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A Biography of Cyrus Mccormick February 15, 1809 - May 13, 1884

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A Biography of Cyrus Mccormick February 15, 1809 - May 13, 1884 A Biography of Cyrus McCormick February 15, 1809 - May 13, 1884 Cyrus Hall McCormick was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia and was the eldest son to Rober McCormick - a farmer, blacksmith, and inventor. His father worked on a horse-drawn reaping machine that would harvest grains. However, he failed at producing a working model. McCormick was known as an American industrialist and inventor. He was very talented at inventing and had invented a lightweight cradle for collecting harvested grains at a very young age. In 1831, he took over his father’s abandoned project to build a mechanical reaper. Within 6 weeks, he built, tested, refined, and demonstrated a working model of his machine. This machine features a vibrating cutting blade, a reel to bgrin the grains to it, and a platform to collect the harvest. In 1834, he filed a patent for his invention. Despite his success, farmers were not eager to adopt his invention and sales were virtually zero for a long time. During the bank panic of 1837, the family’s iron foundry was on the verge of bankruptcy. McCormick turned to his invention and spent his time improving his designs. Starting in 1841, the sales of his machine grew exponentially. This growth drove him to move his manufacturing work from his father’s barn to Chicago where he, with the help of mayor William Ogden, opened a factory. He went on to sell 800 machines during the first year of operation. McCormick faced a lot of challenges from many competing manufacturers who fought in court to block the renewal of his patent that was set to expire in 1848. McCormick lost this battle but tried to beat his competitors by outselling them. He deployed clever marketing strategies such as mass production, advertising, public demonstrations, warranty of product, and extension of credit for the farmers. His success was recognized internationally and his reaper won the Grand Medal of Honour at the Paris International Exposition in 1855. By 1856, McCormick sold more than 4000 machines per year. His factory was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire in 1871. However, with his accumulated wealth, he was able to rebuild. When he passed away in 1902, his business was still growing. The McCormick Harvesting Machine Company joined with other companies to form the International Harvester Company with his son as its first president. References [1] https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cyrus-McCormick ​ [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_McCormick ​ [3] https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/cyrus-mccormick ​ Franz Grashof 11 July 1826 - 26 October 1893 Franz Grashof was a German engineer born in Düsseldorf, Germany to Elisabeth Brüggemann and Karl Grashof. Grashof showed an interest in machines from an early age and left school at the age of 15 to work as a mechanic (or locksmith depending on the source). He then attended a trade school and finished secondary school in Düsseldorf. Grashof continued his education at Gewerbe-Institute (now the Technical University of Berlin) from 1844 to 1847 studying mathematics, physics, and machine design. In 1847, Grashof interrupted his education and joined the military to pursue a career as a naval officer. He spent several years sailing around the world before realizing that his future laid in academics. Grashof returned to the Gewerbe-Institute in 1852. After completing his education in 1854, Grashof was hired on as a professor of mathematics and mechanics. Grashof had a distinguished career and was one of the twenty-three founding members of the Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) on May 12, 1856. The VDI, also known as the Association of German Engineers, named Grashof as the director because of his reputation in science and engineering. Grashof was then named as the professor of applied mechanics and the theory of machines at the Polytechnikum in Karlsruhe in 1863 following the death of Ferdinand Redtenbacher. He stayed in Karlsruhe where he became the first to present the fundamental equations of the theory of elasticity in his three volume text, Theoretische Maschinenlehre (1871-1886). In the field of kinematics, Grashof defined a condition to determine if a link in a four-bar chain can rotate completely relative to its neighboring links. The Grashof Condition states: “If the sum of the shortest and longest link of a planar quadrilateral linkage is less than or equal to the sum of the remaining two links, then the shortest link can rotate fully with respect to a neighboring link”. A visual representation of this condition is shown below. Following his death in 1893, the VDI created the Grashof Commemorative Medal as the highest honor in engineering skills. References Straub, Johannes, ”Grashof Franz 1826-1893”, Thermopedia, dated 2 Feb. 2011. http://thermopedia.com/content/823/ “Franz Grashof”, Prabook, World Biographical Encyclopedia, Inc, dated 2020. https://prabook.com/web/franz.grashof/2445687 “Grashof, Franz”, Encyclopedia.com, An Elite Cafemedia Publisher, dated 2020. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press- releases/grashof-franz “Four-bar linkage”,Wikipedia,Wikimedia Foundation, 19 June 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four- bar_linkage#:~:text=The%20Grashof%20condition%20for%20a,respect%20to%20a%20neighbo ring%20link. !"#$%&'($)01"23$4$& 5#67"2892 @6!AA2 B8 C8@17DEC!28EB" B@F8 G932 DHC" A97@A92I2 F2971"@PCA2 93#Q"@ I77@"29B@R$S@7P$)#C! 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P6C! 9CU97@YA12"@RG $4$&7@"@I@2V@P97@{" P6"C2eCU97@|"P"@GA1}"23P@3X}! 2C TC @CU97@72B7@897C C"8 2 97@Q"@ I7YA12"@TH!9P2@PF@@a39@"R$ t$v|`6C C"TRR~XCH@"98C TYRQRC8@17DEC!28EB" B@Rtvh9"!2aTgRRC8@17DEC!28 EB" B@T6CA9@P@3`YA12"@Rstts~)$Rt&v|`X@233#T|RzRtutvvtuNts w~ )$)RtdvSCFTgREB" B@`8Yb!92C RzGWD0@"C81I@g# A2I8))&R Daniel Davis Leonhard Euler – born April 15, 1707 in Basel, Switzerland; died September 18, 1783 in St. Petersburg, Russ. For some, a master’s degree at the age of 16 and a Doctorate by 19 would be high on their list of life accomplishments. That is, unless that person had also published over 500 books and papers on topics ranging from calculus to geology, from number theory to acoustics, many of which while blind no less. Considered to be one of the most influential mathematicians to have lived, Leonhard Euler’s legacy is impossible to ignore, from Euler’s identity to today’s common function ( ( )) and summation (∑) notation. Born in 1707 in Basel, Switzerland to Paul Euler III and Marguerite Brucker, Leonhard Euler was initially on a path to the ministry, encouraged by his pastor father. However, Sunday’s spent with Johann Bernoulli steered him toward mathematics and he would earn his master’s degree comparing the ideas of Newton and Descarte before his doctorate on acoustics in 1726.
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