Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil Ed 166 ®️ Maio 2021

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Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil Ed 166 ®️ Maio 2021 ® 2 Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil MAIO 2021 FRENTE DE ESQUERDA NA FRANÇA EDITORIAL “Política Perguntas externa”? impensáveis Como assim? POR SILVIO CACCIA BAVA POR SERGE HALIMI* uer se deseje ou não uma alian- Moscou e Pequim o monopólio das ivemos um momento da histó- breza. Isso acontece por toda parte. ça de esquerda e dos ecologis- fake news, do apoio a “movimentos ria da humanidade em que o Mas vale dizer que o Brasil é o tercei- tas para a eleição presidencial extremistas” ou da compra de “nos- capitalismo globalizado, con- ro país que mais perde impostos com francesa do próximo ano, os sas empresas-chave”. Esquece, as- trolado pelos grandes grupos as remessas de lucros das multina- Qtermos desse debate confirmaram o sim, as inexistentes “armas de des- Veconômicos, e especialmente pelos cionais para paraísos fiscais, segun- analfabetismo geopolítico da maior truição em massa” do Iraque, o apoio grandes grupos financeiros, impõe do a Tax Justice Network, algo como parte dos jornalistas. Com efeito, su- ocidental e saudita à Frente Al-Nosra um modelo de organização de nossas R$ 82 bilhões por ano.3 pondo-se que nenhuma divergência síria – filiada à Al-Qaeda – e o bandi- sociedades e da economia que aten- Na América Latina, nossos países de política econômica e social impe- tismo norte-americano que inflige de unicamente a seus interesses: ma- são condenados à reprimarização da ça as formações situadas à esquerda multas extravagantes às empresas ximizar seus lucros e seu poder sobre economia, e toda industrialização é de Emmanuel Macron de fazerem concorrentes, chegando a obrigar a todos nós.1 combatida pelas grandes corpora- uma frente contra ele já no primeiro Alstom a submeter-se à General Elec®- Essa voracidade pelo lucro só en- ções. Perdemos autonomia e passa- turno da eleição, podemos dizer o tric.2 Logicamente, seu texto exige contra limites vindos da regulação mos à situação de um novo tipo de mesmo sobre a política externa? O também, como Donald Trump e Joe pública, isto é, das leis e da fiscaliza- colonização, que submete nossos mais espantoso é que essa questão Biden, que os europeus “ponham fim ção por parte do Estado. Dado que es- países aos interesses dessas multina- não tenha interessado a ninguém. E imediatamente ao projeto de gás ses atores capturaram os Estados na- cionais e dos países que as represen- quanto às relações com os Estados Nord Stream 2” (ver pág. 30). Sugere cionais e mesmo os órgãos de tam no cenário internacional. Unidos, a China e a Rússia; à política ainda que eles apoiem “a Ucrânia, às regulação internacional como as Na- Esse capitalismo predatório vê a da França para o Oriente Médio, a voltas com a agressão militar de seu ções Unidas, o FMI, o Banco Mundial América Latina como um campo de África e a América Latina; ao poder vizinho russo”. Ora, Kiev reclama e a OCDE, a regulação e a fiscalização exploração e expropriação, uma pla- de fogo? No encontro de 17 de abril, principalmente sua adesão à Organi- ficaram precárias, tornando a ação taforma de extração de riquezas. nenhum desses temas parece ter sido zação do Tratado do Atlântico Norte desses grandes grupos econômicos Nossas riquezas minerais, petróleo, abordado pelos dirigentes de esquer- (Otan), uma aliança militar da qual cada vez mais predatória, espoliadora produções agrícolas e pecuária são o da. E, longe de se surpreender com is- os ecologistas prometeram – uma de e destruidora do meio ambiente. E, que interessa. As condições de vida so, a mídia preferiu entusiasmar-se suas “primeiras medidas”, caso che- com seu poder, mobilizam os recursos dos latino-americanos não lhes com questões decisivas para o futuro guem ao poder – tirar a França... públicos para aumentar seus lucros. interessam. do país, como a comida vegetariana O ex-ministro socialista Benoît A crise de 2008 concentrou o po- E aqui está o grande desafio. Para nas cantinas escolares de Lyon, as Hamon assegura, apesar de tudo, der cada vez mais em poucas mãos. enfrentar esse capitalismo predató- “reuniões não mistas” de um sindica- que os desacordos não são “tão nu- As fusões e incorporações criam me- rio e financeirizado é preciso fazer to estudantil e a recusa de subvenção merosos entre as formações ecolo- gacorporações, levando empresas a frente às grandes corporações que a um aeroclube de Poitiers. gistas de esquerda”. Quer dizer então ter um faturamento maior que o PIB operam em nosso território, impor li- A coisa chegou a tal ponto que, que a França progressista poderia de muitos países, e os sistemas públi- mites. A começar pelos bancos. Mes- quando o patrocinador da reunião adotar amanhã a política para a Chi- cos de regulação democrática se su- mo com a crise econômica, o desem- unitária, Yannick Jadot, publicou na de Tóquio, a política para a Vene- jeitam a esses interesses poderosos. prego e as falências