A Brief History
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The Pennsylvania Assembly's Conflict with the Penns, 1754-1768
Liberty University “The Jaws of Proprietary Slavery”: The Pennsylvania Assembly’s Conflict With the Penns, 1754-1768 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the History Department in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts in History by Steven Deyerle Lynchburg, Virginia March, 2013 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: Liberty or Security: Outbreak of Conflict Between the Assembly and Proprietors ......9 Chapter 2: Bribes, Repeals, and Riots: Steps Toward a Petition for Royal Government ..............33 Chapter 3: Securing Privilege: The Debates and Election of 1764 ...............................................63 Chapter 4: The Greater Threat: Proprietors or Parliament? ...........................................................90 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................113 1 Introduction In late 1755, the vituperative Reverend William Smith reported to his proprietor Thomas Penn that there was “a most wicked Scheme on Foot to run things into Destruction and involve you in the ruins.” 1 The culprits were the members of the colony’s unicameral legislative body, the Pennsylvania Assembly (also called the House of Representatives). The representatives held a different opinion of the conflict, believing that the proprietors were the ones scheming, in order to “erect their desired Superstructure of despotic Power, and reduce to -
Simple Maps of the Pennsylvania Turnpike System
The Pennsylvania Turnpike Website: www.paturnpike.com Customer Service: 800.331.3414 (Outside U.S., call 717.831.7601) Travel Information: Dial 511 within PA Emergency Assistance or 1-877-511-PENN(7366) (877.736 .6727) when calling from outside of PA, Customer Service *11on the Pennsylvania Turnpike or visit www.511pa.com (Outside U.S., call 717-561-1522) *Gateway Toll Plaza (#2) near Ohio is a one-way toll facility. No toll is charged for westbound travel into Ohio, but there is an eastbound toll to enter Delmont Greensburg Pennsylvania via Gateway. The one-way tolling Bypass conversion was required to ease congestion and 66 allow installation of Express E-ZPass lanes. 14 Murrysville 22 Blairsville Sheffield D r. 66 12 BUS Sharon, Beaver Valley 66 Youngstown Expressway Harrison City 993 9 BUS Greensburg 376 15 66 422 Butler 8 Jeannette 130 Greensburg 376 6 Irwin 30 Greensburg 17 Mt. Jackson 108 New Castle Mainline Toll Zone 4 Mainline Toll Zone West Newton 136 Greensburg 20 New Galilee 168 Moravia 1 Erie Arona Rd. 351 Butler Ligonier Murrysville New Kensington Johnstown Greensburg 119 19 0 26 Elwood City ALLEGHENY 28 PITTSBURGH IRWIN DONEGAL 711 SOMERSET VALLEY 22 57 30 NEW STANTON 601 48 67 New Stanton Service Plaza 91 110 N.Somerset Service Plaza Allegheny Tunnel Warrendale Toll Plaza Allegheny River Allegheny Gateway Toll Plaza (Eastbound Only)* 75 Beaver River Beaver 49 To Central Section 76 70 76 Ohio 2 30 78 NEW BEAVER CRANBERRY BUTLER 112 of the map CASTLE 18 VALLEY 28 VALLEY 70 119 31 10 13 8 39 29 79 376 Darlington 551 Beaver -
Bedford County Parks, Recreation and Open Space Plan
Bedford County Parks, Recreation and Open Space Plan December 18, 2007 Adopted by the Bedford County Board of Commissioners Prepared by the Bedford County Planning Commission With technical assistance provided by This plan was financed in part by a grant from the Community Conservation Partnership Program, Environmental Stewardship fund, under the administration of the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Recreation and Conservation. Intentionally Blank Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................1-1 Plan Purpose and Value Planning Process Plan Overview by Chapter Setting and Study Area.........................................................................................................................2-1 Regional Setting County Characteristic and Trends Major Communities and Corridors Significant and Sizable Features Development and Conservation Policy Open Space Resources.............................................................................................................. 3-1 Sensitive Natural Resources Resources for Rural Industries Resources for Rural Character Regulation and Protection of Natural Resources Conclusions and Options Parks & Recreation Facilities ................................................................................................... 4-1 State Parks and Recreation Resources Local Public Park and Recreation Facility Assessment Analysis -
Real Stories from Our History
