6D24 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 9,

By Mr. BALDWIN: A bill (H. R. 7336) for the relief of set­ By Mr. DRAPER: Petition of nume:tous citizens of Danbury, tlerti on second indemnity lands of" the .Northern Pacific Rail­ Conn., Bangor, Me.: Chicago, Ill., Oakland, Cal., Elmira, N.Y., way - to the Committee on the Public Lands. Brookfield, Mo., Delano, Pa., and Albert Lea, Minn., for the By Mr. CHICKERING: A bill (H. R. 7388) providing for the passage of House bill 5801, an act to promote the safety of rail­ sale of a certain water lot in the village of Sacketts Harbor, N: road employes-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreig-n Y.-to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Commerce. By Mr. PA'l"'TERSON: A jointresolution (H. Res.l90) to pro­ By Mr. FLYNN: Eight petitions of settlers in Cherokee vide I or the printing of the digest of laws and decisions relating Strip, Okla., asking for appointment of Congressional com­ to the appointment, salary, and compensation of officials of the mittee to investigate entries of land made by parties who en­ United States courts-to the Committee on Printing. tered from the Chilloche Indian Reservation-to the Committee By Mr. CULBERSON: A resolution assigning certain days for on the Territories. the consideration of bills reported by the Committee on the Ju­ By Mr. HICKS: Petition of H. A. Holiman, Walter M. Filler, diciary-to the Committee on Rules. and.18 othe~ members of the Royal Arcanum, of Altoona, Pa., By :Mr. STONE of Kentucky: A resolution foe the relief of agamst the mcome tax, and favorable to an amendment exempt­ Sarah E. Evans-to the Committee on Accounts. ing beneficiary and. fraternal societies from the operation of same-to the Committee on Ways and Means. · By Mr. HUDSON: Petition of citizens of Scammon, Chero­ PRIVATE BILLS, ETC. kee County, Kans., together with resolution of the Order of Under cl.ause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills of the following United. Workmen of McCune, Kans., favoring admission of fra­ titles were presented and referred as follows: ternal society and college journals to the mails as second-class By Mr. COFFEEN: A bill (H. R. 7389) for the relief of Mrs. matter-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Hoads. Hattie Phillips, deceased! of Uvn,, L':tramie County, Wyo.-to Also, petition of citizens of Cowley County, Kans., favoring the Committee on Claims. Government ownership of telegraph lines-to the Committee on 1 B.v Mr. HOUK: A billlH. R. 7393) providing for the improve­ the Post-Office and Post-Roads. ment of Pigeon River in Tennessee-to the Committee on Rivers By Mr. McDEARMON (by request): Petition of D. B. John­ and Harbors. son, attorney, and 14 othet·citizens of Dyersburg, Tenn., protest­ Also, a bill (H. R. 7391} providing for the improvement of the ing against fraternal beneficiary orders in any form-to ~he Holston River, Tennessee-to the Committee on Rivers and Committee on Ways and Means.' Harbors. B.v Mr. McGANN: Petition of the Evangelical Lutheran Also, a bill (H. R. 7392) providing- for the improvement of the Churches, St. Mark and Gethsemane, of Chicago, and the Evan­ French Broad Rive"r, Tennessee-to the Committee on Rivers gelical Lutheran school committee of Illinois, protesting against and Harbors. the passage of House joint resolution 120-to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 7393} providing for the improvement of the the Judiciary. - Little River in Tennessee--to the Committee on Hivers and Also, petition of the St. Matthew, Zion, and. Trinitv Evangel­ Harbors. _ ical Lutheran Churches, of Chicago, Ill., protesting against the Also! a bill(H. R. 7394)providing for the improvement of the proposed change in the preamble of the Constitution of the Clinch River in Tennessee-to the Committee on Rivers and United States-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Harbors. Also, petition of the Trade and Labor Assembly of Chicago Also, a bill (H. R. 7395) providing for the improvement of the recommending the passage of House bill5107-to the Committe~ Tennessee River-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. on Immigration and Naturalization. Also, a bill (H. R. 7396) providing for the improvement of the Also, petition of Douglas Park Council, No. 17, Royal League Emory River in Tennessee-to the Committee on Rivers and Har­ of Chicago, relating to the income tax-to the Committee on bors. Ways and Means. By Mr. RICKS.: A bill (H . .R.. 7397) for the relief of William By Mr. O'NEILL of Missouri: Petition of H. F. Ballard, of H. lt'easter-to the Committee on Military Affairs. St. Louis, of the Ballard Snow Liniment Company, and of the Ry Mr. HOPKINS of Pennsylvania: A.bill (H. R. 7398)for the S. Pfeiffer Manufacturing Company, in relation to internal­ relief of Da.vid T. Hayton-to the Committee on Military Af­ revenl.le taxes as proposed in House bill 4864-to the Committee fairs. on Ways and Means. By Mr. MEREDITH: A bill (H. R. 7399) for the relief of Isaac By Mr. POST: PetitionofW. H. Sewardand8otherlegal voters· Mcinturf-to the Committee on War Claims. of Truro Township, Knox County, Ill., against any change in By Mr. WEADOCK: A bill (H. R. 7400) for the relief of Capt. the rate of postage on newspapers, serials, and periodicals-to William E. Cummin-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. By Mr. POST: A bill (H. R. 7401) for the relief of Prentiss B. .8y Mr. SIPE: Petition of 60 citizens of Philadelphia, Pa., Reed, Louisa Reed Carson, Diana Reed Hepworth, and Lucretia praying for governmental control of telegraphic system-to the H. Reed Regnier-to the Committee on Pensions. Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. By Mr. SHERMAN: Petition of Edward Dedick and 43 other citizens of Dolgeville, N.Y., protesting M"ainst the income tax- PETITIONS, ETC. to the Committee on Ways and Means. o . Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions anJ papers By Mr. WHEELER of Alab:1ma: Petition of the heirs of Mar­ were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: tha Byrd, deceased, Lawrence County, Ala., for relief-to the By Mr. BELTZHOOVER: Petition of citizens of Shippens­ Committee on War Claims. burg, Pa., in favor of exempting fraternal beneficiary societies By Mr. WRIGHT of Pennsylvania: Petition of L. B. Avery from bxation under the income-tax act-to the Committee on and other citizens of Wyoming County, Pa., against increasing ·Ways and Means. postage on newspapersandperiodicals-totheCommittee on the By Mr. BROSIUS: Petition of citizens of Lancaster County, Post-Office and Post-Roads. . Pa., in favor of restricting immigration-to the Committee on ImmiP"ration and Naturalization. By Mr. BURROWS: Petition of Board of Trade of the city of Detroit, protesting against the Hatch antioption bill-to the SENATE. Committee on Agriculture. SATURDAY, June 9, 1894. Also, petition of Board of Trade of the city of Detroit, urging cevtain amendments to the interstate-commerce law-to the The Senate met at 10 o'clock a.m. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. By Mr. COOMBS: Petitiqn of members of fraternal organiza- On motion of Mr. TELLER, and by unanimous consent, tho tions and of the Franklin Council, No. 253,Royal Arcanum, both reading of the Journal of yesterday's proceedings was dispensed of Brooklyn, N.Y., protesting against the income tax-to the with. Committee on Ways and Means. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS. By M.r. DALZELL: P etition of sundry citizens Pittsburg-, The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica- Wilkinsburg, and B1·addock, all of Pennsylvania, against the in- tion from the Secretary of the Treasury, recommending that an come tax as affecting· benefieiary societies-to the Committee on additional clause be added in the sundry civil appropriation bill Ways and Means. . to the item making. appropriation for the enforcement of the By Mr. DONOVAN: Petiti.on of Is.1.iah Leist, jr., and 8 other I Chinese exclusion act; which was referred to the Committee on citizens of Napoleon, Ohio, t·e~uesting the ad.option of an amend.- Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. ~ ment providing for certain exemption from th-3 provision or the He also laid before the Senate a communication from the Sec· income-tax feature of the tariff bill-to the Committee on Ways retary of the Tre::tsury, recommending th:1t an additional clause and Means. _ _ 1 be added in the sundry civil appropriation bill for the protec- 1894. CONGRESSION:AL RECORD-SENATE. 6025

tion of the salmon fisheries of Alaska.; which, with the accom­ a.s second-class matter; which were referred to the Committee panying paper, was referred to the Committee on Appropria- on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. . tions, and ordered to be printed. · · He also presented a memorial of the Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco, Cal., remonstrating against the passage of House PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. bill No. 6338, relating to the United States Coast and Geodetic Mr. CALL presented a petition of the Auditors and Deputy Survey; which was referred to the Committee on Commerce. Auditors of the United State3 Treasury Department, praying He also presented the petition of A.M. Elston and sundry that House bill No. 7097 be so amended as to increase their sal- other citizeJ!S of Elston, Cal., praying for the enactment of leg­ aries to $2,500 per annum; which was referred to the Committee islation to suppress the lottery traffic; which was ordered to lie on Appropriations. on the table. Mr. PATTON presented the petition of H. C. Rowe and 59 Mr. WALSH presented sundry petitions of citizens of Au- other citizens of Benton Harbor, Mich., and a petition of Po- gusta, Ga., and a petition of sundry citizens of Thomaston, Ga., mona Council, No. 761, Royal Arcanum, of Ben ton Harbor, Mich., praying that fraternal beneficiary societies, orders, or associa­ praying that fraternal beneficiary societies, orders, or assocb.- tions be exempted from the proposed income-tax provision of tions be exempted from the proposed income-tax provision of the pending tariff bill; which were ordered to lie on the table. the pending tariff bill; which were ordered to lie on the table. He also presented a petition of the Southern Immigration Mr. MANDERSON presentee a memorial of Gar1ield Council, Congress, of Augusta, Ga., praying for the establishment of a. No. 26, AmericanProtectiveAssociation,of North Platte, Nebr., perm:ment exposition at Washington, D. C.; which was referred remonstrating against appropriations of money by Congress for to the Committee on the District of Columbia, and ordered to be sectarian purposes and favoring the entire separation of church printed. · and state; which was referred to the Committee on Education Mr. FRYE presented a petition of 33 citizens of Wilton, Me., and Labor. praying that fraternal 1beneficiary societies, orders, or associa- Mr. CHANDLER presented the petition of Albert M. Hardy tions be exempted from the proposed income-tax provision of and. sundry other citizens of West Swanzey, N.H., praying that the pending ta.riff bill; which was ordered to lie on the table. fraternal beneficiary societies, orders, or associations, operating Mr. VOORHEES presented sundry petitions of citizens of upon the lodge system and providlng for the payment of life, Michigan City, Ind., and a petition of Potomac Commandery, sick, accident, and other benefits to the members and depend- No. 4!H, United Order of the Golden Cross, of Washington, D. ents of such members, shall be exempt from all the provisions C., praying that fraternal beneficiary societies, orders, and asso­ of the bill requiring taxation in any form; which was ordered ciations be exempted from the proposed income-tax provision to lie on the table. of the pending tariff bill; which were ordered to lie on the Mr. CULLOM presented the petition of Walter V. Arbuckle table. . · and sundry other citizens of Edgar County, Ill., and the petition Mr. WALSH presented a petition of sundry citizens of Spa.rta, of John D. McClure and sundry other citizens of Knox County, Ga., and a petition of sundry citizens of the Htate of Georgia, Ill., praying that the funds of mutual life insurance companies praying that fraternal beneficiary societies, orders, or associa­ and associations be exempted from the proposed income-tax pro- tions be exempted from the proposed income-tax provision of vision of the pending tariff bill; which were ordered to lie on the the pending tariff bill; which were ordered to lie on the table. table. Mr. BLANCHARD presented a petition of sundry citizens or He also presented a petition of Douglas Park Council, No. 17, Orleans County, La.,praying that in the passage of any law pro­ Royal League, of Chicago, Ill., praying that the pending tariff "riding for the taxation of incomes, the funds of mutual life in­ bill be so amended that fraternal beneficiary societies, orders, surance companies and associations be exempted from taxation; or associations, operating upon the lodge system and pro~iding which was ordered to lie on the table. for the payment of life, sick, accident, and other benefits to the REPORT OF A COMMITTEE. members nnd dependents of such members, shall be exempt Mr. GALLINGER, from the Committee on the District of Co- from all the provisions of the bill requiring taxation in any form; lumbia, to whom "~as referred the bill (8.1841) to provide that which was ordered to lie on the table. all persons employing female help in stores, shops, offices, or Mr. ALLISON presentedpetitionsof H. L. P. Hillyer and sun- manufactories shall provide seats for the same when not actively dry other citizens of GrundyCenter; ofS.H. Merrillandsundry 1 d d 't 'th t d d b · d other citizens of Ottumwa; of D. I. Gilmanandsundryotherciti- emp oye 'reporte I WI ou amen ment, an su mitte are- zens of Woodbury County; of I. S. Struble and sundry other port thereon. · citizens of Ie Mars; of Edward L. Camp and sundry other citi- BILLS INTRODUCED. zens of Linn County, and of I. w. Traer and sundry other citi· Mr. HOAR introduced a bill (S. 2097) to release to the estate zens of West Liberty, all in the State of Iowa, praying that in of the late Leland Stanford, of California, the claim, if any) of the passage of any law providing for the taxation of incomes, the the United States against said estate, so far as it has been, or funds of mutual life insurance companies and associations be ex- may be, given to the Leland Stanford, jr., University; which ted f t t' · h' h d d t 1' th t bl' was read the first time by its title. emp rom axa IOn, w IC were or ere 0 Ie on e a e. Mr. PEFFER. I ask that the bill be read. Mr. COCKRELL presented a petition of sundry life insurance policy holders of Cl~rk County, Mo., and a petition of sundry life The bill was read the second ~ime at length, and referred to insurance policy holders of St. Louis, Mo., praying that in the the Committee on the Judiciary, as follows: . passage of any law providing for the taxation of incomes the funds Be it enacted, etc., That the President o! the United States is authorized to release to the estate or the late Leland Stanford, or Cali!ornia, or any de· of mutual life insurance companies and associations be exempted visee or b(\lleftciary thereof, the claim, u · any, or the United states aKainst from taxation: which were ordered to lie on the table. said estate, so far as the same was given in his U!etim.e, or has been devised Mr. HARRIS presented a petition of sundry citizens of Henry, or bequeathed by him, or may have bP.en or shall be conveyed by his legal . representatives since his death to the Leland Stanford, jr., University, so Tenn., praying t h at fraterna1 beneficiary societies, orders, or called. Said release to be so framed a.s not to discharge any other person or associations be exempted from the proposed income-tax pro vi- corporation who may be liable for such debt. sion of the pending tariff bill; which was ordered to lie on t~e Mr. CULLOM introduced a bill (S. 2098) for the ~elief of Eliz- table. abeth B. Russell, of Washington, D. C.; which was read twice Mr. HOAR presented the memorial of Rev. R. P. Hammons by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. and 8othermembersof the Pastors' Union, of Fort Scott, Kans., Mr. CALL introduced a bill (S. 2099) granting a pension to remonstrating against the assumption that the suppression of I Esther C. Hardee; which was read twice by its title, and, with the lottery traffic as applied to church fairs, etc., would injuri- the accompanyine- papers, referred to the Committee on Pen- ously affect the charitable work of the churches; which was or- sions. ~ dered to lio on the ta.ble. · Mr. WHITE introduced a bill (S. 2100) to add certain condi- . ~e also presented the petition of L. T. Buchanan and 43 other tions and limihtions to grants of public lands heretofore made Cltizens of Wautucket and Barnstable, in the State of Massachu- by the Government of the United States to certain corporations, setts, prayiiW that the funds of mutual life insurance companies companies, and individuals, for the purpose of aiding in the con_. and assomat10ns be exempted from the proposed income-tax pro- struction of railroad and telegraph lines· which was read twice vision of the pending tariff bill; which was ordered to lie on the by its title, and referred to the Committ~e on Pacific Railroads. table. Mr. WALSH introduced a bill (S. 2101) for the relief of the Mr. WHITE presented sundrypetit~ons of citizens of San Jose, legal representatives of Albert Blaidsell, deceased; which was Cal., and a petition of sundry citizens of Fowler, Cal., praying read twice bv its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. that the preamble to ~he Constitution of the United States be 130 He also introduced a bill (S. 2102) to provide for a permanent amend~d as to recogmze the Deity; which were referred to the exposition at Washington; which was read twice by its·title, Committee on the Judiciary. · and referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Fullerton, Mr. PE8'FER introduced a bill (S. 2103) to increase the pen- Cal., and a petition or sundry citizens of California, praying that sion of Albert Wells from $30 to $72 per month; which was read ft•a!.ernal society and college journals be admitted to the mails twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. 60-26 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE. JUNE 9,

Mr. GORDON (by request) introduced .a. bill (R 2104) to in­ that there is any objection to the hill, but I think there should corporate the Washington City Railway Company~ -which was be an explanation of it. J;Rad twice by its title, -and referred to the Committee on the Mr. McLAURIN. The Committee on Public L3.ndshas unan­ District-of Columbia. imously recommended the passage of the bill with the amend­ Mr. DANIEL introduced a bill (S. 2105) for the relief of the ment that is reported. Every State in the Union except the trustees oi Free and Accepted Order of Masons, in the town of State of Mississippi had donated to it two townships of land by Keysville, county of Charlotte, State o.f Virginia; :vhieh was read Congress after it had been admitted into the Union. The State twice hv its title, and refer1·ed to the Committee vn Claims. of Mississippi has l'eceived only one township, and that is the­ Re also introduced ,a bill (S. 21.06} to author ize the purchase of r eason why this bill is presented. Four of the States have rc.­ cerktin manuscript papers and correspondence of Thomas-Jeffer­ ceived as many as three t ownships. The State of Mississippi son:; which was raad twice by its title, and referred t.o the Com­ has received only one township o.f land, and this bill is intended mittee :on ~e Library. to make up the deficienc,y. Mr. PLATT. May I inquire how many acres of land the Gov­ AMENDMENTS TO BILLS. ernment now has in the State of Mississippi 1rom which it may .Mr. WHITKsub.m..itted an amendment intended to be proposed select this land? by him to the bill (S.l057) i.or the relief

by nim "to the legislative1 executive, and jud1cial ·appropri.ation gress has given but one township to the State, and that was bill: which was il'efecred to the Committee on P-ublic L-:1.nds,-and owing to the fact that w.hen the State w-as a Te~T.itory, befor.e it ordered 1io be p1.·inted. was a~lm.itted into the Union, there was granted to Jefferson !r, CALL sahmitted. an ;amendment intended to be proposed College, in the State of Mississippi, I think as much .as a town­ by him to the river and h arboi· appropriation bill; which wa s ship of l1lnd. Then· Mississippi and Alab3Jlla constituted the ref-er-red to -the Committee on C.ommerce, and -.ordered to be same Territory,.andthe la..nd was given in wha.t is n.owtheSta.te print-ed. of Alab3.m.a-. That land was disposed of. by Jefferson College. M r. "J:O.RRILL:su.bmitte.d .an amendment intenrled to be pro­ The T.erritory .of Mississippi did not get th.e benefit .of it; tne posed by 'him to tlmnav.al sppropriation bill; w.hicll. was referred State of .Mississippi did n.ot get the benefit of it. to lth.e Cmitffi.e on N.aval Aifail·~ .aud -ordered tD be printed~ A -ease almost similar occurred in the State of Indiana, where, .Mr~ BLANCHARD submitted an amendmentinrended to be while it was a Territory, there was donated to the Territory a pr<:>:pasea by him to the ..drer :and haroor .apprnpriation bill; township of land that was given by the Territorial Legislature whleh w-as..referr..ed .to the.Committee-onOommereet:a.nd-ord.ered to Vincennes Col1egeorseminary. After,v:aros, wh.en the State to he printed. ofindiana was admitted into the Union, the St&te undertook to ex­ M e. DANIEL submitted 1m amendment intended ro be ~p-ro­ ercise control over tha.tla.n.d and gave it to an institution of learn­ posed by him to the na.v.al a.ppropriati

the facts ta be as I understand them, to unite in putting that WETMORE AND BROTHER 1 {TF ST. LOUIS, MO. university on its feet. I make no objec~iOD; to the bill.- Mr. COCKRELL. I ask unanimous consent for the present ·The VICE-PRESIDENT. The questwn 18 on agreemg to the consideration of the bill (S. 210) for the relief of Wetmore and amendment reported by the Committee o·n Public hands. Brother, of St. Louis, Mo., which has passed the Senate three The amendment was agreed to. times heretofore. The bill was I!epo~d to- the Senate as amended, and the amend- I There being no obiection, the Senate., as in Committee of the ment was concurred m. . • . Whole pruceeded toconsider tha bill. It directs the Secretary The amen~e~t was ordered to be engrossed, and the blll to , of the 'Treasury to pay to Wetmore and Brother, of St. Louis, ' be read !1 th1rd t1me. . . . Mo. ,.$220~ being~ the amount in part of fees due to them as attar- The b1ll was read the thu·d trm~, and passed. . . neys in colored bounty cases retained and cove1:·ed int-o the Mr .. BERRY. Imove.~hatthel~nll (S. 1626) tosupp~y !1d«?lc1- Treasury. • ' ~ncy m the grant of pub~1c la~ds m ~he Sta.te of MlSSlSSlppl f~r The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or­ the use of the State u~nvers1ty be. mde~mtely J?Ostponed, as 1 ~ dered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time relates to the same sub.Jec~ a~ t~e ~ill whwh has JUSt been called · and passed. 1 up by the Se:nator from MlSSlSsrppl, and passed. DELAWARE RIVER BRIDGE. The motion was agreed to. RAILWAY POS'l'AL CLERKS. Mr. FRYE submitted the following.report: Mr. Mcll.tr_ ILLAN. I ask Ull"''"';mous consen... to call up the bl'll The emnmittee ot: conference on the disagreeing votes or the two Houses m. c.o..J..LL ~> on the amendments of th~ Hou-se of Representatives to- the b1ll (S. 1956-) to (S. 544) to reclassify and prescribe the salaries of railway postal authorize the Pennsylvan.fa and New Jersey :Railroad Cam:panies., or either clerks. of them, to construct and maintain a bridge oyer the Delaware River be­ tween the States of New Jersey and Pennsylvan1a, having met, a!tez: full and By unanimous consent, the. Sena.te,. as in Committee o! the. free eanfecrenee have agreed to reeommend and do- reoommend to their re-- Wholer proceeded to consider the bill. It propose.s to divide the spective Houses as follows: · th R '1 M il S · ce kna ail t 1 That the Senate recede from its disagreement to- the amendments of. the persons 1n e .al way a ervl r Wll as: r way pos a Hau.."tl of R.epresentatTives numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4, and agree. to t.he same. clerks, into seven classes, whose salaries shall notexce·ed the fol- That the House of Representatives reeed.e from us am-endm-ent num- ~o.wing l'ates per annum:. First class-t not exceeding $800; second bered 5. class, not exceeding $1~00'0; third class, not exceeding $1,200;. M. w. RANSOM, f0urth class, notexcee.ding $1,300~:fifthclass.,notexceeding$1,500; ir.~sJ:· FRYE, sixth class, not exceeding $1,600; seventh class, not exceeding Mana~r• 011. Me part qj the Senate. $1r800. GEO. D. WISE.. The. bill was reported to the- Sena.te without amendment, or- ALLAN c. DURBOROW, JR., dered to be engrossed fo-u a third reading, read' the third time, ~ f:e~'fof tli:e n(J1£~. and passed. .M=s BRIDGE AT BU.RLINGTONt IOWA. Mr. HIGGINS~ I B·hould like so-me explanation as to- what is co-vered by the conference report. In the. way" these reports are Mr. ALLISON. I ask unanimous e.onsent for t.he present eon- made by numbers, no information is given to us of what is yielded side-ration m· the b.ill (H. R~ 6126} to amend an act to aathorize or aure.ed to by one body or Ule other. · • . the construction oJ a, bridge at Burlington, Iowa, approved Au- :M~. FRYE. ·The ame-ndments ru·e af veey slight conseque.uce. gust 6, HI3S, and amended by act, approved Febt>uary 21, 1890. The first amendment struckouttheword ''lest." and put in"' not There being no objection, the Se-n-ate, as iu Cronmittee of the to- exceedt that is, 300 feet span; the s.econd amendment struck Whole, prooeed'ed to oonside.I" the b-ill. ' out the words" two years" and inserted ~·one year,rr as the time The bill was reported to the Senate withcmt amendment: in which the plans should be fUI'Ilishe.d to the Secretary of War; ordered to a third re!lding, read the third time, and -passed. thethirdame.ndmentstrucko-ut "ten years,, as the time in which HIR..A.M SOMERVILLE. to. eompl.e-tie th61 bridge and inserted. "seven years;" the f0urth J\fr. ALLEN, I ask unanimous. consent for the present. con- amendment struck out "two years r' as the time in w hlch its con­ side-ration of the bil1 (8'.1301} fo-u the. relief of ihe legal repro- struction should be oom.menced and inserted ''one year;·r and sentatives 6 £ Hiram Somerville. - · the-fifth amendment pro-vided for giving the United 8-t!\tes free There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee. of the use oi. the bridge in consideration of the granting of the charter, Whole, proceeded to consider the bill.. and the House recedes from that. The b-ill was repm·ted from the Committee on Claims, with an Mr. HIGGINS. That is very satisfactory. amendment in lin~ 3t after the words "sum of," to. strike out. The report was concurred in. "seven hundred and fil.ty-five/r and insert "five. hundred and MESSAGE FROM THE ROUSE. five;·" so as to make the bili read: A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. T. 0. Be it enacted,. eta., That tbe sum. of it'il05 be, and the same is hereby, appro- TOWLES, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had paElsed priated to the legal representatives of Hiram Somervill'e, deceased, late of b'll (H R 6888) f th r 'str .r~l t f th b k Marion County. ill., for supplies furnished byhim .to theUnited States. a 1 · · or e eg-.t Y' Ol' enro men o e ar The amendment was agreed to. Skudesnaes; in which it requested the concurrence of the Sen- The om was reported to the Senate. as amended, and the ate. amendment was concurred in. - ENROLLED BILL SIGNED. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read _The message also announced that. the· Speaker of the. Rouse the thir!.'l time, and passed. had signed the enrolled bill (S.1950) to authoriz·e the Pennsyl- HEIRS OF EDWARD AND NELLIE MORRISON. vania and New Jersey Railroad Companies, or either of them, Mr. SHOUP. I ask unanimo.ns consent for the present con- to construct and maintain a bridge over the Delaware Rive~· sideration of the bill (H. R.2TIO) for the relief of the heirs of between the States of New Je.rsey and Pennsylvania; anCt it was Edward Morrison and Nellie Morrison) now deceased. thereupon signed by the Vice--President. There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the PRESIDENTIAL .APPROVAL. Whole. proceeded to consider the bill. It proposes to issue a A message from the President of the United States, by Mr patent in fee simple to the heirs of Edward Morrison and Nellie : 0. L. PRUDEN, one of his secretaries, announced that the Morrison1 late of Oklahoma Territory, now deceased, for the President had, on tb.e 8th instant, approved and signed the act northwest quarter of the southwest quarter and: lot 7, section 8~ i (S.1424) to amend section 8 of" An act to authorize the construe: township 12 north, range 7 west, Indian meridian; the south tion of a bridge across the Calumet Rive:r," approved March 1, half of the. southeast quarter, secti001: 2:9',. townshlp 13 north, 1893. ' range 7 west, Indian meridian; the southeast quarte:r of the HOUSE lliLL REFERRED. southwest q.uart~r ~n~ l~t 8, section 8, township 12 north, range The bill (H. R. 6888) for the registry or enrollment of the barK 7 west, Indlat;t mer1d1an, an~ the north half of the southe!lst Sk d aes was read twice by Hs title and referred to the Com- quarter, sectiOn 29, townsh1p 13 north. range 7 west, Ind1an ·~t esnn C~mmerce ' meridian, Oklahoma Territory, in lieu of patents issued on Ma-rch ml ee 0 • 6 1892, to "Ben-nank" (or Edward Morrison) and to "Wo-ca- THE REVENUE BILL. slt oow-ka" (or- Nellie_ Morrison.), now deceased, and allottees ' The VICE-PRESIDENT~ The hour of half past 10 o'clock under section 13 ci the act entitled ''An act malting appropr-ia- having arrived, the Chair lays before the Senate the unfinished tions- for the current. and conti.ngen t expenses- of th.e Indian De- business. partmeut and for fulfilling treaty stipulations with various In- The S~nate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the con­ dian tribes for the_year ending June 30, 1892, and for other pur- sideration of the bill (H. R. 48.64) to reduce taxation, to provide. poses," approved March 3., 18!H. _ revenue for the Government.~ and for other purposes. The bill was rep.orted to the Senate without amendment, or- The VICE-PRESIDENT. The reading of the bill will be rtr- ilel'ed to a third reading, read the third· time, and passed. sumed. 6028 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SE·NATE. JUNE 9,

