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Wisconsin Magazine of History ^ (ISSN 0043-6534) WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY The State Historical Society of Wisconsin • Vol. 76, No. 1 • Autumn, 1992 Wf- ^\ i THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN H. NICHOLAS MULLER III, Director Officers FANNIE E. HICKLIN, President GERALD D. VISTE, Treasurer GLENN R. COAXES, First Vice-President H. NICHOLAS MULLER III, Secretary JANE BERNHARDT, Second Vice-President THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN is both a state agency and a private membership organization. Founded in 1846—two years before statehood—and chartered in 1853, it is the oldest American historical society to receive continuous public funding. By statute, it is charged with collecting, advancing, and dissemi­ nating knowledge of Wisconsin and of the trans-Allegheny West. The Society serves as the archive of the State of Wisconsin; it collects all manner of books, periodicals, maps, manuscripts, relics, newspapers, and aural and graphic materials as they relate to North America; it maintains a museum, library, and research facility in Madison as well as a statewide system of historic sites, school services, area research centers, and affiliated local societies; it administers a broad program of historic preservation; and publishes a wide variety of historical materials, both scholarly and popular. MEMBERSHIP in the Society is open to the public. Individual membership (one per­ son) is $25. Senior Citizen Individual membership is $20. Family membership is $30. Senior Citizen Family membership is $25. Supporting membership is $100. Sustaining membership is $250. A Patron contributes $500 or more. Life membership (one person) is $1,000. MEMBERSHIP in the Friends of the SHSW is open to the public. Individual mem­ bership (one person) is $15. Family membership is $25. THE SOCIETY is governed by a Board of Curators which includes twenty-four elected members, the Governor or designee, three appointees of the Governor, a legislator from the majority and minority from each house, and ex officio, the President of the University of Wisconsin System, the President of the Friends of the State Historical Society, the President of the Wisconsin History Foundation, Inc., and the President of the Administrative Committee of the Wisconsin Council for Local History. A complete listing of the Curators appears inside the back cover. The Society is headquartered at 816 State Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1488, at the juncture of Langdon and Park streets on the University of Wisconsin campus. The State Historical Museum is located at 30 North Carroll Street. A partial listing of phone numbers (Area Code 608) follows: General Administration 264-6400 Library circulation desk 264-6534 Affiliated local societies 264-6583 Maps 264-6458 Archives reading room 264-6460 Membership 264-6587 Contribution of manuscript materials 264-6477 Microforms reading room 264-6536 Editorial offices 264-6461 Museum tours 264-6555 Film collections 264-6466 Newspaper reference 264-6531 Genealogical and general reference inquiries . 264-6,5.S5 Picture and sound collections 264-6470 Government publications and reference 264-6525 Public information office 264-6586 Historic preservation 264-6500 Sales desk 264-6565 Historic sites 264-6586 School services 264-6567 Hours of operation 264-6588 Speakers bureau 264-6586 Institutional Advancement 264-6585 ON THE COVER: Henry Culkn Adams, Congressman from Wisconsin's Second Congres­ sional District from 1903 to 1906, became embroiled in the insurgency of 1905 in the U.S. House of Representatives. An article on the controversy begins on page 3. WHi(X3) 47269 Volume 76, Number 1 / Autumn, 1992 WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY Published quarterly by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Congressional Insurgents of 1905 816 State Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1488. Robert Harrison Distributed to members as part of their dues. Individual membership, $25; senior citizen On the Road to Tokio: individual, $20; family, $30; senior A Sailor's Recollections of the citizen family, $25; supporting, Pacific War: Part II 21 $100; sustaining, $250; patron, $500 or more; life (one person), William E. Hayes $1,000. Single numbers from Volume 57 forward arc $5 plus postage. Microfilmed copies available through University Book Reviews 51 Microfilms, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106; Book Review Index 61 reprints of Volumes 1 through 20 and most issues of Volumes 21 Wisconsin History Checklist 66 through 56 are available from Kraus Reprint Company, Route 100, Millwood, New York 10546. Accessions 62 Communications should be addressed to the editor. The Proceedings of the One Hundred and Society does not assume Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting responsibility for statements made of the State Historical Society 69 by contributors. Second-class postage paid at Contributors 80 Madison, Wisconsin. POSTMA.STF.R: Send address changes to Wisconsin Magazine of History, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1488. Copyright © 1992 by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Magazine of Histojy is indexed annually by the editors; cumulative indexes are assembled decennially. In addition, articles are abstracted and indexed in Aynerica: History and Life, Historical Abstracts, Index to Literature on the American Indian, and the Combined Retrospective Index to Journals in Editor History, 1838-1974. PAUL H. HASS Associate Editors Photographs identified with WHi negative numbers are from the WILLIAM C. MARTEN Historical Society's collections. JOHN O. HOLZHUETER Vffli(X3)47274 Joseph C. Cannon of Illinois in 1904, exuding the power of his office as Speaker of the House of Representatives. Congressional Insurgents of 1905 By Robert Harrison ' '"VTDU have no idea what an grated from New York state as a child, set­ A amount of unrest and dis­ tling in Fort Atkinson and attending the satisfaction there is among the rank and University of Wisconsin. Unable by virtue file of the republican members," wrote of his physical frailty to devote himself Wisconsin Congressman Henry Cullen wholeheartedly to the family's fruit and Adams to his brother in December, 1905. dairy farming, he had entered politics in "... There is a pretty strong revolt brewing his mid-thirties, won a seat in the state against the domination of the House lead­ assembly in 1883, and had since achieved ers and the efforts to crucify every man who prominence in a variety of agricultural does not bow to the dictates of the Presi­ associations, serving as president of the dent and the Speaker of the House."' State Horticultural Society and the Wiscon­ Adams was one of a number of Wiscon­ sin Dairymen's Association and then for sin Congressmen to become embroiled in several years as State Dairy and Food Com­ an intense, and at times acrimonious, con­ missioner. Once elected to Congress in troversy during the winter of 1905-1906 1902 he continued to work for the interests over two substantively unrelated, but polit­ of Wisconsin farmers, especially by secur­ ically complementary, issues: joint state­ ing more lavish appropriations for agricul­ hood for Arizona and New Mexico, and the tural research.^ reduction of tariff duties on goods Adams prided himself on his political imported from the Philippines. The dis­ independence. "I have," he said, "been pute exposed serious tensions within the more or less an insurgent since I came kick­ Republican party in the House of Repre­ ing into the world." He declared his sup­ sentatives on the eve of the Progressive port for such progressive causes as primary revolt of 1909-1912, but at the same time elections, federal control of corporations, it also revealed many of the forces that held tariff revision, and the income tax. But by the party together. the standards of Wisconsin politics in the Henry Cullen Adams had just com­ Progressive Era, he was no radical. menced his second term as Congressman Although he endeavored to remain aloof from Wisconsin's Second Congressional from the bitter factional struggles that District, which embraced Madison. Like afflicted the Wisconsin Republican party many another Wisconsinite, he had emi­ during this period, he maintained closer ' Henry C. Adams to Benjamin Adams, December 18, '' "Henry Cullen Adams," in Allen Johnson and Dumas 1905, in the Adams Papers, State Historical Society of Wis­ Malone, eds.. Dictionary of American Biography (22 vols.. New consin (SHSW). York, 1928-1958), 1:69. Copyright © 1992 by The State Historical Society of Wisconsin All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. \«Ii(X3)472,'i,'5 Joseph W. Babcock (seated, right), probably with officials of the Necedah Lumber Company of which he was manager and secretary. From 1893 to 1907 he served in Congress. links with conservative machine politicians, more dependably regular Wisconsin Con­ like former Madison postmaster Elisha M. gressmen like Joseph W. Babcock of Nece­ Keyes ("Boss Keyes" to his enemies), than dah, for many years chairman of the with the supporters of the Progressive cru­ Republican congressional campaign com- sader, Governor Robert M. La Follette. Indeed, some of La Follette's more zealous younger followers, though without their leader's encouragement, launched a cam­ sqtiarely upon my own feet in Wisconsin politics and have refused to be dominated by Mr. La Follette or anybody else, paign to dislodge Adams from his congres­ opposing Mr. La Follette when I believed him to be wrong sional seat.' That not only Adams but also and working with him when I believed him to be right." Adams to E. D. Morse, April 13, 1906. See also Adams to E. S. Judson, November 14, 1905; to Robert M. La Follette, December 6, 1905; Elisha M. Keyes to Adams, December 6 ' Henry C. Adams, "The Insurgents," speech at the and December 16, 1905; Adams to William D. Hoard, annual dinner of the Wisconsin Association of New York December 29, 1905, and February 2, 1906; to Victor City, February 28, 1906, Adams Papers. "I have stood Kutchen, April 25, 1905, all in the Adams Papers. HARRISON: CONGRESSIONAL INSURGENTS OF 1 905 mittee, and John J.
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