July 5, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 27 u 10927–11298

Cover image: Pictured is a high-speed photograph of a water drop that appears almost solid and glass-like at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Ove Andersson reports ex- perimental results that suggest that pressures above 10,000 atm collapse the structure of ice at low temperatures and yield ultraviscous water at 140 K. Ultraviscous water produced in this manner has a similar structure to water at typical Earth temperatures and pressures but is about 35% denser. See the article by Andersson on pages 11013–11016. Image courtesy of Markus Reugels, freelance photographer. From the Cover

11013 Glass-like water 10952 Stroke and gene silencing 11034 Green revolution in ancient times 11069 Unraveling RNA structure 11291 Flight sensors on bat wings

Contents COMMENTARIES 10929 How hydrophobic molecules traverse the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria THIS WEEK IN PNAS Michael C. Wiener and Peter S. Horanyi See companion article on page 10121 of issue 25 in volume 108 10927 In This Issue 10931 Paleo-Green Revolution for rice Andrew H. Paterson and Zhi-Kang Li See companion article on page 11034 10933 RNA structure probing dash seq LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY) Kevin M. Weeks See companion articles on pages 11063 and 11069 E251 Intelligence differences may explain the link between childhood psychological problems and adult socioeconomic status Michael Daly PNAS PLUS (AUTHOR SUMMARIES)

E252 Reply to Daly: Childhood psychological problems still matter even after controlling for childhood BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES cognitive skills James P. Smith and Robert Joyce NEUROSCIENCE 10935 Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and E253 Uterine selection for immunocompetent offspring learning signals in brain reward circuitry Tobias L. Lenz Kyle S. Smith, Kent C. Berridge, and J. Wayne Aldridge See full research article on page E255 of www.pnas.org E254 Reply to Lenz: Parental MHC disparity may affect 10937 Transcription factor Lhx2 is necessary and sufficient to offspring fitness via uterine natural killer cells suppress astrogliogenesis and promote neurogenesis Myriam Hemberger, Ashley Moffett, in the developing hippocampus and Francesco Colucci Lakshmi Subramanian, Anindita Sarkar, Ashwin S. Shetty, Bhavana Muralidharan, Hari Padmanabhan, Michael Piper, Edwin S. Monuki, Ingolf Bach, Richard M. Gronostajski, Linda J. Richards, and Shubha Tole Free online through the PNAS open access option. See full research article on page E265 of www.pnas.org

