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The German North Sea Ports' Absorption Into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914
From Unification to Integration: The German North Sea Ports' absorption into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914 Henning Kuhlmann Submitted for the award of Master of Philosophy in History Cardiff University 2016 Summary This thesis concentrates on the economic integration of three principal German North Sea ports – Emden, Bremen and Hamburg – into the Bismarckian nation- state. Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, Emden, Hamburg and Bremen handled a major share of the German Empire’s total overseas trade. However, at the time of the foundation of the Kaiserreich, the cities’ roles within the Empire and the new German nation-state were not yet fully defined. Initially, Hamburg and Bremen insisted upon their traditional role as independent city-states and remained outside the Empire’s customs union. Emden, meanwhile, had welcomed outright annexation by Prussia in 1866. After centuries of economic stagnation, the city had great difficulties competing with Hamburg and Bremen and was hoping for Prussian support. This thesis examines how it was possible to integrate these port cities on an economic and on an underlying level of civic mentalities and local identities. Existing studies have often overlooked the importance that Bismarck attributed to the cultural or indeed the ideological re-alignment of Hamburg and Bremen. Therefore, this study will look at the way the people of Hamburg and Bremen traditionally defined their (liberal) identity and the way this changed during the 1870s and 1880s. It will also investigate the role of the acquisition of colonies during the process of Hamburg and Bremen’s accession. In Hamburg in particular, the agreement to join the customs union had a significant impact on the merchants’ stance on colonialism. -
The Bauhaus and Weimar Modernism
Buchenwald Memorial, Ettersburg Castle Sömmerda (B7 / B85) 100 m weimar UNESCO World Heritage 500 m Culture City of Europe The Bauhaus and its sites in Weimar and Dessau have been on the UNESCO list of World Heritage since 1996. There are three objects in Weimar: the main building of the Bauhaus University Weimar, the former School of Applied Arts and the Haus Am Horn. Tiefurt Mansion deutschEnglish Harry-Graf-Kessler-Str. 10 5 Tiefurt Mansion Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Nietzsche Archive B Jorge-Semprùn-Platz a Oskar-Schlemmer-Str. d The building ensemble by Henry van de Velde was Friedrich Nietzsche spent the last years of his life at H e Stèphane- r 1 s revolutionary in terms of architecture at the turn of the “Villa Silberblick”. His sister established the Nietzsche Archive f Hessel-Platz e l d century. These Art School buildings became the venue here after his death and had the interior and furnishings e r S where the State Bauhaus was founded in 1919, making designed by Henry van de Velde. The current exhibition is t r a ß “Weimar” and the “Bauhaus” landmarks in the history of entitled “Kampf um Nietzsche” (“Dispute about Nietzsche”). e modern architecture. Humboldtstrasse 36 13 Mon, Wed to Sun 2pm – 5pm Geschwister-Scholl-Strasse 2 Mon to Fri 10am – 6pm | Sat & Sun 10am – 4pm Über dem Kegeltor C o u d r a y s t Erfurt (B7) r a ß e Berkaer Bahnhof 8 CRADLE, DESIGN: PETER KELER, 1922 © KLASSIK STIFTUNG WEIMAR 17 Jena (B7) 3 Tourist Information Office Weimar Haus Hohe Pappeln Weimar Municipal Museum 20 16 Markt 10, 99423 Weimar The Belgian architect Henry van de Velde, the artistic The permanent exhibition of the Municipal Museum presents Tel + 49 (0) 3643 745 0 advisor of the grand duchy, built this house for his family of “Democracy from Weimar. -
CHAPTER 2 the Period of the Weimar Republic Is Divided Into Three
CHAPTER 2 BERLIN DURING THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC The period of the Weimar Republic is divided into three periods, 1918 to 1923, 1924 to 1929, and 1930 to 1933, but we usually associate Weimar culture with the middle period when the post WWI revolutionary chaos had settled down and before the Nazis made their aggressive claim for power. This second period of the Weimar Republic after 1924 is considered Berlin’s most prosperous period, and is often referred to as the “Golden Twenties”. They were exciting and extremely vibrant years in the history of Berlin, as a sophisticated and innovative culture developed including architecture and design, literature, film, painting, music, criticism, philosophy, psychology, and fashion. For a short time Berlin seemed to be the center of European creativity where cinema was making huge technical and artistic strides. Like a firework display, Berlin was burning off all its energy in those five short years. A literary walk through Berlin during the Weimar period begins at the Kurfürstendamm, Berlin’s new part that came into its prime during the Weimar period. Large new movie theaters were built across from the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial church, the Capitol und Ufa-Palast, and many new cafés made the Kurfürstendamm into Berlin’s avant-garde boulevard. Max Reinhardt’s theater became a major attraction along with bars, nightclubs, wine restaurants, Russian tearooms and dance halls, providing a hangout for Weimar’s young writers. But Berlin’s Kurfürstendamm is mostly famous for its revered literary cafés, Kranzler, Schwanecke and the most renowned, the Romanische Café in the impressive looking Romanische Haus across from the Memorial church. -