Mr. PETTIGREW. Before that is done, I move to amend by Higgins, Lodge, Patton, Squire, Hill, McMillan, Pettigrew, Stewart, inserting as a new paragraph to come in after paragraph 198, Irby, McPherson, Power, Turpie, the following·: · Jarvis, Mitchell, .Oregon Proctor, Wilson, Bro.>om corn, $6 per ton. Jones, Nev. 1\:t.urphy, Ransom, Wolcott. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the amendment Lindsay, Palmer, Roach, proposed by the Senator from South Dakota, which w_ill be stated. The VICE-PRESIDENT. No quorum having voted, the Sec­ The SECRETARY. It is proposed to insert as a new paragraph: retary will call the roll. 19Sj. Broom corn, $6 per ton. The Secretary called the roll, and the following Senators an­ :Mr. PETTIGREW. I do not care at this time to discuss the swered to their names: subject. I believe if no duty is imposed on. broom corn. it wi~l Allen, Frye, Martin, Sherman, be imported in large quantities. The American.farmer IS ent:v Allison, Gallinger, Mills, Shoup, Berry, Gray, Mitchell, Wis. Smith, tled to the markets of the United States, and therefore a duty Blackburn, Hale, Morgan, Teller, ought to be placed on this product. Call, Harris, Morrill, Vest, I ask for the yeas and nays on the amendment. Cameron, Hoar, Pasco, Vilas, Chandler, Hunton, Patton, Voorhees, The yeas and nays were ordered, and the Secretarypr9ceeded Cockrell, Jones, Ark. Pel'rer, Walsh, to call the roll. Coke, Kyle, Perkins, Washbur.n, Cullom, Lodge, Platt, White. Mr. CAMERON (when his name was called). I am paired Davis, McLaurin, Pugh, with the Senator from South Carolina [Mr. BUTLER]. I make Dixon, McMillin, Quay. this announcement for the day. If he were present I should Dubois, · Manderson, Roach, vote ''yea." . The VICE-PRESIDENT. Fortv-nine Senators have answered Mr. CHANDLER (when his name was called). I am paired to their names. A quorum is present. The Secretary will call with the junior Senator from New York [Mr. MURPHY]. If he the roll upon agreeing to the amendment of the Senator from were present I should vote 'yea." South Dakota [Mr. PETTIGREW]. Mr. DAVIS (when his name was called). I am paired with The Secretary proceeded to call the roll. the Senator from Indiana [Mr. TURPIE]. Mr. McMILLAN (when his name was called). J am paired M:r. FRYE (when Mr. GORMAN'S name was called). The with the Senator from Louisiana [Mr. BLANCHARD], but I have Senator from Maryland [Mr. GORMAN] is detained from t~e an arrangement by which I may vote to make a quorum: and I Chamber by illness, and is paired with the Senator from Nevada shall vote. I vote "yea." [Mr. JoNEsf I shall not repeat the announcement again to-day. Mr. MITCHELL of Wisconsin (when his name was called). Mr. McMILLAN (when his name was called). I am paired As I have transferred my pair with the Senator from Wyoming with the Senator from Louisiana LMr. BLANCHARD]. If he were [Mr. CAREY] to the Senator from South Carolina [Mr. IRBY], I present I should vote " yea v and he would vote "nay." vote ''nay." Mr. MITCHELL of Wisconsin(when his name was called). I Mr. MORRILL (when his name was called). I am paired with announce for the day that I am paired with the Senator from the Senator from Florida [Mr. CALL]. Wvoming [Mr. CAREYJ. Mr. PALMER {when his name was called). I am paired ordi­ Mr. PAT'rON (when his name was called). I am paired with narily with the Senator f_rotn NorthDakota[Mr.HANSBROUG_H], the junior Senat~ from Maryland [Mr. GIBSON]. If he were but I .will transfer my pair to the Senator from North Carolma present I should vote "yea." [Mr. JARVIS], and vote.. !vote "nay." Mr. PETTIGREW (when his name was called). I am paired Mr. PATTON (when his name was called). I again announce with the junior Senator from West Virginia [Mr. CAMDEN]. If my pair with the junior Senator from Maryland LMr. GIBSON]. he were here I should vote "yea." _ The roll call was concluded • .Mr. PLATT (when his name was called). I vote" yea; " and Mr. DOLPH (after having voted in the affirmative). I am b~encal~ed I desire to say that my colleague [Mr. HAWLEY] 1>:as paired with t~e senior Senator from Mississippi [Mr. GEORG~] home by the death of a relative. For the day he IS pa1red with but with the right to vote to make a quorum when my vote will1 the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. FAULKNER]. ·not chang~ the. result. I_ will therefore let my vote stand for Mr. VILAS (when his' name was called). I am pair~d with the present. I did not ooserve, when I voted, that the Senator the Senator from Oregon [Mr. MITCHELL], who was detamed by is not in the Chamber. business from the Chamb3r yesterday and will be to-day. I de­ Mr. PASCO. The Senator from West Virginia [Mr. FAULK­ sire to make the announcement now for the day. NER] is necessarily absent from the Chamber, and is paired for The roll call was concluded. the day with the Senator from Connecticut fMr. HAWLEY]. Mr. HARRIS. I desire to state thatmycolleague[Mr. BATE] The resultwa.s announced-yeas 19, nays 25; as follows: is p e~,ired with the Senator from Vermont fMr. PROCTOR]. Both Senators are absent from the city under the order of the Senate. YEAS-19. I make the announcement for the day. Allison, Frye, Manderson, Quay, Cullozn, Gallinger, Pel'rer, Sherma.u, Mr. MITCHELL of Wisconsin. I transfer my pair with the Dixon, Hale, Perkins, Shoup, - Senator from Wyoming [Mr. CAREY] to the Senator from South Dolph, Hoa.r, Pettigrew, Washburn. Carolina [Mr. IRBY] and vote "nay." Dubois, McMillan, Platt, Mr VILAS. At the suggestion of his colleague, the Senator NAYS- 23. from ·Kentucky [Mr. BLACK.BURN], I transfer the pair which .I Allen, Hunton, Morgan, Vilas, "nnounced for this vote to h1scolleague [Mr. LINDSAY], who IS Berry, Jones, Ark. Palmer, Voorhees. Blackburn, Kyle, Pasco. Walsh, detained from the Chamber to-day by sickness in his family, and Cockrell, McLaurin, Pugh, White. I vote 11Jl!LY." Coke, Martin, Roach, Mr. McLAURIN. My colleague [Mr. GEORGE] is pairedwith Gray, Mills. Smith, the Senator from Oregon [Mr. DOLPH]. Harris, Mitchell, Wis. Vest, Mr. LODGE. I desire to announce my pair with the Senator NOT VOl'ING-41. from New York [Mr. HILL]. If he were present I should vote Aldrich, Daniel, Irby, Proctor, Bate, Davis, Jarvis, Ransom, "yea." Blanchard, Faulkner, Jones, Nev. Squire, The result was announced-yeas 18, nays 24; as follows: Brice, George, Lindsay, StewarL, Butler, Gibson, Lodge, Teller, YEAS-18. Caffery, Gordon, McPherson, Turpie, - Allison, Ga.llingor, Peffer, Shoup, Call, Gorman, Mi t<:hell, Oregon Vv11son, Cullom, Hale, Perkins, Teller, Camden, Hansbrough, Morrill, Wolcott. Dixon. Hoar, Platt, Washburn. Camerou, Hawley, Murphy, Dubois, Manderson, Quay, Carey, Riggins, Patton, Frye, Morrill, Sherman, Chandler, Rill, Power, NAYS-2-l. So the amendment was rejected. Allen, Gray, Martin, Smith, The Secretary read the next paragraph, as follows: Berry, Harris, Mills, Vest, 199. Hay, $2 per ton. Blackburn, Hunton, Mitchell, Wis. Vila::;, Call, Jones, Ark. Morgan, Voorhees, The Committee on Finance reported an amendment , in Tine 6, Cockrell, Kyle, Pa.sco, Walsh, to strike out" $2 per ton" and insert H 20 per cent ad valorem." Colee, McLaurin, Pugh, White. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The proposed amendment is with­ NOT VOTING-43. drawn, leaving the paragraph stand as it came from the other Aldrich, Catfery, Daniel, Gibson, House. - Bate, Camden, Davis, Gordon Mr. GALLINGER. Before the word "dollars" I move to Blanchard., Cameron, Dolph, Gorman, Brice, Oarey Faulkner, Hansbrough, strike out "two" and insert ''three,': so as to make the rate $3 Butler, Chandler, George, Hawley, per ton. •

·- 1894.- .~ ' OONGRESSIQNfAL R;ECORD-_ SENATE~ 6029

The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment proposed by the and hence can not be accurately determined. Including these Senator from New Hampshire will be stated. • · States, the total production of the North is doubtless very nef:\r, The SECRETARY. In paragraph 199, line 6, strike out "two" if not quite, 85 per cent of the whole. I find that the value of and insert "three;" so as to read: the hay crop of the little State of New Hampshire is more than Hay, $3 p )r ton. double that of the three great Southern State~ of Mississippi, Mr. GALLINGER. Mr. President, my first intention was to Alabama, and Texas. . move an amendment to make the duty on hay$4 a ton, which is In 1893 we imported from foreign countries 104,481 tons of :P.ay, ' the rate under the existing law, but upon~ second thought it of the value of $962,221, on which we collected a duty of $416,- seemed to me there was so much justice in ask~ng the other side 721.86. That was on a duty of $4 a ton. · ()f the Chamber to give a duty of $3 per ton, which is a reduction Now, it is proposed to reduce the duty to$~ a ton (a reduction of 25 per cent, precisely the same ratio of reduction which has of 50 per cent), and to open our American market to the hav been made on rice, that I concluded to offer the amendment in from the Canadian Dom-inion, which, I submit, will strike a this form. blow that will be well-nigh ruinous to the hay industry in all Mr. President, I wish to call the-attention of the Senate to the States bordering upon Canada. It does seem to me, in view certain important facts connected with the hay crop which per­ of these fact-s, which we find in official documents, that there haps are known to almost every Senator, and yet possibly some are Senators on the other side, living in States which will be Senators have overlooked them._ The total production of hay disastrously affected by the proposed reduction, who will join in the United States. for the year 1893 reached the enormous Republicans in placing a duty of $3 a ton on hay, which, as I he­ amount of 65,766,158 tons, and it had a home value of $570,882,872. fore said, is exactly the relative duty that is given to Southern It was the largest crop of hay ever raised in the United States, rice. I appeal with a great deal of confidence to the other side exceeding ahy former crop by 17,295,698 tons, and exceeding in of the Chamber on this question: as the equities are so strong value any former crop by $155,751,506. - · as to be absolutely unanswerable. For the information of SenR.tors and the country I will here Mr. PLATT. Mr. President., I hesitate to say anything on insert a table showing the hay crop in the several States for the this subject for the reason that it may be supposed I am speak­ year 1893, which I find in the,Statistical Abstract for that year. ing especially for my own State, and if I know my own senti­ The table is as follows: ments in relation to the matter, it is not for my State that I speak when I ask for protection, but for the whole countr.v. · Now, with regard to Connecticut, it is true, as reported, that Production.lHome value. the value of the hay crop of the State of Connecticut, is about­ ------11--- $9,000,000 annually. Therefore there is a good deal of int3rest Tons. in the State amongourfarmerE! in relation to this duty. Whether Alabama---- ______------______.. ______-----·-··· Ui,084 et,282,30! the people of the whole State, if every man were to consider his Ca.lilornia .... ______------______------___ _ 2,842,446 22,370,050 Connect-icut .. ------______512,522 8,969,135 own private and selfish interest, would desire the duty to be re­ lllinois -----··- --·- --·------·------3,273,874 29,006,524 tained may well be a question; for, while to the farmers them­ Indiana. ------____ ------•..•...• ····------··- 2,8'75,572 26, 340, 240 selves this is the principal crop in Connecticut, it is probable Iowa. ___ .----· ..•• ----....•• ------______-----.••• ___ _ 8,662,589 53,115,148 Kansas.---- __ ---- .•.•...... ---- __ ------· •••• ,,374,459 20,516,213 that we in Connecticut buy more hay than we raise. Maine ------.. ------.. ---... ------1, 129,~6 13,700,665 All the livery stables, persons engaged in cartage, the rich Massachusetts .. ------______.••. ------....•• 724,555 12,556,538 people who have Dice equipages and square-tailed horses, the 1,869, 245 17,122,284 2, 791,702 12,758,078 horse-railroad companies, and all people who are not farmers :::: ::::::::::::::::: 3,651,246 25,704,772 and use hay might wish, perhaps, if they were entirely selfish, ~;:~:~~ ===~ ::==~~== ==~=: ::::~ 135,486 1,302,020 to have the duty reduced; that is, if they thought that a reduction ~:~~f&P~_:: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2,589,663 12,611,659 of the duty would cause a decrease in the price of the hay. Yet New Ham:t>shh·e ------··-······· 672,556 10,491,874 New Jersey------·-··------·-·---- ______526,840 9,182,821 I think there would be a universal sentiment among the people New York .. ____ . _____ ------____ ·--···------..•• 7,298,208 82,688,697 of Connecticut that the present duty ought to be retained, and Ohio __ ---- ______---·---·-·----••.. ------.••. 3,305, 772 33,233,059 it is for the _interest of the other States just as much as it is for Pennsylvania ...• ------..•.•• --~--- 3,178,426 45,769,334 Texas ____ ------____ .••. --~------470,794 4,51!1,622 the interest of Connecticut that it should be retained. We buy Vermont----- ..•• ------­ 1,028,591 10,933,922 some of our hay from the far West. We purchase somefrom Min­ Wisconsin .• ---- •.. ------: __ , ----.. ------2,308,859 16,623,785 All other __ .•••.. --·--- ____ ------______...•. ___ _ 11,468,183 nesota, from Illinois, and from the great hay-producing States 100, 084, 128 west of us. We even purchase prairie hay, which people go _ out upon unoccupied land and mow and have baled. During the reading of the table, Mr. President, it does seem, as suggested by the Senator from The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair will state to the Sena­ New Hampshire, that this great crop might receive the same tor from New Hampshire that his time has expired. proportional treatment which the rice crop has received. The Mr. GALLINGER. I ask that I may be allowed five minutes duty on hay is by no means as high a.s the duty on rice. The more. duty on rice under the McKinley act averaged 111 per cent. It Mr. PLATT. This is a pretty important item, and I trust has been reduced 25 per cent, so that it would average 83 or 84 five minutes more will be a-ccorded to the Senator from New per cent under the present bill, but the duty on hay only aver­ Hampshire. aged 43 per cent, and the duty under the pending bill would The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair average about 21 per cent. hears none, and the Senator from New Hampshire will proceed. So while the duty on rice was reduced 25 per cent it is pro­ The readi.ng of the table having been concluded, posed to reduce the duty on hay eYer 50 per cent. The sense of Mr. GALLINGER. As I before said, and it will bear repeat­ the American people calls for fair play, and I certainly think we ng, the total production of this crop last year was 65,766,158 are asking no more than fair play when we ask that the same tons, and the home value was $570,882,872. proportional reduction shall be ma..;e in hay that was made in Mr. Prasident, it was charged yesterday that we on this side rice. of the Chamber are talking sectionali!m. But, Mr. President, it was my intention when I rose to speak Mr. HOAR. Has the Senator from New Hampshire the value a little for the State of New York. The State of NewYorkdoes of the cotton crop_for the corresponding year? not seem to have any Senato1~s here this morning to speak for Mr. GALLINGER. I can not give the Senator from Massa­ it. I think New Yo!'k is perhaps more interest-ed in retaining chusetts exact figures as to cotton. The last statistics I find are the present duty on nay than even the State of Connecticut, by for the year 1888, which give the production of cotton for that reason of its proximity to the Canadian border, from whence year at 3,438,188,060 pounds, of a value of $292,139,209. The hay can be easily imported and will be imported in great quan­ junior Senator from Texas[Mr. MILLS] tells me that the produc­ tities in competition with our farmers and the farmers of New tion for the year 1893 will not be much over 3,000,000,000 pounds, of York if the duty should be reduced. - a value of about $260,000,000, or less than one-half that of the A gentleman who is surpas~ed by none in the matter of sta­ hay crop. tistics, formerly in charge of the Bureau ()f Statistics, Mr. For one, I do not like to talk sectionalism. I ha_ve as little Nimmo, sent me a communication with regard to the interest sectionalism in my hea.rt perhaps as any Senator on either of New York farmers in having the present duties retaine~, side of the Chamber. Yet I can not refeain, in this connection, and I ask leave to putthe portion of it which I have marked in- from calling attention to the remarkable fact that out of the RECORD. ' 65,766,158 tons of hay produced in the United States, not includ­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. Without objection, it is so ordered. ing the Northern States of Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, The matter referred to is as follows: North Dakota, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Washing­ THE AGRICUL'.rURAL Il\""TERESTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK .AND THE ton, and Wyoming-, the Northern States produced 49,826,365 TARIFF QUESTION. tQ.ns, or about 77 per cent of the whole. :The production o(the The full force of Canadian agricultural competition is thrown a.g@iu,st tho States named is included under the head of· " all other States," _agricultw:e of the State o! New York from the fact thatthefertile pi'oViD.cSJ

e 6000 CONGRESSIONAL. RECO-RD-' SENATE..

of Ontario and Quebec border tha.t State on the north and w.es.t. From a- coun-try have been given by the Senator-from New-Hampshire careiul investigation.I.h- appealed with confidence to th.e majority of the Senate for an plemcnted by the protection extended to manufacturers, New York having_ increase of the proposed duty upon hay. I am.. amazed at the become by far the largest manufacturing State..in the Union. The value of hopefulness of the Senator from New Hampshire. My opinion the products of manufacture in the State of .New York under prntection, in- lB. that the DemOC"""ti' I'Y maJ·Orl· ty are among those who " havm·0' creased from $378,000.000 in 1860, to $1,711,000,00Qtn 1890. 4"' -.. . The farm value-of the-products of agriculture in the. State of Now York_ eyes see- not" and 11 having ears-hear not," and who will not b~ during the census. year 1890 amountedto$161,5!>3,oro, whilethewagesof labru: convinced. Lt does not appear to me to be an agreement of the employed in the manufactures of. the State am.oun.ted to $456,846,642,. having- . increased from 1005,446;759 1n 1860, thus indicating a.n abundant and rapidly Democratic caucus., because when amendments have been drawn- growing home market. Making due allowan.oe for the-larger scope of the in a Democratic caucus, as we understand, although I grant we_ census of 1800, the gain-was over SOOperc:entr h offi.c.iaJ_ o ts of th f th t t How much more important is-the home. market.. than the toreign.market aV9' no rep r 6 proceea· tngs o ose secre mee - to New Yom farmers 1s illustrated by the tollowin~flgures. :Dtn:ing the ings, they seem to: be abandoned or adopted, not according to census year· the-wages prod in the manufacturing establishments or New the:-Demo eratic agreemen.t, but according. to-the. will or pleasure York City and Brooklyn amounted to $295,000,000, while ~ tlie' total amount of one or two Senators. Aa- I said'yesterday, the Senator from paid during ~he-same yea.~ for salaries and.wages on account or· foreign_im- k h nl . a· ports at thaport otNewYorlr,including alLex:Qenses of'colleottng the reve- .Ar ansa& ~ o y to m 1cate what he desires, and the whole nueirom customs, amounted to.$2;700,000. Democratic column.votes · either '' :v.ea" OJ.1 ''nay." In a word; while the-value of-imp-orts at· New-York wa nearly thw same- Now Mr• Pre""l·den·t as has be ofte aid h th t as the value.ot·thepr.oducts of labor in the..m.a.nufactures of New York.and ' · o: .u.. i ' en n s · ere; El · grea - Brooklyn, the manufacturin-g industrles.onhese-cltiesaffordP.donehundred complaint is that the duties derived under th.e. depressed· condi~ and nine times as much employment to -labor as.did the enormous imports tion ot our.. industries are not sufficient to carry on the Govern- attheportofNewYork. The.laboremployedinhomema.nutaetur.es,th-ere- ment Tha Treasury is depleted It has becom fo fore, sup-olies directly andindirectlyalmoso-thaen.tire market.forNewYork, · · e necessary r agricultUre. There is uo possibility of fl.'nding a .. ft>reign. market for. more the Secretary of the Treasury to assume at last doubtful powers, than 2 p¢ of the agricultural-produots.Qf the'State. o! New=York: Al- amttcrsell $50,000,000 of bonds of the Goverment, drawing 4-per most the sole rellim:cem the NewYork'farm-eds_th-erefoxe.in.homemarkets,. cent or 4! per cent',interest. Still it is proposed to deprive the and mainly in..those-o:f.hi&.Qwn State. m;. b d · h d h And now Lbeg-.lea-ve to invit&attentibn to a gras:;r.sectional' dlsorlmina- .L..l:easury of'revenue y re ucmg t e- uty upon ay, tion: The- Cfuty-which: the Demacratic·ma,3ority m the-Sena-te lias-seeured I, fihd_. by refe-rr-ing tsugar-is 41!-pencent;, :md:fo1!r.tce · a.bout1.!0'per-cen~ Tll.e·av-erage: rare or- amount: of re:vennaderived..from duties upon. hay ever received" duty impose.?ndingly ·liberal estim.a.te.. oL th-e.valhe. oL ttie rtce.. crop. oil the: the rev.enuecallfre.tedfrom the p .Qf' crease: the re::venue- derived from duties on hay-a tax, everyone· Tex:as,thelargestcottan-producing_Sta.teoLthe.-Unio.n mu:stadmit,upon.theCanadia;nproducersofhay-buttodecrease The average annual value-of. the·· pot:Ito crop_of. New-York is·about $12,.-- the . importation-s. Last- year a-revenue of. $416r'l-24-86 was- de- OOO~t sem.--e or justice- is there in·impo::Un-g a duty-or- 40 per·cent on'srrgar ri.vedfrom theimportati-orrof 104,18:1..21 tons. The importations andof80percenton-rice,whilethsduty.oiLha.y;isputrat.21 ver::centiandthe· in 18-90, before th.e passage. of the McK"lhley law, amounted to· duty: on p.otatoes at 32 P.ei cent, these ad valDnnns- he-ing-bas.ed on. the:-low $12!,036167. The-· imports-fell, off in 1891 to 29,242.18 tons .under im~r-t va.lua.tion..ot$9.2la toniorh~y a~~7 cents a busheLfor potatoes. the old duty ot. $ .,.. ton-fo-a po-tion of the· ye""·:r. and oo., . The agrlcu].tural and· ma;rro.:rfacturm:g LU\>Orasts of the great State of NeW' 2 Cll ...... w-, ~ 988 59 York ha..ve developed together under a. tarift policy equitable toward..hoth·, tons under the McKinley law under a duty of $4 a ton. In 1892 and framed to meet the double-purpose of, revenue and protection. Under tt::" · · t t' h d d d fj 124 000 t · 1890 to this policy the total wealth of the State in.cr.eased fr.om $1,843,.000.000 1n 1860· u.e unpor a 1on a em·ease rom over , ons 1n · to $8,576,000,000 in 1800. The wages paid to laborirrthe manuf~ctures of the 79,771.87 tons. State also increA.sed from: 65;44:6,76U in.1860 to $46.6,8.ia,.fi421n..1890; a.nd.rapidly The-- VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senato1"s time· has: expired. increased during-the years 1890,1891, and 189.2. Mr. DOLPH. Mr-. President, I will conclude- the fewrem~rks . Tlte nation then committed itself to the adoption of.the policy otlowering I desl·r·e to make on the next· amen.dmen+. It WI.lli take m""· but .~, wages by placing them in open competition with the wages paid to labor in· - ..... v 1:1. foreign countries in so far as relates to all enterprises exposed. to suclr com .,_ minute to do it. pe.tition. This at once disturbed the existing relation of values throughout M LODGE l\ll p · d t I 1 .:1 • · tt. +~ ut- the wholeccountty. The cause-was fully adequate to the.. e.treet . J?roduced. r. · .1.ur. res~ en ' · on Y u.es1re· very·0 'I'J.e..l..LY IJU The equipoise of' the relations sustained-to ea.ch other by the vanous com· ter a word of warning-to> my colleagues-on this side oi th-e Cham.-· mel'Cial and industrialinrerest-sof a.gr.eat nation highly advanced in.civili· ber, for it-seems to me that they have overlooked the-_ economic. zation is always delicate. · · 1e h" h d 1 d h 1 ht 0 th 7th f The prosperity of.1892 will not return until the p.aople of. this country shall prinCIP W lC was· eveJ.Ope ere as t n1g· ~ n . e o emphaticallydecla.rethatt.heconditionswhichelevatetheAmericanlaborer May, for example, as we know, it was sound. policy to put a duty above the laborers ot all other countries must> and shall be derended. on eggs. On the &th. of June that duty disappeared, and inquiry Mr. HAL"EA Mr. President, I had occasion, in some remarks- develo~ed tha fact that the new economic principle which had I submitted to the Senate when the bill first came--in~ from the come in and overruled the former one was the factthat.the. Sena· committee, to contrast the treatment accorded by the-committee_ tor from Maine had displayed ingratitude in speaking. to the.• to the two different industries, rice, which is a Southern indus- Senator from Missouri. try; and hay, which is largely-a Northern industry, and I then Now, Mr. President, hel4'e is a specific proposition giving a expressed the hope that the committee, in looking this· matter 'specific duty of $2 per ton on. hay, but if the Senators on this over and more fully considering it, w·ould conclude to make a side of the Hall continue to make· speeches such. as have been: change in the duty, which was fixed at 20 per cent ad valorem made here this morning, that proposition.. will be abandoned, as reported from the committee. The committee has_i.mproved' We shall return to. the ad valorem duty it they continue in thia the bill, fixing the duty at $2 per ton instead of 20 per cent ad same line of argument. The first thing they know they wili valorem, and to that extent it i& better for the- hay producer find under this new yrinciple of political economy that hay id than as first reported. landed on the free liat. To get up here and state that.fi.ve-sixthA: But the duty is pot enough to protect the- fa1~mer upon the CJf the hay crou is- raised in the Northet~n States is an argument b01'der of Canada against the· ha~ that comes in from the Do- most disastrous to any proper protection on that a-rticle. To ap• minion. T.he transportation cuts no figure whatever. With peal for a duty on hay because it is desieable to protect our mat· the cheap vessels of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, cheaply kets against Canadian invasion, in the interest of our farmersH

