Luchian Și Independenții

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Luchian Și Independenții LUCHIAN ȘI INDEPENDENȚII PAVILIONUL MUZEAL GALERIILE KRETZULESCU, BUCUREȘTI, 2017 Curatori expoziție: Adina Rențea Iulian Pleștiu Catalog (texte): Valentin Ciucă Iulian Pleștiu Adina Rențea Traducere: Irina-Marina Borțoi Fotografii: Gabriel Ghizdavu Design & DTP: Iulian Pleștiu Veronica Dănilă Tipărit la: Everest Pavilionul Muzeal Luchian și Independenții Art Safari 2017 19 mai - 18 iunie 2017 Galeriile Kretzulescu, Calea Victoriei nr. 45 București Coperta I: Ștefan Luchian, Anemone, Colecție privată Coperta IV: Ștefan Luchian, Alecu Literatu, Colecție privată ISBN: 978-606-8605-71-5 © Art Safari 2017 Nicio parte din acest catalog nu poate fi reprodusă sau transmisă în niciun mod, sub nicio formă fără consimțământul scris al deținătorilor de copyright. - etaj 2 Kretzulescu Galeriile și Independenții, Luchian expoziției Planul 2 3 CUPRINS / CONTENTS Aducem mulțumiri muzeelor, instituțiilor culturale și colecționarilor particulari, fără suportul cărora acest proiect nu ar fi fost posibil: Complexul Muzeal Arad Complexul Muzeal „Iulian Antonescu”, Muzeul Judeţean de Artă Bacău Muzeul „Vasile Pârvan”, Bârlad Muzeul Judeţean Botoşani Muzeul de Artă Brașov Muzeul Național Tehnic „Prof. Ing. Dimitrie Leonida”, București Universitatea Națională de Arte București Banca Comercială Română Fundația Bonte Muzeul Memorial „Octavian Goga”, Ciucea Muzeul de Artă Cluj-Napoca Muzeul de Artă Craiova Muzeul de Artă Constanţa Muzeul Regiunii Porților de Fier, Drobeta Turnu-Severin Complexul Muzeal Național Moldova Iași - Muzeul de Artă Muzeul de Arta Vizuală Galați Muzeul Județean Mureș - Muzeul de Artă Muzeul Judeţean Argeş, Piteşti Muzeul Judeţean Prahova „Ion Ionescu-Quintus” Muzeul Județean „Aurelian Sacerdoțeanu”, Râmnicu Vâlcea Institutul de Cercetări Eco-Muzeale „Gavrilă Simion”, Tulcea Valentin Ciucă Valentin Ciucă Mulțumiri speciale părintelui paroh al Parohiei Bisericii Kretzulescu, 7 Luchian, contemporanul nostru 7 Luchian, our contemporary prof. Vasile Răducă. Adina Rențea Adina Rențea 11 „Înnoitorul picturii românești” 11 “The Innovator” Iulian Pleștiu Iulian Pleștiu 13 Luchian @ 100 13 Luchian @ 100 16 Viața. Cariera. Pictura 16 Life. Career. Oeuvre 58 1896 - Secesiunea românească 58 1896 - Romanian Secession 74 Sciziunea artistică. Manifest 74 The Artistic schism. A Manifesto 76 Independenții 76 The Independents 86 Catalog 86 Catalogue 164 Bibliografie 164 References 4 5 Creația este răspunsul ce se poate da destinului, ne atra- Creation is the answer we can give destiny, points out ge atenția Mircea Eliade. Oare ce altceva a făcut Luchian? Mircea Eliade. And what else did Luchian do? In the lab- În labirintul existenței, păzit cu strășnicie de implacabi- yrinth of existence, fiercely guarded by implacable fate, lul destin, pictorul s-a decis definitiv: opera îi va lumi- the painter made a final decision: his body of work would LUCHIAN, na, pe măsura constituirii ei, drumul întoarcerii spre viață. light the way of his return to life, as it would become rich- Este adevărat că timpii nu sunt întotdeauna concordanți. er and richer. It is true that times are not always congru- După 1916, rămâne doar timpul operei. Pe traseele ei si- ent. After 1916, only the time of his work remains. Along nuoase distingem câteva elemente esențiale, cu repercu- its sinuous course we make out a few essential elements, siuni atât imediate, cât și de durată. with repercussions both in the immediate and the long Apariția pictorului în arta românească s-a produs într-un term. CONTEMPORANUL moment de criză. Cu puțin înainte și după anul 1900, The emergence of the painter in Romanian art oc- Maestrul de Câmpina, obosit de glorie și sleit de puteri, curred in a time of crisis. Little before and after 1900, după ce epuizase o formulă stilistică inconfundabilă, asis- the Câmpina Master, tired of glory and burned out, after ta olimpian la zgomotoasele parade publice ale discipoli- he had exhausted an unmistakeable stylistic formula, wit- lor fideli. Andreescu, aproape necunoscut, achivala cu o nessed as if from Mount Olympus the clamorous public apariție meteorică, strălucitoare, dar fără efecte concre- parades of his faithful disciples. Andreescu, virtually un- NOSTRU te în câmpul artelor. Climatul artistic românesc, sensibil la known, seemed a meteoric apparition, bright, yet with- mișcările de avangardă din Occidentul Europei, se dove- out concrete effects in the field of arts. The Romanian dea însă, în ciuda declarațiilor de cafenea, încă destul de artistic climate, sensitive to the avant-garde movements reținut și conservator. Pictorii academici dețineau la fine- in Western Europe, proved to be still quite reserved and le veacului posturi privilegiate în ierarhia învățământului conservative, in spite of coffee shop