Thuringia Focus
August 2021 Thuringia Focus. Intercord dedicates new R&D center Mühlhausen has long been a produc- tion hub for technical yarns, espe- cially for the automotive industry. Its footprint is now set to grow: A new development center was officially com- missioned on Intercord’s Mühlhausen premises in mid-June. The company en- larged the research department, too. Intercord will conduct tests at the new development center, while customers and suppliers will have an opportuni- ty to perform material testing of their At the laying of the foundation stone for the new building of Carlisle in Waltershausen. Photo: Carlisle own. Intercord’s Managing Director Ra- mazan Yasbay believes the center will provide a comprehensive overview of On the growth track: US investor Carlisle the products and materials that custo- mers want. The CEO described the sale expands operations in Thuringia of the company last October to US- based Beaver Manufacturing Company (BMC) as a “lucky thing” and called the Plastics specialist Carlisle is growing 25 new jobs and increase the Thuringian family-owned company a good choice. and investing around EUR 50 million in site’s total internal area to 17,000 square Electric mobility, too, is an important a new production facility in Waltershau- meters. The company will also buy new issue for Intercord. New engines will sen, Thuringia. The expansion is proof equipment for producing its special wa- mean new requirements for technical positive that Thuringia’s excellent site terproofing membranes. These products fibers. The company and its 90 em- conditions and all-round service make a are a runaway success since they can be ployees appear well prepared. -
Landeszentrale Für Politische Bildung Baden-Württemberg, Director: Lothar Frick 6Th Fully Revised Edition, Stuttgart 2008
BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG A Portrait of the German Southwest 6th fully revised edition 2008 Publishing details Reinhold Weber and Iris Häuser (editors): Baden-Württemberg – A Portrait of the German Southwest, published by the Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Baden-Württemberg, Director: Lothar Frick 6th fully revised edition, Stuttgart 2008. Stafflenbergstraße 38 Co-authors: 70184 Stuttgart Hans-Georg Wehling www.lpb-bw.de Dorothea Urban Please send orders to: Konrad Pflug Fax: +49 (0)711 / 164099-77 Oliver Turecek [email protected] Editorial deadline: 1 July, 2008 Design: Studio für Mediendesign, Rottenburg am Neckar, Many thanks to: www.8421medien.de Printed by: PFITZER Druck und Medien e. K., Renningen, www.pfitzer.de Landesvermessungsamt Title photo: Manfred Grohe, Kirchentellinsfurt Baden-Württemberg Translation: proverb oHG, Stuttgart, www.proverb.de EDITORIAL Baden-Württemberg is an international state – The publication is intended for a broad pub- in many respects: it has mutual political, lic: schoolchildren, trainees and students, em- economic and cultural ties to various regions ployed persons, people involved in society and around the world. Millions of guests visit our politics, visitors and guests to our state – in state every year – schoolchildren, students, short, for anyone interested in Baden-Würt- businessmen, scientists, journalists and numer- temberg looking for concise, reliable informa- ous tourists. A key job of the State Agency for tion on the southwest of Germany. Civic Education (Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Baden-Württemberg, LpB) is to inform Our thanks go out to everyone who has made people about the history of as well as the poli- a special contribution to ensuring that this tics and society in Baden-Württemberg. -
Obituary for Tamara Grummt Thomas Braunbeck1*, Lothar Erdinger2, Fritz H
Braunbeck et al. Environ Sci Eur (2020) 32:66 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-020-00340-7 OBITUARY Open Access Obituary for Tamara Grummt Thomas Braunbeck1*, Lothar Erdinger2, Fritz H. Frimmel3, Henner Hollert4, Siegfried Knasmüller5, David M. DeMarini6, Michael J. Plewa7, Susan D. Richardson8, Rita Triebskorn9, Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro10 and Paul A. White11 Abstract Tamara Grummt passed away on January 26, 2020 in Oelsnitz/Vogtland, Germany. Tamara was one of the scientifc pioneers in the feld of environmental toxicology, namely genotoxicity and hygiene of drinking and bathing waters. Her passing is not only a great loss to environmental research and to the global environmental toxicology commu‑ nity—we have lost an outstanding personality with the heart in the right place, who has become, for many of us, a wonderful friend. Tamara was born on December 30, 1955 in Lutherstadt- methods including the Ames test, chromosome aberra- Eisleben (Saxony, Germany) as one of three children in a tion tests in cell cultures and primary lymphocytes, the miner’s family in Röblingen am See. After 12 years of edu- UDS and micronucleus tests. In 1990, Tamara completed cation in primary and secondary schools at Schraplau and her postgraduate studies to become a specialist in medi- Querfurt, she received her High School A level in 1974 cine (specializing in human genetics) and worked at the and started studying biology at the Martin-Luther-Uni- versity Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), where she was awarded her diploma in biology in 1979. As a research associate at the Institute of Soil Science at MLU with Prof. -
