DOCSLIB.ORG

( 12 ) United States Patent

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
( 12 ) United States Patent US009988412B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No .: U 8 , 412 B2 Jansen et al. ( 45 ) Date of Patent : Jun . 5 , 2018 (54 ) METHODS FOR PREPARING THERMALLY 58 ) Field of Classification Search STABLE LIGNIN FRACTIONS CPC combination set ( s ) only. See application file for complete search history . Applicant : Virdia , Inc ., Raceland , LA (US ) ( 71) ( 56 ) References Cited ( 72 ) Inventors : Robert Jansen , Collinsville , IL (US ) ; James Alan Lawson , Ellsworth , ME U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS (US ) ; Noa Lapidot , Mevaseret Zion 2 , 380 , 448 A 7 / 1945 Katzen ( IL ) ; Bassem Hallac, Jerusalem ( IL ) ; 2 , 772 , 965 A 12 / 1956 Gray et al. Perry Rotem , Bazra ( IL ) 3 , 808 , 192 A 4 / 1974 Dimitri M 4 , 111 , 928 A 9 / 1978 Holsopple et al. 4 ,237 , 110 A 12 / 1980 Forster et al. ( 73 ) Assignee : VIRDIA , INC ., Raceland, LA (US ) 4 ,277 ,626 A 7 / 1981 Forss et al . 4 ,470 ,851 A 9 / 1984 Paszner et al. ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this 4 ,520 , 105 A 5 / 1985 Sinner et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 4 ,740 , 591 A 4 / 1988 Dilling et al . U . S . C . 154 ( b ) by 0 days. days . 4 ,797 ,457 A 1 / 1989 Guiver et al . 4 , 946 , 946 A 8 / 1990 Fields et al . (21 ) Appl. No. : 15 /593 , 752 ( Continued ) ( 22 ) Filed : May 12 , 2017 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 2812685 A1 3 /2012 (65 ) Prior Publication Data 101143881 A 3 / 2008 US 2018 /0079766 A1 Mar . 22 , 2018 ( Continued ) Related U . S . Application Data OTHER PUBLICATIONS (63 ) Continuation of application No . 14 /787 ,756 , filed as Abacherli, et al. Lignin Analytical Cluster , “ Towards Standardisa application No . PCT /US2014 / 036704 on May 2 , tion of Methods ” . Rome, Forum 8 , May 10 - 12 , 2007 . 2014 , now Pat . No . 9 ,683 , 005 . (Continued ) ( 60 ) Provisional application No . 61/ 819 , 485 , filed on May Primary Examiner — Ellen McAvoy 3 , 2013 , provisional application No . 61/ 953 , 572 , filed Assistant Examiner — Chantel Graham on Mar. 14 , 2014 . ( 74 ) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Wilson Sonsini Goodrich ( 51 ) Int . Ci. & Rosati C07G 1 /00 ( 2011. 01 ) D21C 11 / 00 ( 2006 .01 ) ( 57 ) ABSTRACT D21C 3 / 20 ( 2006 .01 ) The present invention relates to fractions of high purity (52 ) U . S . CI. lignin which are thermally stable , and to methods of pro ??? . .. .. .. C07G 1 / 00 ( 2013 .01 ) ; D21C 3 /20 ducing said fractions from lignocellulosic material. (2013 . 