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Viticulture: Table Wine and Grape Varieties

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Viticulture: Table Wine and Grape Varieties New Agriculture for a New Generation: Recharging Greek Youth to Revitalize the Agriculture and Food Sector of the Greek Economy Viticulture, Table & Wine Grapes Varieties Coordinator: Dr. Christos Vasilikiotis, Assistant Professor Project Leader: Konstantinos Zoukidis, Adjunct Lecturer & Researcher Team members: Dr. Eleni Topalidou, Lecturer & Researcher Michalis Genitsariotis, Adjunct Lecturer & Researcher Dr. Ilias Kalfas, Researcher Executive summary Greece is experiencing the consequences of the hardest financial crisis of its history. The economic crisis in Greece, have a great impact on unemployment and as a result companies are out of business and many people especially young ones are unemployed. In addition, economic crisis, from one hand leads more and more people, special young people with many skills to leave from Greece to other countries and from the other hand, turns young unemployed people to the agricultural sector. The current project’s aim is to determine the potential of viticulture, table and grape varieties in Greece could be an answer for recharging youth and if this sector could improve the national economy and reverse this negative trend. Grape cultivation and wine making have a distinguished place in the history of Western civilization. The ancient Greeks gave an importance to wine, which greatly exceeded its role as a beverage. The production of wine and table grape has been an important part of Greek culture for many centuries. Nowadays Greece holds the 13th place on vineyard surface area. It is one of the first table grape producing (4th) countries in Europe, first producer of currants (Black Corinth) of the world production and eighth exported country in dried grapes worldwide. SWOT analysis was conducted for this sector which revealed the fact that this sector is valuable and with appropriate choices can recharge youth. Results showed that there is a great potential for table grapes in Greece and for wine grapes could be potential if the problem with the limited available plating rights to establish new vineyards, will be resolved. 2 Executive summary Ελλάδα βιώνει τις συνέπειες της µεγαλύτερης οικονοµικής κρίσης της σύγχρονης ιστορίας της. Η οικονοµική κρίση στην Ελλάδα, έχει µεγάλο αντίκτυπο στην ανεργία και ως εκ τούτου οι εταιρείες και οι επιχειρήσεις κλείνουν και πολλοί άνθρωποι κυρίως νέοι να µένουν άνεργοι. Επιπλέον, η οικονοµική κρίση, από τη µία πλευρά οδηγεί όλο και περισσότερους ανθρώπους, ειδικότερα νέους µε πολλές δεξιότητες για να φεύγουν από την Ελλάδα προς άλλες χώρες και από την άλλη µεριά, στρέφει τους νέους ανέργους στον γεωργικό τοµέα. Στόχος της συγκεκριµένης µελέτης είναι να διερευνήσει αν ο κλάδος της αµπελουργίας, θα µπορούσε να είναι η απάντηση στην αναζωογόνηση της νεολαίας και αν ο τοµέας αυτός θα µπορούσε να βελτιώσει την εθνική οικονοµία και να ανατρέψουµε αυτή την αρνητική τάση. Καλλιέργεια των αµπελιών και την παραγωγή κρασιού κατέχει µια ξεχωριστή θέση στην ιστορία του δυτικού πολιτισµού. Οι αρχαίοι Έλληνες έδωσαν ιδιαίτερη σηµασία στο κρασί, το οποίο ξεχώριζε ως ποτό. Η παραγωγή του επιτραπέζιου και του οινοποιήσιµου κατέχει ένα σηµαντικό µερίδιο στο ελληνικό πολιτισµό, για πολλούς αιώνες. Σήµερα η Ελλάδα κατέχει την 13η θέση σε έκταση σε αµπελώνες. Είναι µία από τις πρώτες χώρες στην παραγωγή επιτραπέζιων σταφυλιών (4η) στην Ευρώπη, πρώτος παραγωγός της κορινθιακής σταφίδας (Μαύρη Κορινθιακή σταφίδα) της παγκόσµιας παραγωγής και είναι η όγδοη χώρα σε εξαγωγές σταφίδας σε όλο τον κόσµο. Η ανάλυση της SWOT που διενεργήθηκε για τον κλάδο επιβεβαίωσε τη µεγάλη του αξία αλλά και τις προοπτικές που έχει ιδιαίτερα για την απασχόληση των νέων. Τα αποτελέσµατα έδειξαν ότι στην Ελλάδα το επιτραπέζιο σταφύλι έχει µεγάλες δυνατότητες και όσο αφορά τα οινοποιήσιµα σταφύλια θα µπορούσε να είναι δυνατότητες, εφόσον επιλυθεί το πρόβληµα µε τα περιορισµένα δικαιώµατα φύτευσης. 3 Final Report Sectoral Study No 3 Viticulture, Table & Wine Grapes Varieties For Greece Thessaloniki, December 2015 4 Table of Contents Executive summary .......................................................................................................... 2 Executive summary .......................................................................................................... 3 List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ 7 List of Tables .................................................................................................................... 8 List of Figures ................................................................................................................. 10 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 12 1.1 Agricultural sector in Greece .............................................................................................. 12 1.2 Financial crisis and rural development ............................................................................... 22 1.3 Viticulture, table and wine grape varieties ......................................................................... 26 2. Methodology ............................................................................................................... 28 3. Literature Review / Desk Research ............................................................................ 30 3.1 Viticulture, table and wine grape varieties ......................................................................... 30 3.1.1. Historic review of their use worldwide ............................................................................. 30 3.1.2. Main cultivars of grape varieties ....................................................................................... 31 3.2 Requirements for establishment ....................................................................................... 34 3.2.1. Legislative framework of establishment vineyard ............................................................ 34 3.3 Viticulture, table and wine grape varieties in Greece .......................................................... 42 3.3.1 Historic review of their use in Greece ................................................................................ 42 3.3.2 Viticulture description ........................................................................................................ 42 3.3.3 Main cultivars of grape varieties ........................................................................................ 57 3.3.4 Current situation ................................................................................................................ 67 4. Analysis & Discussion ................................................................................................. 78 4.1 Market Analysis ................................................................................................................. 78 4.1.1 Consumer habits and requirements .................................................................................. 78 4.1.2 Global Markets ................................................................................................................... 78 4.1.3 Domestic market ................................................................................................................ 80 4.1.4 Import-exports analysis ..................................................................................................... 81 4.1.5 Potential substitution of imported the imported grapes ................................................... 93 4.1.6 Potential export growth ......................................................................................... 93 4.2 The Greek Experience until now ...................................................................................... 94 4.2.1 Case studies from successful and unsuccessful farming businesses. ................................. 94 4.2.2 Major Problems faced by growers ................................................................................... 102 4.2.3 Critical Success Factors .................................................................................................... 103 4.2.4 Identification of training needs of new farmers .............................................................. 105 5. Future Prospects ....................................................................................................... 106 5.1 SWOT analysis ................................................................................................................... 106 5.2 Stakeholder Analysis ......................................................................................................... 114 5.3 Future Markets ................................................................................................................. 115 5.4 Synergies with other sectors ............................................................................................. 117 5.4.1 Agro tourism opportunities ............................................................................................. 117 5.4.2 E-commerce opportunities .............................................................................................. 118 5 6. Guidelines and Indicative business plan ................................................................... 120 Technical systemic approach to Integrated Crop Management. .............................................. 120 6.1 Guidelines & Indicative Business Plan ...............................................................................
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