EURAS 2018 Beer
How One of The World’s Oldest Food Safety Standards Approaches Expiration – The Case of German Beer 1 Philipp Eble * Henk J. de Vries * ** * Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University [email protected] [email protected] ** Delft Univeristy of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management [email protected] Abstract The paper at hand contemplates the effect of a centuries-old national food safety standard on innovation in a globalizing market. To that end, the case of the German Beer Industry is analysed to explicate the relationship between a longstanding beer purity decree and brewing innovation. Over 500 years of existence the so-called “Reinheitsgebot”, now laid down in federal German law, has served to restrict variety and safeguard the quality of locally-produced beers. In turn, the standard prominently shaped the national image as well as consumer preferences across all regions in Germany. This research however demonstrates how this has overwhelmingly brought about adverse consequences for the international relevance of German beer in an increasingly globalised economy, which favours diversity in tastes. Due to changing consumption trends and the constricted innovative ability of German brewers, the findings inform government’s responsibility in standardisation for traditional consumer goods industries at a time of urgent need for action. Introduction Beer is widely celebrated for its association with culinary distinctiveness, traditional values and quality (Meussdoerffer 2009). As the most popular drink in the world, behind tea and water, the history of beer brewing dates back several thousands of years, from as early as the Neolithic period to the ancient civilisations of Egypt and Mesopotamia (Nelson 2005). -
Energy and Environmental Technologies. Environmental Protection, Resource Efficiency, Green Tech – Key Technologies Made in Thuringia
09/2015 Energy and Environmental Technologies. Environmental protection, resource efficiency, green tech – key technologies made in Thuringia. Thuringian companies are among the world‘s leading providers of state-of-the-art power and environmental technologies: from conventional environmental protection and renewable energies to up-to-date technologies allowing an increase in energy efficiency. Quality made in Thuringia is in big demand, especially in waste Thuringia‘s energy and environmental technology processing, water and wastewater treatment, air pollution con- industry at a glance: trol, revitalization and renewable energies. By working closely > 366 companies with research institutions in these fields, Thuringia‘s companies > 5 research institutes can fully exploit their potential for growth. > 7 universities > leading engineering service providers in disciplines Proportion of companies such as industrial plant construction, hydrogeology, environmental geology and utilities (Source: In-house calculations according to LEG Industry/Technology Information Service, > market and technology leaders such as ENERCON, July 2013, N = 366 companies, multiple choices possible) Siemens and Vattenfall Seize the opportunities that our region offers. Benefit from a prime location in Europe’s heartland, highly skilled workers and a world-class research infrastructure. We provide full-service support for any investment project – from site search to project implementation and future expansions. Please contact us. www.invest-in-thuringia.de/en/top-industries/ environmental-technologies/ Skilled specialists – the keystone of success. Thuringia invests in the training and professional development of skilled workers so that your company can develop green, energy-efficient solutions for tomorrow. This maintains the competitiveness of Thuringian companies in these times of global climate change. -
Saxony: Landscapes/Rivers and Lakes/Climate
Freistaat Sachsen State Chancellery Message and Greeting ................................................................................................................................................. 2 State and People Delightful Saxony: Landscapes/Rivers and Lakes/Climate ......................................................................................... 5 The Saxons – A people unto themselves: Spatial distribution/Population structure/Religion .......................... 7 The Sorbs – Much more than folklore ............................................................................................................ 11 Then and Now Saxony makes history: From early days to the modern era ..................................................................................... 13 Tabular Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 Constitution and Legislature Saxony in fine constitutional shape: Saxony as Free State/Constitution/Coat of arms/Flag/Anthem ....................... 21 Saxony’s strong forces: State assembly/Political parties/Associations/Civic commitment ..................................... 23 Administrations and Politics Saxony’s lean administration: Prime minister, ministries/State administration/ State budget/Local government/E-government/Simplification of the law ............................................................................... 29 Saxony in Europe and in the world: Federalism/Europe/International -