01 ) ; D21C 11 /0007 ( 2013 .01 ) 20 Claims, 12 Drawing Sheets Hemicelulose sugar extraction Acidic hemicellulose sugar stream 1700 - A Lignocellulosic Bioenergy pellets Hemicellulose sugar 1700 -P2 purifications remainder -. - » Bioenero -Pellets 1740 1700 - P1 Acid Solvent lignin Hemicellulose extraction from Sugar mixture lignocellulosic 1710- P1 remainder 1760 -- Xylose removed Xylose Hemicellulose High purity Cellulose - 1710 - P2 sugar mixture Lignin 1760 -P2 1710 -P3 Bio - oil 1760 - P1 1780 -P1 US 9 ,988 ,412 B2 Page 2 (56 ) References Cited WO WO - 2009104995 A1 8 / 2009 WO WO - 2010043424 A1 4 / 2010 U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS WO WO - 2010045576 A2 4 / 2010 wo WO - 2010060183 A1 6 / 2010 4 , 966 ,650 A 10 / 1990 Delong et al. WO WO - 2010045576 A3 7 / 2010 5 , 730 , 837 A 3 / 1998 Black et al . WO WO - 2010081231 A1 7 / 2010 5 , 865 , 948 A 2 / 1999 Lora et al. Wo WO - 2010146331 A2 12 /2010 5 , 968 ,417 A 10 / 1999 Viswanathan wo WO - 2011007369 Al 1 / 2011 6 ,022 ,419 A 2 / 2000 Torget et al. wo WO - 2011037967 A2 3 / 2011 6 ,620 , 292 B2 9 / 2003 Wingerson WO WO - 2011097721 A1 8 / 2011 7 ,465 , 791 B1 12 / 2008 Hallberg et al . WO WO - 2011151823 Al 12 / 2011 7 , 649 , 086 B2 1 /2010 Belanger et al . WO WO - 2012120184 A2 9 / 2012 7 ,678 , 358 B2 3 / 2010 Eckert et al. WO WO - 2012138801 A2 10 /2012 7 , 699 , 958 B2 4 / 2010 Griffith et al . WO WO2012138802 * 10 / 2012 7 , 794 , 824 B2 9 / 2010 Eckert et al . WO WO - 2012138802 Al 10 / 2012 9 , 139, 681 B2 9 / 2015 Fitchett et al . WO WO - 2012151524 A2 11 / 2012 9 , 657 , 146 B2 5 / 2017 Jansen et al. WO WO - 2013083876 A2 6 / 2013 9 , 683 , 005 B2 6 / 2017 Jansen et al. WO WO - 2013166469 A2 11 / 2013 2003 /0156970 Al 8 / 2003 Oberkofler et al. WO WO - 2014046826 Al 3 / 2014 2003 / 0221804 Al 12 / 2003 Lightner WO WO -2014076612 Al 5 / 2014 2004 /0060673 AL 4 / 2004 Phillips et al . WO WO - 2014078120 AL 5 / 2014 2004 / 0101459 Al 5 / 2004 Schur wo WO - 2014116173 A1 7 /2014 2004 / 0108085 A1 6 / 2004 Kettenbach et al . wo WO - 2014178911 A111/ 2014 2004 /0244925 Al 12 / 2004 Tarasenko WO WO - 2014179777 AL 11 / 2014 2007 /0160926 A1 7 / 2007 Ayaki et al. WO WO - 2016007550 AL 1 / 2016 2008 /0032344 Al 2 / 2008 Fallavollita 2008 / 0057555 A1 3 /2008 Nguyen 2008 /0202504 Al 8 / 2008 Hilst OTHER PUBLICATIONS 2008 / 0317661 Al 12 / 2008 Eckert et al. 2008/ 0318043 Al 12 / 2008 Eckert et al. Acevedo, et al. Surface Activity of Lignin Fractions isolated by 2009 /0062516 A1 3 / 2009 Belanger et al. Organic Solvents . Powerpoint. 2005 . 2009/ 0069550 A1 3 / 2009 Belanger et al . Asikkala , et . al . Accurate and reproducible determination of lignin 2009 /0176286 AL 7 / 2009 O ' Connor et al. molar mass by acetobromination . Journal of agricultural and food 2009 / 0229599 Al 9 / 2009 Zhang et al. 2010 /0159519 A1 6 / 2010 Diner et al. chemistry . 2012 ; 60 :3968 -3973 . 2010 / 0269990 Al 10 / 2010 Dottori et al . Baker. Utilization of Sustainable Resources for Materials for Pro 2010 / 0279361 AL 11/ 2010 South et al. duction of Carbon Fiber Structural and Energy Efficiency Applica 2010 / 0279372 AL 11 /2010 Cho et al . tions . Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Tennessee , USA . Nordic 2010 /0305241 Al 12 / 2010 Balakshin et al. Wood Biorefinery Conference , Stockholm , Sweden , Mar. 22 - 24 , 2011/ 0073805 Al 3 / 2011 Dibble et al . 2011 . 