REAL STORIES FROM OUR HISTORY ROMANCE AND ADVENTURE IN AUTHENTIC RECORDS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNITED STATES BY JOHN T. PARIS AUTHOR OF "winning THE OREGON COUNTRY" "THE ALASKAN PATHFINDER," ETC. GINN AND COMPANY BOSTON . NEW YORK • CHICAGO • LONDON ATLANTA • DALLAS • COLUMBUS • SAN FRANCISCO COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY JOHN T. PARIS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 216.4 .3 ! tCfte atftengum J^ttii GINN AND COMPANY- PRO- PRIETORS • BOSTON • U.S.A. APR 19 1916 (Dn A 4 27 7 05 (£) The Curtis Publishing Company, from a Copley Print. © Curtib »S: Canierun, Boston \ PRISCILLA AND JOHN ALDEN PREFACE In its report to the National Education Association, the Committee of Eight on the Study of History in the Elementary Schools, appointed by the American Historical Society, said, '" Our history teaching in the past has failed largely because it has not been picturesque enough." The committee also outlined a method by which the lacking element could be supplied. Among other things this was said, " Only typical events should receive em- phasis, and these should be so grasped and so presented as to make definite impression." Emphasis was laid on "the giving of a sense of reality and appealing to the feelings " by "reading source material like letters, journals, diaries and other personal accounts from the pens of men and women who took part in the events they narrate or witnessed the scenes they portray," and by the interpretation of these sources. In preparing " Real Stories from Our History " the author has kept in mind this report which voiced the plea made by teachers for books that would give human interest to facts that to many seem remote and colorless. -
POINT PLEASANT 1774 Prelude to the American Revolution
POINT PLEASANT 1774 Prelude to the American Revolution JOHN F WINKLER ILLUSTRATED BY PETER DENNIS © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CAMPAIGN 273 POINT PLEASANT 1774 Prelude to the American Revolution JOHN F WINKLER ILLUSTRATED BY PETER DENNIS Series editor Marcus Cowper © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 The strategic situation The Appalachian frontier The Ohio Indians Lord Dunmore’s Virginia CHRONOLOGY 17 OPPOSING COMMANDERS 20 Virginia commanders Indian commanders OPPOSING ARMIES 25 Virginian forces Indian forces Orders of battle OPPOSING PLANS 34 Virginian plans Indian plans THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 38 From Baker’s trading post to Wakatomica From Wakatomica to Point Pleasant The battle of Point Pleasant From Point Pleasant to Fort Gower THE AFTERMATH 89 THE BATTLEFIELD TODAY 93 FURTHER READING 94 INDEX 95 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com 4 British North America in1774 British North NEWFOUNDLAND Lake Superior Quebec QUEBEC ISLAND OF NOVA ST JOHN SCOTIA Montreal Fort Michilimackinac Lake St Lawrence River MASSACHUSETTS Huron Lake Lake Ontario NEW Michigan Fort Niagara HAMPSHIRE Fort Detroit Lake Erie NEW YORK Boston MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND PENNSYLVANIA New York CONNECTICUT Philadelphia Pittsburgh NEW JERSEY MARYLAND Point Pleasant DELAWARE N St Louis Ohio River VANDALIA KENTUCKY Williamsburg LOUISIANA VIRGINIA ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTH CAROLINA Forts Cities and towns SOUTH Mississippi River CAROLINA Battlefields GEORGIA Political boundary Proposed or disputed area boundary -
Antiquarian & Modern
Blackwell’s Rare Books Blackwell’S rare books ANTIQUARIAN & MODERN Blackwell’s Rare Books 48-51 Broad Street, Oxford, OX1 3BQ Direct Telephone: +44 (0) 1865 333555 Switchboard: +44 (0) 1865 792792 Email: [email protected] Fax: +44 (0) 1865 794143 www.blackwell.co.uk/ rarebooks Our premises are in the main Blackwell’s bookstore at 48-51 Broad Street, one of the largest and best known in the world, housing over 200,000 new book titles, covering every subject, discipline and interest, as well as a large secondhand books department. There is lift access to each floor. The bookstore is in the centre of the city, opposite the Bodleian Library and Sheldonian Theatre, and close to several of the colleges and other university buildings, with on street parking close by. Oxford is at the centre of an excellent road and rail network, close to the London - Birmingham (M40) motorway and is served by a frequent train service from London (Paddington). Hours: Monday–Saturday 9am to 6pm. (Tuesday 9:30am to 6pm.) Purchases: We are always keen to purchase books, whether single works or in quantity, and will be pleased to make arrangements to view them. Auction commissions: We attend a number of auction sales and will be happy to execute commissions on your behalf. Blackwell’s online bookshop www.blackwell.co.uk Our extensive online catalogue of new books caters for every speciality, with the latest releases and editor’s recommendations. We have something for everyone. Select from our subject areas, reviews, highlights, promotions and more. Orders and correspondence should in every case be sent to our Broad Street address (all books subject to prior sale). -
“At the Instance of Benjamin Franklin” a Brief History of the Library Company of Philadelphia Francesco Lazzarini, Benjamin Franklin
