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Well-Known Plants in Each Angiosperm Order
Well-known plants in each angiosperm order This list is generally from least evolved (most ancient) to most evolved (most modern). (I’m not sure if this applies for Eudicots; I’m listing them in the same order as APG II.) The first few plants are mostly primitive pond and aquarium plants. Next is Illicium (anise tree) from Austrobaileyales, then the magnoliids (Canellales thru Piperales), then monocots (Acorales through Zingiberales), and finally eudicots (Buxales through Dipsacales). The plants before the eudicots in this list are considered basal angiosperms. This list focuses only on angiosperms and does not look at earlier plants such as mosses, ferns, and conifers. Basal angiosperms – mostly aquatic plants Unplaced in order, placed in Amborellaceae family • Amborella trichopoda – one of the most ancient flowering plants Unplaced in order, placed in Nymphaeaceae family • Water lily • Cabomba (fanwort) • Brasenia (watershield) Ceratophyllales • Hornwort Austrobaileyales • Illicium (anise tree, star anise) Basal angiosperms - magnoliids Canellales • Drimys (winter's bark) • Tasmanian pepper Laurales • Bay laurel • Cinnamon • Avocado • Sassafras • Camphor tree • Calycanthus (sweetshrub, spicebush) • Lindera (spicebush, Benjamin bush) Magnoliales • Custard-apple • Pawpaw • guanábana (soursop) • Sugar-apple or sweetsop • Cherimoya • Magnolia • Tuliptree • Michelia • Nutmeg • Clove Piperales • Black pepper • Kava • Lizard’s tail • Aristolochia (birthwort, pipevine, Dutchman's pipe) • Asarum (wild ginger) Basal angiosperms - monocots Acorales -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Brunnera Cultivars Offer Phenomenal Foliage and Delightful Flowers
PLANT- TRIAL Results Kick off the season with this shady star The best brunnera cultivars offer phenomenal foliage and delightful flowers BY RICHARD HAWKE ood ol’ brunnera, with its cheery forget-me-not–like flowers, is experiencing a renaissance, of sorts— The expert Gcaptivating gardeners in recent years with a bevy of new varieties that have incredibly colorful foliage. I hon- estly could be happy with the month or two of pretty blue flowers in spring and just let the standard green foliage fade into the background for the rest of summer. As it turns out, though, I can have my cake and eat it, too, due to some var- iegated selections that look fabulous after the flowers pass. At a glance You’ll find brunneras (Brunnera macrophylla and cvs., WHAT: Brunnera is a USDA Hardiness Zones 3–7) at the nursery under a lot of Richard Hawke slowly spreading, rhi- has been the plant- different names, including Siberian bugloss, heartleaf brun- zomatous perennial, evaluation manager native to woodland nera, and false forget-me-not—the latter of which I prefer as at the Chicago areas. It’s prized for it’s a nod to the true forget-me-not (Myosotis spp. and cvs., Botanic Garden (CBG) its sprays of spring Zones 4–9), which brunnera’s flowers resemble. Beginning in in Glencoe, Illinois, for flowers and its heart- early spring, sprays of dainty flowers unfurl above the brun- 16 years. Before that, shaped leaves. Short he spent 13 years as in stature, this plant nera plants for a month or more. -
Pollination of the Red-Hot Poker Kniphofia Laxiflora (Asphodelaceae) by Sunbirds ⁎ M
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 76 (2010) 460–464 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Pollination of the red-hot poker Kniphofia laxiflora (Asphodelaceae) by sunbirds ⁎ M. Brown , C.T. Downs, S.D. Johnson School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa Received 8 September 2009; received in revised form 16 February 2010; accepted 4 March 2010 Abstract Most of the species in the large African genus Kniphofia have floral traits that conform to the bird pollination syndrome, however there has been very little empirical work to confirm that birds are effective pollinators of Kniphofia species. From selective exclusion experiments, behavioural observations and pollen load analyses, we identified Amethyst Sunbirds (Chalcomitra amethystina) and Malachite Sunbirds (Nectarinia famosa) as the primary pollinators in two populations of Kniphofia laxiflora, with bees playing a smaller role. Bird visitors obtain moderate volumes (∼9 µl) of relatively concentrated (∼15%) hexose-rich nectar in the flowers. This species is shown to be genetically self- incompatible, and thus reliant on pollinator visits for seed set. Although mountain pride butterflies (Aeropetes tulbaghia) have been identified as important pollinators of this species at two other populations, they did not occur at the two populations we studied. © 2010 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Amethyst Sunbird; Bird pollination; Kniphofia laxiflora; Malachite Sunbird; Red-hot poker 1. Introduction nation system involving generalist birds has been identified (Johnson et al., 2006; Botes et al., 2008, 2009; Symes et al., 2008, Kniphofia (Asphodelaceae), a large African genus of ∼70 2009). -