PNAS u July 5, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 27 u iii–vii Downloaded by guest on October 2, 2021 10986 Multiscale approach to link red blood cell dynamics, QNAS shear viscosity, and ATP release Alison M. Forsyth, Jiandi Wan, Philip D. Owrutsky, 10939 QnAs with Peter H. Gleick Manouk Abkarian, and Howard A. Stone Phil Downey 10992 Measuring single-cell density William H. Grover, Andrea K. Bryan, Monica Diez-Silva, Subra Suresh, John M. Higgins, and Scott R. Manalis PHYSICAL SCIENCES 11115 Interstitial flow influences direction of tumor cell APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES migration through competing mechanisms William J. Polacheck, Joseph L. Charest, 10940 Fluid dynamics and noise in bacterial cell–cell and and Roger D. Kamm cell–surface scattering Knut Drescher, Jörn Dunkel, Luis H. Cisneros, Sujoy Ganguly, and Raymond E. Goldstein ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 10946 CD9 tetraspanin generates fusion competent sites on the 10997 Uncertainties in climate assessment for the case of egg membrane for mammalian fertilization aviation NO Antoine Jégou, Ahmed Ziyyat, Virginie Barraud-Lange, Christopher D. Holmes, Qi Tang, and Michael J. Prather Eric Perez, Jean Philippe Wolf, Frédéric Pincet, and Christine Gourier 11003 Gas uptake and chemical aging of semisolid organic 10952 Functional motor recovery from brain ischemic insult by aerosol particles carbon nanotube-mediated siRNA silencing Manabu Shiraiwa, Markus Ammann, Thomas Koop, Khuloud T. Al-Jamal, Lisa Gherardini, Giuseppe Bardi, and Ulrich Pöschl Antonio Nunes, Chang Guo, Cyrill Bussy, M. Antonia Herrero, Alberto Bianco, Maurizio Prato, Kostas Kostarelos, and Tommaso Pizzorusso MATHEMATICS 10958 Tungsten tetraboride, an inexpensive 11009 New family of tilings of three-dimensional Euclidean superhard material space by tetrahedra and octahedra Reza Mohammadi, Andrew T. Lech, Miao Xie, Beth E. John H. Conway, Yang Jiao, and Salvatore Torquato Weaver, Michael T. Yeung, Sarah H. Tolbert, and Richard B. Kaner PHYSICS 11013 Glass–liquid transition of water at high pressure CHEMISTRY Ove Andersson 10963 Designing super selectivity in multivalent nano-particle binding Francisco J. Martinez-Veracoechea and Daan Frenkel STATISTICS 10969 Measurement of radon and xenon binding to 11063 Multiplexed RNA structure characterization with a cryptophane molecular host selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer David R. Jacobson, Najat S. Khan, Ronald Collé, extension sequencing (SHAPE-Seq) Ryan Fitzgerald, Lizbeth Laureano-Pérez, Yubin Bai, Julius B. Lucks, Stefanie A. Mortimer, Cole Trapnell, Shujun and Ivan J. Dmochowski Luo, Sharon Aviran, Gary P. Schroth, Lior Pachter, Jennifer A. Doudna, and Adam P. Arkin 10974 Crystal engineering rescues a solution organic synthesis See Commentary on page 10933 in a cocrystallization that confirms the configuration of a molecular ladder 11069 Modeling and automation of sequencing-based Manza B. J. Atkinson, S. V. Santhana Mariappan, characterization of RNA structure Dejan-Krešimir Bucar, Jonas Baltrusaitis, Tomislav Frišcić, Sharon Aviran, Cole Trapnell, Julius B. Lucks, Stefanie A. Naif G. Sinada, and Leonard R. MacGillivray Mortimer, Shujun Luo, Gary P. Schroth, Jennifer A. Doudna, 11046 Structural contributions to multidrug recognition in the Adam P. Arkin, and Lior Pachter multidrug resistance (MDR) gene regulator, BmrR See Commentary on page 10933 Sharrol Bachas, Christopher Eginton, Drew Gunio, and Herschel Wade SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 11235 Detection and avoidance of a carnivore odor by prey David M. Ferrero, Jamie K. Lemon, Daniela Fluegge, Stan L. 11017 Climate related sea-level variations over the past Pashkovski, Wayne J. Korzan, Sandeep Robert Datta, two millennia Marc Spehr, Markus Fendt, and Stephen D. Liberles Andrew C. Kemp, Benjamin P. Horton, Jeffrey P. Donnelly, Michael E. Mann, Martin Vermeer, and Stefan Rahmstorf

ENGINEERING 11028 Household and community poverty, biomass use, and air 10980 Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged polymeric pollution in Accra, Ghana nanoparticles as a biomimetic delivery platform Zheng Zhou, Kathie L. Dionisio, Raphael E. Arku, Audrey Che-Ming J. Hu, Li Zhang, Santosh Aryal, Connie Cheung, Quaye, Allison F. Hughes, Jose Vallarino, John D. Spengler, Ronnie H. Fang, and Liangfang Zhang Allan Hill, Samuel Agyei-Mensah, and Majid Ezzati