manned, cheaply r un, hay can be landed in Boston, Portland, is-a consumption of time. Those are economic arguments whic 1 New-York, Philadelphia, and B-:1ltimore for much less-than we have been passed by and abandoned. The greatand . controllip.~ can send it to those points. The difference between Maine, my argument is that this side, if. it is to have anything tor the iq:! own State, and New Beunswick is so great in labor, in the value dustries whiah it represents, is to. keep silent. !Wticence, st:o of land, and everything· that goes to make up this question that lence, gratitude for the little that is given, are:.. what are. eJt•u thnse:.markets will be filled with the hay of the New Brunswick. peoted from this sjde. farmer. It is a great mist3:ke, Mr. President, if we desire to keep these: The product of Maine alone last yea1: was.$13,000,000 in value. concessions-, as they are called, to getup here and point Qutthaf. It iS: one-of the greatest of all the-products:.· The figures for the· . it is a great Northern industry of Northern farmers. Tha.t is 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 6031

not what ·is asked of us. We are ex-pected to'' bend low, and in wards Senators upon the other side nullified it by availim.g them­ a bondsman's key, with bated breath and whispering humbleness," selves oi a technicality, a fraud, a pretense, a humbug in parlia­ to express our g eatitude because the industries and the products mentary Jaw, by which they could move to strike out. the last; of our States are not wholly destroyed. I desire to point out to word and repeat their speeches, five minutes at a time, adinfi­ my colleaO'ues on this side who have bee-n making these argu- nit•um. So'from day to day and hourtohour the intention oithe ments thi; morning that instead of appealing with confidence to other side has been made manifest-! mean a large number of the ground of reason and good sense and the interests of the the Senat.Qrs on the other side, those who have been most prom­ Northern farmer, the way to preserve anything in the bill that inent in what thev call this discussion. is offered in the way of an improvement is to keep as silent as Mr. PLATT. OI course we mean to defeat it if we can. possible. In that way we may possibly save a few remains of Mr. VEST. The Senator from Connecticut avows it openly. what we consider proper protection to our ~nterests, but not. by Then beat it like men and do not assassinate it by parliamentary making a reasonable argument, and certamly not by showmg tactics and technicalities for delay. The Senator from New that five-sixths of the product comes from the Northern States. Hampshire [Mr. CHANDLER], we are told by the public press, has At the ssme time, Mr. President, we shall continue to oppose kept at the h-ead of the paper he owns and controls in New Ramp­ this bill as before. shire, the epigrammatic enunciation that "it is better to kill Mr. McMILLAN~ Mr. President, the State which I in part time than to kill industries." Everything indicates whau is the represent is affected very seriously by these amendments andre- purpose here. We exhausted more than two hours and a half ductions. Michigan is a great agri-cultural Stat-e, an-d so near here upon eggs. We have now started in to take half a day upon the border of Canada that probably it is affected as much asa.ny hay. At the same ra.te it will take six months before the Senate other. The trouble is that the proposed policy is but one-sided. comestoa. vote upon this measure; and in the meantime business The Canadian is getting all the advantage. They admit free is stricken downlike an ox in the shambles~ and men are holding of duties onlythose commodities in the production of which they up their trembling and hopeless hands from every portion of the have so much the advantage of us as to prevent ns from reach- country asking that this anxiety be terminated. ing their markets. They secure from us unlimited markets for If we on this side refuse to speak in order to save time the their surplus products.. For these favors they give no conces- senior Senator.fromMaine comesin in the afternoon and taunts sions in their tariff on manufactured articles. us and says we are hunted by the Republicans.,, and we are said For the past fifteen years the policy of Canada has been to to be terror-stricken bv his- martial appear-ance and that of the shut out all our American products. In 1878 American products Senator from New Hampshire~ ll you want to beat this bill to the amount of $16,000,000 were sold in Canada. In 1893 we stand up and beat it. sold only $3,000,000 worth. In 1877 Canada imported from this The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Sena:tor's time has expired. country $13,855,079worth of flour and grain, includingpeas. In Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. President-- 1893 the imports were cut down to $1,339,42.9, showing the ad- · Mr. VEST. Let me-add 0116 sentence and I am through. vantage entirely on their side and that they are worJdng di- The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection? r..ectly against the interesus of the American. :Mr. SHERMAN and others. No objections. The Canadian farmer has a double advantage over us, be- Mr. VEST~ I protest, in the language of a distinguished ·cause his land is worth much less than our land; and, secondly, chairman of the and Ways Means Committee of the House years he pays his labor at least 35 per cent les3 than the American. labor ago under sim:ilarcir.cumst.ances~ "If you desire to beat this bill. , receives: Sot in reducing these duties as we seem to- be doing, strike it down in.fair and open.de.hate. Do IJ.Ot let it be nibbled we are working directly against our-owninterestsand.in the in- · to pieces by pismires and kicked to death by grasshoppers. 11 terests of the Canadian farmer., who lives near the State of Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. President, I must confess my surprise M.ichigan and other States adjoining Canada. I would say some- at this lecture coming !rum the Sena.tor from Missouri. I have thing about the other reductions of duty praposed on agricultu- ome recollection of the past, wJJ..ich it seems to me ought to have ral products, but evidently it is not possible to obtain from th-e kept him silent at present. In regard to the McKinley bill and other side oi this Chamber that protection for farm prodnc1a every such bill which. has been brought before the Sena.te since which will retain to our farmers the markets of their own he has been~ member, he has resorted to the same tactics. The State. minority have a right to do it~ and they ought to do it if they Mr. VEST. The Treasury reports show that the people oi the think the measure justifies it. United States received from abroad in~893, $962,221 worth of hay, The McKinley tariff bill was debated here time and ~e again, and we exported for the same year $519,640 worth, half of which and if there. was anyfive-minute limit to the debate it musthave went to Great Britain. This was timethy hay, not clover hay. been very rarely; indeed, I do not know of any case in which it So far as the sectional argument is concerned, the Sta-te of Mis- was agreed to have that ruie adopted in regard to the debate on s.ouri is one of the largest hay-producing States in the Union; . that bill. We, however, ha-ve done it here now, and it has been and, as my friend from Virginia [M-r. HUNTON] reminds me, by the courtesy of this side of the Chamber tha.t this debate is • Virginia is a large hay-producing State, and Texas is a very now limited to five minutes, by means of which our arguments large hay-producing State. So the sectional question can not are broken into fragments. rise except in some partisan imagina-tion~ One-half of the hay The opposition of the Democrats to bills of a similar character that is exported competes with Canadian hay in Great Britain. and to other political measures has gone far beyond any opposi­ Of course, a large portion of the market for the Western and tion which has been shown to this bill. I recall one bill which Southern hay is found in the Northeastern Sta,tes. Our States the majority of the Senate desired to pass, but which was de­ aro as much interested in this question as New England can pos- feated by the minority by prolonged debate. sibly be. Yet the same stale, old, exploded, partisan attack is In aU the tariff bills which have been considered here the made here that every item of the bill has been· constructed upon other side h ave resorted to the same expedients which are now sectional lines. resorted to by this side to secure fair debate; and agreements Mr. President, those of us who assisted in framing the bill were denied over and over again to limit debate on tariff bills, and are expected t.o defend it, labor under great disadvantage because the other side wanted to consume time, and we were in this debate, if it can be called a debate, which I very much compelled to have long sessions in order to pass the bills at all. doubt. We have no cloture rule in the Senate. We are unable It seems to me, therefore, that it does not become the s~m~ to avail ourselves of the majority which we have here. Demo- ator from 1fissouri to lecture this side of the Senate for what I cratic Senators upon whom rests the responsibility refuse to re- regard as very liberal treatment by this side, If we chose to do main here after 6 o'clock and they put us in the hands of the it we could probably defeat this bill by actual resistance and by Repubi.cans upon the other side of the Chamber; and the country availing ourselves of the rules oi the Senate. There is not a should know it. I know and we all know where the responsi- member on this side of the Senate who does not regard this bility l'ests. If our people would stay here and furnish a quo- measure as a measure injurious to the people of the United rum, for one I would insist upon remaining in this Chamber until States, both North and South, and as dest~uctive to our indus­ at least 10 or 11 o'clock every evening and forcing the consider- tries. ation of this measure. The countryto-dayislaboringunder de· It is not our delay which is causing the trouble in the coun­ :pression, anxiety, and solicitude beyond anything ever known try, but it is the fear of your action which paralyzes industry m our history; and Senators upon the other side pretend that in ev-ery part of the United States. We would be justified in they are not filibustering against the bill when every ac~ and resisting-and sometimes I thinkwe will not be excused for not every word they utter shows that it is their inte-nt to beat it resisting-this measure to the same extent that measures intro- ' and to keep the McKinley law in operation and upon the statute duced by us were resisted by the other side of the Chamber. book. ' As I have said, they have defeated one important measure, and The first agreement we had was that general debate should thus set a bad example for the future, of a minority defeating close in two weeks.. It lasted five weeks. We then upan yes- the will of the majority. terday made an agreement under the five-minute rule, and every I am one o-i those old-fashioned Senators who believe th-at we Senator .who-was present understood the meaning o1 it. After- have the right to free and fair debate; that. we ought to be 1'6'-" 6032· CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 9, .

strained only by such limits as our own reason should dictate, briefly these amendments, because of their_ tactics in the man­ and not such as should be settleQ. by the other side. Any at­ agement of the bill. Therefore, so far as I am concerned, Ire­ ; tempt by the other side to prevent us from exercising our power sent absolutely the suggestion made by the Senator from Mis­ and to restrain debate comes with ill ·grace from them. souri. We must determine the matter for ourselves, as we have de­ Mr. HOAR. I desire to ask a question before the Senator sits termined it, as I determine it for myself. Others around me down. What is his recollection, as one of the oldest members have expressed the opinion I enterhin, that we shall give to this of the Senate, of the construction of the five-minute rule in re­ measure only that opposition which is demanded by the inter­ gard to the right to offer form3l amendments?' What has been ests of our people-not to defeat the will of the majority, but so the practice of the Senate? that the will of the majority as exercised here shall not be Mr. ALLISON. Under our five-minute rule there is no need wrongful, unjust, and destructive t{) all American industries. of offering formal amendments. The Senator from Massachu­ That is the way we fee) about it. _ setts may, if he chooses, offer amendments without limit, as I I, for one, do not intend to utter a single word or spend a single may offer amendments, on this paragraph regarding hay, from minutetoprevent the action of the majority on this bill: because now until Sunday morning comes in. I believe it is the constitutional right of a majority to pass such Mr. BERRY. The Senator did not-- legislation as they think proper; but we must determine for our­ Mr. ALLISON. I can not allow myself to be disturbed, as I selves the extent of our opposition, and how far it shall be car­ have only five minutes. , ' ried. I have known these formal amendments to be made in this The plan of moving to strike out the nrst or the last word in Chamber, although it is not usual, for the reason that there is no a clause in order to gain an additional five minutes for debate necessity for doing it. I call the attention of the Senator from has been resorted to over and over again, as Senators on the Missouri to the fact that, although the Senator from Massachu­ other side of the Chamber know, and it has never been objected setts has supposed the universal custom was to offer formal to.- Our power to extend debate is almost unlimited. It is our amendments, it was within his power to offer amendments with­ courtesy which ha5 enabled the other side to have the debate out limit to the paragraph under consideration. Therefore, it carried on under the five-minute rule, and I hope the usual cour­ is sticking in the bark for the Senator from Missouri to talk tesy will be extended to our side. II this concession is not about this side engaging in offering amendments merely for the granted to us, it will only create resistance. The motion to prolongation of time. It is absurd. strike out the last word of a olause, or the first word, or to insert The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator's time has expired. a word, has always been adopted as a means of getting an addi­ The question is on the amendment proposed by the Senator from tional five minutes. It is done in the other House, and has been New Hampshire. done here. Mr. GALLINGER. On which I ask for the yeas and nays. Mr. DOLPH. I ask the Senator if it has not been done dur­ Mr. DOLPH. Let the amendment be reported. ing the whole period of his service in the Senate? The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment will be stated. Mr. SHERMAN. It has always been done. I do not recall­ The Secretary read the amendment proposed by Mr. GAL- perhaps I am mistaken in that-any case in which the Demo­ LINGER. cratic minority yielded to the five-minute rule of debate on a The yeas and nays were ordered, and the Secretary proceeded tariff bill. If Senators say they do remember such a case as that, to call the roll. - I do not. Their custom has been always to resist to the fullest Mr. CAFFERY (when his name was called). I am paired with extent to satisfy their own sense of duty and their duty to their the Senator from Montana [Mr. PowER}. I transfer that pair constituents. to the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. BLACKBURN], and vote Mr. ALLISON. Mr. President, I am surprised that the Sen­ 11 nay." ator from Missouri this morning undertook to lecture both sides M;t·. CHANDLER (when his name was called). I am paired of the Chamber and to assume that, because we desire limited with the junior Senator from New York [Mr. MuRPHY]. i debate upon these schedules, we are intending to defeat this bill shall not make this announcement again to-day. If the Sena­ by filibustering methods; and I am especially surprised that he tor from New York were present I should vote" yea." should m!lke statements respecting the conduct of this bill here­ Mr. HIGGINS (when his name was called '. I am paired with tofore. the senior Senator from New Jersey [Mr. McPHERSON]. If he The Senator sn,ys that we had two weeks allowed for general were here I should vote "yea." debate, and that instead we have occupied five weeks. · No Sen­ Mr. McMILLAN (when his name was c!ill.ed). I am paired ator knows better than the Senator from Missouri that we never with the Senator from Louisiana [Mr. BLANCHARD]. had any time for general debate, two weeks or otherwise. I dis­ Mr. MANDERSON (when his name was called). I am paired tinctly stated when a suggestion of that kind was made that it ·with the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. BLACKBURN]. The Sen­ was a new project in the ;;enate; that we never had, as they ator from Louisiana [Mr. CAFFERY] is paired with the Senato1· have in the House of Representatives, what is known as general from Montana [Mr. POWER]. We have transferred those pairs, debate, and then limiting the debate to five minutes. When I so that the Senator from Kentucky will stand paired with. the said that, the venerable Senator from Tennessee [Mr. HARRIS] Senator from Montana [Mr. POWERj, and vote "yea." admitted its truth and said we could debate this bill to eternity Mr. MITCHELL of Wisconsin (when his name was called). I 1f we so chose. am paired with the Senator from Wyoming [Mr. CAREY], but I Now, the Senator from Missouri comes in and undertakes to transfer that pair to the Senator from South Carolina [Mr. IRBY] say that because there- was a suggestion of a debate for two and vote'' nay." - weeks before 'the schedules should be read we were cut off from Mr. MORRILL (when his name was called). I am paired with debate. No such idea ever prevailed on this side of the Cham­ the Senator from Florida [Mt·. CALL], and therefore withhold ber or on that. The- Senator from Mi~souri, as every other Sen­ my vote. · at{)r on that side of the Chamber, knew there was no limitation Mr. PALMER (when his name was called). I transfer my of debate in this Chamber, no such thing as general debate, and pair with the Senator from North Dakota [Mr. HANSBROUGH] yet he talks about two weeks' general debate. to the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. LINDSAY] and vote" nay.' The Senator says that Senators on this side intend to defeat Mr. PATTON (when his name was called). I again announce the bill by filibustering, and he illustrates by our spending two my pair with the junior Senator from Maryland [Mr. GIBSON]. hours yest-erday on eggs. Is it not important that we should If he were present I should vote "yea." spend a couple of hours upon a question like that, especially Mr. PETTIGREW (when his name was called). I am paired when, as I am ready to believe, it was by his "dictation that these with the junior Senator from West Virginia [Mr. CAMDEN]. If very amendments were wired in and wired out. he were present I should vote "yea." The Committee on Finance gave us notice on the 7th day of The roll call was concluded. May that they would propose a dutv on eggs; they led us to Mr. CAREY. I inquire whether the Senator from Washing- slumber here as to hostility to that~ amendment, but the very ton [Mr. SQUIRE] has voted? ' moment \vhen it was reached, and after, as I stated on the floor The VICE-PRESIDENT. He has not voted. . yesterday, I had committed myself by letter and by speech to· Mr. CAREY. I was temporarily absent. I am informed that those who were greatly interested in this industry, stating that the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. MITCHELL], with whom I am the Democratic committee had conceded a duty upon this arti­ paired, has transferred his pair with me to the Senator from cle, we were told that the committee withdrew this amendment, South Carolina [Mr. IRBY]. I transfer my pair to the Senator _ and then the Senator from Missouri ta.lks about two hours in from Washington [Mr. SQillRE] so that I can vote. I vote debate. ''yea." Mr. President, more than half the time occupied in this de-­ Mr. CULLOM (after having voted in the affirmative). I voted bate has been occupied by that side of the Chamber in the most without observing the absence from the Chamber of the senior triflin~ resistance to amendments which would not have been Senator from Delaware [Mr. GRAY]. I withdraw my vote. mat-er1al to the bill. They stand here and force us to_discuss Mr. DANIEL. I am just informed that the Senator from

{ l I 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 6033

Georgia [Mr. WALSH] is absent. I transfer my pair with the Mr. VEST. I will.not take it out of the Senator's time. It Senator from Washington [Mr. SQUIRE] to the Senator from can be taken out of my own time. Georgia and vote '' nay." Mr. DOLPH. Very well. · Mr. CAREY. I was informed that the Senator from Wash­ Mr. VEST: I simply want to say. injustice to myself, that in ington was not paired on this voteJ and I transferred my pair to the sixteen years I have been here-and since the Senatodrom him. I -inquire if the Senator from. Virginia has a regular pair Ohio [Mr. SHERMAN] has spoken I have endeavored tJ remem­ with the Senator from Washington? ber-! do not recollect that this practice has ever obtained in Mr. DANIEL. I have. the Senate. In order to make myself accurate about it I re­ Mr. CAREY. I was not aware of that. I do not wish to em­ ferred to the highest parliamentary authority we have, on-e· of barrass the Senator from Virginia in his position at all, and so our clerks, who came here a number of years ago, and who is I shall withdraw my vote. The Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. skilled in the business of parliamentary law, about which I do MITCHELL] transferred his pair to the Senator from South Car­ not pretend to be an expert. He says such a custom has never olina [Mr. IRBY], and being informed that the Senator from obtained in this body; and I have no recollection of ever having Washington was not paired on this vote, I transferred my pair heard of such a custom obtaining before. to that Senator, leaving him paired with the Senator from South I know it obtains in the State Legislatures and in the House Carolina. of Represent3.tives; but we have never done it in the Senate. Mr. DANIEL. I haye a standing pair with the Senator from My understanding of the agreement made the other day-I m:lke Washington [Mr. SQUIRE], which I havealwaysobserved, unless no accusation ag-ainst anybody, but I st:1te my own undei'st::md­ in cases in which we well understood each other. ing (of course, if it is without mutuality it amounts to nothing)­ Mr. CAREY. Then I withdraw my vote. was that the five-minute rule in spirit should be applied; ~md Mr. DANIEL. As the matt9r stands, it is all right. I can after a Senator bad spoken five minutes upon an amendment, - withdraw my vote for the present. I do not wish to embarrass that was the end of it. the Senator from Wyoming. _ Mr. DOLPH. I myself remember a bund,red instances-! can Mr. CAREY. The Senator need not withdraw his vote. not point them out at this moment-but I have seen it done a Mr. MITCHELL of vVis::!onsin·. I have transferred my pair hundred times in the Senate in the eleven years I have been \vith the Senator from Wyoming [Mr. CAREY] to the Senator hera,.and I have no doubt I could find in the RECORD many hun­ from South Carolina [Mr. IRBY], and that enables the Senator dred instances where it bas been done, if I Sbt myself to look the !rom Wyoming and me to vote. question up, the statement of the highest authority on parlia­ Mr. CAREY. Very well. Then I shall let my vote stand. mentary usage to the contrary notwithstanding. The result was announced-yeas 2~, nays 24; as follows: Something bas been said in regard to the agreement that we should have generg,l debate on the bill for two weeks. There YEAS--20. was a colloquy in regard to that question, and it was understood Aldrich, Dubois, Manderson, Quay, by everybody, and it was so stated by the Senator from Tenne~ Allison, Frye, Pel'l'er, Sherman, Carey, GaJlinger, Perkins, Shoup, see[Mr. HARRIS], that that would not prevent any Senator from Dixon, Hale, Platt, Teller, making a lengthy speech on this bill on any item after we com­ Dolph, Hoar, Power, Washburn. menced the consideration of the items. NAYS-24. I have already referred to the present agreement, an agree- ·- ·· ment secured by the consent of this side. I am willing to abide Ben'Y. Harris, Martin, Pugh, by it; but if we are to be constantly scolded .and constantly ac­ Cal'l'ery, Hunton, Mills~ Roach, Cockrell, Jarvis, Mitchell, Wis. Smith, cused of bt·eaking our agreement, I shall join with the Senator Coke, Jones, Ark. Morgan, Turpie, from Pennsylvania (Mr. QuAY]J and we shall have no more Daniel, Kyle. PalmPr, Vest, agreements in regard to the five-minute rule during the con­ George, McLaurin, Pasco, Voorhees. sideration of this bill. NOT VOTI)iG-41. Mr. ALDRICH. Will the Senator allow me a moment? Mr. DOLPH. My time is limited. Allen, Davis, Jones, Nev. Ransom, Bate, Faulkner, Lindsay. Squire, Mr. ALDRICH. I will only take a moment. Blackburn, Gibson, Lodge. Stewart, Mr. DOLPH. Very well. Blanchard, Gordon, McMillan, Vilas, Mr. ALDRICH. The understanding, when the five-minute Bri ~ e. Gorman, McPherson, Walsh, Butler, Gray, Mitchell, Oregon White, rule was adopted, was that if any Senator desired to speak ten Call. Hansbrough, Morrill, Wilson, minutes upon any subject in which he felt a particular interest Camden, Hawley, Murphy, Wolcott. he should have the right to ask that privilege, with the under- Cameron, Higgins, Patton, Chandler, Hill, Pettigrew, standing that it would be granted. · Cullom, Irby, Proctor. Mr. VEST. He was not supposed to move to strike out the last word in a clause for the purpose of taking more time. So the amendment was rejected Mr. ALDRICH. He was tohave tenminuteswithout moving Mr. DOLPH. I move to amend paragraph 199, after the word any amendment. ''dollars," by inserting ; 'and fifty cents." Mr. DOLPH. The Senator from Missouri c1.lls the attention The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment will be stated. of the country as to who is responsible for the delay in the pas­ The SECRETARY. After the word "dollars/' in line 6, it is sage of this bill. The majority here have been committed, by proposed to insert "and fifty cents;" so as to read: their opposition to Republican measures in this Senate, against Hay ~2.50 per ton. the cloture rule; they know they could get a vot? for such a rule Mr. DOLPH. I make no apology for occupying the time of now, but they will not adopt a cloture rule in tlle Senate. The the Senate. I am willing that the Senate should know and that Senator from Missouri calls attention to .the delinquency of his the country should know that if I could prevail upon the minor­ own side of the Chamber. He says the Democratic Senators ity in the cenate to agree that we should enter upon a contest will not stay here after 6 o'clock. of physical endurance with the majority in the Senate and en­ In regard to the pending question of hay, it is no answer to deavor to prevent the final vote from ever being taken upon this the charge that the p ;:- ovision in regard to bay is sectional to bill, I should be very glad to do so, but I shall act with the ma­ say· that hay is produced in the Southern States. Everyone jority of my own party in the Senate, and whatever policy they knows that hay is -a bulky article, and that the cost of .transpor­ agree upon I shall submit to. ~ tation is very large in proportion to its price; and the question I wish to say that the agreement under which we are proceed­ of free hay does not affect the production of hay in any of the ing was entered into yesterday in my absence, but I shall en­ Southern States of the Union. deavor to ke~p it in_ letter and spirit. t kno_w, and so does every If it affects the price at all, it is only in the States along our Senator on either s1de of the Chamber know, that ever since I northern border. I do not think it do2s affect the price of hay, have been in the Senate it has been customary for Senators on but it crowds out the American product, a,nd requiresourfarmers both sides, who were not satisfied with having spoken for five to grow something else in the place of hay, which comes in com­ minutes on any amendment, to move another merely formal petition with the other States of the Union, and the effect of it amendment, for the purpose of extending their remarks five is to g-ive the money to relieve the Canadian producers, as I have minutes more. That has coma to be the practice in regard to said, from the payment of duties into our Treasury. It is a sec­ this rule, and Senators who complain about it know that is so tional provision which does not a ffect injuriously the fa.rm ars in as well as I do. The Senator from Ohio [Mr. SHERMAN] and any other States, except the States along our northern border. the Senator from Iowa [Mr. ALLISON] have stated this morning If it did, if it affected the price of hay in the State of Missouri that during their long service in the Senate that bad been the or the State of Virginia, the duty would be very speedily changed universal custom. and put b:wk to the McKinley rate: Mr. VEST. Will the Senator al!o·;r &~one word? Mr. PLATT. Mr. President, I rise to speak with the gt·eat­ M1·, DOLPH. Not in my time. est timidity, but here is acrop which is in value annua1ly $570,- X.XVI-378