Collections Policy
Chicago Botanic Garden COLLECTIONS POLICY 1 Collections Policy July 2018 2 COLLECTIONS POLICY TABLE OF CONTENTS Mission Statement ................................................................................................................... 1 Intent of Collections Policy Document ..................................................................................... 1 Purpose of Collections .............................................................................................................. 1 Scope of Collections ................................................................................................................. 1 1) Display Plant Collections .......................................................................................... 2 Seasonal Display Collections ........................................................................... 2 Permanent Display Gardens ............................................................................ 2 Aquatic Garden ................................................................................... 2 Bonsai Collection ................................................................................. 3 Graham Bulb Garden .......................................................................... 3 Grunsfeld Children’s Growing Garden ................................................. 3 Circle Garden ....................................................................................... 3 Kleinman Family Cove ........................................................................ -
Rock Garden Quarterly
ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 SPRING 1997 COVER: Tulipa vvedevenskyi by Dick Van Reyper All Material Copyright © 1997 North American Rock Garden Society Printed by AgPress, 1531 Yuma Street, Manhattan, Kansas 66502 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ROCK GARDEN SOCIETY VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 SPRING 1997 FEATURES Life with Bulbs in an Oregon Garden, by Molly Grothaus 83 Nuts about Bulbs in a Minor Way, by Andrew Osyany 87 Some Spring Crocuses, by John Grimshaw 93 Arisaema bockii: An Attenuata Mystery, by Guy Gusman 101 Arisaemas in the 1990s: An Update on a Modern Fashion, by Jim McClements 105 Spider Lilies, Hardy Native Amaryllids, by Don Hackenberry 109 Specialty Bulbs in the Holland Industry, by Brent and Becky Heath 117 From California to a Holland Bulb Grower, by W.H. de Goede 120 Kniphofia Notes, by Panayoti Kelaidis 123 The Useful Bulb Frame, by Jane McGary 131 Trillium Tricks: How to Germinate a Recalcitrant Seed, by John F. Gyer 137 DEPARTMENTS Seed Exchange 146 Book Reviews 148 82 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOL. 55(2) LIFE WITH BULBS IN AN OREGON GARDEN by Molly Grothaus Our garden is on the slope of an and a recording thermometer, I began extinct volcano, with an unobstructed, to discover how large the variation in full frontal view of Mt. Hood. We see warmth and light can be in an acre the side of Mt. Hood facing Portland, and a half of garden. with its top-to-bottom 'H' of south tilt• These investigations led to an inter• ed ridges. -
Kniphofia Crassifolia Baker: a Critically Endangered Medicinal Plant Used in the Soutpansberg, Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa
L. J. Ramarumo et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol. 11(11), 2019, 3552-3558 Kniphofia crassifolia Baker: A Critically Endangered medicinal plant used in the Soutpansberg, Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa 1* 1 2 L. J. Ramarumo , A. Maroyi and M. P. Tshisikhawe *1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa. 2 Department of Botany, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa. Abstract Literature studies suggest the possibilities that Kniphofia crassifolia might have gone extinct in some areas across the Limpopo Province, South Africa. However, the species is still extant in the Soutpansburg area of the Limpopo Province. Traditional healers within the region have been using K. crassifolia as phytomedicine for various male reproductive related ailments for ages. The present study was, therefore, aimed at documenting phytomedicinal uses of K. crassifolia by the traditional healers for treating male reproductive related ailments across the Soutpansberg area of the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Data about phytomedicinal uses of the target plant species were collected using triangulation research methods, including interviewing 123 traditional healers using semi-structured questionnaires. The total of four phytomedicinal uses associated with K. crassifolia were recorded, including being utilized as a cure for orchitis (34.1%), hydrocele (infants and adult) (24.4%), varicocele (24.4%) and erectile dysfunctionality (17.1%). Three of the four recorded ailments were firstly recorded in the present study and they have never been reported elsewhere. To the best of our knowledge, no study has articulated the phytomedicinal uses of K. -