“At the Instance of Benjamin Franklin” A Brief History of the Library Company of Philadelphia Francesco Lazzarini, Benjamin Franklin. Marble sculpture, ca. 1792, commissioned by William Bingham for the Library Company’s first building. “At the Instance of Benjamin Franklin” A Brief History of the Library Company of Philadelphia PHILADELPHIA: The Library Company of Philadelphia 1314 Locust Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 2015 ©2015 by the Library Company of Philadelphia 1314 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107 All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 978-0-914076-46-9 Cover illustration: James Reid Lambdin, Benjamin Franklin. Oil on canvas, 1880. Purchased by the Library Company, 1880. 4 n July 1, 1731, Benjamin Franklin and a number of his fellow members of the Junto drew up “Articles of Agreement” to Ofound a library. The Junto was a discussion group of young men seeking social, economic, intellectual, and political advancement. When they foundered on a point of fact, they needed a printed authority to set- tle the divergence of opinion. In colonial Pennsylvania at the time there were not many books. Standard English reference works were expensive and difficult to obtain. Franklin and his friends were mostly mechanics of moderate means. None alone could have afforded a representative li- brary, nor, indeed, many imported books. By pooling their resources in pragmatic Franklinian fashion, they could. The contribution of each cre- ated the book capital of all. Fifty subscribers invested forty shillings each and promised to pay ten shillings a year thereafter to buy books and maintain a shareholder’s library. -
Sideling Hill Creek Preserve Visitors Guide
Maryland Preserve Guide Sideling Hill Creek, Allegany County Sideling Hill Creek originates from the southwestern mountains of Pennsylvania, winding its way among the steep, forested shale cliffs of western Maryland before finally spilling into the Potomac River. It is one of the most pristine streams in Maryland, and helps support the Nature Conservancy Nature state’s healthiest population of the globally-rare The The aquatic wildflower Harperella. The rare shale barren communities are another unique feature of this preserve. There are twelve rare, endemic Sideling Hill Creek is one of the most (occurring in the shale barrens and nowhere else) pristine aquatic communities in its region. plants here including the nationally-endangered evening primrose, shale ragwort, and Kate’s mountain clover. The preserve also has many different animals, such as the Olympian marble butterfly, green Key Elements floater mussel, and tiger beetle. Other animals include wild turkey, hawks, and bobcat. Harperella Rare shale barren communities Fun Facts About Sideling Hill Evening primrose The Sideling Hill watershed is about 80% forest cover, Olympian marble butterfly and is incredibly intact because there are no urban centers or industry, and the area is sparsely populated. This isolation has allowed Sideling Hill Creek to have supremely high water quality and healthy aquatic communities. Due to the hydrology of the shale barrens, the water level in this clean creek is highly variable. This variability is common for water bodies near shale barrens, but Sideling Hill Creek is exceptionally variable. It has seven species of freshwater mussels and 40 species of fish. Throughout the preserve, there are also a number of ephemeral streams. -
The ^Penn Collection
The ^Penn Collection A young man, William Penn fell heir to the papers of his distinguished father, Admiral Sir William Penn. This collec- A tion, the foundation of the family archives, Penn carefully preserved. To it he added records of his own, which, with the passage of time, constituted a large accumulation. Just before his second visit to his colony, Penn sought to put the most pertinent of his American papers in order. James Logan, his new secretary, and Mark Swanner, a clerk, assisted in the prepara- tion of an index entitled "An Alphabetical Catalogue of Pennsylvania Letters, Papers and Affairs, 1699." Opposite a letter and a number in this index was entered the identifying endorsement docketed on the original manuscript, and, to correspond with this entry, the letter and number in the index was added to the endorsement on the origi- nal document. When completed, the index filled a volume of about one hundred pages.1 Although this effort showed order and neatness, William Penn's papers were carelessly kept in the years that followed. The Penn family made a number of moves; Penn was incapacitated and died after a long illness; from time to time, business agents pawed through the collection. Very likely, many manuscripts were taken away for special purposes and never returned. During this period, the papers were in the custody of Penn's wife; after her death in 1726, they passed to her eldest son, John Penn, the principal proprietor of Pennsylvania. In Philadelphia, there was another collection of Penn deeds, real estate maps, political papers, and correspondence. -
View of Valley and Ridge Structures from ?:R Stop IX