' ' 6034 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 9,

000,000, and it does seem as though I might be permitted to given to them. If, under the ..rules of the Senate~ an amend­ have at least ten minutes upon.a matter of this magnitude. At ment to an amendment is in order, this agreement, which con­ this particular time, however, I have a. grievance against the fines debate on an amendment which is in order to five minutes, Senator from Illinois [Mr. PALMER]. He said yesterday, as fol­ certainly will not interfere with any amendment, even if it should lows: be a formal or an inconsequential one. I should say, therefore, · I confess when I hear Senators from New England defending the agricul­ that, under such wording as this, it would not be out of order ture of their States and speaking of the ag1·1culture of their States I am for a Senator to offer any amendment, even a formal one. I do very much inclined to think-ana [trust I shall not be regarded as being un­ kind when I stat~ not, however, myself believe much in the idea of doing it, though I think any Senator has a right to do it. Nobody ever regards the Senator as unkind- Mr. HALE. Mr. President, it does not seem to make any that New England agriculture 1s abundantly protected. Think of it! Think of the blessings that Boston must enjoy from the following provisions in difference, so far· as the using up of time is concerned, whether, the pending bill : when an amendment is pending, a Senator moves to strike out "Beans, 20 per cent ad valorem. t he last word in the -clause or moves to strike out $1 and insert "Beans, peas, mushroons, and other vegetables, prepared or preserved, in tins, jars, bottles, or otherwise, and pickles and sauces of all kinds, 30 per $.2, 01; moves to strike out six years and insert five. There is cent ad valorem. nothing in the point which is made that there is any breach of "Cabbages, 2 cents each. good faith in Senators doing this. It has been done repeatedly "Cider, 3 cents per ga.llon. "Eggs, 3 cents per dozen. in the Senate. I h ave seen it done on appropriation bills when "Eggs, yolk or, 15 per cent ad valorem. I was managing appropriation bills myself. When a Senator in " H oney, 10 cants per gallon." charge of an appropriation bill gets the five-minute rule applied, It does seem to me that covers about all there is of the agticultm·e of New England. [Laught-er.] a Senator who desires to speak at greater length tlian that rule allows will move to strike out the last word. I have done it I ask that Senator if he has not some little compunction of myself. It is not an abuEe, it is nota device, it is not a dodge; it '· conscience when, after having told us that those articles em­ is simply taking that course in order to get the right to speak five braced about all the agriculture there is in New England, he minutes more. voted against giving a duty upon four of them and for putting The Senat0r from Missouri says that under this interpPeta­ them on the free list. If we had so little, why could he not tion-and I think nobody disputes that that is the legitimate in­ - have allowed that to remain? Did he go upon the literal scrip­ terpretation-this rule is of no advantage in hastening results. tm-al idea that "whosoever hath, to him shall be given; and The Senator is wrong about that. The great gain is attained whosoever hath not, from him shall be taken, even that which that each Senator in speaking is confined to five minutes, and it he seemeth to have.:' will only be in rare cases where anybody will resort to the other Then the Senato1· wenton to say: motion in order to gain ten minutes. The general effect of ap­ In New England, agriculture, to speak seriously, is but a mere incident. plyingthefive-minute rule is, as everybody of experience knows, Tbi~ little" incident" amounts to $56,000,000 annually t-o New to cut off long speeches. England; and it does·seem to me, when the present amendment As I have s::tid, I have seen it tr~ed time and time aguin in proposes only an addition of 50 cents per ton to the rate pro­ running appropriation bills. There is never but one result, that posed by the committee, that that ought to be conceded t-o us. after debate ha.s run along for some tirue on an amendment or Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. President, I avail myself of the nrivi­ on a particular clause of the measure, the five-minute rule is ap­ lege of the five-minute rnle to call attention to the action of the plied. Everybody understands there will be here and there Senate heretofore in regard to debate under that rule. As this someone who will wish to talk ten minutes; but as a general is a matter of honor between Senators, it is of the highest im­ thing, Senators confine themselves to five minutes. portance that it be thoroughly understood, so that we shall not The present agreement in fact was madeonasuggestionwhich go one step beyond what is right. I find here in the Journal of came from this side of the Chamber; it was agreed to by every­ February 28,1879, when I was not a member of the Senate, that body, and it is intended to carry it out ingoodfaith. There was during the pendency of an appropriation bill, on motion of Mr. a modification, which was a tribute to the good sense of the Sen­ Windom, it was ate, that if any Senator, when the rule was applied, took a par­ Ordered, That debate on amendments to the bill be confined to five min­ ticular interest in a certain item he should have ten minutes. utes by any Senator on the pending motion. A Senator might move to strike out the last word, proceed to Before that time it could have been done without any order. address the Senate, and stop at the end of five minutes and ask Then commenced the custom of having this oriler repeated on consent to continue, and it would be given to him. Nobody yes­ appropriation bills. terday in the discussion of the items in this schedule went be­ I have inquired also of the experienced officer of the Senate yond ten minutes, and very few took up ten minutes. who keeps the Journal of the Senate, and he say that the rule If the Senator from Missouri thinks he has gained nothing in has never been applied to a tariff _bill. It was proposed during expediting the bill by the application of this rule, he is very the pendency of the McKinley bill to adopt this rule in regard much mistaken. It is my idea that when you get to items which, to some of the schedules, but the proposition was declined by while they are important to localities, have not the general the Democrats. So we really on this side concede to the Demo­ scope of larger items, the five-minute rule gives the best debate, cratic majority now what was denied by them and what bas for then II).en's thoughts are compressed into short space, and the never been granted in the consideration of any-tariff bill. subject is presented in a better and clearer way than by long Mr. VEST. If the Senator from Ohio will permit me, I wish to speeches. In my service in the House of Representatives I al­ say to him frankly that under the construction he puts upon this ways considered that the best debate was that under the five­ rule, I do not regard it as amounting to anything. So far as I minute rule. Anyone there could move to strike out the last am personally concerned, I would not regard this agreement as word, but it was only a thing resorted to infrequently. amounting to anything at all in the way of hastening the time ThePRESIDINGOFFICER(Mr. PAsco in the chair). As the in which a vote is to be rea.ched. purpose of the present debate seems to be to determine the mean­ Mr. SHERMAN. There is no doubt that under the agree­ ing of a general-consent agreement made yesterday; and as the ment, made unanimously by the Senate, an amendment being present occupant of the chai.r was in the chair at that time, he pending, any amendment, however incongruous, however foolish, suggests that the consent agreement be read. The Chair will would be in order, though I do not like the idea of moving to further state that the Senator from Maine [Mr. HALE] at the strike ou.t the last word or the first word in a clause. I think time proposed a method of procedure when a Senator desired there ought be some substantial amendment;· yet, under the more than five minutes. The paragraph will be read. rule any amendment which is parliamentarily in order can be Mr. HOAR rose. - moved. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The paragraph will be read, Mr. BERRY. I did not hear the Senator distinctly, but I and then the Chair will recognize the Senator from Massachu- want to ask him a question. If I understood the Senator cor­ setts. .. rectly, he said that his informant stated that these pro forma Mr. HOAR. I rose principally for the sake of asking to have amendments never had been made where there was an agree­ the paragraph to which the Presiding Officer refers read. ment by unanimous_consent, but only when the Senate was act­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. It will be read. ing under the five-minute rule. Is that a correct statement? The Secretary read as follows: Mr. SHERMAN. I donotknowanythingaboutthat. I have Mr. HALE. Let there be a. gene.:ral understanding, which everyone will as­ not looked at the record, but my impression is that it would be sent to, that in case there is some article in which a Sena.tor- entirely in order under this R.greement to propose a mere formal Mr. HOAR. The Se01·etary did not begin reading at the amendment to an amendment. proper place, Mr. President. Mr. BERRY. The Senator will not state that it ever has The PRESIDING OFFICER. What the Senator f1·om Mas­ been done where an agreement was entered into by unanimous sachusetts desires to have read will be read subsequently. con sent~ That is the point I wished to ask him about. Mr. HOAR. The reading should have begun with the state­ Mr. SHERMAN. A fair construction of the words should be ment of the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. WASHBUIL1'c]. 1894. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 6035

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Ch.air will direct that to the Chair on the pending amendment have spoken, and then he be read also. The Secretary will continue the reading of the has to move a new amendment and begin over again. Practi­ paragraph. ca.Ily that has operated both in this and the other House, not The Secretary read as follows: only as a large but as an ample and sufficient method of confin­ Mr. HALE. Let there be a general unders&a.nding, which eve1·yone will as­ ing deb::tte within reasonable and proper limits. sent to, that in case there is solll9 article in which a. Senator is interested Now, I hope my honorable friend from Missouri will think specin.Uy for his constituents he may speak ten minutes by leave of the Sen­ ate. lt is a thing that will not be abused by anybody. We shall have the over the suggestion that this is a breach o.f faith and a fraud, general proposition under the five-minute rule applied to the rest of the and will see that other Senators may possibly ha-ye views of par­ schedute. liamentary law and of propriety of proceeding on which they The PRESIDING OFFICER. Now the Secretary will read, h ave a right to act and which are entitled to as much respect commencing at the point suggested by the Senator from Massa­ in their minds as his views are in his mind. chusetts. Mr. WASHBURN. Before the Senator from Massachusetts Mr. HOAR. I will read it myself, if the Chair please. takes his seat I should like to ask him if that which he states The PRESfDING OFFICER. The Senator from Massachu­ has always been the understanding? It seems to me this whole setts will proceed. question hinges very much on wha.t has been the practice of the Mr. HOAR. I should like to have the attention of the Sen­ Senate under the five-minute rule. ator from Missouri and other Senators upon the othersideof the Mr. HOAR. That has been conceded on both sides. Chamber, because however earnest or angry our political de­ .Mr. WASHBURN. It h::tS been stated that in the considera­ bates may bacome, I should be very sorry indeed to have any tion of tariff bills it never has been applied. . Senator on the other side of the Chamber or on this side suspect Mr. HOAR. We never had a five-minute rule on a tariff bill. any other Senator of having been willfully, knowingly, or care­ Mr. WASHBURN. But if it was to be applied on the pending lessly guilty of a breach of .faith; and I do not think we gain bill, I should like to ask the Senato1· from Massachusetts why much in our conduct of the public business by exchanging such the Senator from Rhode Island ma.de this sug-gestion: sugg-estions. · That whenever any Senator desires to speak on a particular paragraph not exceeding ten minutes, he may have leave to do so. Day before yesterday the Senator from Tennessee ~ked unan­ imous consent that debate should be limited to five minutes. I Mr. HOAR. Because that is to extend the same speech right think it was day before yesterday. I roBe in my place and said on at once. · to the Senator that I never would consent to such an arrange­ _Mr. WASHBURN. Itwould be the same speech under amo­ - I ment on a tariff bill, and that although I did not object to tion to strike out the last word. arrangements being made by the two sides of the Chamber, I de­ Mr. HOAR. Oh, no; the Senator whose time has expired has sired him to understand that in proposing any arrangement he to sit down and abandon the floor and wait until the pending would find that objected to always; that I did not think it was amendment is disposed of. Allow me to add one word. Teasonable to cut off Senators with five minutes on important The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there be no objection, the amendments which might come up. I was out of my seat yes­ Senator from Massachusetts will be allowed to proceed. terday when this arrangement was made, but of course I should Mr. HOAR. Every Senator who has spoken on this side, the expect to have governed myself by it as if I had been present and Senator from Iowa, ilie Senator from Maine, the Sanator from taken part in it. I make no point on that. But is is agreed, as I Ohio, has asserted that so far as he is coucerned that has been undet•stand, that where the Benate is acting under five-minute the practice of the Sen:tte in interpreting the five-minute rule. _ rule that rule has the interpretation which the Senator from Now, when this agreement was asked, the Senator from Maine Iowa and the Senator from Maine and other Senators have stated, got up and insisted that it should not be a unanimous consent and which it h~s in the-House of Representatives. Where you agreement to stop in five minutes, but that it should be the five­ are acting under the five-minute rule you take that rule with minute rule applied in this and the other House, and that came the interpretation which has always been put upon it. after I had given notice to the Senator from Tennessee that I But it is said that this is a unanimous-consent agreement, never would consent to a unanimous consent understr.nding to which is a different thing. Mr. President, see how carefully the cut off debate at the end of five minutes. · Senate and the Senators on this side of the Chamber kept that The PRESIDING OFFlCER. The question is on agreeing tO in mind. The Senator trom Minnesota [Mr. W ASHBU;RNJ said the amendment proposed by the Senator from Oregon [Mr. yest-et·day morning: DOLPH]. :b1r. President, it seems t<> me there has been a. bout time enough expended Mr. HOAR. And that is the ground on which these charges on this schedule in making speeches on general principles. and for one I of breach of faith against us have been made. should like to see it brought to a reasonable termination. I therefore ask unanimous consent that turtber debate on the schedule be limited to five Mr. HIGGINS. I wish to say just a few words on the amend­ minutes. ment. Mr. HALE. Under the ftve-minute'rule? Mr. BERRY. We on this side were unable to hear the last Mr. W .ASHBURN. Under the .five-minute rule. - Mr. HALE. That the five-minute rule be applied to the r est of the sched­ remark m ade by..the Senator from Massachusetts. ule? 1.-fr. HOAR. I will repeat the remark. I said that is the Mr. W ASHBUR...~. Yes; I make tha.t request. ground on which Senators upon the other side throw their Mr. ALnrucH. I suggest to the Senator from Minnesota th.a.themodify the proposition in the fm:m suggested by me yesterday, that wherever any Sena­ charges of breach of faith at this side. tor desires to speak on a. paruicnlar paragraph not exceeding ten minntes he Mr. HIGGINS. Mr. President, it seems to me that a reduc­ m ay have lea>e to do so. tion of duty on bay has a certain element of wantonness about Mr. HALE. Let there be a general understanding, which everyone wm as­ sent to, that in case there is some article in which a Senator is interested it. I do not know of any Northern sentiment which calls for it. specially fo1· his constituents he may speak ten minutes by leave of the Sen­ I do not know that it concerns even remotely the importers in ate. It is a. thing that will not be abused by anybody. We shall have the NewYork,or Boston, or Philadelphia. I do not know that even g eneral proposition under th.e five-minute rule applied to the rest of the schedule. the ~.1:ugwumps or the doctrinaires would be vexed if the pres­ Mr. WASHBURN. Very well. I think there will be no objection. ent duty should be retained on h ay, and if we exclude them I Mr. VEST. I should be very glad it our friends on the other side would ex· know of no Northern sentiment that demands it. The manu­ tend it to the three succeeding schedul-es. fact ~rers of the North are not asking for it, for they are willing Mr. HALE. That will come later. l'>'Ir. VEST. Of course, under the rules of the Senate, we are bound. to take to have a high tariff for the farmer as well as one for them­ what we can get. selves. The farmers of the North surely do not want it. Who Mr. HARRIS. 1 did not hear the .suggestion. in the North therefore does want it? I do not believe it will be ~'Ir. HALE. It is to apply the five-minute rule to the rest of the schedule. contended that anyone does. Then why on earth should the So, weare under th-efi ve-minute rule insisted upon by the Sena- South insist upon this blow? It is no concern to them. tor from Maine, in contradistinction to a proposition for a unani­ The characteristic of hay as a product is that it seeks a near mous consent agreement that there should be only five-minute market, and when it is brought to a distant market it is not speeches. brought from the North to the South, although it possibly may ·Now, the Senator from Missouri s.ays, "What do the majority be brought from the South to the North, and to that extent be who wish to hasten business get if a Senator can move a pro a benefit to the Southern farmer. I know last year when in the forma. amendment and then speak to it:m They get what the Northwestern section of the country the hay crop was ehort and whole hi:>tory of this debate and other debates like it shows is there was a still shorter crop in Europe and in England, where a very great advantage, indeed; that is. that the pa.rticular it went to nearly $50 a ton, and hay from this section of the speech of the Senator has to stop in five minutes except by country was shipped abroad largely. that hay was brought from umnimoUB consent, and he has to sit down and have somebody the West to the East, but it did not come from the South to the else recognized. I have but one sentence more. If a Senator North even under the extraordinary circumshnces of the high rises he has to speak at that time not long-e.r than five minutes price that obtained last year under peculiar circumstances. and stop. - The ground upon which the South goes in its attack u~ H he wants to spe~k longer he has either to get unanimous Northern industries is that high duties mean high taxes an'd couRant ~r wait until such other Senators as are recognized by high prices for things that the South wants to buy cheap; bu~ '\

6036 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 9,

that does not include hay. It is absolutely no good to them to Mr. VEST. The amendment is withdrawn. The duties are have Northern hay low. It is no harm to have Northern hay to remain as they are in the bill as it came from the other high There is no inducement of selfishness on their part that House. • is concerned in it. There is but one person who can be helped, Mr. DOLPH. I desire to make an inquiry in regard to par­ a.nd that is the Canadian farmer. There is but one interest that agraph 201. can be served, and that is the foreigner. There is but one in­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. It was passed over in the ab­ terest that can be destroyed, and that is the American interest. sence of the Senator from Oregon. There is nothing about this but its unpatriotism, and there Mr. VEST. That paragraph was passed over. seems to be no reason except that all on the Democratic side are Mr. DOLPH. I am willing, so far as I am concerned, that it possessed as with the devil. They are taken possession of by a shall now be taken up. theory. Mr. SHERMAN. The duty is fixed at 8 cents a pound. Mr. SHERMAN (in his seat). To say "evil spirit" would ·be The PRESIDING OFFICER. Paragraph 201, then, is be!ol'e better. . the Senate, and will again be read. Mr. HIGGINS. To say the" evil spirit," it is suggested, would The Secretary read the paragraph, as follows: be better. 201. Hops, 8 cents per pound. Mr. HOAR. The Senator from Texas [Mr. MILLS] used the word ''devil." Mr. DOLPH. Mr. President, the committee amendment hav­ Mr. HIGGINS. They are taken possession of by a theory, and ing been withdrawn, I move to strike out" 8 cents," in the sec­ they go forward with a sort of mechanical precision to apply it ond line, and insert" 15 cents," which is the McKinley rate of as relentlessly as the car of Juggernaut was ever dragged over duty. I shall not take up much of the time of the Senate. From its victims. · past experience, I despair of being able to secure the adoption This is their day. It was their day this morning when they of any amendment whicn will increase the duty upon any of invaded every farmhouse in this land, North and South, and these articles. I ·am not as hopeful in regard to any of them as struck at the thrifty economy of the housewife. To-day they the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. GALLINGER]. At the let in Canadian hay at a low duty, and one that will not exclude same time, if I were to sit idle in the Senatea.ndpermitthis par­ it, to the injury of the Northern farmer. From both, Mr. Pres­ agraph to pass without saying anything my constituents would idnet, will come an answer as swift and as strong as the right think I was not alert to protect their interest. arm of men can deliver it, and as swift and.as strong as women Mr. President, the hop-growing industryisagreatindustry in oo.n get men to deliver it. I want no better votes than votes to New York, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin, and perhaps in take the duty off of eggs and to reduce the duty on hay with other States. which to flO before my people or any of the people of the North. As is known, the tariff under the act of 1883 was 8 cents a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing pound and under the McKinley law 15 cents a pound. Under to the amendment proposed by the Senator from Oregon [Mr. the Wilson bill as it came to the Senat-e it is proposed that the DOLPH]. duty shall be reduced to 8 cents a pound, and I understand the The amendment was rejected. committee, although they proposed an ad valorem rate, now The Secretary read the next paragraph, as follows: propose that the duty of 8 cents shall stand. 200. ~oney, 10 cents per gallon. In 1889, before the McKinley law was passed, we ex·ported 32,- 758 bales. In 1892 our exports had nearly doubled, and we ex­ The Committee on Finance :reported an amendment, to strike ported 64,276 bales. In 1~89 we imported 17,396 bales. In 1890, out "10 cents per gallon" and insert ''20 per cent ad valorem." the McKinley law being in operation a part of the year, our im­ Mr. VEST. The amendment is withdrawn. ports were raduced to 9,437 bales, and in 1892, under the opera­ ThePRESIDINGOFFICER. The amendment is withdrawn. tion of the McKinley law, our imports decreased to 6,538 bales. The reading of the bill will be proceeded with. The Senator from Delaware [Mr. GRAY], while my colleague The Secretary read the next paragraph, as follows: [Mr. MITCHELL] was addressing the Senate upon the subject of • 201. Hops, 8 cents per·pound. hops, since the bill hall been under consideration, asked what -- The Committee on Finance reported an amendment in para­ has been the price of hops per pound. I am informed that for graph 201, to strike out" 8 cents per pound" and insert" 20 per some time prior to the McKinley law the price of hops in this cent ad valorem. country averaged 20 cents a pound, and since that time it has Mr. VEST. Theamendmentis withdrawn. The rateremains averaged 26 cents a pound. So it will be seen that our impor­ at 8 cents a pound. tations have. decreased from over 17,000 bales to 6,538 bales, Mr. ALDRICH. The Senator from Oregon [Mr. DOLPH] is while the average price of hops in the United States has been very much interested in the question of the duty on hops; and increased 6 cents a pound. I suggest that the paragraph be passed over temporarily, and To reduce the duty on hops to 8 cents a pound will tncrease that we go on with the bill until he returns w the Chamber. our importations and decrease our home production, and who Mr. VEST. Of course, with the understanding that we shall will be benefited? It will benefit foreigners and the brewers. go back to it when he comes in. It will not benefit the retail dealers in beer. It will not benefit The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there is no objection, para­ the consumers of beer. The price of beer, wholesale and retail, graph 201 will be passed over. will be the same as it is now, and will not be reduced, but the Mr. HALE. How is the paragraph left? Does the original brewers will get all tbe advantage. proposition, 8 cents per pound, remain? Now, here is a proposition w reduce a duty, which will inuro Mr. VEST. It is leftat8 cents a pound. to the benefit of the brewers of this country, a class limited in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Paragraph 201 is passed over number, to the detriment of the producers, the agriculturists of for the present at the suggestion of the Senator from Rhode Oregon, Washington, New York,and Wisconsin. This industry Island. The reading will ba proceeded with. is getting to be a great industry in my State. The Secretary read the next paragraph, as follows: The Willamette Valley, which is two-thirds or three-fourths a~ large in its arable land as the territory of Belgium, a country 202. Onions, 20 cents per bushel. which supports 6,000,000 people, is adapted to the raising of hops. The Committee on Finance reported an amendment in para­ We have now in cultivation over 5,000 acres, and if the duty is graph 202,line 12, to strike out '' 20 cents per bushel" and insert not decreased, if the industry is not destroyed or injured it will u 20 per cent a-d valorem." rapidly increase, and it will not be ten years until we shall have Mr. VES'l\ The amendment is withdrawn. twenty-five or perhaps fifty thousand acr·es of land in the Wil­ The PRESIDING O.H'FICER. The amendment is withdrawn. lamette Valley in the cultivation of hops if the demand re­ . The Secretary re:1d the next paragraph, as follows; quires it. :a>3. Peas, dried, 20 cents per bushel; split -peas, 50 cents per bushel of The bill, as it is proposed by the majority to pass i. t, will destroy sixty pounds; peas in cartons, papers, or other small packages, 1 cent per our wool industry; it will destroy our lumber indust.ry; it will ponnd do great harm to our State. I ask the majority why the duty on The Committee on Finance reported an amendment in para­ hops should ba reduced and a blow be given to that industryto graph 203, line 14, after the word "dried," to strike out" 20 benefit the brewer;, of this country and no one else? cents per bushel;" in line 15, after the word "peas," to strike Mr. VEST. Mr. President, I do not believe that the dem·ease out" 50 cents per bushel of 60 pounds;" in line 17, before the of this duty will injure the hop-growers of Washington nnd word "peas," to insert the word "and;" and in lineo18, after Oregon, and I sincerely hope it will not. We are informed by the word" packages," to strike out" 1 cent peP pound," and in­ brewers who claim to be fully acquainted with this subject, that sert" 20 per cent ad valorem;" so as to make the paragraph there are CE\rtain qualities of hops which they must have, and read: · which can not be produced in this co:mtry. Peas, dried, split peas, and peas in cartons, papers, or other small The Treasury reports show that the imported hops are much packages, 20 per cent a.d valorem. more valuable, bringing more in the market than the ordinary .. ,