iv u www.pnas.org Downloaded by guest on October 2, 2021 BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY SOCIAL SCIENCES 10940 Fluid dynamics and noise in bacterial cell–cell and cell–surface scattering PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES Knut Drescher, Jörn Dunkel, Luis H. Cisneros, 11241 Premotor functional connectivity predicts impulsivity in Sujoy Ganguly, and Raymond E. Goldstein juvenile offenders Benjamin J. Shannon, Marcus E. Raichle, Abraham Z. 10963 Designing super selectivity in multivalent Snyder, Damien A. Fair, Kathryn L. Mills, Dongyang Zhang, nano-particle binding Kevin Bache, Vince D. Calhoun, Joel T. Nigg, Bonnie J. Francisco J. Martinez-Veracoechea and Daan Frenkel Nagel, Alexander A. Stevens, and Kent A. Kiehl 11063 Multiplexed RNA structure characterization with selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension sequencing (SHAPE-Seq) SOCIAL SCIENCES Julius B. Lucks, Stefanie A. Mortimer, Cole Trapnell, Shujun Luo, Sharon Aviran, Gary P. Schroth, Lior Pachter, 11023 Centralized sanctioning and legitimate authority Jennifer A. Doudna, and Adam P. Arkin promote cooperation in humans See Commentary on page 10933 Delia Baldassarri and Guy Grossman 11069 Modeling and automation of sequencing-based characterization of RNA structure SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE Sharon Aviran, Cole Trapnell, Julius B. Lucks, Stefanie A. Mortimer, Shujun Luo, Gary P. Schroth, Jennifer A. Doudna, 11028 Household and community poverty, biomass use, and air Adam P. Arkin, and Lior Pachter pollution in Accra, Ghana See Commentary on page 10933 Zheng Zhou, Kathie L. Dionisio, Raphael E. Arku, Audrey Quaye, Allison F. Hughes, Jose Vallarino, John D. Spengler, 11075 Dynamic instability-driven centering/segregating Allan Hill, Samuel Agyei-Mensah, and Majid Ezzati mechanism in bacteria Kirstin R. Purdy Drew and Joe Pogliano

11081 Protein crystallization facilitated by molecularly imprinted polymers BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Emmanuel Saridakis, Sahir Khurshid, Lata Govada, Quan Phan, Daniel Hawkins, Gregg V. Crichlow, Elias Lolis, Subrayal M. Reddy, and Naomi E. Chayen AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES β 11034 Artificial selection for a green revolution gene during 11087 Microscopic events in -hairpin folding from alternative japonica rice domestication unfolded ensembles Kenji Asano, Masanori Yamasaki, Shohei Takuno, Kotaro Robert B. Best and Jeetain Mittal Miura, Satoshi Katagiri, Tomoko Ito, Kazuyuki Doi, 11093 Using positional distribution to identify splicing Jianzhong Wu, Kaworu Ebana, Takashi Matsumoto, elements and predict pre-mRNA processing defects Hideki Innan, Hidemi Kitano, Motoyuki Ashikari, in human genes and Makoto Matsuoka Kian Huat Lim, Luciana Ferraris, Madeleine E. Filloux, See Commentary on page 10931 Benjamin J. Raphael, and William G. Fairbrother 11099 Structure-based prediction reveals capping motifs that β APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES inhibit -helix aggregation Allen W. Bryan, Jr., Jennifer L. Starner-Kreinbrink, fi 11040 The MspJI family of modi cation-dependent restriction Raghavendra Hosur, Patricia L. Clark, and Bonnie Berger endonucleases for epigenetic studies Devora Cohen-Karni, Derrick Xu, Lynne Apone, Alexey 11105 Structure of Trypanosoma brucei flagellum accounts for Fomenkov, Zhiyi Sun, Paul J. Davis, Shannon R. Morey its bihelical motion Kinney, Megumu Yamada-Mabuchi, Shuang-yong Xu, Alexey Y. Koyfman, Michael F. Schmid, Ladan Gheiratmand, Theodore Davis, Sriharsa Pradhan, Richard J. Roberts, Caroline J. Fu, Htet A. Khant, Dandan Huang, Cynthia Y. He, and Yu Zheng and Wah Chiu