Vascular Plant Species of the Cayuga Region of New York State F
Vascular Plant Species of the Cayuga Region of New York State F. Robert Wesley, Sana Gardescu, and P. L. Marks © 2008 Cornell Plantations (first author); Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology (other authors), Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853. This species list is available online. Search for "Wesley" at: <http://ecommons.library.cornell.edu/browse-author> For more details and a summary of the patterns found in the data, see the Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society for an article based on this species list, published in 2008, entitled "The vascular plant diversity of the Finger Lakes region of central New York State: changes in the 1800s and 1900s," by P.L. Marks, F.R. Wesley, & S. Gardescu. For a link to the Journal's 2008 issues and abstracts, go to: <http://www.torreybotanical.org/journal.html> The following list of vascular plants includes native and non-native species that occur in a multi-county area in central New York State (see map below). We have called this the "Cayuga Region," as it includes the "Cayuga Quadrangle" of the flora of Clausen (1949) and the "Cayuga Lake Basin" of earlier floras (Dudley 1886, Wiegand & Eames 1926). A single set of modern species concepts was used, to correct for variations in nomenclature among the floras. Species found only under cultivation are not included. SPECIES NAMES are in alphabetical order, within major group. NATIVE/NOT is with respect to the Cayuga Region. For non-natives, WHEN HERE is the year by which the species had first established i the region, based on the floras of Dudley (1886), Wiegand & Eames (1926), Clausen (1949), and Wesley (2005; unpublished). -
A Comparative Study of Lady Ferns and Japanese Painted Ferns (Athyrium Spp.)
Plant Evaluation Notes Issue 39, 2015 A Comparative Study of Lady Ferns and Japanese Painted Ferns (Athyrium spp.) Richard G. Hawke, Plant Evaluation Manager and Associate Scientist Photo by Richard Hawke Athyrium filix-femina Lady ferns and Japanese painted ferns of the wood fern family (Dryopteridaceae) Japanese painted ferns has spawned an (Athyrium spp.) are among the most elegant and just a few of the nearly 200 species array of new colorful cultivars as well as a yet utilitarian plants for the shade garden. native to temperate and tropical regions few exceptional hybrids with the common Their lacy fronds arch and twist in a graceful worldwide. The common lady fern lady fern. manner, being both structural and ethereal (A. filix-femina) is a circumglobal species at the same time. Ferns stand on their found in moist woodlands, meadows, While common botanical terms such as foliar merits alone, having no flowers to and ravines throughout North America, leaf, stem, and midrib can be used to overshadow their feathery foliage. The lush Europe, and Asia, and is represented in describe fern foliage, specialized terminology green fronds of lady ferns are in marked gardens by a plethora of cultivars—many of further defines fern morphology. The fern contrast to the sage green, silver, and the oldest forms originated in England leaf or frond is composed of the stipe burgundy tones of the colorful Japanese during the Victorian era. Eared lady fern (stem), blade (leaf), rachis (midrib), and painted ferns. The delicate quality of their (A. otophorum) and Japanese lady fern pinna (leaflet). Crosier or fiddlehead fronds belies their stoutness—they are (A. -
Networks in a Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis: Reconstructing Evolutionary History of Asparagales (Lilianae) Based on Four Plastid Genes