1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 6037

hops geown in the United States. · Under the present duty the The SECRETARY. Inparagraph201, linelO:strikeout" eight" hop industry has done very well, and !think it will continue to and insert "fifteen;" so as to read: dowell. We imported in 1893$1,100,878. We exported $2,695,- Hops, 15 cents per pound. 867. We imported in pounds, 2,657,365, and exported 11,367,035 pounds. We put a larg~ duty upon beer, and if we give the Mr. PEFFER. H.ow does that compare with the rate in the brewers their raw m9.terials at a fair valuation, it is nothing but present law? - right. Mr. DOLPH. It is the same rate. I do not care about going into the temperance aspect of the Mr. ALDRiCH. It is the same. ques"tion·. I have my own personal o~inion in reg:ar:d .to that. Mr. DOLPH. I ask for the yeas and nays on agreeing to the Leaving that out of the case, I recogmze the brewmg mdustry amendment. as a very large one. We tax it, and we oug-ht to treat it just The yeas and nays were ordered, and the Secretary proceeded exact.y as we treat all other manufactures. We are attempting to call the roll. to lower all the import duties. This diminution of duty is a Mr. CULLOM (when his name was called). Tam paired with small one; in fact it would not amount to a great deal as to the the senior Senator from Delaware [Mr. GRAY]. I~ he were pres- - growers of hops, an article which is largely speculative, fluctu­ ent I should vote "yea." - ating in value from year to year. Taken altogether, in my judg­ Mr. HIGGINS (when his name-was called). I am paired with ment no injustice has been done. the senior Senator from New Jersey [Mr. McPHERSON]. If he Mr. PERKINS. Mr. President, I merely desire to ask the were present I should vote "yea." Senator from Missouri a question. California is especially in­ Mr. MORRILL (when his name was called). I am paired with terested in the cultivation and raising of hops. Like Oregon the senior Senator from Florida [Mr. CALL], and therefore with­ and Washington, hops have thriven there remarkably well. hold my vote. The quality produced is equal to that produced in any other Mr. PALMER (when his name was called). I transfer my pair country in the world. I notice that the reduction of the· duty with the Senator from North Dakota [Mr. HANSBROUGH] to the on hops amounts to over 40 per cent, while the average reduc­ Senator from Kentucky [Mr. LINDSAY], and vote "nay." tion of the bill is about 30 per cent. Why should the reduction Mr. PAT'l'ON (when his name was called). I am paired with be made so much Ja.rger proportionately upon hops than upon the junior Senator from Maryland [Mr. GIBSON], who is not other articles? present. Mr. VEST. The Senator from California must be mistaken Mr. QUAY (when his name was called). Is the Senatorfrom when he su.ys the reduction is 40 per cent, f\..labama [Mr. MORGAN] recorded as voting? .Mr. PERKINS. It is reduced from 15 cents to 8 cents. The PRESIDING OFFICER. He is not. Mr. VEST. Under the McKfllley act the rate is 15- cents a Mr. QUAY. I am paired with the Senator from Alabama [Mr. pound, or 36 per cent ad va.lorem equivalent. The . duty we MORGAN], and withhold my vote. · propose is 20 per cent, an_d that is the equivalent of 8 cents a The -roll call was concluded. pound. Mr. DOLPH. My colleague [Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon] is ·Mr. PERKINS. It is proposed to reduce it from 15 cents to 8 unavoidably absent from the Senate. He is pair~d with the cents a pound. senior Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. VILASl. If my colleague Mr. V~ST. The equivalent of 15 cents·a pound is 36 per cent were here he would vote" yea" on the amendment. I announce ad ·valorem. We propose ·20 per cent. Eight cents a pound is his pair and will not repeat it during the day. My colleague over one-half of 15 cents, which would be 19.28 per cent. The will not be here to-day, and will stand paired on all votes with Senator is mistaken in his estimate. The reduction is not so the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. VILASl. great. Mr. TURPIE. I have a right to vote in the absence of a Mr. DOLPH. I should like to ask the Senatorfrom Missouri, quorum. I vote 11 nay." if the Senator from California will permit me, whether the re­ Mr. CAREY. I inquire if the junior Senator from Wiscon- duction of the duty on hops to the brewers will cheapen at all sin [Mr. MIT,W!ELL] has voted? the price oi beer to the consumer? The PRESTDING OFFICER. He has not voted. Mr. VEST. I can not undertake to say inl'egard to that. I Mr. CAREY. · Then I withhold my vote. do not believe it will. Mr. MANDERSON. . I am paired with the Senator from.Ken­ 11r. PERKINS. If the Senator will permit me, the question tucky [Mr. BLACK L. ...: : ~]. I will vote, however, if my vote is of the mercantile value of hops is not under considerationatth-is needed to make a quorum, and if it will not change the result. 1 time. Under the present law there is a specific duty of 15 cents I vote ' yea." ' a pound. Mr. MORRILL. If it is necessary to make a quol."nm, I will Mr. VEST. That, is the equivalent, if the Senator will permit vote. I vote '' yea." me. Mr. DANIEL. I am informed that the Senator from New Mr. PERKINS. The Senator proposes to reduce the duty to York [Mr. MURPHY] is paired with tbeSenatorfromNewHamp­ 8 cents a pound. 1 shire [Mr. CHANDLER]. I beg leave t::> transfer my pair with Mr. VEST. Eight cents is more than one-half of15 cents. the Senator from Washington [Mr. SQUIRE] to the Senator from Mr. PERKINS. If hops were but 10 cents a pound, what per­ New York [Mr. MURPHY], so that the Senn.tor from New Hamp­ centage of reduction would that be? At all events, without go­ shire [Mr. CHANDLER] and I may vote. With that understand- ing into any mathematical calculation, hops vary in price. I ing I vote'' nay." • have known the mercantile value of hops in the market of Cali­ Mr. CHANDLER. I vote " yea." fornia to r.ange in one year from 15 cents to 80 cents a pound. The result was announced-yelts 20, nays 27, as follows: Mr. VEST. There is no doubt about that. YEAS-20. Mr. PERKINS. But the duty is now proposed to be reduced Aldrich, Dubois, McMillan, Platt, from a specific duty of 15 cents a pound to 8 cents a pound, Allison, Frye, Manderson, Power, nearly one-half. Chandler, Gallinger, Morrill, Sherman, Dixon, Hale, Perkins, Shoup, Mr. PEKKINS. 0£ course, I am very grateful that the Sena­ Dolph, Hoar, Pettigrew, Teller. tor has changed the rate from an ad valorem to a specific, and I very gladly agree to the provision in that respect, we can NAYS-27. if Berry, George, Mills, Smith, not convince him that he should permit the present law to stand, Blanchard, Harris, Palmer, Turpie, as I much prefer a specific rate of 8 cents a pound rather than Catrery, Hunton, Pasco, Vest, I Camden, Jarvis;' Petrer, Voorhees, 20 per cent ad valorem. wish to show my appreciation by Cockrell, Jones, Ark. Pugh, Walsh, thanking the Senator for placing a specific duty upon it. Coke, McLaurin, U.ansom, White. Mr. DOLPH. I understand the bill as it came from the other Daniel, .Martin, Roach, House contained a specific rate; the Senate committee amend­ NOT VOTING-38. ment proposed an ad valorem rate, and that amendment is with­ Allen, Faulkner, Jones, Nev. Proctor, -· drawn, leaving the duty specific. Is that correct? Bat-e, Gibson, Kyle, Quay, Blackburn, Gordon, Lindsay, Squire, Mr. VEST. The amendment is withdrawn, and we go back to Brice, Gorman, Lodge, Stewart, the provision as it stands in the bill as it came from the other Butler, Gray, McPherson, Vilas, Hoqse. - Call, Hansbrough, Mitchell, Oregon Washburn, Cameron, Hawley, Mitchell, Wis. Wilson, Mr. DOLPH. Let the vote be taken. I do not want to pro- Carey, Hia:gins, Morgan, Wolcott, long the debate. _ Cullom, Hill, Murphy, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Thequestion is on agreeing to Davis, Irby, Patton, the amend~ent proposed by the Senator frOI!J. Oregon [Mr. So the amendment was rejected. DoLPH]. The Secretary read as follows: Mr. PEFFER. Let the amendment be stated. 20J. Potatoes, 10 cents per bushel of 60 pounds. 6038 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 9,

The PRESIDING OFFICER.. The Chair calls the attention of American productions and placed actively in competition, the result being a breaking down of paying prices for American seeds, and consequently a of the Senator from Arkans1s to the fact that the Senate bas reduction of farm wages and farm profit. passed paragraph 203t. Is it desired to offer the amendment in­ Such a condition is most decidedly marked in the case of turnip seeds, the dicated in the bill? growing of which by Americans, once an interest of large extent, has almost It is not intended to offer-the amend- entirely ceased-the foreign article, with the 20 per cent duty, and ocean Mr. JONES of Arkansas. freight paid, being landed ordinarily at a price of 8 cents per pound. while mont. _ an American can not grow it at less than 12 cent.s. And so with seeds of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment is withdrawn. radish, spinach, cabbage, and many other. seeds. The Wilson blll now pro­ poses to remove the 20 per cent duty and make the di1Terence still more to The reading of the bill will proceed. the disadvantage of the American seed grower. Mr. HALE. There is so much noise I could not hear what the Under free entry of garden seed many more varieties will cease to be Senator from Arkansas said. grown and many seed farmers, the most progressive men in their d.istricts, will be forced to labor in other directions. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I said we do not propose to offer the While in the ordinary pursuit of agriculture the grower of hay will, under amendment of which we gave notice, reading- the Wilson bill, have a protiection of 33 per cent against Canadian hay; 20 Plants, trees, shrubs, and vines of an kinds, etc. per cent against oats, barley, and rye; 25 per cent agail:lst potatoes, and 50 per cent against rice, the operator in the higher development of agricul­ Mr. HALE. The Senator refers to the proposed paragraph tiUre-seed-growing, the art of agriculture-will have no protection what­ between paraO'raph 203 and 204. That is not to be offered't ever. JONESoof Arkansas. It is not to be offered. The articles Consequently we, for ourselves, as seed growers, merchants, and business Mr. men, and for our employ~s. petition that garden seeds be reta.ined upon the embraced in ii will remain on the free list. 20 per cent list, as at present. The Secretary read the next paragraph, as follows: 0. L.. Allen, Floral Park, N. Y.; Albertus N. Clark, Milford, Conn.; Henry F. Michell, Philadelphia; H. G. Faust & Co., Philadel­ 204. Pota.toes, 10 cents per bn'Shel of 60 pounds. phia; W. H. Maule, Philadelphia; W. Atlee Burpee & Co., The Committee on Finance reported an amendment in para­ Philadelphia; Weeber & Don, New York City; J. M. Lupton, Mattituck, N. Y.; Comstock, Ferre & Co., Wethersfield, Conn.; graph 20±, line 24:, to strike out" 10 cents per bushel of 60 J. Bolgiano & Son., Baltimore, Md.; Johnson & Stokes, Phil­ pounds" and insert "30 per cent ad valorem." adel1Jhia; Willia.m Meggat, Wethersfield, Conn.; Henry A. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I withdraw the committee amend­ Dreer, Philadelphia; D. Landreth & Sons., Philadelphia; Rob­ ert Buist, jr., Phila.delphi:~.; Johnson, Robbins & Co., Weth­ ment, and move to strike out" ten" and insert Hfifteen," so as ersfield, Conn.; Z. De Forest Ely & Co., Philadelphia. to read: Potatoes, 15 cents per bushel of 60 pounds. Mr. PLATT. I also have here a letter addressed by the seed­ growing firm of Johnson, Robbins & Co., of Wethersfield, in The amendment was agreed to. my State, to Mr. SPERRY, of the House of Representatives, 'The Secretary read as follows: , which I think sets forth very clearly the necessity of a duty ol Seeds: 205. Casto.rbeans or seeds, 25 cents per bushel a! 50 pounds. 20 per cent ad valorem. I shall not take the time of the Senate 205. Flaxseed or linseed, poppy seed, and other on seeds, not speeia.lly pro­ to read the letter, but ask that it may be put in the RECORD. vided for in this act, 20 cents per bushel of 56 pounds, but no drawback shall ThePRESIDINGOFFICER. Is there objection? The Chair be allowed on oil cake made from imported seed. hears none. It is so ordered. 1\ir.JONESof Arkansas. At the end of paragraph 206Imove The letter is as follows: ,. to strike out: WETHERSFIELD, CONN., :DecEmber 15,1893. But no drnwba.ck shall be allowed on oil calm made from Imported seed. DEAR Sm: Our attention is called to the fact that in the bill reported by the majority ot the- Committee on Ways and Means, garden seeds are on the The amendment was agreed to. tree list. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Imovetofnsertasanewparagraph: The facts are briefly a.s. follows-: We can contract. in France to gr-ow tur­ 205t Garden seeds, agricttltiUral seeds.. and other seeds notl specially-pro- nip seed at 8 cents per pound., and haV&had it altered as low as 5cen.ts. Here -videa for in this act, 10 per cent ad valorem. it would cost at least 20 cents a pound. We bu:y: beet seed in France at 5 to 8 cents per pound. Here it would cost to grow It 12 to 15 cents; We can buy Ml'. PLATT. I move tostrikeout'~ ten "and inser-t"' twenty." cabbage seed abroad at 18 cents per pound. Here it costs 50 cent.s to growit. Land, it is well known, is dearer in Europe than here. The difterence is in I do not wish to take up the time of the Senate, but I desire to the cost ot labor alone. · introduce into the RECORD a memorial which was sent to the The seed grown in America is much bettel.' for American use than foreign Senate and House of Representatives, signed by ~resen~ative seed, but no inspection by the buyer will reveal the dU!erence. Dealers will not buy the American seed on account of the great difterence in price. The seed growers and seed merchants in the United States. gardener gets his foreign seed somewhat cheaper, bnt by no means gets tho ThePRESIDINGOFFICER. Isthereobjectiontotherequest full benetl.t of the difference in cost, and he loses a. great deal or money of the Senator from Connecticut? The Chair hears none. through the inferiority of the foreign seed without knowing the cause ot his troubles. I! there ever was a case fo1·protect1on this is one, but we have not The memorial is as follows: been favored with protection. The present duty is 20 per cent. This is sim­ To tiLe members of tlteSenateand HotMe of Rep1'esentatives of tl~ UAited. State8: ply a revenue duty. It tnctdenta.lly accomplishes the purpose of aiding ' those of us who grow seeds for the intelligent gardeners_ who know they can Sms: We, rep1·esentative seed growers and seed merchants of the United not afford to buy the seed in question unless they are sure of their quality. States, in convention assembled at Philadelphia this 13th day of February, A specific duty whlch would keep out the poorer grades of European seeds 189-1, ueg leave to enter our protest against the reduction. of the duty upon would be even better tor the real intel.'ests of all agri~ttl turists. 11 'YOU can garden seeds 3.'3 destructive to the most advanced branch of agricUlture. do anything to change the tariff bill in this particular you will help a large The late United Stat-es census reJ.>ort shows that there are in the United interesti:n:yourdistrict, and will greatly oblige, States 596 seed farms (evidently an mcomplete retiUrn), with a. total or 169,- Yours, respectfully, 951 acres, 96,500 acres of which are devoted exclus;ively to the growing of JOHNSON, ROBBINS & GO. vegetable and ftower seeds, while quite 1,000,000 bushels of selected grains H 1..·l.l. LEWIS SPERRY, o! corn, wheat, and oats for seed are grown on other fa.rm5 not included in HQUBe of RepreseJltatives, TVaakington,. C'. this enumeration. n. The report shows that of the 596 seed farms 258 are in the North Atlantic Mr. PLATT. I shall ~ot ask for a division, as the Senate is division; 157 are in the No1·th central division; 89 are in the South Atlantic division; 57 are in the South central division; 35 are in the Western division; thin, but I will ask for a vote on the amendment to the amend­ t.otal, 596. men._t. The value of the implements used in the culture of the seed crops of these The PRESIDING OE'FICER. The question is on agreeing to · farms is $221,736; the value of the farms, buildings, and implements is stated to be $18,325,000; the number of farm employ~s are reported as 13,500 men, the amendment proposed by the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. 1,540 women; ~e the number of horses employed is 4. 419. Quite 90 per cent PLATT] to the amendment of the Senator from Arkansas. The of these farms have come into existence since 1860, but the seed farmers now amendment to the amendment will be stated. are much depressed by an almost l?a.ralyzing competition from England, France, Germany, and other countries. The SECRETARY. In the proposed paragraph, 206~, strike out It will be unfortunate if any legislation should be enacted which would " ten" and insert " twenty/' so as to read: further depress the agricultural interest, at on((e the most scientific, the Garden seeds, agricultu:r.al seeds, and other seeds not specially provided most technical. the most exhaustive of all farm operations. The market gardeners or truckers of the United States, men who plant a for in this act, Wper cent ad valorem. portion of the seed produced by the American seed ta.rmers, cultivate 534,000 The amendment to the amendment was rejected. acres, producing a value ot "truck" amounting to $76.500,000. Upwards of $100,000,000 are invested in market-gardening establ1shments, while 241,000 The amendment was agreed to. hands are employed, aided by 76,000 horses and. mules and $10,000,000 worth The Secretary read the next paragraph, as follows: of implements. 207. Vegetables in theii· natural stn.te, not specially provided for in this act, The successful prosecution of trucking first of all depends upon the vi~ality and purity of the seed produced by the seed farmer, consequently any reduc­ 10 per cent ad valorem. tion of the American seed product, unquestionably purer and more vital Mr. ALDRICH.. I move to strike out" 10" and insert ''25,11 than any imported product, works a serious injury to the market gardene-r so as to read, "25 per cent ad valorem." That is the existing or trucker who has to plant the seed. ra.te. Ten per cent on vegetables in the natural state certainly In view of the importance or our business to ourselves and our employ~s. and to the 241,000 people employed_ upon truck farms, we place upon recor

-'Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I move to insert as a new para- Mr. JONES of Arkansas. After the word "dates" I move to graph. insert " and pineapples;" so as to read: · roi~. Te~es, 15 per cent ad valorem. Dates and pineapples, 20 per cent ad valorem. The amendment was agreed to. ' The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. The Secretary read the next paragraph, as follows: The amendment as amended was ag-reed to. Mr. PERKINS. If the Senator from Arkansas will permit 208.~~hovies, sardines. and other fish packed in oil, in tinr::boxes, or in any other form, 30 per cent ad valorem. me, as paragraphs 213 and 2l7 bear directly upon the same sub­ ject-matter, it seems to me it would simplify the proceeding to The Committee on Finance reported an amendment in para­ strike out paragraph 213 and consider the Zante currants where ~rraph 203, line 17, before the words "per cent," to strike out the they again appear in section 217. word " thirty" and insert "twenty-five." Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The committee amendment is with­ 1\Ir. JONES of Arkansas. Zante currants are in9luGrapes, _plums, and prunes, 20 per cent ad valorem. The Secretary read the next paragraph, as follows: The Committee on Finance re~orted an amendment in par~­ 211 Fisb in cans or packages made or tin or other materia.l.. except an­ graph 214, line 11, to strike out 'plums, and prunes." chovies and sardines and fish packed in any oth~ manner, not especially The amendment was agreed to. enumerated or provided for in thls act, 25 per cent ad valorem. The next amendment of the Committee on Finance \Vas to Mr. JONES .of Arkansas. In paragraph 211, line 17, belore strike. out paragraph 215, in the following words: the words "per cent," I move to strike out "twenty-five" and F'igs, 20 per cent ad valorem. insert "twanty;" s.o as w make the rate 20 per cent ad Y"alorem.. The amendment was agreed to. The-amendment was ~reed to. T.he next amendment of the Committ-ee on Finance was to in- Mr. FRYE. I ask unanimous consent that the junior Senator sert as a new paragraph the following: from M:>.ssa~huaetts [Mr. LODGE] may, when he comes in, be at liberty to offer an amendment touching certain sea mosses at 215}. Olives, green or prepared, 20 per c.ent ad valorem. this point. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. There is no objection to that. The Secretary rea-d the next paragraph, as follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection? The Chair 215. Oranges, lemons, and limes, in packages, at the rate of 8 cents per hears none. The reading of the bill will proceed. cubic foot of ca.pn.city; in bulk, 31.50 per 1,000; and in addition thereto a duty or to percent ad valorem upon the boxes or barrels containing such or-anges, The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was to lemons, or limes. strike out paragraph 212 in the following words: 212. Cans or _packages, made of tin or oth.er metal, contaln.ing shellfish ad­ Mr. HALE. I offer the amendment which I send t.o the desk. • mitted free of duty. not exceeding 1 quart in contents, shall be subject to I ask the attention of tbe Senator from Arkansas to the amend­ a. duty of 8 cents per dozen cans or packages; and when exceeding 1 quart, ment. shall be subject to an additional duty of 4 ceLts per dozen for each addi~ t1onal half quart or fractional part thereof. • The SECRETARY. At the end of paragraph 216 insert thefol­ lowing proviso: . The amendment was agreed to. Provided, Than the thin wood, so-called, comprising the sides, tops, and The reading of the bill was continued, as follows: bottoms of orange and lemon boxes, of the growth and manufacture ot the Fruits and nuts: United States, exported as orange and lemon box shooks, ma.y be reimported Fruits- in complete form, filled with oranges and lemons, by the payment of duty at The Committee on Finance reported an amendment to insert ~~~~~~~e~te imposed on similar boxes of entirely foreign growth and as a new paragraph: 213. Apples, green or ripe, dried, desiccated, evaporated, or prepared in any Mr. HALE. I do not think the Senator will object to the manner, :.'Oper cent ad valorem. amendment when I state the circumstances. It is a matter which The amendment was agreed to. was left with the Senator from Maryland [Mr. GoRMAN], who, as The Secretary read the next paragraph, as follows: the Senator knows, is ill, and copies of the paper have been sent 213a. CUrrants, Zan t-o or other, 10 per cent ad valorem. to me asking me to present the amendment, as he is not here. The Committee on Finance reported an amendment in para­ It comes from the fact which I shall state. The Senator knows graph 213a after the word ''currants," to strike out" Zante or that whole boxes that are sent abroad and filled abroad, are, un­ other, ten," and insert ." twenty," so as to make the paragraph deraprovision·on page 92, broughtfree of duty. Of late years the read: practice has grown and increased of sending over the thin wood sides, tops, and bottoms of these boxes. The foreign importer Currants, 20 per cent ad valorem. fills up the boxes with the other parts, and then they are ae.nt The amendment was agreed to. here. Just about half of the value is in the wood that goes from Mr. ALDRICH. I have some remarks to make upon Zante here and just about halfis covered by what comes in from abroad. currants, but I am quite willing to defer them until we reach The amendment provides that one-half of the duty of this, what paragraph 217, when I shall have some suggestions to make upon is called thin wood, shall be applied. the subject. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. There is no obje<}tion to the propo­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The.. reading of the bill will be sition. proceeded with. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to The Committee on Finance reported an amendment to insert the amendment proposed by the Senator from Maine [Mr. as a new paragraph: · HALE]. 213b. Dates, 20 per cent ad valorem. The amendment was agreed to.