11109 Modular thermal sensors in temperature-gated transient receptor potential (TRP) channels BIOCHEMISTRY Jing Yao, Beiying Liu, and Feng Qin 11046 Structural contributions to multidrug recognition in the multidrug resistance (MDR) gene regulator, BmrR Sharrol Bachas, Christopher Eginton, Drew Gunio, CELL BIOLOGY and Herschel Wade 11115 Interstitial flow influences direction of tumor cell migration through competing mechanisms 11052 Evolution of cyclic peptide protease inhibitors William J. Polacheck, Joseph L. Charest, Travis S. Young, Douglas D. Young, Insha Ahmad, John M. and Roger D. Kamm Louis, Stephen J. Benkovic, and Peter G. Schultz 11121 Ammonia-induced autophagy is independent of 11057 Kinetic design of the respiratory oxidases ULK1/ULK2 kinases Christoph von Ballmoos, Robert B. Gennis, Pia Ädelroth, Heesun Cheong, Tullia Lindsten, Junmin Wu, Chao Lu, and Peter Brzezinski and Craig B. Thompson

PNAS u July 5, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 27 u v Downloaded by guest on October 2, 2021 11127 Smad inhibition by the Ste20 kinase Misshapen MEDICAL SCIENCES Satoshi Kaneko, Xiaochu Chen, Peiyuan Lu, Xiaohao Yao, 10952 Functional motor recovery from brain ischemic insult by Theodore G. Wright, Mihir Rajurkar, Ken-ichi Kariya, carbon nanotube-mediated siRNA silencing Junhao Mao, Y. Tony Ip, and Lan Xu Khuloud T. Al-Jamal, Lisa Gherardini, Giuseppe Bardi, Antonio Nunes, Chang Guo, Cyrill Bussy, M. Antonia 11133 Membrane fusion by the GTPase atlastin requires Herrero, Alberto Bianco, Maurizio Prato, Kostas Kostarelos, a conserved C-terminal cytoplasmic tail and and Tommaso Pizzorusso dimerization through the middle domain Tyler J. Moss, Camilla Andreazza, Avani Verma, 10980 Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged polymeric Andrea Daga, and James A. McNew nanoparticles as a biomimetic delivery platform Che-Ming J. Hu, Li Zhang, Santosh Aryal, Connie Cheung, Ronnie H. Fang, and Liangfang Zhang DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 10946 CD9 tetraspanin generates fusion competent sites on the 11175 Glycogen synthase kinase 3β-dependent Snail egg membrane for mammalian fertilization degradation directs hepatocyte proliferation Antoine Jégou, Ahmed Ziyyat, Virginie Barraud-Lange, in normal liver regeneration Eric Perez, Jean Philippe Wolf, Frédéric Pincet, Sayaka Sekiya and Atsushi Suzuki and Christine Gourier 11181 Limited or no protection by weakly or nonneutralizing 11139 Sexually dimorphic regulation of the Wingless antibodies against vaginal SHIV challenge of macaques fi morphogen controls sex-speci c segment number compared with a strongly neutralizing antibody Drosophila in Dennis R. Burton, Ann J. Hessell, Brandon F. Keele, Per Wei Wang, Bryan J. Kidd, Sean B. Carroll, and John H. Yoder Johan Klasse, Thomas A. Ketas, Brian Moldt, D. Cameron Dunlop, Pascal Poignard, Lara A. Doyle, Lisa Cavacini, 11145 A dynamical model of ommatidial crystal formation Ronald S. Veazey, and John P. Moore