2011/ 0274612 A1 * 11 /2011 Wohlmann .. .. .. COSG 18 /6492 Brauns et al . Studies on Lignin and Related Compounds: XII . 423 447 . 2 Methanol Lignin . Canadian Journal of Research 136 ( 1 ) : 28 - 34 2011/ 0294991 Al 12 / 2011 Lake et al. ( 1935 ) . 2011/ 0297340 Al 12 / 2011 Kouisni et al. 2012 /0116063 A1 5 / 2012 Jansen et al. Brauns, Friedrich Emil. The Chemistry of Lignin . Academic Press . 2012 /0167874 A1 7 / 2012 Jansen et al . 1952 . pp . 66 , 67 , and 127 . 2012 /0226029 A1 9 / 2012 Dodd Bridgwater. Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product 2012 /0289692 Al 11 / 2012 Gray et al . upgrading . Biomass and Bioenergy . 2012 ; 38: 68 - 94 . 2013 / 0183227 Al 7 / 2013 Wohlmann et al. Bulushev , et al. Catalysis for conversion of biomass to fuels via 2014 /0171379 A1 6 / 2014 Jansen et al . pyrolysis and gasification : A review . Catalysts Today. 2001 ; 171: 2014 /0227161 A1 8 / 2014 Manesh et al. 1 - 13 . 2014 /0242867 AL 8 / 2014 Jansen et al. Chaow - U - Thai et al. Removal of ash from sugarcane leaves and 2015 /0141628 A1 5 / 2015 Jansen et al . tops. International Journal of Biosciences. 2012 ; 2 ( 5 ) : 12 - 17 . 2017 /0130398 Al 5 / 2017 Jansen et al. Chatterjee, et al . Lignin - Derived Advanced Carbon Materials . 2017/ 0313826 AL 11/ 2017 Jansen et al . ChemSusChem . Dec . 2015 ; 8 ( 23 ) :3941 - 58 . doi : 10 . 1002 / cssc . 201500692 . Epub Nov. 16 , 2015 . FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Compere , et al. Evaluation of Lignin from Alkaline -Pulped Hard wood Black Liquor. Oak Ridge National Laboratory , US Depart CN 102027021 A 4 / 2011 CN 102361914 A 2 / 2012 ment of Energy, under contract DE - AC05 - 000822725, ORNLITM EP | 0224721 B1 6 / 1991 2005 /88 . May 2005 . EP 04465560 B1 8 / 1995 Compere , et al. Improving the fundamental properties of lignin EP 1272433 B1 1 / 2004 based carbon fiber for transportation application . Oak Ridge GB 1525508 A 9 / 1978 National Lab . 2009 . JP 2011256380 A 12 / 2011 Compere , et al . Low cost carbon fiber from renewable resources. WO WO - 9641052 A1 12 / 1996 Carbon . 1998 ; 36 ( 7 - 8 ): 1119 - 1124 . WO WO -0132715 A1 5 / 2001 Constantinescu , et al . Lignin hydrophobization by different WO WO -0202826 A1 1 / 2002 esterification reactions . ILI— Forum 8 , May 10 - 12 , 2007 . WO WO - 2006086861 A2 8 / 2006 Cui, et al. Toward thermoplastic lignin polymers ; part II : thermal & WO WO - 2006086861 A3 10 / 2006 WO WO - 2007019505 A2 2 / 2007 polymer characteristics of kraft lignin & derivatives. BioResources WO WO - 2007019505 A3 6 / 2007 8 . 1 ( 2013 ) : 864 - 886 . WO WO - 2008144903 Al 12 / 2008 Economy, et al. Activated carbon fibers — past , present, and future . WO WO - 2009002785 Al 12 / 2008 1996 ; 321 - 358 . WO WO - 2009021733 A2 2 / 2009 European search report and opinion dated Feb . 4 , 2016 for EP WO WO - 2009028969 Al 3 / 2009 Application No . 14791180 . 4 . WO WO - 2009021733 A3 6 / 2009 European search report and opinion dated Mar. 24 , 2016 for EP WO WO - 2009068711 Al 6 / 2009 Application No . 