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Isotopic Assessment of Long Term Groundwater Exploitation

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Isotopic Assessment of Long Term Groundwater Exploitation IAEA-TECDOC-1507 Isotopic Assessment of Long Term Groundwater Exploitation Proceedings of a final research coordination meeting held in Vienna, 12–16 May 2003 October 2006 IAEA-TECDOC-1507 Isotopic Assessment of Long Term Groundwater Exploitation Proceedings of a final research coordination meeting held in Vienna, 12–16 May 2003 October 2006 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Isotope Hydrology Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria ISOTOPIC ASSESSMENT OF LONG TERM GROUNDWATER EXPLOITATION IAEA, VIENNA, 2006 IAEA-TECDOC-1507 ISBN 92–0–108106–5 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2006 Printed by the IAEA in Austria October 2006 FOREWORD The stress imposed on the available water resources due to man’s impact (exploitation, release of pollutants and agricultural practices) has resulted in depletion of the available reserves as well as deterioration of water quality in many parts of the world. Over wide areas, abstractions are exceeding current natural recharge and it is apparent from scientific studies that these water resources are being mined, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Sustainable development and management of those water resources needs long term monitoring records to understand the changes and dynamic responses due to the exploitation. These proceedings provide a synthesis of a series of hydrochemical, isotope and geohydrological data sets which will be used for quantitative assessment of the long term dynamic response of the groundwater system. The results show that both stable and radioactive isotopes are excellent tools for characterizing and understanding aquifer systems that are undergoing long term exploitation. Specific outcomes include establishment of methodologies for monitoring and predicting changes in water quality and quantity that will lead to improved water resources management. This publication is a summary of the results achieved during the coordinated research project (CRP) and the various studies performed by the participating institutions are presented as individual presentations. The overall achievements are presented as an executive summary, and the detailed findings are presented in each contribution. These results were presented in the final coordination meeting held in Vienna, 12–16 May 2003. The results obtained from this CRP will be used to improve the predictions of future behaviour of groundwater resources in response to exploitation. The scientific component of this CRP will be a valuable source of information for isotope hydrologists involved in isotope field applications and a useful guide for groundwater managers involved in groundwater resources programmes. The CRP was initiated by Y. Yurtsever and the IAEA officer in charge of the coordination of the CRP and responsible for the publication was B. Wallin of the Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences. EDITORIAL NOTE The papers in these proceedings are reproduced as submitted by the authors and have not undergone rigorous editorial review by the IAEA. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the IAEA, the governments of the nominating Member States or the nominating organizations. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights. CONTENTS SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................1 Isotope investigations of thermal water systems in western Turkey used as bench mark-systems of changing conditions due to tectonic influences ............................................5 W. Balderer, F. Leuenberger, W. Stichler, T. Yalcin, F. Suner, L. Eichinger Groundwater flow, recharge rates, and mean ages in the Roswell Basin, Southeastern New Mexico, United States of America......................................................................29 M. Gabora, M.E. Campana Isotope studies to understand the dynamic changes due to long term exploitation of groundwater systems in western Rajasthan, India....................................55 J. Noble, A.R. Nair, U.K. Sinha, T.B. Joseph, S.V. Navada Integrated dynamic modelling of tracer transport and long term groundwater/ surface water interaction using four 30 year 3H time series and multiple tracers for groundwater dating............................................................................................73 K. Hinsby, L. Troldborg, R. Purtschert, J.A. Corcho Alvarado Long term isotope data series and the hydrological model of Jwaneng mine northern well field.............................................................................................................................97 B. Th. Verhagen, M.J. Butler Long term dynamic isotope and hydrochemical changes in the deep aquifer of “Complexe Terminal” (Southern Tunisia) .............................................................127 K. Zouari, S. Kamel, N. Chkir Radioisotopes concentrations of stratified Amadeus Basin aquifers at Alice Springs, central Australia ......................................................................................................157 S.D. Hostetler Isotope response to hydrological systems for long term exploitation, case of Azraq Basin, Jordan ............................................................................................................177 M.R. Al-Momani, H. Amro, S. Kilani, A. El-Naqa, O. Rimawi, H. Katbeh, R. Tuffaha Chemical and isotopic trends in the southern Negros geothermal field and the shallow groundwater aquifer in Dumaguete City due to long term exploitation ......................213 J.A. Caranto, P.I. Pamatian, M.S. Ogena Early warning systems for deep groundwater exploitation based on environmental tracer measurements................................................................................................233 J. Ghergut, P. Maloszewski, K.P. Seiler The impact of long term artificial recharge on the quality of groundwater from the coastal aquifer of Israel: isotopic constraints and modeling.............................................255 O. Velder, A. Vengosh, A. Ayalon, U. Shavit Isotope response of hydrological systems to long term exploitation in the Singen aquifer system, Germany ....................................................................................................273 R. Watzel, M. Heidinger LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ..................................................................................................................287 SUMMARY BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Over the years, major sources of freshwater have been exploited to meet the ever increasing demand for water supplied for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. This is more pronounced in groundwater resources of arid and semi-arid regions, where limited water resources are being over-exploited. Observed decreases in groundwater table and increase salinity are of great concern. Most of the regional aquifer systems in arid regions of North Africa and the Middle East contain fossil groundwaters that have now reached salinity levels well above allowable limits for drinking water supply. In this coordinated research project (CRP) a number of hydrogeological investigations have been conducted in groundwater systems using isotope and hydrochemical methodologies. These investigations have been made in selected aquifer systems of different hydrogeological settings and spatial scales. The overall objectives of the CRP are to make an assessment of potential utilization of long term isotope responses of hydrological systems, particularly groundwater aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions. By having a better quantitative understanding of hydrodynamic changes induced by exploitation, one can then better predict changes in quantity and quality of water. Applied field research in selected bench-mark systems with different hydrogeological settings and spatial scales will enable predictions to be made of future behaviour of the systems under different exploitation scenarios. The specific objectives were to use environmental isotopes and hydrochemistry to: (a) obtain long term isotope response of groundwater systems under transient exploitation patterns; (b) assess the applicability of these isotope responses in studying the hydrodynamic changes in the system behaviour (flow dynamics and pathways, mixing patterns, hydraulic interrelationships, mass transport characteristics); and (c) develop dynamic simulation models based on the isotope data to be used for predictive purposes. ACHIEVEMENTS AND RESULTS Overall achievements The multiple isotope approach in the studies of water resources provide a robust technique to understand long term changes in groundwater resources. The improved analytical precision for the measurement of stable isotopes provide a reliable technique to delineate small changes in the water characteristics. This CRP demonstrates that environmental isotopic and geochemical tracers
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