David K. Lubensky, Matthew W. Pennington, Boris I. Shraiman, and Nicholas E. Baker 11187 Immunoglobulin domain crossover as a generic approach for the production of bispecific IgG antibodies Wolfgang Schaefer, Jörg T. Regula, Monika Bähner, Jürgen ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Schanzer, Rebecca Croasdale, Harald Dürr, Christian 10969 Measurement of radon and xenon binding to Gassner, Guy Georges, Hubert Kettenberger, Sabine a cryptophane molecular host Imhof-Jung, Manfred Schwaiger, Kay G. Stubenrauch, David R. Jacobson, Najat S. Khan, Ronald Collé, Claudio Sustmann, Markus Thomas, Werner Scheuer, Ryan Fitzgerald, Lizbeth Laureano-Pérez, Yubin Bai, and Christian Klein and Ivan J. Dmochowski 11193 MicroRNA-155 as a proinflammatory regulator in clinical and experimental arthritis EVOLUTION Mariola Kurowska-Stolarska, Stefano Alivernini, Lucy E. 11151 Slow protein evolutionary rates are dictated by Ballantine, Darren L. Asquith, Neal L. Millar, Derek S. surface–core association Gilchrist, James Reilly, Michelle Ierna, Alasdair R. Fraser, Ágnes Tóth-Petróczy and Dan S. Tawfik Bartosz Stolarski, Charles McSharry, Axel J. Hueber, Derek Baxter, John Hunter, Steffen Gay, Foo Y. Liew, and Iain B. McInnes GENETICS 11157 Involvement of KDM1C histone demethylase–OTLD1 otubain-like histone deubiquitinase complexes in MICROBIOLOGY plant gene repression 11199 Majority of CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood of Alexander Krichevsky, Adi Zaltsman, Benoît Lacroix, HIV-1–infected individuals contain only one HIV and Vitaly Citovsky DNA molecule Lina Josefsson, Martin S. King, Barbro Makitalo, Johan Brännström, Wei Shao, Frank Maldarelli, Mary F. Kearney, IMMUNOLOGY Wei-Shau Hu, Jianbo Chen, Hans Gaines, John W. Mellors, fi 11163 Role of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-M (IRAK-M) in Jan Albert, John M. Cof n, and Sarah E. Palmer priming of immune and inflammatory responses by nitrogen bisphosphonates 11205 Rodent blood-stage Plasmodium survive in dendritic John T. Norton, Tomoko Hayashi, Brian Crain, cells that infect naive mice Maripat Corr, and Dennis A. Carson Michelle N. Wykes, Jason G. Kay, Anthony Manderson, Xue Q. Liu, Darren L. Brown, Derek J. Richard, Jiraprapa 11169 Adjuvanticity of the oil-in-water emulsion MF59 is Wipasa, Suhua H. Jiang, Malcolm K. Jones, Chris J. Janse, independent of Nlrp3 inflammasome but requires Andrew P. Waters, Susan K. Pierce, Louis H. Miller, the adaptor protein MyD88 Jennifer L. Stow, and Michael F. Good Anja Seubert, Samuele Calabro, Laura Santini, Barbara Galli, Alessia Genovese, Sara Valentini, Susanna Aprea, Annalisa 11211 Structure and function of the complete internal fusion Colaprico, Ugo D’Oro, Marzia M. Giuliani, Michele Pallaoro, loop from Ebolavirus glycoprotein 2 Mariagrazia Pizza, Derek T. O’Hagan, Andreas Wack, Sonia M. Gregory, Erisa Harada, Binyong Liang, Rino Rappuoli, and Ennio De Gregorio Sue E. Delos, Judith M. White, and Lukas K. Tamm