13883539 . US 9 ,988 ,412 B2 Page 3 ( 56 ) References Cited International search report and written opinion dated Jul. 17 , 2014 for PCT/ US2013 / 068824 . OTHER PUBLICATIONS International search report and written opinion dated Sep . 5 , 2014 for PCT/ US2014 /036704 . Finney, et al. Fuel Pelletization with a Binder : Part I — Identification Kadla , et al. Lignin - based carbon fibers for composite fiber appli of a Suitable Binder for Spent Mushroom Compost - Coal Tailing cations . Carbon . 2002 ; 40 :2913 - 2920 . Pellets . Energy & Fuels , 2009 , 23 ( 6 ) , pp . 3195 - 3202 . Khunsupat , et al . Molecular Weight Distribution of Lignin . Presen Gabilondo , et al. Lignin low molar mass fractions involvement in tation ; Georgia Institute of Technology .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diapositiva 1
    ISSN-2007-8080 REVISTA MEXICANA DE FITOPATOLOGÍA MEXICAN JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY VOLÚMEN 34, NÚMERO 1, 2016 Órgano Internacional de Difusión de la Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología, A.C. Revista Mexicana de FITOPATOLOGÍA Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología, A. C. Editor en Jefe * Editor in Chief Dr. Gustavo Mora Aguilera Colegio de Postgraduados Editor Técnico * Technical Editor Lic. Ma. Yunuén López Muratalla Composición Web * Web Composition Ing. Eduardo Guzmán Hernández Editoras(es) Adjuntos * Senior Editors Dra. Sylvia Patricia Fernández Pavía UMSNH Dra. Emma Zavaleta Mejía Colegio de Postgraduados Dra. Irasema del Carmen Vargas Arispuro CIAD Dra. Graciela Dolores Ávila Quezada CIAD Dr. Guillermo Fuentes Dávila INIFAP Dr. Ángel Rebollar Alviter Universidad Autonoma Chapingo Comité Editorial Internacional * International Editorial Advisory Board Dra. Lilian Amorim, Universidad de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Dr. Rodrigo Valverde Louisiana State University, USA Dr. Sami Jorge Michereff Universidad Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brasil Dr. Pedro W. Crous, Pretoia & Free State (SA) Universities, Holland. Editoras(es) Asociados * Associate Editors Dra. Evangelina E. Quiñones Aguilar, CIATEJ A.C. Dra. Emma Zavaleta Mejía, Colegio de Postgraduados Dr. Jairo Cristóbal Alejo, Instituto Tecnologico Agropecuario Conkal Dr. Jesús Ricardo Sánchez Pale, UAEM Dr. Alejandro Tovar Soto, IPN Dr. Ángel Rebollar Alviter, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo Dr. J. Joel E. Corrales García, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo Revista Mexicana de FITOPATOLOGÍA Volumen 34, Número 1, 2016 Artículos Científicos * Scientific Articles Caracterización Fenotípica de Mycosphaerella fijiensis y su Relación con la Sensibilidad a Fungicidas 1 en Colombia * Phenotypic Characterization of Mycosphaerella fijiensis and its Relation with Sensitivity to Fungicides in Colombia. Leonardo Sepúlveda. Identificación y alternativas de manejo de la cenicilla del rosal * Identification and management alter- 22 natives of powdery mildew in rosebush.