-' r

6040 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. JUNE 9,

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The reading of the bill will importer of currants. This letter shows that upon the value in proceed. Greece the duty of H cents a pound is very ne3.rly 300 per cent The Secretary read the next paragraph, as follows: ad valorem, the_dutiable value in Greece being five thousand two 217. Raisins and other dried grapes, 1! cents per pound. hundred and forty-one ten-thousandths of a cent a pound, or a The Committee on Finance report to amend the paragraph on trifle over half a cent a pound. I will state that I know Mr. nage 48, line 22, before the word "and." to strike out "Raisins," Nordlinger personally and have known him for many years, and and insert "Plums, prunes, :figs, raisins;" and in line 23, after I can vouch for his character and the accuracy of the sta.tements the word "grapes," to insert "including Zante currants;" and which he makes. in the same line to strike out the words ·'one and one-half cents The PRESIDING OFFICER. The letter will be inserted in a pound" and insert" 30 per cent ad valorem." the RECORD, in the absence of objection. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The amendment of the committee The letter is a.s follows: NEW YOR~, May 25, 1894. inserting "30 per cent ad valorem" is withdrawn, leaving the DEAR Sm: I have the pleasure of submitting you herewith origiqal com­ words" one and one-half cents per pound" stand. mercial invoice of Mr. A. D. Cremidi, of Patras, dated November 14 , 1893, for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The paragraph will be read as P R B J"bu-100 barrels currants per steamship Dora to New York, showing the free-on-board value of £72 6s. 4d. for cwts. 294.0.18, equal to 4s. lld. cwt.. it stands. 112 pounds, free on board Greece. Deduct from this: Packing and shipping The SE;lcretary read as follows: charges, 6d. cwt.; Government and municipal dues, 1s. 8d. cwt.; commis· • 217. Plums, prunes, figs, raisins, and other dried grapes, including Zante sions and brokera~e , 4d. cwt.=28. 6d. cwt. in Greece, and you have the du­ currants, 1! cents per pound. tiable first-cost value of 2s. 5d. cwt., 11~ pounds, at exchange of $4..866.5=53.70 cents per 112 pounds; or ·Nicio cent per pound (a fraction over one-half cent Mr. ALDRICH. There is no paragraph of the bill that bet­ per pound), and if this Government should ask a duty on currants of q cents ter illustrates its miscellaneous character and the methods which per pound, such duty would be nearly 300 per cent ad valorem. have been used in its construction than the paragraph now un­ Yours, very truly, J.D. NORDLI~GER. der consideration. I will take first the item of the paragraph WILLIAM H. 'WILEY, Esq., Oitv. which fixes the duty upon Zante currants at H cents a pound. By the ts.riff act of 187i a duty was placed upon Zante and other invoice of one hundred barrels of cur,·ants shipped per steamship IJora to New currants of 1 cent a pound. That rate remamed up to 1890. In York direct, for order and account of whom it may concern, and conai(}nea to 1890, on account of representations made to the Government of order. the United States by the Greek Government, that Zante cur­ Pounds. rants could be produced nowhere else in the world, and it was 't.~e~.:~~~~·- ~~:: -~~~==~: ~~:: ::::~::::: 3~; ~~ important to encourage trade relations with the people of Greece, :::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::: Zante currants were placed upon the free list by the unanimous 31,299 vote of Republicans and Democrats. · £ 8. d. Zante currants are an article used in every household in the Cwt. 294.0,18 at 68. 3d. Gt ------·---·········------·------· 91 18 6 United States. So far as any article of fruit can be said to be a Freight payable at New York, T. 16.1.3.5, at 25s. per ton full. ______20 2 ~ necessary of life Zante currants are a necessary of life. They 71 16 f are a cheap, inexpensive fruit, and by placing them upon the Consul's fees ...... ----···· ...... ·------····---·-··----.·... 10 o free list two great interests were served, :first! giving the com­ Free on board.·------····------72 6 f mon people common, cheap fruit; second, ·by extending our E. 0. and 0. E. trade with a country with which the people of the United States A. D. CREMIDI, Shipper. have ever held the friendliest relations. Now, this is a propo­ P .ATRAS, November 14, 1893. sition to take those currants from the free list and impose upon Mr. ALDRICH. This proposition has another phase to which them a duty of 300 per cent on their foreign value. • I think the attenti9n of the Senate ought to be called. The We hear very often in the Chamber from Senators;upon the proposition as I have suggested is to impose a duty upon Zante other side about the enormous ad valorem rates that were im­ currants of from 150 to 300 per cent ad valorem. 'rhis phase of posed by the McKinley act upon necessaries of life. I challenge the question has been called to the attention of the Government Senators upon the other side to find a parallel to this in any tariff of the United States by a representative of the Greek Govern­ legislation in recent years proposed by a Republican or aDem­ ment in the city of New York, and I ask leave to insert in my ocratic Congress. Here is an article that is a necessary of life remarks his letter to the Secretary of State and the Secretary taken from the free list and a duty of 300 per cent ad valorem of State's response. I shall not stop to read them. , placed upon it. For what? There can be but one answer to that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The letters will be inserted, in question, I think. It was necessarytosecurethevoteforthisbill the absence of objection. The Chair hears none. of the junior Senator from California [Mr. WHITE], who is now The letters are as follows: giving me his attention. I imagine that this is one of the induce­ [No. 1947.] CONSULATE-GENERAL OF GREECE, ments in that direction. There certainly can benopublicrea-son New York, Ma11 19, 1894. for this action that I can conceive. Sm: I have the honor to call, most respectfully, the attention o! your ex­ I will put in the RECORD a statement of the importations of cellency to the enormous import duty which, in the amendments to the bill (H. R. 4864) submitted to the Senate on the 7th instant by Senator JONES, is currants from Greece to the United States from 1882 to 1893, put on Greek currants, commonly called "Zante currants." showing that ·after they were put upon the free list the .quantity In the tariff bill, which passed the House or Representatives February 1, of importations had not increased largely, and showing that the currants in general, including Zante currants, are taxed 10 per cent ad valorem. fruit-growers of California are not in any danger of being de­ In the Senate bill (H. R. 4864), currants in general are taxed 20 per cent ad stroyed on account of the great importations of Zante currants. valorem, as follows: · The importation, in fact, in 1~82~ with a duty of a cent a pound, "Art. 213 a. Currants, 20 per cent ad valorem." But in article 217 (H. R. 4.864), a discriminating duty Is put on " Zante cur­ was within 1,000,000 pounds of what it was in 1893, when it had rants," which are taxed 20 per cent. Said article reads as follows; "Art. been upon the free list three years, being in- one case 32,000,000 217. Plums, prunes, figs, raisin:-~, and other dried grapes, including Zante pounds and in the other case 33,000,000 pounds. currants. 30 per cent ad valorem." It will thus be seen that a discrimination, amounting to 10 per cent, is dis. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The statement will be inserted tinctly made against this product of Greece. in the RECORD, if there be no objection. The Chair hears none. But this is not all. In the amendments proposed by Senator JoNEs and The statement is as follows: made public on the 7th instant, "Zante currants" are taxed 1! cents per pound. 'l'hts duty at the present prices of currants in Greece (1 cent per Importation of currants from G-reece into the United States and d"ties Zevied on pound) amounts to 150 per cent ad valorem, and on this basis a discriminat­ same by the United States. ing duty of 130 per cent is put on this product of Greece. This is cvntrary both to the spirit as well as to the letter of the treaty of Duty at commerce and navigation between the United States and Greece, signed in Year. Pounds. 1 cent per London, December 10-22, 1837, and which is still in force. Article Vill, par­ pound. agraph 2, of said treaty, reads as follows: "ART. 8. And, reciprocally. there shall not be established in the United 32,592,231 States of America, on the products of the soil or industry of the Kingdom 1882- ·------·-· ---.. ·-·-·. ------.. --·-.... -·------$325,923 of Greece, any prohibition or restriction of importation or exportation, nor 1883------·-----·------. -----·----· ·------31,171, 171 311.711 any duties of any kind or denomination whatsoever, unless such prohibi­ 1884------·-·------·----· ·----· -----· ------· ------32,743,712 327,m tions, restrictions, and duties be lilcewise established upon articles of like 1885 ---~--- ·----- .. --·-. ------· ------·-----·--- 25, 53-J, 507 255,345 nature, the growth of any other country." 1886. ·-----·----· ...... ------22,623, 171 226,231 29,196,393 As by the aforesaid amendments to the taritl' bill a discriminating duty of 1887- -·--.----· .. ----.--... ------·---. ---- ·----- 291,963 130 per cent is proposed to be levied on a. product of Greece, I trust that your 1888- ___ : ...... ------·------·-----·----· 30, 036, 42-i 305,364 28,866,035 excellency will call the attention of Congress to this important point, so that 1889 ·-·-·-· ...... ------.... ------·------288,660 any action as t.o the duty on ·• Zante currants" may be in conformity with 1890-----... ----.... -.-.... ----·------· ---· ------· ---- 26,895,589 268,955 treaty stipulations, as well as with equity and justice towards a nation witli 1891 ... _. ___ ---...... -.... ·------· ------·------33,128,140 Free. which both the Government and the people of this country are on the most 1892.------. ----· ----.---·------·------36,665,828 Free. 33 166,M6 Free. friendly relations. 1893--- ·--· ------·-·. ---- -·-· ------·--.. ------1 We do not object to the duty of to per cent ad valorem, as per Rouse bill, or even to 20 per cent, as it was originally put in tlie Senate bill. But thQ proposed dut.y of U cents per pound. amounting to 150 per cent ad valorem, Mr. ALDRICH. I also desire to put in the RECORD a letter 1s clearly a violation of treaty stipulations by discriminating against a from J.D. Nordlinge1·, of 182 Franklin street, New York, a large product o.f Greece, and I hope that the United States Government will bri~

.· •" ., . . 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 6041

the propel' redress by pointing these facts to the gentlemen who have in monious, as far as circumstances wiil permit. I do not suppose charge the tarift bill now under discussion in the Senate. anyone can make an absolutely harmonious tariff bill. I have the honor to t:>e, with the highest consideration, sir, Now, the so-called Za3te currant. is nothing more nor less or Your most obedient, humble servant, .D. N. BOTASS I, other then a grape. · Consul- General of Greece. As I do not wish to take the time of the Senate in reading eTl­ Hon. WALTER Q. GRESHAM, Secretary of State, Washington, D. C. dence, I will present definitions from standard authorities, which I will a.sk to have inserted in the RECORD. ThePRESfDINGOFFICER. The statement will be inserted DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, D. 0., May 25, 1894. in the RECORD, in the absence of objection. The Chair li.ear11 Sm:· I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your communication of the 19th instant relative to the alleged proposed discrimination against none. Greek currants in. the tarifi bill now pending in Congress, and to i?form The statement is as follows: you that copies of your letter have been sent to the chairman of the Fmance Committee of the Senate, and to the Hon. JAMES K. JoNEs, who proposed Currant, from Corinth, in Greece. A common name or a kind of small raisin 'he amendments to which you refer. · (uvapassula minor), the dried berry of a seedless variety of grape, which is cultivated in the Levant. : I am, sir, your obedient servant, EDWIN F. UHL, Acting Secretary. Currant, so called from its resemblance to the above fruit; the popular name of the berries of certain species or ribes.-Johnso11's Univer.:al Ov· D. N. BOTASSI, ctopa:dia. _, Consul-General of G1·eece, New York. Curra.nts: The dried seedless fruit of a variety of the grapevine, etc. Mr. ALDRICH. It is safe to add- The currants of British kitchen gardens are the produce of ribes * "' * deciduous shrubs, etc.-Encyclopauiia Britanntca. . The PRESIDI~G OF.B'ICER. The time of the .Senator from Currants: A small kind of raisin are the dried red or blue berries of a Rhode Island has expired. small fruited seedless variety of the common vine, which is cultivated in the Mr. WHITE. I should like the Senator to have furtlier time, East, and especially in Greece. Currant: A name originally belonging to a small kind or grape, and trans­ as I shall also desire an extension of time when I reply to him. ferr~d in consequence of the similar size of the fruit to many berries of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection? genus ribes.-Ohambe1'&' Encyctopa:dia. Mr. ALDRICH. I have noobjection to the Senator from Cali- A very small kind or raisin or dried grape imported from the Levant­ fornia going on now. _ Century Dictionary. Mr. WHITE. I would prefer the Senator to say what he has Mr. WHITE. The Zante currant grows in bunches similar to to say, and then I will reply. the Zinfadel grape. The Zante grape: however, is white and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator fro)ll_Rhode Is­ not as large as the Zinfadel, but the bunch is formed as is the Zin­ land will proceed. fadel. The ordinary currant, which is known generally as the Mr. ALDRICH. The consul-general of Greece calls the atten­ English currant, is a wholly different product. It bears no re­ tion of the Government of the United States to the treaty between lation whatever to the Zante currant, and is like it in no respect. the United States and Greece, signed at London the lOth of De­ Now, in California, which is the only State in the Union grow­ cember, 1837, the eighth article of which reads as follO)VS: inP" raisins or currants, though other localities are adapted to ·' And reciprocally, there shall not be established in the United States of th~ production, there were produced during the last year a sup­ America on the products of the soil or industry of the Kingdom of Greece, any prohlbition or restriction of importation or exportation, nor anydnties ply almost sufficient for the United States. I wish to say to the of any kind or denominations whatsoever, unless such prohi'bitions, re­ Senator from Rhode Island that the statement that California is strictions, and duties be likewise established upon articles of like nature, not brought into competition with Zante currants is untrue. In ~he growth or any other country. · the first place, we raise the true Zante currant. I have in the This bill in terms fixes a rate upon currants other than Zante cloakroom here, open to. 'the Senator's inspection, the Zante currants of 20 per cent ad valorem, but upon Zante currants H currant proper, raised in California. The seedl~ss Sultana, which cents per pound, or, as I have already stated, from 150 to 300 per is utilized for exactly the same purpose, is even better ior the cent ad valorem. Now, what occasion is there for such treat­ purpose~ The Thompson seedless, which is another variety of ment of the products of a friendly country? The importation the same kind of grape, and the Muscatel seedless, which is also of currants from Greece form a considerable portion of our im- a third variety of grape, which may truly and properly be called ports from that country. We send to Greece petroleum and a currant. other valuable products of the United States. Mr. ALLISON. Where are they sold? _ The Senator from Texas and other Senators upon the opposite Mr. WHITE. They are sold in New York. I have a number side of the Chamber have repeatedly called attention to the fact of them here. They are present in the cloakroom. that there is a necessity for encouraging trade between our own Mr. ALLISON. At what price? _ country and the various countries of tbeworld. Here is a prop­ Mr. WHITE. The wQ..olesale price I can not st:tte, but I will osition to put a prohibitory duty upon the principal article of say to the Senator that tne gra,pes in question of the last season commerce of one of the countries of Europe, and a proposition .sold in New York, sweet California grapes of the choicest vari- made, so far as I can see, without the slightest reason in any eties, from 8 to 10 cents down to 3 cents a pound. _ econo:g:1ic theory. It is a proposition to prohibit the importa­ Furthermore, in the McKinley act a duty of 2! cents a pound tion into the United States of an article not exactly the same in was imposed upon raisins, and it ~ was announced to our people in nature, but because it comes, or some people in California fancy California that that imposition was made for the benefit of local it comes, in competition witn one of their products. A more horticulture. When I, accompanied by one of the most distin­ flagrant example of the discriminations of this bill or of legisla­ guished Republican orators in the State, canvassed that State, tion for a particular class of people in a particular locality and my eloquent opponent was loud in his asseverations that if the against the interests of all the rest of the people of the country people desired to preserve the "l'aisin industry they must look to can not be imagined. the Republican party for it. It wHl be with pride and satisfac­ . Mr. WHITE. Mr. :?resident, the Senator from Rhode Island tion I know that that same eloquent gentleman will read during [Mr. ALDRICH] is always very ready at discussion, but in tlie the coming campaign to the same audience be then addressed present instance he has stated a great many things that are not ti;le statement just made of the Senator from Rhode Island-the true, arising probably from a lack of knowledge of the entil·e leading protectionist of this body. . truth regarding this particular matter. I have not opposed a reduction of the raisin duty to H cents a Personally, let me say to that Senator, that when he states pound, because I believe that that is a revenue duty and will that this amendment regarding currant raisinswMmadefor the yield most largely to the Treasury. I have, at the same time, purpose of obtaining my vote, he states that which is false. So asked the committee, giving them data which they did not pos­ far as I am concerned, I shall support any bill which the Damo­ sess before and which I do not think the Senator had examined, cratic majority agrees to here, any bill will tend to reduce and conclusive of the justice and consistency of my claim. will reduce the charges made in the McKinley enormity. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time of the Senator from Senator should not be so flippant in his assertion and so.unjusr. California has expired. to an associate as to make a statement of the character that he Mr. ALDRICH. I hope his time will be extended. I make has made here. that request. Mr. ALDRICH. I am sure the Senator from California does The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Rhode Island not desire to do me an injustice. I said, as the RECORD will show, asks that the time ·of the Senator from California be extended. I could conceive of no other reason than this. I did not say this Is there objection? The Chair hears none, and the Senator was the reason, but I can conceive of no other reason why this from California will proceed. change should be made. Mr. WHITE. I asked. the committee to place a duty upon Mr. WHITE. The Senator's conceptions beget nothing unless currants and upon all dried grapes equal in amount to raisins, they are intended to reflect upon the party to whom he addresses not because the currant was to be excluded, butfor the expressed them. I shall have occasion to say hereafter (I have said but and well-grounded reason that currants and raisins are identical little heretofore, because I did not wish to add to this debate or in nature. I know of no instance where a difference -hag been procrastinate it) that so far as I am concerned there can not be made in the·grades of other fruits. Why should different spe­ too large a free list to suit me. But I desire this bill to be bar- cific duties be imposed upon various grades of raisins, thus·dis-

, . ·.

' 6042 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 9, criminating in favor of other products. I ask that all raisins Mr. WIDTE. It is a very low duty, po3sibly below the reve­ have a uniform rate, and that it be lt cents a pound-40 per nue point. cent less than thEYrrusin duty of the McKinley bill. Mr. ALLISON. Mr. President, I am willing· to vote tq give Will Senators strikeout the duty upon raisins in general, arrd full protection to all the articles produced in California. I make them absolutely free? This is not a Southern sectional should be willing to join the Senator from California in imposing interest, and should not therefore fill Republican breasts with a higher duty than is found in the bill upon plums, .figs, etc. It horror; it is a California interest. This is a sectional interest, is a reduction in that sense from the McKinlev act. But I do I suppose, because raisins do not grow where the Senator from not believe that it is wise for us to impose a duty such as is pro­ Rhode Island grows and has grown. But it is not intelligently posed here upon Zante currants. They are sold in New York controverted that the Zante currant is a true raisin, and that City, as stated, by the wholesale dealers there at from 1 cent to imported Zante currants are brought here in larL!'e volume and H cents per pound. So that the duty must be, upon the foreign constitute a proper article for revenue, and should be. subjec~d value, nearly as stated by the,Senator from Rhode Island. with other grapes to a reasonable rate of duty. It 1s beggmg Mr. WHITE. Will the Senator allow me to ask him a ques­ the question to compare our seedless grapes to Zante currants. tion? What effect does he think the importation of the quality Al1 are grapes. Give us a unifqrm rate. of goods that can be sold in the New York market at that rate Mr. President, all the fruits, everything upon the schedule will have upon the raisin business to which the Zante currant we are considering, are grown in California. The duty has been belongs? red~ced all along the line. I asked the committee to fix this Mr. ALLISON. This is an article that is largely consumed duty, and gave them the facts, and they logically did so, upon in our country. I should be willing to impose a duty here, as the the evidence, not in response to any demand or threat of mine, committee originally proposed, of 30 per cent ad valorem; or if for nothing of the sort occurred. I would not have made any it would satisfy the Senator I should be willing to impose a duty threat even had it been necessary to obtain a concession in the of 50 per cent ad valorem upon this article in order that it might bill. The committee learned the facts and ruled accordingly. afford, what the Senator says he desires, full and ample protec­ The Grecian Government is solicitous in this case. The con­ tion to the production of similar articles in California; but to sul-general of Greece, a very excellent gentleman, has in teres ted take .an article from the free list and impose a. duty certainly himself about this.matter; even in these environments I do not of 100 per cent upon the domestic price in New York is a. thing complain particularly now of that. 1 have no doubt he has in­ which I do not think the Senator from California can defend terviewed the Senator from Rhode Island. himself upon. But the Grecian consul will not deny to me or to anyone cogni­ It is a duty of from 150 to 200 per cent upon the value of an zant of the facts that the Zante currant is an absolute raisin. ariJcle ·abroad, as the valu-es of all these articles are estimated He knows better, so do I. I think that paragraph 213a should upon the market value of another country. be stricken out. It involves the interpretation of the other sec­ Zan te currants are just as well known as an apple is known as tion. I think it .has been left by mistake. With the exception distinguished from a gooseberry. Therefore there is no diffi­ of the Zante .no currants are brought here o! the character of culty in taking Zante currants out of the general provision here those regarding which I am speaking. and making a special regulation for them. I am willing to give lli. ALDRICH. No, they are not brought here. the Senator from C:tlifornia ample protection, and I hope he Mr. WHITE. Not the common English currant; but there will consent to an amendment which will make Zante currants are currants imported from .otheriJountries. special and provide for a duty (if he thinks he can not get along Mr. ALDRICH~ The Zan te currant is the general name of the with less) of, say, 50 per cent ad valorem. I do not know but class. that ! ,should be willing to go even higher than that. Mr. WHITE. It applies to all fruit of that kind, of course. Mr. TELLER. What is the present duty? Perhaps the word Zante cm·rantJ or other dry currants, would Mr. ALLISON. They are on the free list. Here is the trans­ more fully cover the subject, but so far as English currants are fer of an article of commerce that is just as well known, I re­ concerned, there.is no desire to impose any duty upon them. I peat, as the apple or lemon or orange 1s known. do not think they are worth imposing a duty upon. But when Mr. WHITE. Does not the Senator make a difference in the Senator from Rhode Island asserts that there is any ine­ the grades of apples and lemons? The Zante currant is nothing quality in this duty he makes a mistake. A duty upon Zante but a grade of grape. currants was omit-ted from the McKinley act-not, I suppose, for Mr. ALLISON. It is well known in commerce. I am speak­ the purpose of deluding voters o.r deceiving anybody, but be­ ing of commerce. It is a distinct thing from anything produced cause the committee were misled. Others had made the same anywhere else. mistake before. Those of us who .are iamiliar with the subject Mr. CHANDLER. Where are they produced-in this country? knorv that the duty upon raisins should be so framed as to cover Mr. ALLISON. They are not produced here. There is, as all classes of raisins, and that currants constitute one of those the Senator from California very justly says, a seedless grape-- classes directly competitive with our industry in California. Mr. WHITE. The Senator is mistaken. The Zante currant Moreover, a duty upon Zante currants will result in heavy is itself produced here. I have some Zante currants in my pos­ revenue. When the duty was as high as 2t cents a pound there session grown in this country that will perhaps convince the wasarevenuerealizedduringone year amounting to $286,000; and Senator of that fact. when it was 1 cent a pound there was a revenue reaching all the Mr. ALLISON. I have never heard of them. If they are way from $193,000 to $260,000 pei· year. When even 5 cents per produced here, then we should make a duty upon them which pound was levied the customs returns were large. The pretense, will amply-protect them. · then, that the duty here suggested is prohibitive is wholly with­ Mr. CHANDLER. For protection? out foundation. The duty proposed is a revenue duty. More­ Mr. ALLISON. For protection to the American producer in over, there are few nations which do not exact a duty upon cur­ California. I should think 50 per~entwould be an ample duty, rants. Canada levies 1 cent per pound upon cu1•rants. Greece and I trust the Senator from California will allow that to be done. levies upon all kinds of dried fruit between H and 4! cents a Mr. PERKINS. Mr. President, I shall ask the indulg-ence pound. France levies a high duty. New South Wales levies as of the Senate for a few minutes longer than the time allotted high as 4 cents a p,_onnd. Russia exacts about 3cents per pound; me, for the reason that it is a question in which California is Norway a larger sum; France about H cents per pound; Aus­ especially interested. I venture to ask this time, which I trust tria, 2~ cents; Belgium, 2 cents; Germany about 2} cents per will be granted without hesitation, for the reason that I have pound. The amendments of the committee .should, with the not _unnecessarily trespassed upon the time of the Senate, nor exceptions which I have indicated, be adopted. This should be by my vote delayed, or by my action retarded, the consideration done on a revenue basis, regardless of the wishes of Grecian rep­ of the pending bill. resentatives. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. PASCO in the chair). Is Mr. ALLISON. Mr.President- there objection to the request of the Senator from California? Mr. CHANDLER. Will the ~enator from Iowa allow me to The Chair hears none, and the Senator from California will pro­ ask the Senator from California a question? I ask him upon ceed. what principle he advocates the imposition of a duty of 300 per Mr. PERKINS. California. as I have stated, is deeply inter­ cent upon currants? ested in the section of the bill now under consideration. The Mr. WHITE. It is not proposed to impose a duty of 300 per raisin grape, to which my colleague has referred, is very exten­ cent upon currants. I treat currants, I will say to the distin­ sively cultivated in California. guished and always sincere Senalior from New Hampshire-­ The Zante currant, the botanical name viiis vinije1·a, isn, dried, Mr. CHANDLER. I am sincere now. seedless grape of the common vine. Its names in commerce, cur­ Mr. WHITE. l am glad of it. As raisins, in accordance rant, 1·aisin de Oorauntz, raisin de Corinthe are derived from Co­ with the fact. There is no such duty upon raisins. rinth in Greece, the chief port of its exportation. 'Mr. CHANDLER. What is the principle upon which the The growth, cultivation~ drying, or curing of this seedless Senat0r votes to give them this high duty? grape is a leading industry in the islands of the Grecian AJrchi- 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 6043 pelago. It is also largely made into wine of an inferior char- mand. Prices fell to a ruinous figure; growers were unable to acter. . realize cost, and sales in New York were freely made in 1893 as low The currants exported from Greece and Turkey are chtefly as H cents a pound. It is safe to say that the producers in shipped to England and the United States. They are larg~ly Greece and Turkey at such price did not net more than a third used in the various countries of Europe, and are classed With of a cent per pound. raisins, paying the same rates of duties under the ta:iff laws of Messrs. Barff & Co., of Patras, Greece, recently speaking of Sweden, Nor way, Denmark, Germany} Italy,. Austr1a, Canada, the disastrous effect of overproduction, are reported to have England, France, and Spain. In every case the duty is specific. -said: Under the several tariff laws from 1861 to December, 1870, Fully two-thirds of the vineyards in districts of Campos, Pyegos, aml raisins and currants were specifically mentioned, paying the Olympia, and one-third or those or Flliatra, Garga.liano, ancl Pyles wi,ll re­ same rate of duty. The act of 1872 was the first instance of dis­ main uncultivn.ted. These districts usually turn out 00,000 to 95,000 tons / crimination, raisins being placed at 2} cents a pound and cur­ cured fruit. rants at 1 cent a pound. Under the act of 1890 currants :v~re Under the policy of developing and fostering our home re­ placed on the free list, the duty of 2t cents a pound on raisins sources and industries Congress offered to the vineyardist of being reenacted. Calliornia the inducement of a protective daty o.f 5 cents a pound The following figures, viz, rates of duties and importations, are on raisins and currants. This duty was reduced by subsequent taken from statistics compiled by the Treasury Department, and acts to 2.t cents on raisins, finally malting_ currants duty free. are found in Senate documents; Report No. 259, part 1; Imports, The years 1886-'90 in California were marked by extensive 1867-1803, Treasury Departlllent, existing tariff: planting of raisin and·currant grape vines in the great San Joa­ zante currants. quin Valley. Water was brought from the distant mountain streams to the parched valleys and the supposed desert la-nd was !Inports. made to bloom like a. garden. This was accomplished by a great Duty per !----:----­ La.w. pound. outlay of money and years of labor. Stories of profit made on Year. Pounds. vineyards were freely told, and truly so, for were not the duties of 5 cents and 2t cents sufficient, ample, to insure profit? : Grots. Thousands of acres were planted to vineyards; the years of of 1869 6,685,109 Act 1861 --·------· ------g1 bearing came on; the returns looked forward to were thought to Act or 1870 ___ ------~ 1872 11,479,578 Act of 1872------1 1800 26,895,589 be at hand. As usual with the farmer, the unforeseen happened. Act of 1890 •.•..•.....••..•••...... •....• Free .....• 189B 33,166,3M Congress in its wisdom removed the duty by the act of 1890-Hon. Loudon Snowden, our minister to Greece, having mistakenly Other statistics place the figures at 39,295,119 pounds. I ap- represented in a report that currants didnotenterinto competi­ tion with any product of the United States, thus sweeping away pend the figures in detail, as follows: · the slender protection between the California. product and that Aver­ of Greece. Addi­ Aver­ age Our raisins and currants, which cost for freight and other Fisca.l l tional age duty charges laid down in New York Ucents a pound, were brought year Rate or Amount and value re­ ending Quantity. Value. duty. ofduty dis­ per duced into direct competition with· the Zante curran.t, which cost to June , received. crimi- nit or toad land in that city not more than 5 mills for !Yeight. Being- duty 30- nating quan­ va- duty. tity. free the foreign product waB, and is now1 being placed in the mar­ lorem. kets of the United States at more than 1 cent per pound less than the native product. In other words, the products of Greece, Pounds. Per ct. "Turkey, and Spain save 1 cent per pound on -Charges as against 1867 .... 6,68ii,109 $295,606.52-i Scts.p.lb_$334,255.45______- .044 113.06 1868 .... 6,736,229 253,302. ____ do ______336,811.451______-~ 132.95 the California goods placed in the large cities of the East and 1869 .... 7, 920,376 , 257,248. . ...do .. ____ 396,018.80 $52.8 • 153.94 West. The result is, that while California goods in past years 1870 ____ 7,662,9{2'. 295 7~-22----do ....•• 38?,147.1~ 64.50 .038 129.87 yielded fair profit to the farmer, they h.ave of late years-1891, J ~105,7'25 212,~. ____ do ______200,28~.25------~- .052 91.77 1871 ··1 .,,118,611 2"24,359.54 2}cts. p.lb. 127,96;,.32______.043 -56.99 1892, and 1893-entailed loss often upon the packer and commis­ 1872 .... n,~79.578 467,219.5'-~ ....do ______286,989.46------.040 61.42 sion man as well as u:pon the producer. The tariff of 1847 imposed { ~~~ 4,108.00 ___ do______2,096.8_ ------.Q.i8 51.04 ad uty of 40 per cent ad valorem on raisins and currants, and con­ 1873 .. 14,057,925 562,278.49 1ct.p.lb __ 140,579.25______~~.66 1S74 . ... 9,319,191: 752,694.00 ..•. do ______193.191.91 3. ~ sidering the prices ruling forty and filty years ago that duty 18'75 .... 19,334,458 771,38!.56 ....do ______193,344.58 3.70 25.06 was much greater than the H cent a pound now proposed by the 1876 ____ 20,911,061 856,425.62 ____ do ______209,110.61______24.42 Senate Finance Committee. 1877 ____ 17, 152,004 749.488.00 ____ do----- 1il, 526.64 ---- ____ 22.88 1878 .... 17,941,352 776,827.00 .... do ______179,413.22______23.09 The act of 1890, while maintaining the duty on raisins, ad­ 187!L .. 17,405,347 520,831.07 .... do ______174,043.47------33.42 mitted currants free into the U n:ited States. It is truly illogical 1880 . ... 18,007,492 600,603.40 ____ do ______180,074.9 ------~ .. w and anomalous that such discrimination should be allowed to 1881. ... 21,631,512 845,773. ____ dO ______216,315.12______'"" 58 1882 .....J,592,231 1,388,886.00 ....do ______3'25,922.31...... 23.47 exist, for the currant is as much of a. raisin as the product of the 1883 .... 1,171,171 1,247,504.00 .•.. do •.• ___ j311,711.71 ______J 24..9!> muscatel grapevine. 1884 .... 32,743,712 1,22!!, 575.16 ____ do---- 327,437.12 ------26_: 83 The present unprecendentlylow price of Zante currants is due 1835 . ... 35,324,507 723,415.00 •••. do _____ 255,345.07------35 30 1886 .... · ,623,171 744,784.00 ...• do ______266,231.71 117.80 30.38 to the overproduc"tion spoken of by Messrs. Barff & Co. The 1887 .... 29,196,393 1,062,326.00 .... do ______291,963.93...... 27.48 crop of 160,000 tons in 1893 will scarcely ever again be equaled, 1888 .... 20,636,424. 1,176.52.&.76. ___ do ______306,364.2L _____ • 26.04 for the vineyardists of Greece have grown so poor as to be unable 1889 .... 38,866,035 935,529.00 .... do ______288,660.35------30.86 1890 ... . 26,895,589 875,427. - .•.. do ______268,955.89------30.72 if not unwilling to properly care for their -currant vineyards. ~ The ruling prices last year do not fairly constitute a standard of 1 526,230,318 212,147.15 .... do ______62,303.18______.03 29.37 18 ---{~36,619;{96 1,365, 705.00 Free ______------.037 Free value on which to calculate ad valorem duties on currants or 1892 .... S6,6E5,728 1,209,095.7- ____ do ______------. Do. raisins. A repetition next season of the prices of raisins and 1893 ____ 33,166.364 1,185,53!?,00I .. _.do ------.036 Do . • 1 currants last year will inevitablyforoe California to give up the cultivation of her raisin and currant vineyards. The act of 1870 reduced the rate of duty 50 per cent. Importa­ In California the cultivation of the raisin commenced in 1873. tions increased 70 per cent. The ac.t of .1872 reduced the duty We produced that year only-120,000 pounds. !thad increased in still further-60 per cent. Importations mcreased 150 per cent. 1890 to 54,870,330 pounds, and with the number of vines that we The act of 1890 made currants duty free. Importations in 1893 have under cultivation before the year 1895 we shall produce increased 25 per cent. The quantity imported in 1893, duty 120,000,000 pounds. free, was fivefold greater than in 1869, when the duty was 5 The climate uf Caliiornia is peculiarly adapted to the cultiva­ cents a pound. tion of the raisin. We have 150,000 acres to-day under cultiva­ The creation of a discriminative duty on raisins as against tionfor the growth of the wine grape alone; we have 82,000 acres currants in 1872, gave an impetus to the extension of the plant­ under cultivation for the growth of the raisin grape; we have ing of seedless grapes and currants in Greece and Turkey. and 50,000 acres of fruits, and 60,000 acr es of oranges, lemons, almonds, planting was still further encouraged by the act of 1890, which figs, apricots, apples, olives, English- walnuts, and. other fruits removed the duty of 1 cent a pound. Under the discriminative growing in abundance. Our climatic conditions, our soil, and duty against raisins, planting of the raisin grape was not onlv our valleys are peculiarly adapted and suited to the cultivation abandoned, but the old raisin vines were, very likely, grafted tO of the grape and other fruits of this kind. the currant and seedless varieties on raisin stock as affording Mr. PEFFER. Will the Senator from California permit me more profit than the dutiable raisin, and a sure and free market to ask him a question? in the United States. Mr. PERKINS. Certainly. Currant vineyards in Greece, under our laws imposing and Mr. PEFFER. I wish to inquire if the Senator is able to de­ maintaining a duty on raisins, while admitting currants fyee. scribe to us the difference between the raisin grape and the wine grew and grew until the product far exceeded the market de~ grape. 6044 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE~ JUNE 9,

