in The Agni Karma word made up with combination of two 30th chapter of Sutra Sthana of Ashtang Hridaya. words - Agni and Karma (i.e. fire and procedure). “When Samyaka Dagdha Vrana produced by Agni with the help 5. In Harita Samhita of various Dravyas called as Agni Karma”. In short we Acharya Harita has mentioned Agni Karmaas one of the can said as a procedure done by Agni for treating a eight important types of treatment. Beside this, he has disease. The procedure which is performed with the help also indicated Agni Karma in various diseases. of Agni for treating the disease is called as Agni Karma. www.wjpmr.com 217 Han umant et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research Classification of Agni Karma Ardha Chandra (Crescent shape) Agni Karma, it can be classified on various basis as Astapada (It is specific shape containing eight limbs below in different directions) Swastika (It is specific shape of Swastika Yantra) 1. ACCORDING TO TYPE OF DRAVYA: Agni Karma can be classified into two groups 5. ACCORDING TO DHATUS 1. Snigdha Agni Karma:- Agni Karma done by According to Acharya Sushruta and Vagbhata the Agni Madhu, Ghrita,Taila etc. Karma should be done as per involvement of the Dhatus 2. Ruksha Agni Karma:- Agni Karma done by such as - Pippali, Shalaka, Ajasakrida etc. a. Twakadagdha b. Sira and Snayudagdha 2. ACCORDING TO SITE c. Mamsadagdha a. Sthanika (local): Kadara, Arsha, Vicharchika. d. Asthi Sandhidagdha b. Sthanantariya (systemic): Apachi, Gridhrasi. Probable Mode of Action 3. ACCORDING TO THE DISEASE According to Ayurveda There are so many types of Agni Karma eg. 1. EFFECT ON DOSHA In the disease like Arsha, Kandara etc. it should be Agni Karma is considered as best therapy for Vata and done after surgical excision. Kapha Dosha because Agni possesses Ushna, Sukshma, In Sinus, fistula in ano etc. it should be done after Tikshna Guna Aashukari Guna which are opposite to incision. Vata and Kapha. It removes Srotovarodha and increase In Krimidanta it should be done after filing the the Rasa Rakta Samvahana to the affected site. cavity by Jaggery, Madhuchhista etc. 2. EFFECT ON DHATU 4. ACCORDING TO AKRUTI Therapeutic heat transferred by Agni Karma increase the In regard to Akruti, Acharya Sushruta have mentioned Dhatwagni, so metabolism at Dhatu level increases four types of Agni Karma. which helps to digest the Ama Dosha. Valaya (Circular shape) Bindu (Dot like shape) Dahnopakarana used for agni karma Vilekha (Making of different shapes by heated In classics, there are different Dahnopakarana, have been Shalaka) described during the descriptions of disease cured by Pratisarana (Rubbing at indicated site by heated Agni Karma. Dahnopakarana means accessories like Shalaka and there is no specific shape) drugs, articles and substances used for Agni Karma. Each of them is having their own peculiarity in Acharya Vagbhata has added more three types. Dahnopakarana. A list of Dahnopakarana has been given here as available in texts NAME OF DAHNOPAKARANA USED FOR AGNI KARMA PIPALI LOHA SUCHI VARTI TAMRA AAJA SHAKRIDA JAMBAVASTHA SNEHA MAJJA RAJATA GODANTA KSHAUDRA GHRITA YASHTIMADHU KANSHYA SHARA MADHUCHHISTA TAILA SURYAKANTA SHALAKA JAGGERY VASA HEMA Acharya Sushruta has indicated the materials by name Procedure of agni karma according to the site of Agni Karma: Purva karma 1. Twakadagdha - Pippali, Ajasakrida, Godanta, Shara, Pre-operative assessment Shalaka. Agni Karma is contraindicated in the person who have 2. Mamsadagdha – Jambhavsta Shalakla and Other Pitta predominant Prakriti (constitution) or diseases of Metals. Paitika Dosha. 3. Sira, Snayu, Sandhi and Asthidagdha - Madhu, Jaggery and Sneha. Diet: Patient is advised to take Pichchhila and Snigdha light diet before treatment. According to Acharya Vagbhata for Twakadah, Godanta and Suryakanta should be used. Madhu, Sneha, Inform consent: It is advisable to take written inform Jambavastha and Jaggery should be employed for Agni consent of the patient before going to Agni Karma. Karma of Arsha, Bhagandara, Granthi, Nadivrana etc. www.wjpmr.com 218 Han umant et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research Proper instrumentation (Agropaharaniyani) disease. This is one attempt to describe all detail Arrange all required Agropaharaniyani described by information of Agni Karma in this Research article. Acharya. Prepare suitable decoction for Prakshalana of the local part of patient. Madhu, Grita, Yashtimadhu REFERENCES Churna, small pieces of Kumari Patra, Plota (gauze piece), Pichu (cotton), required Dahanopkaran are kept 1. Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with ready for use. „susrutavimarsini‟ Hindi commentary. (1st Ed.). Susrutasamhita, maharshisusruta. Sutra-stan; Agnikarmavidhi-adhyaya: Chapter 12.verse no.1, 2 Pradhana Karma Aasana for Agni Karma: It should be according to (dalhan). Varanasi: Chaukhambhaprakashan, 2010; wound site 85. 2. Sushruta. Yadavaji Trikamji. Sushruta Samhita with Painting and Drapping: The patient has been advised to Nibandhasagraha commentary of Dalhanacharya. take position according to wound site. Then the diseased Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi. area is isolated and paint (Prakshalana) with suitable Edition: Reprint, 2008; 261. Kashaya. Dagdhkarma: After carefully considering the 3. Dr.Y.G.Joshi, Charak Samhita of maharshicharak, symptoms of the disease, the vital spots and the strength Chakrapanidatta, commentator Charakasamhita, 5th of the patient, the physician should perform Agni Karma. ed. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit sansthana; On the diseased skin of the patient, the Samyak Dagdha Chikitsa sthana, 2001; 23/46: 564. Vrana is done by suitable Dahanopkaran. After making 4. Dr.Y.G.Joshi, Charak Samhita of maharshicharak, Samyak Dagdha Vrana immediately apply cooling agent Chakrapanidatta, commentator Charakasamhita, 5th like Kumari gel, Ghrita to subside
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