    [Show full text]
  • Lignin Utilization Technology Session Review Area: Biochemical Conversion & Lignin Utilization PI: Gregg T
    Lignin Utilization Technology Session Review Area: Biochemical Conversion & Lignin Utilization PI: Gregg T. Beckham, National Renewable Energy Laboratory From Davis et al. NREL Design Report 2013; Project overview Corona et al. Green Chem. 2018 Goal: Develop industrially-relevant processes and tools for Heilmeier Catechism: viable lignin valorization – contribute $2-3/gge to MFSP • Aim: develop lignin depolymerization catalysts and • Develop deconstruction catalysts for C–C bonds in lignin analytics for accurate process metrics • Provide deconstructed lignin to bioconversion efforts • Today: lignin combusted for heat, C–C bonds are • Develop lignin analytics and model compound syntheses major hurdle, analytics mostly monomers only • Support lignin projects in the BETO/DOE portfolio • Important: lignin key for biorefinery TEA and LCA (Biological Lignin Valorization (BLV), LigFirst, ORNL • Risks: C–C cleavage and quantitative lignin project, SepCon, Bioenergy Research Centers, etc.) analytics are both challenging NREL | 2 Management Task 1: Analytics and Synthesis • Experts in synthesis (R. Katahira) and analytics (B. Black) • Milestones: lignin characterization tool development, model compound synthesis • Collaborate with multiple projects – support BETO lignin portfolio for analytics and models Task 2: Depolymerization • Experts in oxidation catalysis (X. Du, C. Palumbo, K. Sullivan) and chemical engineering (J. Kruger) • Milestones: usable monomer yield from oxidative catalytic deconstruction processes • Milestones: reaction/process engineering,
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Characterization of Lignin and Lignin-Carbohydrate Complex (LCC) from Ginkgo Shells (Ginkgo Biloba L.) by Comprehensive NMR Spectroscopy
    polymers Article Structural Characterization of Lignin and Lignin-Carbohydrate Complex (LCC) from Ginkgo Shells (Ginkgo biloba L.) by Comprehensive NMR Spectroscopy Bo Jiang 1, Yu Zhang 1, Tianyu Guo 1, Huifang Zhao 1,2 and Yongcan Jin 1,* 1 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; [email protected] (B.J.); [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (T.G.); [email protected] (H.Z.) 2 Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-025-8542-8163 Received: 13 June 2018; Accepted: 2 July 2018; Published: 4 July 2018 Abstract: Lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes are important polymers for lignocellulosic biorefinery and functional materials, but those in ginkgo shells are not effectively analyzed and exploited. Based on this background, milled wood lignins (MWLML and MWLFZ) and lignin- carbohydrate complexes (LCCML and LCCFZ) were isolated from the shells of Ginkgo biloba L. cv. Damaling (ML) and Ginkgo biloba L. cv. Dafozhi (FZ) correspondingly, and were structurally characterized by comprehensive NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that ginkgo shells exhibited higher lignin (42%) and xylan (20%) content than general softwood species. Isolated MWLs were rich in guaiacyl units with the presence of ferulates and p-coumarates, and the molecular formula was C9H7.93O2.73(OCH3)0.81 and C9H7.87O2.76(OCH3)0.88 for MWLML and MWLFZ, respectively. Phenolic hydroxyl of MWLML (1.38 mmol/g) and MWLFZ (1.23 mmol/g) in ginkgo shells was much less than that in general softwoods, suggesting a higher etherification and condensation degree of ginkgo shells lignin, and b-50, a-O-40, and 4-O-50 bonds were the main condensed structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Lignin Transformation and Characterization of Pyrolytic Products Eric Amo Boakye South Dakota State University
    South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Theses and Dissertations 2017 Lignin Transformation and Characterization of Pyrolytic Products Eric Amo Boakye South Dakota State University Follow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Boakye, Eric Amo, "Lignin Transformation and Characterization of Pyrolytic Products" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 1185. http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1185 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i LIGNIN TRANSFORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PYROLYTIC PRODUCTS BY ERIC AMO BOAKYE A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Doctor of Philosophy Major in Chemistry South Dakota State University 2017 iii AKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Douglas Raynie for his continuous encouragement, support, and selfless and faithful guidance offered to me throughout my entire time in graduate school. Many thanks also go to my committee members for their uncommon guidance and directions. To my green chemistry lab members, my friends, and all the people at SDSU who made my stay here a very memorable one. Thank you to all of you for your constant support. Thank you to Doctors Wei, Zhang, Gu and all your students for opening your labs to me all the time.
