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The South Caucasus: Promoting Values Through Cooperation Actes du 13ème séminaire international de recherche du Partenariat pour la Paix, tenu à Helsinki du 12 au 15 mai 2004, organisé par la branche recherche du Collège de Défense de l’OTAN en collaboration avec le Collège National de Défense (Helsinki) avec le soutien du ministère de l’intérieur finlandais. ol. No. 20 Proceedings of the 13th Partnership for Peace International Research Seminar, held in Helsinki on 12-15 May 2004, and organized by the NATO Defense College Academic Research Branch, in co-operation with the National Defense College (Helsinki) with the support of the Finnish Ministry of the Interior. THE SOUTH CAUCASUS: PROMOTING VALUES THROUGH COOPERATION THE SOUTH - V THROUGH COOPERATION CAUCASUS: PROMOTING VALUES NATO DEFENSE COLLEGE ROME, JULY 2004 0#61&'('05'%1..')' %1..')'&'&'('05'&'. 16#0 Academic Research Branch Branche Recherche 6*'5176*%#7%#575 241/16+0)8#.7'5 64*17)*%112'4#6+10 *GNUKPMK/C[ 5'/+0#44'21465'4+'50Q 'FKVGFD[,GCP&WHQWTESCPF.KQPGN2QPUCTF ,WN[ NATO DEFENSE COLLEGE NATO Defense College Cataloging-in-Publication-Data: The South Caucasus: Promoting Values Through Cooperation. Edited by Jean Dufourcq and Lionel Ponsard p. cm. (NATO Defense College Seminar Report Series) ,6%1 The views expressed in this Seminar Report Series are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the NATO Defense College, the National Defense College (Helsinki), and of the Ministry of Interior of Finland. Extracts of this Seminar for academic purposes may be quoted or reprinted without special permission, provided that a standard source credit line is included. To copy, to republish or to post on the world wide web, requires the permission from the NATO Defense College. 1'&DOOULJKWVUHVHUYHG Copies of this Seminar may be obtained direct from the NATO Defense College, Academic Research Branch Via Giorgio Pelosi, 1 - 00143 Rome, Italy Fax +39-06-50 52 57 65 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.ndc.nato.int Printing: 500 copies Printed and bound by CSC. GRAFICA s.r.l. – Via G. G. 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Our thanks go to those who contributed to the success of this event, in particular H.E. Seppo Kääriäimen, Finnish Minister of Defense, and Major General Aarno Vehviläimen, Director of the National Defense College of Finland. Special thanks are due to Mrs. Katariina Simonen, Researcher to the Finnish Ministry of Defense, for her availability and help throughout the preparation and conduct of this Seminar. In addition we appreciated the editing work of Mrs. Laurence Ammour, Publications Assistant to the Academic Research Branch, and the technical support of Mr. Sokratis Skolidis, of the Reproduction Section. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors and should not be attributed to the NATO Defense College or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The Editors Rome, July 2004 9 127('(6(',7(856 Le présent volume constitue les Actes du 13ème séminaire international de recherche du Partenariat pour la Paix, tenu à Helsinki du 12 au 15 mai 2004 et organisé par la branche recherche du Collège de Défense de l’OTAN, sous les auspices du Doyen, M. John Berry, et en coopération avec le Collège National de Défense et le ministère de l’intérieur finlandais. Nous remercions toutes celles et ceux qui ont contribué à la réussite de cette rencontre, en particulier, S.E. Seppo Kääriäimen, Ministre de la défense finlandais ainsi que le Major Général Aarno Vehviläimen, Directeur du Collège National de Défense de Finlande. Nous sommes également reconnaissants à Mme Katariina Simonen, chercheur au Ministère de la défense finlandais, pour sa disponibilité et son aide tout au long de la préparation et de la conduite de ce séminaire. Enfin, nous saluons le travail de Madame Laurence Ammour, assistante de publications à la branche recherche, sans qui ce volume n’aurait pas pu voir le jour, ainsi que l’appui technique de Monsieur Sokratis Skolidis, technicien à la branche reproduction. Les opinions exprimées ici sont celles de leurs auteurs et ne reflètent ni celles du Collège de Défense de l’OTAN ni celles de l’Organisation du Traité de l’Atlantique Nord. Les éditeurs Rome, juillet 2004 11 ,1752'8&7,21 Jean DUFOURCQ1 C’est en partenariat avec le Ministère de la défense et le collège national de défense finlandais que le 13ème séminaire international de recherche du PPP s’est tenu à Helsinki à la mi-mai. Il a rassemblé un certain nombre de spécialistes du Sud-Caucase, qu’ils viennent d’Europe, des universités américaines, du terrain ou du QG de l’OTAN. L’objet des travaux conduits à cette occasion était, en termes généraux, d’examiner comment promouvoir, par la coopération, des valeurs communes porteuses d’avenir pour le Sud-Caucase. Pour ce faire, les réflexions ont porté tout d’abord sur les problèmes régionaux et les défis à relever, aux plans géopolitiques et géo-économiques; puis ont été examinés le jeu des acteurs régionaux et l’évolution des initiatives internationales; enfin, c’est le rôle que peut jouer l’OTAN dan s le Sud- Caucase qui a fait l’objet d’un examen soigné en commun. Des débats riches et animés entre les participants, on peut relever les points suivants: Une sorte de système stratégique régional instable est constitué par les trois Etats du Sud-Caucase (Georgie, Arménie, Azerbaïdjan) et leurs trois voisins russe, iranien et turc. Intérêts communs, antagonismes résiduels et cultures diverses s’y côtoient. Au cœur de ce système relié au Nord-Est à l’Europe et au Sud au Moyen Orient, le Sud-Caucase s’apparente sans doute beaucoup plus à la structure du Maghreb central qu’à celle des Etats baltes désoviétisés à la fin de la guerre froide. Ces trois pays, concernés par l’enjeu pétrolier actuel, liés par la Géographie et l’Histoire ont toujours des problèmes d’autorité centrale, 1 Chef de la branche recherche du Collège de défense de l’OTAN, Rome. 12 de minorités et de frontières qui expliquent leurs postures et leurs engagements, notamment envers l’OTAN. Le choix occidental de la Georgie, consolidé par la récente bonne volonté russe en Adjarie, lui permet d’aborder son avenir et sa modernisation avec résolution, même si les attentes placées dans l’OTAN et l’UE semblent par bien des côtés excessives. Les évolutions internes de l’Azerbaïdjan
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