Ernst Abbe 1840-1905: a Social Reformer
We all do not belong to ourselves Ernst Abbe 1840-1905: a Social Reformer Fritz Schulze, Canada Linda Nguyen, The Canadian Press, Wednesday, January 2014: TORONTO – By the time you finish your lunch on Thursday, Canada’s top paid CEO will have already earned (my italics!) the equivalent of your annual salary.* It is not unusual these days to read such or similar headlines. Each time I am reminded of the co-founder of the company I worked for all my active life. Those who know me, know that I worked for the world-renowned German optical company Carl Zeiss. I also have a fine collection of optical instruments, predominantly microscopes, among them quite a few Zeiss instruments. Carl Zeiss founded his business as a “mechanical atelier” in Jena in 1846 and his mathematical consultant, Ernst Abbe, a poorly paid lecturer at the University Jena, became his partner in 1866. That was the beginning of a comet-like rise of the young company. Ernst Abbe was born in Eisenach, Thuringia, on January 23, 1840, as the first child of a spinnmaster of a local textile mill.Till the beginning of the 50s each and every day the Lord made my father stood at his machines, 14, 15, 16 hours, from 5 o’clock in the morning till 7 o’clock in the evening during quiet periods, 16 hours from 4 o’clock in the morning till 8 o’clock in the evening during busy times, without any interruption, not even a lunch break. I myself as a small boy of 5 – 9 years brought him his lunch, alternately with my younger sister, and watched him as he gulped it down leaning on his machine or sitting on a wooden box, then handing me back the empty pail and immediately again tending his machines." Ernst Abbe remembered later. -
BJCP Exam Study Guide
BJCP BEER EXAM STUDY GUIDE Last Revised: December, 2017 Contributing Authors: Original document by Edward Wolfe, Scott Bickham, David Houseman, Ginger Wotring, Dave Sapsis, Peter Garofalo, Chuck Hanning. Revised 2006 by Gordon Strong and Steve Piatz. Revised 2012 by Scott Bickham and Steve Piatz. Revised 2014 by Steve Piatz Revised 2015 by Steve Piatz Revised 2017 by Scott Bickham Copyright © 1998-2017 by the authors and the BJCP CHANGE LOG January-March, 2012: revised to reflect new exam structure, no longer interim May 1, 2012: revised yeast section, corrected T/F question 99 August, 2012: removed redundant styles for question S0, revised the additional readings list, updated the judging procedure to encompass the checkboxes on the score sheet. October 2012: reworded true/false questions 2, 4, 6, 8, 13, 26, 33, 38, 39, 42, and 118. Reworded essay question T15. March 2014: removed the Exam Program description from the document, clarified the wording on question T13. October 2015: revised for the 2015 BJCP Style Guidelines. February, 2016: revised the table for the S0 question to fix typos, removed untested styles. September-October, 2017 (Scott Bickham): moved the BJCP references in Section II.B. to Section I; incorporated a study guide for the online Entrance exam in Section II; amended the rubric for written questions S0, T1, T3, T13 and T15; rewrote the Water question and converted the rubrics for each of the Technical and Brewing Process questions to have three components; simplified the wording of the written exam questions’ added -
German Rail Pass Holders Are Not Granted (“Uniform Rules Concerning the Contract Access to DB Lounges
7 McArthurGlen Designer Outlets The German Rail Pass German Rail Pass Bonuses German Rail Pass holders are entitled to a free Fashion Pass- port (10 % discount on selected brands) plus a complimentary Are you planning a trip to Germany? Are you longing to feel the Transportation: coffee specialty in the following Designer Outlets: Hamburg atmosphere of the vibrant German cities like Berlin, Munich, 1 Köln-Düsseldorf Rheinschiffahrt AG (Neumünster), Berlin (Wustermark), Salzburg/Austria, Dresden, Cologne or Hamburg or to enjoy a walk through the (KD Rhine Line) (www.k-d.de) Roermond/Netherlands, Venice (Noventa di Piave)/Italy medieval streets of Heidelberg or Rothenburg/Tauber? Do you German Rail Pass holders are granted prefer sunbathing on the beaches of the Baltic Sea or downhill 20 % reduction on boats of the 8 Designer Outlets Wolfsburg skiing in the Bavarian Alps? Do you dream of splendid castles Köln-Düsseldorfer Rheinschiffahrt AG: German Rail Pass holders will get special Designer Coupons like Neuschwanstein or Sanssouci or are you headed on a on the river Rhine between of 10% discount for 3 shops. business trip to Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf? Cologne and Mainz Here is our solution for all your travel plans: A German Rail on the river Moselle between City Experiences: Pass will take you comfortably and flexibly to almost any German Koblenz and Cochem Historic Highlights of Germany* destination on our rail network. Whether day or night, our trains A free CityCard or WelcomeCard in the following cities: are on time and fast – see for yourself on one of our Intercity- 2 Lake Constance Augsburg, Erfurt, Freiburg, Koblenz, Mainz, Münster, Express trains, the famous ICE high-speed services.