    [Show full text]
  • Lignin–Carbohydrate Complexes: Properties, Applications, Analyses, and Methods of Extraction: a Review Dmitry Tarasov1,2, Mathew Leitch2 and Pedram Fatehi1*
    Tarasov et al. Biotechnol Biofuels (2018) 11:269 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1262-1 Biotechnology for Biofuels REVIEW Open Access Lignin–carbohydrate complexes: properties, applications, analyses, and methods of extraction: a review Dmitry Tarasov1,2, Mathew Leitch2 and Pedram Fatehi1* Abstract The complexity of lignin and hemicellulose segmentation has been known since the middle of the ninetieth century. Studies confrmed that all lignin units in coniferous species and 47–66% of lignin moieties in deciduous species are bound to hemicelluloses or cellulose molecules in lignin–carbohydrate complexes (LCC). Diferent types and propor- tions of lignin and polysaccharides present in biomass lead to the formation of LCC with a great variety of composi- tions and structures. The nature and amount of LCC linkages and lignin substructures afect the efciency of pulping, hydrolysis, and digestibility of biomass. This review paper discusses the structures, compositions, and properties of LCC present in biomass and in the products obtained via pretreating biomass. Methods for extracting, fractionating, and analyzing LCC of biomass, pulp, and spent pulping liquors are critically reviewed. The main perspectives and chal- lenges associated with these technologies are extensively discussed. LCC could be extracted from biomass follow- ing varied methods, among which dimethyl sulfoxide or dioxane (Björkman’s) and acetic acid (LCC-AcOH) processes are the most widely applied. The oxidation and methylation treatments of LCC materials elucidate the locations and frequency of binding sites of hemicelluloses to lignin. The two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis allows the identifcation of the structure and the quantity of lignin–carbohydrate bonds involved in LCC.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critical Review on the Analysis of Lignin Carbohydrate Bonds in Plants
    Green Chemistry A Critical Review on the Analysis of Lignin Carbohydrate Bonds in Plants Journal: Green Chemistry Manuscript ID GC-CRV-11-2018-003606.R2 Article Type: Critical Review Date Submitted by the 14-Feb-2019 Author: Complete List of Authors: Giummarella, Nicola; Wallenberg Wood Science Center Pu, Yunqiao; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division Ragauskas, Arthur; University of Tennessee, Lawoko, Martin; Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), Fiber and Polymer Technology Page 1 of 26 Please Greendo not Chemistry adjust margins Green Chemistry Critical Review A Critical Review on the Analysis of Lignin Carbohydrate Bonds Nicola Giummarella,a Yunqiao Pu,b,c Arthur J. Ragauskas*b,c,d,e and Martin Lawoko*a Received 00th January 20xx, Accepted 00th January 20xx Replacing fossil-based resources with renewable alternatives is generally acknowledged as a critical component to address several of today's environmental concerns. In this context, lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive, sustainable resource. DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x However, the constitutional biopolymers of interest are locked in the structural complexity of the plant cell walls, which www.rsc.org/ defines their properties and contributes to fractionation recalcitrance. One of the key suspects restricting fractionation of the biopolymers in high yield is the presence of lignin-carbohydrate bonds forming a matrix referred to as Lignin- Carbohydrate Complexes (LCC). Nevertheless, covalent bonds between lignin and carbohydrates, remain one of the most controversial topics in lignocellulose chemistry. This challenge can be attributed to the slow progress made in their research, which also forms the basis for this review. Herein, we will critically discuss the literature with a particular focus on the latest characterization and analytical techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • Instituto De Investigaciones Químico Biológicas
    UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLÁS DE HIDALGO INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS "SÍNTESIS DE PRECURSORES DE MONOLIGNOLES A PARTIR DE COMPUESTOS ,-INSATURADOS. ESTUDIO DE LA SELECTIVIDAD Y REACTIVIDAD MEDIANTE DFT." TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE: MAESTRA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS PRESENTA: Q.F.B ANGELICA ESCAMILLA RAMÍREZ ASESORES D.C. RAFAEL HERRERA BUCIO D.C. PABLO LOPÉZ ALBARRÁN Morelia, Michoacán; Julio de 2015 INDICE RESUMEN ............................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ iii SÍMBOLOS, ABREVIATURAS Y FORMULAS ........................................................ v 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................... 1 1.1 Olefinas ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Olefinas Captodativas (cd) ....................................................................... 3 1.2 Lignina y Monolignoles .................................................................................. 5 1.3 Reacciones de sustitución electrofílica aromática (SEAr) .............................. 7 1.3.1 Bencenos polisustituidos ........................................................................ 8 1.3.2 Efectos inductivos y de resonancia en anillos aromáticos .................... 10 1.4 Ácidos
    [Show full text]
  • Diseño Y Síntesis De Líquidos Iónicos Para Aplicaciones Específicas
    Facultade de Química Departamento de Química Orgánica Diseño y síntesis de Líquidos Iónicos para aplicaciones específicas Se opta al título de DOCTOR INTERNACIONAL Memoria presentada por Pedro Verdía Barbará por la que se opta al Grado de Doctor por la Universidade de Vigo Agradecimientos: A mi directora, la profesora Emilia Tojo Suárez, por haberme dado la oportunidad de trabajar en su grupo de investigación y por todo el apoyo que me ha dado durante estos años. Al resto de profesores del grupo de investigación QO-2, Yag, Gelu, Men, Marta, Pedro, a todos los compañeros que han pasado por el laboratorio, especialmente a Miguel Vilas, compañero de fatigas, a Manolo, Zoila, Andrea, Tamara, Massene, etc… y a Candi, técnica de laboratorio del departamento de Química Orgánica. A las personas del grupo PROSEPAV del departamento de ingeniería química de la Universidad de Vigo, sobre todo a Emilio y Ana Belen, por su colaboración en la realización de este trabajo. Al centro tecnológico Tekniker por su colaboración en la realización de este trabajo. A la vicerrectoría de investigación de la Universidade de Vigo por la concesión de una beca pre-doctoral. Al ministerio de educación, cultura y deporte del gobierno de España por la concesión de una beca de movilidad. Al profesor Tom Welton del Imperial College London, por haberme dado la oportunidad de realizar una estancia en su grupo de investigación, y a toda la gente de su grupo, especialmente a Agnieszka Brandt y Trang Quynh To, que me guiaron y dieron toda su ayuda. A mi familia y amigos. Y para acabar por el principio, a Hilda y Borja, quienes me empujaron a empezar esto.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparation and Characterization of Lignin
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Agricultural Sciences PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIGNIN- PROTEIN COVALENT LINKAGES A Dissertation in Biorenewable Systems by Brett Galen Diehl ©2014 Brett Galen Diehl Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2014 The dissertation of Brett Galen Diehl was reviewed and approved* by the following: Nicole R. Brown Associate Professor of Wood Chemistry Dissertation Adviser Chair of Committee John E. Carlson Professor of Molecular Genetics Jeffrey M. Catchmark Associate Professor of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Emmanuel Hatzakis Director of NMR facility John Ralph Special Member Professor of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin at Madison Paul Smith Head of Biorenewable Systems department *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School. ii Abstract Lignin is a natural aromatic polymer that is bio-synthesized in the cell walls of almost all land plants. Great strides have been made in understanding lignin’s biological origins and chemical and physical properties. However, many unanswered questions remain. For example, the extent to which lignin interacts with other cell wall components, such as proteins, is largely unknown. In order to help address this question, the preparation and characterization of lignin- protein covalent linkages is reported here for the first time. Chapter 1 provides a more detailed introduction, justification, and literature review. Chapter 2 focuses on the preparation of low molecular weight lignin-protein model compounds. The compounds were not prepared under biomimetic conditions. Instead, the primary focus of this study was on the characterization of the model compounds, leading to the identification of diagnostic lignin-protein NMR chemical shifts.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of New Chemical Derivatization Techniques for Lignin Analysis by Size Exclusion Chromatography Esakkiammal Sudha Esakkimuthu