statements. At the artistic, iar alții, prin manevre politicie își asiguraseră un end of the century, academic painters had privileged po- fel de consilierat veșnic pe lângă snobii potentați ai zilei. sitions in the hierarchy of artistic education, while others Asemenea altor tineri trecuți prin școlile de artă ale had secured for themselves some sort of eternal counsel Apusului, Luchian părea decis să dea contur prac- posts near the bigwig snobs of the day, through various tic temerarelor programe estetice secesioniste. Salonul political manoeuvres. Independenților din anul 1896 echivalează cu prima ma- Like other young people who had studied Art in the nifestare românească a grupului dizident. N.Vermont, West, Luchian seemed determined to shape the bold Constantin Artachino, Al. Bogdan-Pitești îi sunt asoci- Secessionist aesthetic programmes. The Salon of the ați și expoziția lor are, cum știm, consecințe directe în Independents of 1896 is indeed the first Romanian man- stimularea vieții artistice românești. Câteva inițiative se ifestation of the dissident group. N. Vermont, Constantin dovedesc mai mult decât oportune și utileș; înființarea Artachino, Al. Bogdan-Pitești are his associates and their Societății „Ileana”, a reviste omonime le consolidează po- exhibition has, as we know, direct consequences on driv- ziția de avangardă și le creează faima unor veritabili no- ing the Romanian artistic life. Some initiatives prove to vatori. Ceea ce afirmau programatic expozițiile Societății be more than convenient and useful; establishing the „Ileana” - cu toate concesiile conjuncturale - era opțiunea “Ileana” Society and the eponymous journal reinforce fermă pentru o artă liberă, lipsită de constrângeri și de- their avant-garde position and creates their fame of true terminări exterioare. „În fața artei oficiale - declarau ei în innovators. What the exhibitions of the “Ileana” Society Catalog - noi suntem arta independentă”. stated programmatically – with all the circumstantial Momentul trebuie reținut. Itinerarele noastre către concessions – was the firm option for free art, free of 6 7 operă impun o radicală schimbare de sens. Îndatorat lui external constraints and determinations. “Before official Luchian este marele nostru pictor național” Sau, un altul, were plenty, so were monographic studies or synthe- Grigorescu și altora, Luchian se hotărâse a fi el însuși. În art – they stated in the Catalogue – we are independent „Naționalismul lui Ștefan Luchian stă în interpretare; al lui ses. Critics, peers, the public at large all validated his pur- raport cu zeloșii contestatari, este extrem de sugestivă art.” Grigorescu în motiv”. Remarca îi apaține lui Tonitza. suits and each of them experienced the belief, at least atitudinea bătrânului maestru. Grigorescu nu numai că The time is to be remembered. Our itineraries towards ··· for one moment, that his work would reveal to them new nu era ostil mișcării de avangardă ci, dimpotrivă, acceptă the work entail a radical change of direction. Indebted to Prin sinteze succesive, Luchian a dat un chip nou pic- meanings, which others had not perceived yet. First, his a fi membru de onoare la întâia lor expoziție. Gestul echi- Grigorescu and others, Luchian had decided to be him- turii naționale. El, vorba lui George Oprescu, nu a creat friends wrote. Be they journalists, writers or painters. The valează cu o autentică adeziune. Generos cu cei tineri, a self. In relation to his zealous disputers, the attitude of școală, ci atmosferă. Prin originalitatea viziunii a impus biographic detail, anecdote, is what prevails. Every now simțit că viitorul picturii românești se afla în mâinile și mai the old master is extremely suggestive. Not only was o cale aspră spre marea artă. Prea puțini însă s-au simțit and then, a remarkable critical institution. Here is a first ales în pânzele acestor rebeli, hotărâți să sfarme statuile Grigorescu not hostile to the avant-garde movement, but capabili să-l urmeze cu adevărat. Cei care au făcut-o, au example, from 1913, when the painter Iosif Iser said: “I de mucava ale falșilor idoli și să instaureze o artă nouă. În on the contrary, he accepted to be an honorary mem- cunoscut gustul amar al sacrificiului, dar și bucuria crea- don’t know how, but his houses, his visages could only fine, se pare că tot Grigorescu a fost temerarul pornit să ber at their first exhibition. The gesture was equivalent ției. Opera lui are valoarea unui tulburător autoportret. be secured by a Romanian. Luchian is our great national afle tainele artei mai tânărului confrate. Aflându-le, nu a to a true adhesion. Generous with the young, he felt the Imaginea creatorului s-a risipit în fiece tablou și doar con- painter.” Or another: “The nationalism of Ștefan Luchian ezitat a le face, cu autoritatea numelui
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