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July 5, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 27 u 10927–11298 Cover image: Pictured is a high-speed photograph of a water drop that appears almost solid and glass-like at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Ove Andersson reports ex- perimental results that suggest that pressures above 10,000 atm collapse the structure of ice at low temperatures and yield ultraviscous water at 140 K. Ultraviscous water produced in this manner has a similar structure to water at typical Earth temperatures and pressures but is about 35% denser. See the article by Andersson on pages 11013–11016. Image courtesy of Markus Reugels, freelance photographer. From the Cover 11013 Glass-like water 10952 Stroke and gene silencing 11034 Green revolution in ancient times 11069 Unraveling RNA structure 11291 Flight sensors on bat wings Contents COMMENTARIES 10929 How hydrophobic molecules traverse the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria THIS WEEK IN PNAS Michael C. Wiener and Peter S. Horanyi See companion article on page 10121 of issue 25 in volume 108 10927 In This Issue 10931 Paleo-Green Revolution for rice Andrew H. Paterson and Zhi-Kang Li See companion article on page 11034 10933 RNA structure probing dash seq LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY) Kevin M. Weeks See companion articles on pages 11063 and 11069 E251 Intelligence differences may explain the link between childhood psychological problems and adult socioeconomic status Michael Daly PNAS PLUS (AUTHOR SUMMARIES) E252 Reply to Daly: Childhood psychological problems still matter even after controlling for childhood BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES cognitive skills James P. Smith and Robert Joyce NEUROSCIENCE 10935 Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and E253 Uterine selection for immunocompetent offspring learning signals in brain reward circuitry Tobias L. Lenz Kyle S. Smith, Kent C. Berridge, and J. Wayne Aldridge See full research article on page E255 of www.pnas.org E254 Reply to Lenz: Parental MHC disparity may affect 10937 Transcription factor Lhx2 is necessary and sufficient to offspring fitness via uterine natural killer cells suppress astrogliogenesis and promote neurogenesis Myriam Hemberger, Ashley Moffett, in the developing hippocampus and Francesco Colucci Lakshmi Subramanian, Anindita Sarkar, Ashwin S. Shetty, Bhavana Muralidharan, Hari Padmanabhan, Michael Piper, Edwin S. Monuki, Ingolf Bach, Richard M. Gronostajski, Linda J. Richards, and Shubha Tole Free online through the PNAS open access option. See full research article on page E265 of www.pnas.org PNAS u July 5, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 27 u iii–vii Downloaded by guest on October 2, 2021 10986 Multiscale approach to link red blood cell dynamics, QNAS shear viscosity, and ATP release Alison M. Forsyth, Jiandi Wan, Philip D. Owrutsky, 10939 QnAs with Peter H. Gleick Manouk Abkarian, and Howard A. Stone Phil Downey 10992 Measuring single-cell density William H. Grover, Andrea K. Bryan, Monica Diez-Silva, Subra Suresh, John M. Higgins, and Scott R. Manalis PHYSICAL SCIENCES 11115 Interstitial flow influences direction of tumor cell APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES migration through competing mechanisms William J. Polacheck, Joseph L. Charest, 10940 Fluid dynamics and noise in bacterial cell–cell and and Roger D. Kamm cell–surface scattering Knut Drescher, Jörn Dunkel, Luis H. Cisneros, Sujoy Ganguly, and Raymond E. Goldstein ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 10946 CD9 tetraspanin generates fusion competent sites on the 10997 Uncertainties in climate assessment for the case of egg membrane for mammalian fertilization aviation NO Antoine Jégou, Ahmed Ziyyat, Virginie Barraud-Lange, Christopher D. Holmes, Qi Tang, and Michael J. Prather Eric Perez, Jean Philippe Wolf, Frédéric Pincet, and Christine Gourier 11003 Gas uptake and chemical aging of semisolid organic 10952 Functional motor recovery from brain ischemic insult by aerosol particles carbon nanotube-mediated siRNA silencing Manabu Shiraiwa, Markus Ammann, Thomas Koop, Khuloud T. Al-Jamal, Lisa Gherardini, Giuseppe Bardi, and Ulrich Pöschl Antonio Nunes, Chang Guo, Cyrill Bussy, M. Antonia Herrero, Alberto Bianco, Maurizio Prato, Kostas Kostarelos, and Tommaso Pizzorusso MATHEMATICS 10958 Tungsten tetraboride, an inexpensive 11009 New family of tilings of three-dimensional Euclidean superhard material space by tetrahedra and octahedra Reza Mohammadi, Andrew T. Lech, Miao Xie, Beth E. John H. Conway, Yang Jiao, and Salvatore Torquato Weaver, Michael T. Yeung, Sarah H. Tolbert, and Richard B. Kaner PHYSICS 11013 Glass–liquid transition of water at high pressure CHEMISTRY Ove Andersson 10963 Designing super selectivity in multivalent nano-particle binding Francisco J. Martinez-Veracoechea and Daan Frenkel STATISTICS 10969 Measurement of radon and xenon binding to 11063 Multiplexed