    Study of new chemical derivatization techniques for lignin analysis by size exclusion chromatography Esakkiammal Sudha Esakkimuthu To cite this version: Esakkiammal Sudha Esakkimuthu. Study of new chemical derivatization techniques for lignin analysis by size exclusion chromatography. Material chemistry. Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-..], 2020. English. NNT : 2020GRALI004. tel-02612598 HAL Id: tel-02612598 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02612598 Submitted on 19 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L'UNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES Spécialité : 2MGE : Matériaux, Mécanique, Génie civil, Electrochimie Arrêté ministériel : 25 mai 2016 Présentée par Esakkiammal Sudha ESAKKIMUTHU Thèse dirigée par Gérard MORTHA, Professeur, Grenoble INP et Co-encadrée par Nathalie MARLIN, Maître de Conférences, Grenoble INP préparée au sein du Laboratoire Génie des Procédés Papetiers (LGP2) dans l'École Doctorale I-MEP2 - Ingénierie - Matériaux, Mécanique, Environnement, Energétique, Procédés, Production Étude
    [Show full text]
  • Extraction, Modification and Characterization of Lignin from Oil Palm Fronds As Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Acidic Solution Mohd Hazwan Bin Hussin
    Extraction, modification and characterization of lignin from oil palm fronds as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic solution Mohd Hazwan Bin Hussin To cite this version: Mohd Hazwan Bin Hussin. Extraction, modification and characterization of lignin from oil palm fronds as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic solution. Food and Nutrition. Université de Lorraine, 2014. English. NNT : 2014LORR0135. tel-01750984 HAL Id: tel-01750984 https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01750984 Submitted on 29 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. AVERTISSEMENT Ce document est le fruit d'un long travail approuvé par le jury de soutenance et mis à disposition de l'ensemble de la communauté universitaire élargie. Il est soumis à la propriété intellectuelle de l'auteur. Ceci implique une obligation de citation et de référencement lors de l’utilisation de ce document. D'autre part, toute contrefaçon, plagiat, reproduction illicite encourt une poursuite pénale. Contact : [email protected] LIENS Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 122. 4 Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 335.2- L 335.10 http://www.cfcopies.com/V2/leg/leg_droi.php http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/infos-pratiques/droits/protection.htm Faculté des Sciences et Technique U.F.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Genetic Engineering for Biofuel Production: Towards Affordable Cellulosic Ethanol
    FOCUS ON GLOBAL CHALLREVIEWSENGes RETRACTED Plant genetic engineering for biofuel production: towards affordable cellulosic ethanol Mariam B. Sticklen Abstract | Biofuels provide a potential route to avoiding the global political instability and environmental issues that arise from reliance on petroleum. Currently, most biofuel is in the form of ethanol generated from starch or sugar, but this can meet only a limited fraction of global fuel requirements. Conversion of cellulosic biomass, which is both abundant and renewable, is a promising alternative. However, the cellulases and pretreatment processes involved are very expensive. Genetically engineering plants to produce cellulases and hemicellulases, and to reduce the need for pretreatment processes through lignin modification, are promising paths to solving this problem, together with other strategies, such as increasing plant polysaccharide content and overall biomass. Finite petroleum reserves and the increasing demands Starch- and sugar-derived ethanol already make a for energy in industrial countries have created inter- relatively small but significant contribution to global national unease. For example, the dependence of the energy supplies. In particular, Brazil produces relatively United States on foreign petroleum both undermines its cheap ethanol from the fermentation of sugarcane sugar economic strength and threatens its national security1. to supply one quarter of its ground transportation fuel. In As highly populated countries such as China and India addition, the United States produces ethanol from corn become more industrialized, they too might face similar grain. However, even if all the corn grain produced in problems. It is also clear that no country in the world the United States were converted into ethanol, this could is untouched by the negative environmental effects of only supply about 15% of that country’s transportation petroleum extraction, refining, transportation and use.
    [Show full text]