Networks in a Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis: Reconstructing Evolutionary History of Asparagales (Lilianae) Based on Four Plastid Genes Shichao Chen1., Dong-Kap Kim2., Mark W. Chase3, Joo-Hwan Kim4* 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 2 Division of Forest Resource Conservation, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Gyeonggi- do, Korea, 3 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Abstract Phylogenetic analysis aims to produce a bifurcating tree, which disregards conflicting signals and displays only those that are present in a large proportion of the data. However, any character (or tree) conflict in a dataset allows the exploration of support for various evolutionary hypotheses. Although data-display network approaches exist, biologists cannot easily and routinely use them to compute rooted phylogenetic networks on real datasets containing hundreds of taxa. Here, we constructed an original neighbour-net for a large dataset of Asparagales to highlight the aspects of the resulting network that will be important for interpreting phylogeny. The analyses were largely conducted with new data collected for the same loci as in previous studies, but from different species accessions and greater sampling in many cases than in published analyses. The network tree summarised the majority data pattern in the characters of plastid sequences before tree building, which largely confirmed the currently recognised phylogenetic relationships. Most conflicting signals are at the base of each group along the Asparagales backbone, which helps us to establish the expectancy and advance our understanding of some difficult taxa relationships and their phylogeny. -
Field Identification of the 50 Most Common Plant Families in Temperate Regions
Field identification of the 50 most common plant families in temperate regions (including agricultural, horticultural, and wild species) by Lena Struwe [email protected] © 2016, All rights reserved. Note: Listed characteristics are the most common characteristics; there might be exceptions in rare or tropical species. This compendium is available for free download without cost for non- commercial uses at http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~struwe/. The author welcomes updates and corrections. 1 Overall phylogeny – living land plants Bryophytes Mosses, liverworts, hornworts Lycophytes Clubmosses, etc. Ferns and Fern Allies Ferns, horsetails, moonworts, etc. Gymnosperms Conifers, pines, cycads and cedars, etc. Magnoliids Monocots Fabids Ranunculales Rosids Malvids Caryophyllales Ericales Lamiids The treatment for flowering plants follows the APG IV (2016) Campanulids classification. Not all branches are shown. © Lena Struwe 2016, All rights reserved. 2 Included families (alphabetical list): Amaranthaceae Geraniaceae Amaryllidaceae Iridaceae Anacardiaceae Juglandaceae Apiaceae Juncaceae Apocynaceae Lamiaceae Araceae Lauraceae Araliaceae Liliaceae Asphodelaceae Magnoliaceae Asteraceae Malvaceae Betulaceae Moraceae Boraginaceae Myrtaceae Brassicaceae Oleaceae Bromeliaceae Orchidaceae Cactaceae Orobanchaceae Campanulaceae Pinaceae Caprifoliaceae Plantaginaceae Caryophyllaceae Poaceae Convolvulaceae Polygonaceae Cucurbitaceae Ranunculaceae Cupressaceae Rosaceae Cyperaceae Rubiaceae Equisetaceae Rutaceae Ericaceae Salicaceae Euphorbiaceae Scrophulariaceae -
An Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials This Page Intentionally Left Blank an Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials
An Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials This page intentionally left blank An Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials W. George Schmid Timber Press Portland • Cambridge All photographs are by the author unless otherwise noted. Copyright © 2002 by W. George Schmid. All rights reserved. Published in 2002 by Timber Press, Inc. Timber Press The Haseltine Building 2 Station Road 133 S.W. Second Avenue, Suite 450 Swavesey Portland, Oregon 97204, U.S.A. Cambridge CB4 5QJ, U.K. ISBN 0-88192-549-7 Printed in Hong Kong Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schmid, Wolfram George. An encyclopedia of shade perennials / W. George Schmid. p. cm. ISBN 0-88192-549-7 1. Perennials—Encyclopedias. 2. Shade-tolerant plants—Encyclopedias. I. Title. SB434 .S297 2002 635.9′32′03—dc21 2002020456 I dedicate this book to the greatest treasure in my life, my family: Hildegarde, my wife, friend, and supporter for over half a century, and my children, Michael, Henry, Hildegarde, Wilhelmina, and Siegfried, who with their mates have given us ten grandchildren whose eyes not only see but also appreciate nature’s riches. Their combined love and encouragement made this book possible. This page intentionally left blank Contents Foreword by Allan M. Armitage 9 Acknowledgments 10 Part 1. The Shady Garden 11 1. A Personal Outlook 13 2. Fated Shade 17 3. Practical Thoughts 27 4. Plants Assigned 45 Part 2. Perennials for the Shady Garden A–Z 55 Plant Sources 339 U.S. Department of Agriculture Hardiness Zone Map 342 Index of Plant Names 343 Color photographs follow page 176 7 This page intentionally left blank Foreword As I read George Schmid’s book, I am reminded that all gardeners are kindred in spirit and that— regardless of their roots or knowledge—the gardening they do and the gardens they create are always personal.