RNA structure characterization with a cryptophane molecular host selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer David R. Jacobson, Najat S. Khan, Ronald Collé, extension sequencing (SHAPE-Seq) Ryan Fitzgerald, Lizbeth Laureano-Pérez, Yubin Bai, Julius B. Lucks, Stefanie A. Mortimer, Cole Trapnell, Shujun and Ivan J. Dmochowski Luo, Sharon Aviran, Gary P. Schroth, Lior Pachter, Jennifer A. Doudna, and Adam P. Arkin 10974 Crystal engineering rescues a solution organic synthesis See Commentary on page 10933 in a cocrystallization that confirms the configuration of a molecular ladder 11069 Modeling and automation of sequencing-based Manza B. J. Atkinson, S. V. Santhana Mariappan, characterization of RNA structure Dejan-Krešimir Bucar, Jonas Baltrusaitis, Tomislav Frišcić, Sharon Aviran, Cole Trapnell, Julius B. Lucks, Stefanie A. Naif G. Sinada, and Leonard R. MacGillivray Mortimer, Shujun Luo, Gary P. Schroth, Jennifer A. Doudna, 11046 Structural contributions to multidrug recognition in the Adam P. Arkin, and Lior Pachter multidrug resistance (MDR) gene regulator, BmrR See Commentary on page 10933 Sharrol Bachas, Christopher Eginton, Drew Gunio, and Herschel Wade SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 11235 Detection and avoidance of a carnivore odor by prey David M. Ferrero, Jamie K. Lemon, Daniela Fluegge, Stan L. 11017 Climate related sea-level variations over the past Pashkovski, Wayne J. Korzan, Sandeep Robert Datta, two millennia Marc Spehr, Markus Fendt, and Stephen D. Liberles Andrew C. Kemp, Benjamin P. Horton, Jeffrey P. Donnelly, Michael E. Mann, Martin Vermeer, and Stefan Rahmstorf ENGINEERING 11028 Household and community poverty, biomass use, and air 10980 Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged polymeric pollution in Accra, Ghana nanoparticles as a biomimetic delivery platform Zheng Zhou, Kathie L. Dionisio, Raphael E. Arku, Audrey Che-Ming J. Hu, Li Zhang, Santosh Aryal, Connie Cheung, Quaye, Allison F. Hughes, Jose Vallarino, John D. Spengler, Ronnie H. Fang, and Liangfang Zhang Allan Hill, Samuel Agyei-Mensah, and Majid Ezzati iv u www.pnas.org Downloaded by guest on October 2, 2021 BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY SOCIAL SCIENCES 10940 Fluid dynamics and noise in bacterial cell–cell and cell–surface scattering PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES Knut Drescher, Jörn Dunkel, Luis H. Cisneros, 11241 Premotor functional connectivity predicts impulsivity in Sujoy Ganguly, and Raymond E. Goldstein juvenile offenders Benjamin J. Shannon, Marcus E. Raichle, Abraham Z. 10963 Designing super selectivity in multivalent Snyder, Damien A. Fair, Kathryn L. Mills, Dongyang Zhang, nano-particle binding Kevin Bache, Vince D. Calhoun, Joel T. Nigg, Bonnie J. Francisco J. Martinez-Veracoechea and Daan Frenkel Nagel, Alexander A. Stevens, and Kent A. Kiehl 11063 Multiplexed RNA structure characterization with selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension sequencing (SHAPE-Seq) SOCIAL SCIENCES Julius B. Lucks, Stefanie A. Mortimer, Cole Trapnell, Shujun Luo, Sharon Aviran, Gary P. Schroth, Lior Pachter, 11023 Centralized sanctioning and legitimate authority Jennifer A. Doudna, and Adam P. Arkin promote cooperation in humans See Commentary on page 10933 Delia Baldassarri and Guy Grossman 11069 Modeling and automation of sequencing-based characterization of RNA structure SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE Sharon Aviran, Cole Trapnell, Julius B. Lucks, Stefanie A. Mortimer, Shujun Luo, Gary P. Schroth, Jennifer A. Doudna, 11028 Household and community poverty, biomass use, and air Adam P. Arkin, and Lior Pachter pollution in Accra, Ghana See Commentary on page 10933 Zheng Zhou, Kathie L. Dionisio, Raphael E. Arku, Audrey Quaye, Allison F. Hughes, Jose Vallarino, John D. Spengler, 11075 Dynamic instability-driven centering/segregating Allan Hill, Samuel Agyei-Mensah, and Majid Ezzati mechanism in bacteria Kirstin R. Purdy Drew and Joe Pogliano 11081 Protein crystallization facilitated by molecularly imprinted polymers BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Emmanuel Saridakis, Sahir Khurshid, Lata Govada, Quan Phan, Daniel Hawkins, Gregg V. Crichlow, Elias Lolis, Subrayal M. Reddy, and Naomi E. Chayen AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES β 11034 Artificial selection for a green revolution gene during 11087 Microscopic events in -hairpin folding from alternative japonica rice domestication unfolded ensembles Kenji Asano, Masanori Yamasaki, Shohei Takuno, Kotaro Robert B. Best and Jeetain Mittal Miura, Satoshi Katagiri, Tomoko Ito, Kazuyuki Doi, 11093 Using positional distribution to identify splicing Jianzhong Wu, Kaworu Ebana, Takashi Matsumoto, elements and predict pre-mRNA processing defects Hideki Innan, Hidemi Kitano, Motoyuki Ashikari, in human genes and Makoto Matsuoka Kian Huat Lim, Luciana Ferraris, Madeleine E. Filloux, See Commentary on page 10931 Benjamin J. Raphael, and William G. Fairbrother