de pequenas e uma análise de política externa neo- zuela de Washington, a política ára- Essas grandes corporações não médias empresas, “o Goldman Sachs conservadora, seu conteúdo passou be de Tel Aviv e a política para a têm limites éticos para atingir seus espera um crescimento médio anual despercebido.1 Diversas passagens, Rússia de Varsóvia? objetivos. Sonegam impostos (um de 34% no lucro dos bancos brasilei- que poderiam ter sido redigidas nu- terço do PIB mundial está em paraí- ros no primeiro trimestre deste ano”.4 ma sala do Pentágono, situam o diri- *Serge Halimi é diretor do Le Monde sos fiscais), degradam o meio am- Enquanto os brasileiros ficam gente ecologista à direita de Macron. Diplomatique. biente que exploram, submetem ca- mais pobres, o faturamento do setor Por exemplo, ele atribui “metade das deias inteiras de produção a suas agropecuário em 2021 deve ser 12% 1 Yannick Jadot: “Faire reculer l’influence des tensões internacionais” à “agressivi- régimes autoritaires ne doit pas signifier s’en- imposições, sacrificam o pequeno e maior que em 2020 e estima-se que dade crescente de regimes autoritá- gager dans une nouvelle guerre froide” [Con- médio produtor, oferecem produtos chegue a R$ 1 trilhão. rios na China, Rússia e até Turquia”. trapor-se à influência dos regimes autoritários de má qualidade ao consumidor,2 Tomemos como exemplo a produ- não significa iniciar uma nova Guerra Fria], Le Seria de crer que, para ele, as provo- Monde, 13 abr. 2021. constituem monopólios ou oligopó- ção da soja, o principal produto agro- cações nunca vêm dos Estados Uni- 2 Ver Jean-Michel Quatrepoint, “Au nom de la lios que impõem seus preços, degra- pecuário brasileiro em termos de fa- dos, da Arábia Saudita ou de Israel. loi... américaine” [Em nome da lei... norte-ame- dam as condições de trabalho e os sa- turamento, estimado em R$ 335,2 ricana], Le Monde Diplomatique, jan. 2017; e, 5 Percebe-se o mesmo estrabismo sobre a Alstom, o relato de Arnaud Montebourg lários dos trabalhadores, aprofundam bilhões para 2021. A cultura da soja atlantista quando Jadot reserva a em L’Engagement, Grasset, Paris, 2020. as desigualdades e aumentam a po- demanda grandes extensões de terra, MAIO 2021 Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil 3 EDITORIAL © Claudius muitas vezes adquiridas de pequenos exportações, porque, com a queda ®da to hoje como em momentos históricos reúne informações sobre cerca de 20 proprietários que antes produziam renda familiar do brasileiro, o consu- anteriores, os povos da América Lati- mil empreendimentos econômicos comida na agricultura familiar; re- mo de carne no mercado interno vem na criaram e criam outros paradig- solidários. Apesar da importância, quer uma quantidade enorme de caindo significativamente. A devas- mas para organizar sua vida e sua essas experiências não ganham es- água, que deve ser preservada como tação ambiental para atender às de- produção. Temos muitas indicações cala, não se multiplicam, nunca se um bem comum; utiliza agrotóxicos mandas externas compensa? do caminho a seguir. tornarão hegemônicas. Elas operam e, com isso, envenena nossa comida e Os supermercados – um oligopó- No período anterior à colonização nas franjas da economia. Elas não o meio ambiente; requer maquinaria lio que domina 86,1% do consumo europeia da América Latina, os povos têm poder. e tecnologia sofisticadas e capital in- diário, impõe preços vis a seus originários construíram modos de Para criar novas relações sociais e tensivo, o que deixa essa produção fornecedores e eliminou a quitanda vida e de produção marcadamente de produção e consumo é preciso en- nas mãos do grande capital; requer do bairro, a venda, a mercearia e a coletivos, solidários, cooperativos e frentar essas grandes corporações mão de obra especializada e, portan- floricultura, ou seja, acabou com o de um profundo respeito e cuidado que operam em nosso território. E to, não gera empregos locais; deman- pequeno e médio comerciante – têm com a natureza, com todos os seres não há como fazê-lo sem rupturas, da um volume enorme de energia pa- o mesmo desenho concentrador e vivos. A proposta do buen vivir vem sem enfrentar problemas estruturais ra exportar seus produtos para o excludente. A maior rede em fatura- dessas concepções e práticas. do país. As tentativas de reforma outro lado do planeta. Seus lucros vão mento, o Carrefour, multinacional Já os quilombolas no Brasil adota- mostraram seus limites. para o circuito financeiro internacio- com 498 lojas no Brasil e 72 mil ram também formas coletivas de Precisamos da ousadia de per- nal, logo não beneficiam o território funcionários, manda seus lucros produção e consumo, cultura trazida guntar: o agronegócio interessa ao em que é produzida. E, por força de para onde? da África e praticada nos territórios povo brasileiro? A mineração deve seu poder político, conta com isen- O modelo vale para toda a econo- em que, num movimento de afirma- ser suspensa e proibida? Precisamos ções tributárias, financiamentos pri- mia.
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