GIJIDEBOOJ< TECTONICS AND. CAMBRIAN·ORDO'IICIAN STRATIGRAPHY CENTRAL APPALACHIANS OF PENNSYLVANIA. Pifftbutgh Geological Society with the Appalachian Geological Society Septembet, 1963 TECTONICS AND CAMBRIAN -ORDOVICIAN STRATIGRAPHY in the CENTRAL APPALACHIANS OF PENNSYLVANIA FIELD CONFERENCE SPONSORS Pittsburgh Geological Society Appalachian Geological Society September 19, 20, 21, 1963 CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 2 Cambro-Ordovician Stratigraphy of Central and South-Central 3 Pennsylvania by W. R. Wagner Fold Patterns and Continuous Deformation Mechanisms of the 13 Central Pennsylvania Folded Appalachians by R. P. Nickelsen Road Log 1st day: Bedford to State College 31 2nd day: State College to Hagerstown 65 3rd day: Hagerstown to Bedford 11.5 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Wagner paper: Figure 1. Stratigraphic cross-section of Upper-Cambrian 4 in central and south-central Pennsylvania Figure 2. Stratigraphic section of St.Paul-Beekmantown 6 rocks in central Pennsylvania and nearby Maryland Nickelsen paper: Figure 1. Geologic map of Pennsylvania 15 Figure 2. Structural lithic units and Size-Orders of folds 18 in central Pennsylvania Figure 3. Camera lucida sketches of cleavage and folds 23 Figure 4. Schematic drawing of rotational movements in 27 flexure folds Road Log: Figure 1. Route of Field Trip 30 Figure 2. Stratigraphic column for route of Field Trip 34 Figure 3. Cross-section of Martin, Miller and Rankey wells- 41 Stops I and II Figure 4. Map and cross-sections in sinking Valley area- 55 Stop III Figure 5. Panorama view of Valley and Ridge structures from ?:r Stop IX Figure 6. Camera lucida sketch of sedimentary features in ?6 contorted shale - Stop X Figure 7- Cleavage and bedding relationship at Stop XI ?9 Figure 8. -
Structural Geology of the Transylvania Fault Zone in Bedford County, Pennsylvania
University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Master's Theses Graduate School 2009 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF THE TRANSYLVANIA FAULT ZONE IN BEDFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA Elizabeth Lauren Dodson University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Dodson, Elizabeth Lauren, "STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF THE TRANSYLVANIA FAULT ZONE IN BEDFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA" (2009). University of Kentucky Master's Theses. 621. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/621 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF THESIS STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF THE TRANSYLVANIA FAULT ZONE IN BEDFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA Transverse zones cross strike of thrust-belt structures as large-scale alignments of cross-strike structures. The Transylvania fault zone is a set of discontinuous right-lateral transverse faults striking at about 270º across Appalachian thrust-belt structures along 40º N latitude in Pennsylvania. Near Everett, Pennsylvania, the Breezewood fault terminates with the Ashcom thrust fault. The Everett Gap fault terminates westward with the Hartley thrust fault. Farther west, the Bedford fault extends westward to terminate against the Wills Mountain thrust fault. The rocks, deformed during the Alleghanian orogeny, are semi-independently deformed on opposite sides of the transverse fault, indicating fault movement during folding and thrusting. Palinspastic restorations of cross sections on either side of the fault zone are used to compare transverse fault displacement. -
A Timeline of Bucks County History 1600S-1900S-Rev2
A TIMELINE OF BUCKS COUNTY HISTORY— 1600s-1900s 1600’s Before c. A.D. 1609 - The native peoples of the Delaware Valley, those who greet the first European explorers, traders and settlers, are the Lenni Lenape Indians. Lenni Lenape is a bit of a redundancy that can be translated as the “original people” or “common people.” Right: A prehistoric pot (reconstructed from fragments), dating 500 B.C.E. to A.D. 1100, found in a rockshelter in northern Bucks County. This clay vessel, likely intended for storage, was made by ancestors of the Lenape in the Delaware Valley. Mercer Museum Collection. 1609 - First Europeans encountered by the Lenape are the Dutch: Henry Hudson, an Englishman sailing under the Dutch flag, sailed up Delaware Bay. 1633 - English Captain Thomas Yong tries to probe the wilderness that will become known as Bucks County but only gets as far as the Falls of the Delaware River at today’s Morrisville. 1640 - Portions of lower Bucks County fall within the bounds of land purchased from the Lenape by the Swedes, and a handful of Swedish settlers begin building log houses and other structures in the region. 1664 - An island in the Delaware River, called Sankhickans, is the first documented grant of land to a European - Samuel Edsall - within the boundaries of Bucks County. 1668 - The first grant of land in Bucks County is made resulting in an actual settlement - to Peter Alrichs for two islands in the Delaware River. 1679 - Crewcorne, the first Bucks County village, is founded on the present day site of Morrisville.