Mr. PERKINS. I will endeavor to do so. While upon this To show one reason why our· friends representing the Grecian point, I will, however, say that we shipped last year 2,500 car interests are so desirous of retaining currants upon the freelist, loads of raisins of 12 tons each, and this year we shall probably which I believe, as I have before stated, were placed there under have 3, 700 car loads of 12 tons each of raisins for shipment to a misapprehension of the facts, I will read one extract from Eastern States, being an increase of 1,200 car loads of 12 tons Commercial Relations of the United States with Foreign Coun­ each over las~ year. tries. In this report the American consul says: Our vineyards are mostly divided up into small farms such as Tne shipments to France from the last c1·op are only 11 ,226 tons, against my friend from Kansas believes in, of 10, 20, 30, and 40 acre 38.~16 tons of the previous crop up to sa. me date. The serious falling off in shipments to France is in consequence or the protective duty imposed in tracts of land, and C!}ltivated by men of intelligence. Many of that country- them have been merchants, manufacturers, professors of col­ leges, and doctors, who are now following this business, conge­ That is, France- Last year on currants, which a.re used for the manufacture of wine, it hav­ nial to their taste and profitable to their finances. It is givin2' ing been raised from 6 to 15 francs per 100 kilograms. employment to a class of people in California who are making the business of horticulture one of the highest and most re­ Which is 1.36 duty upon Zante currants into France. Canada spectable in the land. There is no Q.ther State in the Union imposes a specific duty of a cent a pound upon cul'rants. We that has the natural climatic advantages and the soil that will therefore have our own home market, which is 1he only free produce all these varieties of currants and table grapes. one, to look to for the consumption of this product of American Answering the Senator from Kansas, the varieties of grapes labor. It seems, therefore, that there is no reason why Zante we have which come in competition with the currant grape, currants should ever have been placed upon the free list. It and which is a currant grape, are th~ Sultana, the Muscatel, the was done, as I have stated, because it was beHeved at that time Zinfadel, and the Thompson seedless g-rape. These small cur­ this country did not produce this variety of raisins. rant grapes yield very bountifully, producing a h~ndred pounds In ve!"ific:-ttion of that which has already been said, that our of grapes in many instances to the single vine, and the seedless se~dless Sultana, Zinfadel~ Muscatel, and Thompson seedless , raisins, the Sultana, the Zinfadel, and the Muscatel, are really grape are the same as the currant, 1 desire to quote from the but a better quality of the Zante currant of commerce. They new Cabinet Encyclopredia~ recently issued, bearing several grow upon vines the same as they grow in Greece, in Italy, Tur­ illustrious names as its compilers, amongst them being the name key, and Spain, a.nd while they call them Zante currants in of the Congressional Librarian, Mr. Spofford. In referring to Greece, in California we call them a seedless raisin. But to all the agricultural products of Italy and Greece, he says, after intents and purposes they are the same article of commerce, speaking of the production of figs, dates, and oranges, and other used for the same purposes in cookery-for pies, for cakes, and fruit: for table purposes. But a much more important product of Greece, especially oa the coast of the Pelleponesus and in the island or Cephalonia, Zante currant is the Co- l will state the reason why there should be this duty upon rinthiangrape or currant. - them. California is the only State of our Union that can sue- The Century Dictionary says: cessfully grow them, and therefore comes in direct competition The currant is a. very small kind of raisin, or dried grape; imported from with Greece, Italy, and Spain. The labor with us in the vine- the Ribes, chiefly from Zante and Cephalonia, and is used in cookery. yards is worth $1.25 to $1.50 a day, while in Greece it is but 15 The great Standard Dictionary, recently issued by Funk, Wag­ cents to 60 cents a day. Why should we not be protected in this nail & Co., and upon which, under direction of Prof. Funk, over industry when it so greatly benefits our people? I honor Greece two hundred eminent scholars and specialists have been em- for her glorious history l}f the ~past, for what she has given to ployed in its compilation, says that- · art and science and literature, but we are legislating here for The currant is a small seedless raisin.... imported from the Levant, called our people, for the.American _people. We have no commerce usually "dried currant" and ·• Zante currant," deriving its na.me from Co- " with Greece except· that _the ··Standard Oil Company sold them rinth, from whence it was fi.r"St brought. last year $120,000 worth_of coal oil and about $5,U00worth of ash It is therefore self-evident that the Zante currant as na.m8.! staves, while we imported from· them over a million dollars, in this bill is precisely the same a.rticle as that which grows in mostly of currants. W...hem is the.reeiprocity? I think it our California, arul is called our seedless raisin. I feel a deep inter­ duty to pay this money to our own people. est in this industry, as it affects California especially. We have The Senator from Rhode.Islatid and· .the .Senator from Iowa a great State in California. Our friends here upon the Eastern urge that we shall makean~d va.lorem·jnstead of a specific duty. slope do not realize what an empire we have and what we are I believe in a principle, and .the Senator from Iowa and the Sen- capable of producing. We have 158,360 square miles, making ator from Rhode Island have always advocated a specific duty 101,450,400 acres of land, one-third of which, or say 35,000,000 instead of an ad valorem. - Why do they desire to diverge from acres, is splendid arable land. The great San Joaquin Valley, that principle upon this article of necessity, which we produce which is 240 miles long and 4.0 miles wide, embraces 7,000,000 in the desired quantity in Caliiornia? I find, even if we accept acres, and the Sacramento Valley 4,000,000 acres. The great the proposition of the.Senator from Iowa and make the rate 50 Santa Clara Valley, the Napa, Sonoma, Santa Maria Vaca, the per cent ad valorem, it would not amount to any less than the 1great plains of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and San Diego: and committee propose to give us. I find in a summary statement the immense foothills of the Sierra Nevada, embracing many of imports and exports of the United States, brought down to more millions of acres, are all capable of producing the different March, 1894, a table which shows that since 1877 the crop yield fruits, raisins, grapes, and currants that are enumerated in this of Greece bas been more than double the imports into the United schedule. Kingdom. _ ~- Viticulture has been assoc1ated with the earliest history of The imports into France gt'eW from 390 tons in 1887 to 29,186 California, it having teen introduced by the Franciscan fathers in 1892. Prices fell from 4.3 cents per pound in 1877 to 3.3 cents l nearly one hundred years before California came into the pos­ a. pound in 1893. The prices the Senator has quoted at the pres- session of the United States. It may be of interest to Senators ent time are for ari. inferior article of currants. He will see by to learn that to-day California has the largest vineyard in the looking at this table, which I will ask leave to have inserted, world; it contains about 5,000 acres, and belongs to the estate what the average price has been since that time. It has been of the late Senator Stanford. over 3 cents a pound, and to-day, while they are quoted in the While we have thousands of vineyards of moderate size, we market of New York at a c6nt and a quarter a pound, it is only also have the smallest vineyard, as well as the largest in the for a very inferior ·quality, fully 5 to 10 per cent of dirt being world. The latter consists of a single vine, planted by a Maxi­ mingled among the currants as they are gathered from the can woman, in Santa Barbara County, about seventy-four years ground where they are dried. ago. PRICES OF OURR.A.NTS .ll."'D illPORT.A.TIONS FROM GREECE. It iS _13 inches in diameter 1 foot frOm the ground, and its A most interesting and instructive table on th.e Zante currant branches spi·ead over an area of 12,000 square feet. a~d pro~uca / is published in the March summary, Bureau of Statistics, Treas- from ten to twelve thousand pounds ~er _ ~nnum, l\1ls~10n var1ety ury Department. This table shows the crop in tons from 1877 of grapes, many of t he bunches we1ghmg from s1x to seven to 1893; the imports into the United St~tes, U:nited Kingdom, pounds. . . and France; the rate of duty, and the rulmg prlCe per pound. It would be unJUSt, 1t would becontrary to the course that haa Since 1877 the crop yield has more than doubled, the imports heretofore governed the Senator from Iowa and the Sena~or into the United States almost doubled, the imports into the from Rhode Island, who have. always stoo~ up for the protectw~ United Kingdom decreased 10,000 tons, the imports into France of American products, to str1ke dow.n th1s mdustry b.y propos­ grew from ~80 tons in 1877 to 29,186 tons in 1892. ~ - ing to red~.. 1Ce the rate below ~ha;t ~hlCh w~ ~ a ve prevalled upon Price fell from 4.3 cents per pound in 1877 to 3.3 cents per the comm1ttee to embrace w1thm 1ts provlsiOns. pound in 1893. The prices quoted. represent an. average price · The topography of California is r~markable, if not almo.stphe­ for all grades, inferior and superiOr. The pr1ee, H cents a nomenal. The great range of the S1erra Nevada, stretchmg ~OQ pound, at which currants were sold in New York last year, were miles, the length of the State, embraces forty-three .mountamfl for the most inferior quality. 1from 1ive to eight-thousand feet_ above the level of the sea, while

1 - I

1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 6045

Mount Shasta towers 14,51lfeet, Mount Whitney 15,860 feet above Idaho contains 86,294 square miles, or 55,228,160 acres, of which the level of the sea;-while 100 miles farther south, in the great 16,000,000 acres are agricultural lands, lO,OOO,OOOacres are forest plains of San Bernadino and San Diego Counties, there is a limited lands, 20,000,000 acres are grazing and mineral lands, and 9,228,· area with a depression of 250 feet below the level of the sea. The 160 acres are lakes and rivers and rough and mountainous lands, country in this locality, extending for hundreds of miles into unfit for cultivation and not known.to contain minerals. Arizona, when brought under irrigation, is peculiarly adapted The deep soil in the valleys and on the plateaus in the central, to the cultivation of the raisin and currant, on account of the southern, and eastern counties ia composed of decayed vegetable soil and dry atmosphere. We want this duty because it is just matter, mixed with sufficient mineral and decayed rock to give and right and in the interest of the California farmer, who will warmth and great productiveness. The greater portion of the agree, ii vou desire, to call it a duty for revenue. lands in the divisions just named require irrigation. In the Mr. MORGAN. I submit an amendment to the pending bill, northerncounties.adark,deeploom of great depth prevails. This to be referred to the Committee on Finance. section does not require irrigation, and is in itself a great em­ The PRESIDING OFFICER {Mr. BERRY in the chair). The pire. proposed amendment will be printed and referred to the Com­ The first gold discovered was in gravel depo3its on bars and mittee on Finance, in creeks and gulches, generally classified as placer mines. The Mr. SHOUP. Mr. President-- discovery of gold quartz mines, silver, lead and copper mines fol­ Mr. HARRIS. Will the Senator from Idaho grant me a sec­ lowed, which have produced over $200,000,000; and for many years ond? - it was believed that the great wealth of Idaho lay beneath the Mr. SHOUP. Certainly. surface of the ground. However, before the lapse-of many years Mr. HARRIS. I desire to say that while the five-minute the discovery was made that no part of the United States pro­ consent agreement exists, as it will through this schedule, I do duced better cereals than the valleys and plateaus of Idaho, and not want any Senator to think that I am guilty of discourtesy t.o that the vegetables grown in her soil were superior in qu:tlity, him when I say I shall object to extending the time of any and the yield per acre· was far above the average of the E9.Stern Senator hereafter. States. Mr. ALDRICH. The Senator from Tennessee will recollect For many years the production of the soil was limited to home that the other day I called attention to the fact that the Senator consumption. The farmers in the northern part of the State from Idaho desired to speak ten minutes upon this particular were the first to find an outside marketfor their surplus. Wheat paragraph of the pending schedule, and I hope he will not ob­ and flaxseed were shipped by steamboats from Lewiston, on the ject. Snake River, to Portland and other markets. The prolific Mr. HARRIS. In view of that suggestion, the Senator from yield and superior quality ol the wheat grown in that section Idaho will have his ten minutes, but my notice takes effect at attracted the attention of railway companies, which resulted in the end of the ten minutes. the building of branch railroads into that fertile region. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senat.or from Idaho will Northern Pacific penetrated it first, which was followed by the proceed. Union Pacific system. With the construction of these roads Mr. SHOUP. Mr. President, in some remarks in Feb1•uary and the Utah and Northern and the Oregon Short Line Rail ways, last I gave notice of an amendment which I would offer to this the agricultural lands of the State were eagerly sought after, paragraph, and I call it up now. and farming communities sprang up in all sectiOns of the State The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment to the amend­ where water could be obtained for 1rrigating and domestic pur­ ment will be stated. poses with least expense. In addition to raising cereals and The SECRETARY. In line 22, -in the committee's amend­ vegetables our farmers imported fruit trees, and the experiment ment, after the word "plums" insert "and" and after the word of fruit culture was commenced. Previous to this, however, ex­ "prunes" in the same line insert" 2 cents a pound;" so as to periments at Boise City and Lewiston had proved successful. read: Mr. President, Idaho lies on the western slope of the Rocky Plums and prunes, 2 cents a. pound. Mountains, and therefore has the benefit of the soft winds which The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to penetrate the interior for several hundred miles from the Pacific the amendment of the Senator from Idaho to the amendment of Ocean, where they come in contact with the pure currents of the committee. the Rocky Mountains, thereby creating a climate not surpassed Mr. SHOUP. Mr. President, before a vote is taken on the in any country for fruit culture. Her fruits consist mainly of proposed amendment I desire to make a few observations as to apples, prunes, plums, pears, peaches, and cherries. the extent and importance of the fruit industry tO the Pacific The small fruits and berries most successfully cultivated are coast States, but more especially to Idaho. currants, strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, and grapes. I am convinced that the value of this industry and its import­ The prune, however, is the most prolific and most profitable ance to Idaho will be better understood by the presentation of a fruit raised in the State. Its.- flavor is equal if not superior to brief historical sketch. the best grown in any country. Mr. President, the first white man who set foot upon Idaho I remember quite well when the Senator from Arkansa.s, now soil was Capt. Lewis, who with a detachment of men belonging in charge of the pending bil1, with other Senators visited our _ to the Lewis and Clark exploring expedition, ascended the Rocky State five years ago, that we presented him with ample evidence Mountains from the East on the 12th day of August, 1805, and of the superior fruit our orchards produced. _ from the summit of the continental divide, was the first civilized It was not known, until five or six years ago, that we had a man to view the valleys, mountains, and forests of Idaho. At large area of country peculiarly adapted to the culture of this his feet, and not many miles distant, lay the beautiful and fer­ fruit. After the discovery had been made it was not then be­ tile valley of the Lemhi; and but a few miles beyond lay the val­ lieved that we could compete in the markets with foreig-n prunes, ley of the Salmon River. produced by cheap labor; however, under the protection given To the west, and in plain view, towered the lofty peaks of the by the McKinley bill, hundreds of our farmers: feeling encour­ mountains of the middle fork of the Salmon River, and to the aged, turned their attention to planting prune orchards. It is south the craggy peaks of the Sawtooth range, which were also now a leading industry with them; and I know of no other in­ visible. Before him were v.ast forests which had never been dustry more justly entitled to protection~ A large expenditure of penetrated by human beings, except by savage Indians who had money and_... many years of toil and patient waiting must neces­ never gazed on the face of a white man. That night, only eighty­ sarily pass from the time the fruit grower commences to im­ nine years ago on the 12th day of August next, the first white prove his land for a prune orchard before one dollar can be real- man slept on Idaho soil. _. ized from the sale of the fruit. - Five years later the Missouri Fur Company established a trad­ The most extensive area in Central Idaho known to be espec­ ing post on Snake River, but soon after abandoned it. In 1811 ially adapted to prune culture are the valleys and plateaus of Wilson P. Hunt, with sixty men of the Pacinc Fur Company, the Boise, Payette, Weiser, and Snake rivers. In these dis­ passed through Idaho to the Pacific coast. tricts the lands require irrigation, and are generally covered In 1834 Capt. Bonneville, with his company of nearly one hun­ with a heavy growth of sagebrush, requiring one year, and dred men, spent the greater part of the season in Eastern Idaho, often two years to prepare and inclose the ground. for an or­ exploring the region adjacant to and including the head waters chard, and to conduct water to it for the purpose of irrigation. of the Snake and Salmon Rivers. In the same year Nathaniel In four years from the time the trees are set out the .orchard I. Wythe established Fort Hall as a trading post near Snake commences to bear fruit. It is therefore from five to six years River. In 1860, gold in p:1ying quantities was discovered in from the time the work of improvement is begun bafore there is Idaho by a party of prospectors commanded by Capt. James one dollar realized on the investment. During all these years Pierce, on Oro Fino Creek, a tributary of the Clear Water. The the lands must be irrigated and cultivated, and the trees that :first permanent settlement was made at Mount Idaho in May, are destroyed, as many will be from various c-auses, replaced. 1861. It is therefore but thirty-three years since the first set­ Many of theownera of these orchards have invested t4eir la;st ilfunent was made in the State. dollar and are compelled to borrow money; encouraged to do so

1- 6046 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SENATE.