vi u www.pnas.org Downloaded by guest on October 2, 2021 11217 Functional genome analysis of Bifidobacterium breve 11274 Endogenous GABAA and GABAB receptor-mediated UCC2003 reveals type IVb tight adherence (Tad) pili as electrical suppression is critical to neuronal an essential and conserved host-colonization factor anoxia tolerance Mary O’Connell Motherway, Aldert Zomer, Sinead C. Leahy, Matthew E. Pamenter, David W. Hogg, Jake Ormond, Justus Reunanen, Francesca Bottacini, Marcus J. Claesson, Damian S. Shin, Melanie A. Woodin, and Leslie T. Buck Frances O’Brien, Kiera Flynn, Patrick G. Casey, Jose Antonio Moreno Munoz, Breda Kearney, Aileen M. Houston, Caitlin O’Mahony, Des G. Higgins, Fergus Shanahan, Airi Palva, PLANT BIOLOGY Willem M. de Vos, Gerald F. Fitzgerald, Marco Ventura, 11280 Reduction-oxidation poise regulates the sign of ’ Paul W. O Toole, and Douwe van Sinderen phototaxis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 11223 Acute hepatitis A virus infection is associated with Ken-ichi Wakabayashi, Yuka Misawa, Shota Mochiji, a limited type I interferon response and persistence and Ritsu Kamiya of intrahepatic viral RNA Robert E. Lanford, Zongdi Feng, Deborah Chavez, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES Bernadette Guerra, Kathleen M. Brasky, Yan Zhou, Daisuke Yamane, Alan S. Perelson, Christopher M. Walker, 11285 Diffusion model for one-choice reaction-time tasks and Stanley M. Lemon and the cognitive effects of sleep deprivation Roger Ratcliff and Hans P. A. Van Dongen 11229 Expanding the role of Drosha to the regulation of viral gene expression Yao-Tang Lin and Christopher S. Sullivan SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 11291 Bat wing sensors support flight control NEUROSCIENCE Susanne Sterbing-D’Angelo, Mohit Chadha, Chen Chiu, 11235 Detection and avoidance of a carnivore odor by prey Ben Falk, Wei Xian, Janna Barcelo, John M. Zook, David M. Ferrero, Jamie K. Lemon, Daniela Fluegge, Stan L. and Cynthia F. Moss Pashkovski, Wayne J. Korzan, Sandeep Robert Datta, Marc Spehr, Markus Fendt, and Stephen D. Liberles 11241 Premotor functional connectivity predicts impulsivity in CORRECTIONS juvenile offenders Benjamin J. Shannon, Marcus E. Raichle, Abraham Z. Snyder, Damien A. Fair, Kathryn L. Mills, Dongyang Zhang, CELL BIOLOGY Kevin Bache, Vince D. Calhoun, Joel T. Nigg, Bonnie J. 11297 Spinster is required for autophagic lysosome Nagel, Alexander A. Stevens, and Kent A. Kiehl reformation and mTOR reactivation following starvation 11246 Neurotrophin-mediated dendrite-to-nucleus signaling Yueguang Rong, Christina McPhee, Shuangshen Deng, revealed by microfluidic compartmentalization Lei Huang, Lilian Chen, Mei Liu, Kirsten Tracy, of dendrites Eric H. Baehreck, Li Yu, and Michael J. Lenardo Michael S. Cohen, Carlos Bas Orth, Hyung Joon Kim, Noo Li Jeon, and Samie R. Jaffrey DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 11252 Neural substrates of cognitive capacity limitations fi Timothy J. Buschman, Markus Siegel, Jefferson E. Roy, 11297 Tissue-speci c roles of Axin2 in the inhibition and and Earl K. Miller activation of Wnt signaling in the mouse embryo Lihui Qian, James P. Mahaffey, Heather L. Alcorn, 11256 Role of CB1 cannabinoid receptors on GABAergic and Kathryn V. Anderson neurons in brain aging Onder Albayram, Judith Alferink, Julika Pitsch, Anastasia Piyanova, Kim Neitzert, Karola Poppensieker, Daniela NEUROSCIENCE Mauer, Kerstin Michel, Anne Legler, Albert Becker, 11297 Antidepressant effects of selective serotonin reuptake Krisztina Monory, Beat Lutz, Andreas Zimmer, inhibitors (SSRIs) are attenuated by antiinflammatory and Andras Bilkei-Gorzo drugs in mice and humans 11262 Laminar differences in gamma and alpha coherence Jennifer L. Warner-Schmidt, Kimberly E. Vanover, in the ventral stream Emily Y. Chen, John J. Marshall, and Paul Greengard Elizabeth A. Buffalo, Pascal Fries, Rogier Landman, 11298 Functional agonism of insect odorant receptor Timothy J. Buschman, and Robert Desimone ion channels 11268 T-type calcium channels contribute to colonic Patrick L. Jones, Gregory M. Pask, David C. Rinker, hypersensitivity in a rat model of irritable and Laurence J. Zwiebel bowel syndrome Fabrice Marger, Agathe Gelot, Abdelkrim Alloui, Julien Matricon, Juan F. Sanguesa Ferrer, Christian Barrère, Anne ix Subscription Form Pizzoccaro, Emilie Muller, Joël Nargeot, Terrance P. Snutch, Alain Eschalier, Emmanuel Bourinet, and Denis Ardid x Classified Advertisement

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