under the protection given by the tariff law of 1890. All they and !iS the beets grown on our soil contain a v81'y high percentage of sa~ ask now is that the present duty of 2cents per pound be retained, cha.nne (about 22 per cent) we have cause to believe that should the bounty be retained on sugar and the duty kept on prunes it will result in the build· which will just about p3.y the freight from our State to Eastern ing up amongst us of these important industries. markets, leaving but a small, if any, margin to cover the differ­ Large prune orchards necessitate large evaporators, and with evaporators ence between labor in this and foreign countries. come canneries, and canneries promote and encmll'age the production of small fruits in all their variety; also apples, pears, plums, peaches, apri· I am indebted to Col. John Hunter, of Boise City, who has cots, etc. visited and had personal interviews with many of the prune­ The fact is that \ve can not proparly estimate the graat and lasting beneft ts to be derived from the encouragement of this single industry. growers in the districts to which I have just referred, for the Yours, respectfully, following valuable information: He places the value of acr eage F. E. ~IX. at $-!,000,000 and the quantity of prunes exported last year at Hon. GEO. L . SHOUP, nearly 1,000,000 pounds. He estimates, taking into considera­ United States Senate, Washington, JJ. C. tion the orchards that will bear this year for the first time, that Mr. President, North Idaho embraces one of · the finest and the quantity marketed this year will be three times greater than most productive whe3-t belts to be found on the continent. But that of 1893. And as the number of trees planted each year has on account of the present low price o.f that cereal and the lono­ been from two to three times greater than that of the preceding and expensive haul to market, it is impossible to raise a nd e.;. year, the quantity of fruit must therefore increase in like pro­ port it ~t 11: profit, and m_illions of bushels are now musting in portion and our exports to other States will grow very rapidly, the granaries. Mr. President, our farmers are very much dis­ and will, before many years, if not crippled by adverse legisla­ couraged and are endeavoring to utilize their lands by r a isino­ tion, become one of the principal products of the Sta.te. S?mething that will b aar the cost o.f producing and trans p or~ I will again quote from Col. Hunter's able report. He says: twn ~o market. Many of. them have, therefore, engaged in fruit Protection has been a benefit, not only to the proaucers of our own State, growmg, and any reduction of t he present duty will be a severe but to the country at large. The passage of the Wilson bill as proposed will blow to them. This district, and the Boise, Payette, Weiser certainly ruin the p1·une industry of idaho without affording any adequate advantage to compensate therefor. and SJ?-a;ke River Valleys, in addition to prunes, produce in larg~ Under th&-.protection given by the McKinley tn.riff, hundreds of farmers quantities as fine apples, peaches, pe::trs, plums, and other varie­ have put out prune orchards of from 5 t.o 20 acres, and I know of several ties of fruit as is grown in any country or clime. The Idaho who have every dollar they have on earth invested, and if the tariff is now taken off they must be ruined. pear is especially fine, and ha~ attracted wide attention through­ I think the prune industry is entitled to protection, for many good rea­ out the United States. Pons. Raising prunes is aud must be a matter of education and intelligence. Those who examined the Idaho horticultural exhibit at the It requires constant care; it takes long years of expenditure and patient waiting for any results. In the packing and curing, expensive machinery World's Columbian Exposition last year must have been con­ is required. · vinced of the excellence of our fruit. MoTe care is exercised and a better prune produced in America to-day than Hon. John Boyd Thatcher, chairman executive committee on we get from abroad; and if we are allowed a little time and protection, the same results will follow the prune industry that_we see in so many (}f our awards, World's Columbian Exposition, has kindly furnished manufactured articles. The quality of the article will be improved and me with a report of the following awards: the price cheapened. This will be accomplished, a better ln':towledge as to how the tree should be planted and treated, largely lessening the percentage UNITED S'.rATES. of t?ees that M-e now lost from various causes. In the picking, curing, and DEPA.RTME..'lT B.-HORTICULTURE. packing. many improvements are being made each year, and for the de· struction of the insects to which they M'e subject. Let us feed our American Exhibitor, State of Idaho. people on this wholsome fruit raised on American farms. Exhibit, Pomaceous and stone fruits. Group 21. Class 183. AWARD. In North Idaho, but more especially in the counties of Latah, Apples (c1·op oj 1892).-A large exhibit representing twenty-three varieties Nez Perce, and Idaho, prune raising has become an important correctly na.med. The fruit is meritorious for dessert and cooking purpose's' industry. Mr. F. E. Mix, a member of the White-Mix Nursery but excels chiefly in color, unifm·m size, and.treedom from insect blemishes' which render these varieties especially valuable for market purposes The Company at Moscow in that district, informs me that his nur­ condition of the fruit indicates great care in handling. · sery has sold within the past two years over 200,000 prune trees, Apples (crop of 1893).-Consists offorty·threevarieties. The special points and, as there arc other nurseries in that district, he believes it of mmit are high color, uniform size, n·eedom from insect and other blem· ishes, and general excellence. a s:tfe estimate to say that over 400,000 prune trees have been Pea1•s.-Consists of fifteen varieties, possessing general excellence in ('.olor planted in that section within that time. size, and freedom from insect and other blemishes. ' I will read Mr. Mix.'s letter: E. F. BABCOCK. [Oftlce or White-Mix Nursery Company, F. L. White, manager.] Prunes.-Consists of 3erman and Hungarian varieties. A few specimen branches shown demonstrate the wonderful productiveness of these prunes Moscow, IDAHo, JanuaMJ u, 189:1. in this State. The fruit has a rlch flavor, and is unusually large and perfect Sm: Yours of the 5th instant to hand and contents carefully n.oted. I will in appearance. say in reply that in my opinion Idaho is destined to become in the near fu­ fr~:t~~m.i;h~~ fruit is meritorious for its excellent quality and freedom ture one of the greatest prune-producing States in the Union. Our prunes are of finest quality for drying because of our high and dry Apricots.-These apticots have an excellent flavor, and are perfect in ap­ altitudes and rich, dry soil, and our usually dry, cool weather for ripening, pearance. which renders them very solid and fine flavored, .because of which they do G. I. MOTZ, Individual Judge. not shrink so much in drying as those produced in many other localities. Approved. Although prune-growing in this section is yet in its infancy, it is rapidly B. STARRATT, assuming gigantic proportions, and already exceeds in production that of P~eaident JJepartmental Comm£ttu. any other fruit raised here. The orchards through this portion of the State Approved. consist of about five prune trees ro one of any other variety of fruit, and the JOHN BOYD THATCHER, tendency toward prune-planting seems to be very much on the increase, and Chairman Executive Committee on Awards. is even now only limited by the means of our farmers to buy, plant, and cultivate. Prune trees in this section, 1! properly planted and cultivated, will yield Exhibit, JJriedfruits. Group 21. Class 139. their first crop in the fourth year after planting, and will average about 100 AWARD. pounds per tree; and fl.'om this time they become self-supportin~. The gre3ter number of orchards about here are planted at the rate of 100 trees Prunes.-An exhibit of evaporated prunes. Their excellence consists in per acre. '!'he yield will increase from year to year as the tree increases in t~~:. color, flavor, and l!:eneral appearance, the result of skillful evapora- size, and will average about 200pertree up totbetwelfthyear, when the yield will increase. * * * The fruit is in good condition and neatly packed for exhibitidn. Now, if the duty is taken off of prunes, and this young and growing indus­ N. FROMM, Individual Judqe. try is taken !rom us. it will be the worst stroke that can be made at us here, Approved. tor farmers are counting confid-ently on making this the first and greatest B. STAB.RA.TT, t~tep toward diversified !arming. President JJepartmental Committee. It is now come to be the general opinion among farmers that they will sell Approved. off a portion ot their land and farm more economically, and cultivate a por· JOHN BOYD THATCHER, tion of their land tO fruit. In this way we will increase the population of Oh.airman Executive Oommtttee on .awa'l'ds. the State many times, and still each farmer Will make more money and em· FEBRUARY 28,1894. ploy as many men as before. • * * . Mr. President, I once more appeal to the Senator from Ar­ In Idaho we can, if not interfered with, make rapid progress in the de· velopment o! the fruit business, as apples, plums, pears, cherrles, grapes, kansas and to the Senator from Missouri, who have this bill in :md a great many other fruits; also small fruits in great variety thrive charge, to accept the amendment which I have offered. The well here, but the prune is by far the most important fruit of Northern amendment retains the present duty, which will be of immeas­ Idaho. Within the two years last past we (the Mix Company) have sold in the northern portion of this State about 200,000 prune trees, and we estimate m·able benefit to the farmers and fruit growers of Idaho and that our sales are about one-half the output in this section. * * * the Pacific coast, and will enable them to continue the cultiva­ Since it requires an investment some years in advance, and trees are tion of their orchards and the development of the fruit in­ small-looking things when first planted and no returns to be had for so long, it is necessary that the busmess receive an the encouragement pos­ dustry and to successfully compete with the foreign producer for sible. A great ad vantage in prune-growing over that of cereal crops is that our home markets. when once planted the trees are there for life. and further, an orchard does The striking down o.f silver and lead has already made deso­ not impoverish soil at so great a rate as the usual crops. Every orchard should have in it numbers of bees, and a.t present there- are very few stands late many communities, and ruined thousands of our people who in all this portion o! the State. and yet they do well here and lay up a large were once prosperous and contented. A reduction of the duty store of most excellent honey each season. Without numerous orchards on fruits, and especially prunes, as proposed in the pending bill, bees will not thrive well with us. • * • The sugar-baet industry is now being agitated by orchard men as one of will be another calamity upon our already: discour11.ged peo:ple, the most profitat.ie crops that can be produced through their young orchards, who are struggling to overcome and outlive adverse legislat10n.. 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SENATE. 6047

Mr. PLATT. There was so much noise in the Ohamber that is an amendment pending, offered. by the Senatorfrom Idaho [Mr. I could not hear all the Senator from Idaho said. The inquiry SHOUP] to the amenc1ment proposed by the committee. I wish to make of him is, whether the prune and plum industry Mr. ALDRICH. Then I will spank to that amendment. My is one of recent establishment in his State? purpose was to move to strike out the words "including Zante Mr. SHOUP. It is one of comparatively recent establishment currants" to the end of the paragraph. in this country. It was commenced in Idaho some seven or I did not intend by the remarks which I made to detract from ei(J'ht years ago; but until six years aO'O we were not aware that tho glories of the mountains and valleys of California, or to dis· th~ climate and soil of our State were~o well adapted to the cul­ parage the natural resources of that import!l.llt part of our na· ture of plums and prunes. tio~al domain. I desire to call the attention of the Senate to the Mr. PLATT. llas the price of prunes and plums increased or very different treatment accorded in this bill to certain sections lessened? · and. cerhin industries from that which is accorded to other sec­ Mr. WHITE. Lessened. tions and other industries. Mr. SHOUP. Tho price has been very much lessened. The Senator from California who sits in front or me [Mr. Mr. DOLPH. Mr. President, I understand that the com­ WIIITE] seems to think I did notunde1•stand this question at all; mittee propose not to offer the amendments of which notice was that the Senator from Iowa [11r. ALLISON] and I hac1 put this O'ivon but intend to allow tho duty on plums and prunes to stand proposition in the act of 1800 without knowing what it was, and ~s fix~d in the bill as it came from tho House, at H cents per that we did not know the aitierence batween a raisin and a. pound. currant, or did not know what a currant was. I will say to the Mr. WHITE. Let me correct the Senator. The House pro­ Senator tho.t, fortunately or unfortunately, many years of my vision fixed the duty on plums and prunes at ~0 per cent ad life I spent as a merchant in selling currants, and I presume the valorem; the Senate committee proposed a duty of 30 per cent ad character of them has not changed in the last generation. I pre­ valm·em; and the amendment offered by the Senator from Ar­ sume the Zante currants are the same fruit now that they were kansas propo es H cents per pound. when 2t cents a pound dut..v was imposed on them in 1872, and Mr. DOLPH. Then I will restate the matter. The subcom­ again inl883, when a duty oilcentapound was imposed on them, mittee proposes a duty of H cents per pound. The mnttermight and when they were put upon the free list in 1890. I take it for stand in very much worse shape. This is a reduction of 25 per granted that fruit has not substantially changed its character cent from the duty in the McKinley law. I know of no good from that timelto this, and that it is used for the same purposes reason why that duty should be reduced. now that it was during all those years, so that the definition in The McKinley law has given a great impetus to this industry a cyclop3:!dia, or in a hundred cyclopredias, docs not affect this on the Pacific coast. As hus just been stated by the Senator question at all in any way, shape, or manner. from California and the Senator from Idaho, this is an in.dustry Zante currants are a fruit used by the common people of the of compnrath-ely recent growth. It may be aid to be hardly country. They come in competition unquestionably with cer­ yet e.:;t blished, beca.u e it t kcs some years to grow a prune hin fruits of California. They are taken from the iree list and orchard which will make a return for the investment. In the a duty is to be given them of 30 per cent ad valorem. The Sen· first pla.ce, the ground has to be purchased and carefully pre­ ator was unnecessarily sensHive as to what I said about his vot­ par dfor the trees: then the trees must be purchased and planted, ing for the provislons of this bill. I bave no doubt he would and then the prune orchard requires the most careful oultiva· have voted for this bill if there had been no duty on Zante cur­ tion until the trees are ready to bear and also whilst bearing. rants or anything else raised in California. He i'3 a Democrat Th ground of a prune orchard must be kept as clean as the first, and will vote for a Democratic tariff measure, because he ground of a flower g-arden in order that the trees may do well. thinks the intere ts of the country will be subserved by the This industry is bound to become a groat industry on the Pa· adoption of such a measure: but I will say to tho Senator ft·om cific coast. In my own State, in all the valleys of Western Ore­ California that no Senator upon this side, or no twelve Senators gon, the Willn.mette Valley, and in every portion of Eastern on this side, could have had the powers of peraua ion to have Oregon, where the land is not desert land, or where water can induced this committee to have made this change. be got upon deeert land, prunes, and, in fact, all fruits grow in That is all I meant to say about it. I said if the votes of Son· tho greatest perfection and abundance. I do not suppose there ators on the other side o1 the Chamber are necessary, or if their is n. spot on the face of the earth \Yhore the small fruits, and I influence is necessary, then changes are made in this bill; but may likewise say tho larger fruits, apples, pears, plums, prunes if, on this side of the Ohamber, suggestions are made of 20, 30, cherries, and berries of all kinds, arc produced in greater per~ 40, or 50 per cent duty upon articles, the product of our own fection and ingrcater abundance than they are in the Willamette States, no attention whatever is paid to them. When, however, Valley. But we arc at this disadvantage, the markets for tho the Senator from California requests-to use his mild phrase­ fruits raised on the Pacific coast are in the East, and we have to the committee to t:1ke an article which is in common use from pay for transportation from two to three thous:md miles upon the free list and put 300 per cent ad valorem upon it, it is done. oue fruits to get them to market. It was simply because I desired to call the ~tten;tion of the The result of the McKinley b.w, us ha3 been said by the Sen­ Senate and the countrv to this character ol leglSlatwn for cer­ ator from Idaho, on the grmvth of the industry on the Pacific tain interests and for -certain sections of the country, as com· coast has been to decrease tho price and at the same time to in­ pared with the treatment ol other sections and other interests crease the product. of the country, that I made the remarks that I did. The dutv under the act of 18S3 on dried fruits was 1 cent a Mr. GRAY. It might be called maple-sugar treatment. pound, and under the McKinley act it is~conts a pound. vVeim­ Mr. ALDRIOH. The Senator from Delaware never gets over ported in 1 8, 82,914,670 pounds of dried fruits. Unc.ler the maple sugar. One would think feom whELt he says that the whole McKinley law, which incre tl the tluty to 2 cents a pound, the univorse ...vas turning around upon tho question of the bounty fruit culture was greatly encoura.getl, and om· import::Ltion was on maple sugar. decreased in 1803 to ~·3: t~5,821, or more than one-third less than Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, the statementmade bytheSen· what it was in 1888, and the price, 1 am told, as has just been said ator from Rhode Island, that he knows all about this matter, re­ by the Senator from Idaho and by the Senator from California moves any possible excuse for his original remark. With that has in the meantime deCJ•eased. ' statement, I will dismiss that part of his argument. I was surprised a couple of yours ago in travolino· throuo-h the When the Senator speaks of a duty of so many hundred per \Villnmette Valley to see here and thoro orchards~5 acres"'in one cent, he exaggerates the situation. It it were true as regards place, 40 acres, a hundred acres, or two or three hundred acres the currant, so called, I say the argument is a sophistical one, in other places, oi prune trees in one orchard, and growing free for the reason that the currant, so called, is nothing else scien­ from grass. Tho orchartl::; wero kept as clean as they could be, tifically, commer·cially, and horticulturally than a grape, and I and the trees were in a fl.ouri hin~ condition; but those trees have proved that. Anyone who knows anything about the sub­ had not arrived at the bearing condition. that is to say they had ject knows it, and if the Senator is conversant with the facts not begun to produce yet. When they do begin to produce, if he is awaro of it. we can have the market of the United. States, Oregon alone will So far as the treatment of my State is concerned, let me say supply the market of the United States, and give better prunes to the Senator from Rhode Island that the orotected industries than can be imported from Itulyor any other country. I bought within his State furnish stronger testimony in refutation of his the othe1• day some Oreo-on pnmes in this market, thirteen of statement here than any argument I could make. them dried making a pound, the finest ever brought to this The State from which 1 come, Mr. President, is interested in market. having many articles on the free list upon which a protective The PRESIDING OFFICER. 'rho tjonator's time has expired. duty has been granted by the committee, I may say, in defer­ Mr. ALDRIOH. I ·wilJ move to stl'ike out the words '' includ­ ence to the wishes of the paPt of the country !rom which the Ing Zante currants' in the paragraph-- Senator from .Uhode Island hails. But he comes here utterly The PRESIDING OFFIOER. The Ohair will state that there unreflective. so far as the granting of favors or concessions, or :; ..~------~ ' il ; '

6048 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 9,

justice, if he would call it that, to the industt'ies of his section trade speeches all over his State in the campaign before he "Was is _concerned, and boldly attacks the committee because they elected, may have Zante currants developed in California. li~ve recognized, perhaps, the interests of some other part of I say if California can raise all the Zante currants that we the United States than his own. need in this country and exclude the Greek product, and let Less, Mr. President, than any other part of this Union is my those poor producers over in Greece who are working for low State interested in high duties of the naturo prescribed by any wages, and perhaps starving for want of food, go on and starve legislation which has ever been had in this country. For my­ because they can not raise Zante currants for the American mar­ self, I sP.ould be perfectly willing to waive al~ protective duties ket, both the Senators from California will be duly ~rateful to so far as California is concerned, if the bill treated the rest of the Senator from Missouri [Mr. VEST] and the Senator from the country in the same way. I should bo perfectly willing to Arkansas [Mr. JONES] for granting this overwhelming monopoly let my State go into the mark~ts of the world and compete to the fruits of California. Let them have the duty they want, therein; but I do not intend, if I cn.n enforce my views by legiti­ and it will give me great pleasure to vote for exactly what they mate argument, to permit the States in the region from whence want. - - --~ _ ,. --··-· _ . the Senator comes to share a certain advantage over other parts Mr. PERKINS. I will say to myfl'iena from N,ew Hampshire of the Union · and not make him also stand- the same sort of that California furnishes a better quality of curran:ts for the treatment himself. · · pudding of every citizen of New Hampshire, as well as of e\"ery ·:v.rr. LODGE. Mr. President, I inquire if there is an amend­ other State, of American currants, raised by American citizens­ ment now pending? upon American soil, than are furnished by foreign counteies. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. PAsco in the chair). There Mr. CHANDLER.. I hope the Senator does not criticise any­ is an amendment pending. thing I said. I am on the Senator's side. I did want a cheap Mr. LODGE. I de3ire to ask unanimous consent, which I un­ breakfast table, but if we are to be t:txed on suaar let us t:1X cur- deratood to have been given at the request of the.Senator from rants, certainly. Why not? o Maine [Mr. FRYE] in my behalf, to offer an amendment at the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question i.s on the amendment end of the fish schedule. I wish to offer it now, if this be the proposed by the Senator from Idaho [Mr. SHOUP j to the amend­ proper time. ment of the committee. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair understands such Mr. DOLPH. I call for the yeas and nays. an agreement to have been made; but the Chair suggests to the The yeas and nays were ordered, and the Secretary proceeded Senator that he delay offering the amendment until paragraph to call the roll. 217, which is now under consideration, be disposed of. Mr. CHANDLER (when his name was called). On this ques­ Mr. LODGE. Very well. tion I am paired with the junior Senator from New York [Mr. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the amendment MURPHY]. If he were present I should vote "yeg,. '' proposed by the Senator from Idaho [Mr. SHOUP] to the amend­ Mr. HIGGINS (whenhis name was called). I am paired with proposed by the committee. the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. 1\fcPHERSON]. If he were Mr. 'rELLER. Let the amendment be stated. present I should vote H yea." The VICE-PRESIDEN.T. The amendment will be st:l.ted. Mr. PALMER (when his name was called). I tt-ausfer my The Secretary again read the amendment proposed by Mr. pair with the Senator from North D..tkota [Mr. HANSBROUGHj SHOUP. to the Senator !rom Kentucky [Mr. LINDSAY], and vote "nay." Mr. CHANDLER. Mr.-President, in reference to this amend­ The ro.ll call was cone! uded. ment I am very much in the condition of the multi-millionaire Mr. LODGE. I am paired with the senior Senator from New who had sent his son abroad, and who was informed by his York [Mr. HILL]. If he were p1·esent I should vote" yea." banker that his son had drawn on him for "a hundred thousand," Mr. GRAY (after having voted in the negative'. I inquire and he was asked whether he wished the draft honored. Said whether the Senator from Illinois [Mr. COLLOM] has voted 'I he: "If it is dollars, I shall not honor it; but if it is those little The VICE-PRESIDENT. He has not voted. francs, let him have them." Mr. GRAY. Then I withdraw my vote. As I understand this Zante currant business, the Senator from Mr. LODGE. I suggest to the Senator from Delaware that California on the other side of the Chamber [Mr. WHITE]-in­ we transfer our pairs. If agreeable to him, I will transfer my deed both the Senators from California, whom I now see con­ pair with the Senator from New York [Mr. HILL] to the Sena­ ferring on this subject, and who, notwithstanding their politics, tor from Illinois [Mr. CoLLOM], which will enable us both to agree in applying this high duty to Zante currants, one perhaps vote. on one principle and the other on another principle-wished to Mr. GRAY. Very well, then; my vote may stand. class Zante currants as raisins, and to have them made dutiable Mr. LODGE. I vote "yea." as such, and not dutiable as currantg. Mr. CALL. I announce my pair with the Senator from Ver­ As I understand, the raisin proper is made from a gt·ape, and mont [Mr. MORRILL). usually from a large grape, but Zante currants are little bits of Mr. BLACKBURN (after having voted in the negative). I fruit, hardly entitled to be called gra.pes. am informed that the senior Senator from Nebraska [Mr . ....!AN­ Mr. WHITE. The Senator is entirely wrong. DERSON], with whom I am paired, has not voted. Mr. HOAR. They are dried grapes. The VICE·PRESIDENT. He has not voted. Mr. CIIANDLER. Very well; I stand corrected. I always Mr. BLACKBURN. I will then transfer my paie to the Sen yield when I ge·t both_ emocr tio and Repu'olioan testixnony· ator from South Carolina r:Mr. IRIJY], so that he will stand pairec but z;ante currants are not much bigger than .flies, and when a With the Senat01: !.rom Nebra. ka., and let my vote sta.nd. poor' man sees them in hi"' pudding, instead oJ seeing great big, The result was announced-yeas 23, nays 31. · - generous raisins, he does not know but that flies have ac-ciden­ YEAS-23. tally got into it. [Laughter.] They are little bits ofthings; and Aldrich, Dolph, McMillan. Power, I feel about them very much as the multi-millionaire felt about Allison, Dubois, Patton, Quay, Carey, Frye, Pelrer, Shoup, the francs. If, however, the two Senators fl'om CJ.lilornia want Chandler, Gallinger, Perkins, Teller, a duty on them, let th~m have it, whether it is 100, or 200, or Davis, Hale, Pettigrew, Washburn. 300 per cent. The fact about it is that this isaniilfant industry. Dixon, Lodge, Platt, "Zante ''is a Greek name, and the Za.nte currants from Greece NAYS-31. have had tho control of the market; but they have discovered Berry, George, McL:~.m·ln . Ro:~.ch, out in California that they can rcLise a little bit of a grape that Blackburn, Gibson, Mart·In, Smith, Blanchard, Gray. Mllls, Turpie, will make these little currants, and supersede the imported cur­ Cattery, harris, Mit<:hell, Wis. Vest, rants, so they want this infant industry protected; and the Sen­ Camden, Hunton, Morgan, Voorhees. ator from California on this side of the Chamber has his heart Cockrell, Jarvls, Palmer, Walsh, Coke, Jones, At·k. Pasco, White. overflowing with gratitude for something that has been given D:miel, Kyle, Ransom, this morning by Senators on the other side of the Chamber for NOT VOTING-31. the industries of California, and the Senator from California on Allen, Gor·don, Jones, Nev. Pugh, the other side of the Chamber, whom we have not been able to Bate, Gorman, Lindsay, Sherman, get a word out of in all of this discussion, has taken the floor Brice, Hansbrough, McPherson, quire, and has made a leamed and elaborate argument in favor of pro­ Butler, Hawley, Manderson, Stewart, Call, Higgins, Mitchell, Oregon Vila.s, tect~!lg these little currants and giving California the monopoly Cameron, HUl, Morrill, Wilson. of them. - Cullom. Hoar, Murphy, Wol"ott. They are to be taken off the free list, and the poor man·s pud­ Faulkner, Irby, Proctor, dingz that never had any raisins in it, or never had anything So the amendment to the amendment was rejected. buthttle raisins in it, is to be taxed in order thn.t this infant in­ 'l~he VICE-PRESIDENT. Tho question recurs upon the& dustry of California shall be protected, that the Senator from amendment proposed by the committ~o. California on the other side of the Chamber, who made free- The amendment wns agreed to.

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