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Review the Comparative of Conceptual Humor in Poetries of Ahmad Matar and Emran Salahi

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Review the Comparative of Conceptual Humor in Poetries of Ahmad Matar and Emran Salahi INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND Special Issue CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 June 2016 Review the Comparative of conceptual humor in poetries of Ahmad Matar and Emran Salahi *Razieh Khoshzamir PhD student of Persian language and literature,University of Guilan, Iran *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract In societies rather than law, force is governed, Expose the truth, is possible only in indirectly manner. in this situation,Comics got to work and efforts To clarify thoughts and public awareness, which among them, Ahmad Matar, poet of Basra and Emran Salahi, an Iranian poet can be called. Who stood in front of adversity, and According to the exigencies of that time, wrote poetries. in fact these Poets, With all boldnes , stated criticisms about the Sick society and its disadvantages and for this reason, Has similar thoughts. this study, was a descriptive – analytical study and According to the US approach in comparative literature with Overview humor theoretical discussions, Differences and similarities were analyzed in the poems of these two poets. Eventually it was found that, Since these two poets are influenced by the political and social changes, Their humors are mainly based on political and social issues of society. Which was In the form of direct criticism and satire and ridicule. And In this way,The unfavorable aspects of human behavior to be challenged but The difference is that Matar with explicit language tells his criticism but Salahi, state social problems in the secret and hidden manner. so that identify irony in the poems of Salahi is hardly possible . Keywords: Conceptual humor, Ahmad Matar, Emran Salahi, Comparative Literature http://www.ijhcs.com/index.php/ijhcs/index Page 565 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND Special Issue CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 June 2016 1-Introduction Humor, is an art, that show imbalances in Various social arenas, which seem proportionate in outward. the art of comedian, is discovery and artistic expression of these inappropriateness. Humor in speech means taunt but Its original meaning That was previously handled, means Surgical knife. Equivalent English word of humor is satire. (Anoosheh, 2002, p.934) which derived from Satra word in Latin. That is rooted in Greek Satyrus word. Satyra was a name a bowl which Was filled of various fruits and be awarded to one of the god of agriculture. Which Means, complete foods, or combination of all thing . (Aslani, 2006, p. 140) Humor in the Arab dictionary, is defined as: Humor, means scoff and Tease others. (Ibn’manzor, 1988, p. in humor roote) But its practical terms is defined as: Humor, is poetry or prose form of expression, which will be explained At work, or speech or written. And Represents flaws and vices and vices a person or a group. Provided that Causing laughter in the reader or listener. (Al Eghad, no date, p. 26) in literature , Humor, is a certain kind of poetry or literary prose, which challenges the Errors or unfavorable aspects of human behavior, social and political corruption, or philosophical thoughts in a funny manner, in definition of irony, states that : Literary work that with using humor, inversion, anger, Review weaknesses and problems of human communities. doctor Johnson, defines humor as follows: A poem in which the folly and wickedness is censored . (Aslani, 2006, p. 41) using the humor, for droll and ironic criticism, in contemporary Persian language, has not long history. Although satire was used on Beyhaqi, and other works of ancient Persian works, But there was no use of European satire. There is no single word In Persian, Arabic and Turkish, That give this mean in three languages. Previously, Lampoon was used in the Persian language, that most has a direct critical and personal aspect. and does not have indirect aspects of satire . and Social and informative aspect. smut also used in Persian that was anti-serious, mostly has a Droll aspect.(Javadi, 2005, p.12) Sometimes, the meaning of the term, is opposed to the concept of specific item, namely In idiom, the Meaning expressed, that was contrast, of concept which verbally, expressed (Halabi, 1998, p.144). Aristotle believes that from all animals, only human can laugh.(Atieh Allah:1934,37) prerequisite of laughing, is a deeper understanding, sensible and rational from event. acumen and ability to understand the complexities, by HUMANS, and Makes him suddenly seeing contradictions between reality and between what is happening and what is expected to happen . and This paradox makes him laugh. And this humiliating laught, can be followed by correction. and be a device that poet with help of this, get a revenge from abuses. Because the language in this humiliation, is a calculated Insults that its goal, Unfold the truths and Defects Through browbeat to the insult receiver, Laugh and insult to those who their existence is an insult to humanity. is an enjoyable laugh. (Farshokh, 1989, p.13) 1-1.The irony in modern Iranian and world literature Among the poets of Iran and Rome, irony poetries of “arkhilukhos”, “hiponax”, “aristofan”, “losilus”, “huras” and “junal” is the oldest samples. In medieval literature of England, from “Canterbury stories”, the story of “jefry chaser” and “royaye pirs shokhmkar”, the story of “viliam lagland” can be mentioned . In the Renaissance “rable”, “servants”, and “loeeji pulchi” were famous humorists Today, in the world literature, The most famous satirists, are prosaist like that, “servants”, “janatan suift”, “henry filding” , “juzef adison” , “viliam tekri”, “mark http://www.ijhcs.com/index.php/ijhcs/index Page 566 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND Special Issue CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 June 2016 tuein” , “jorj urul” , “jozef heler” , “sinker luis”, “john chiver”, and “Aldus hakesly”. (Aslani, 2006, p.142)In classic literature of Persian language , Humor, existed among writers of different periods, in different forms, in Topping of these people, Abid Zakani, is father of the satire art in Persian literature . But contemporary humor, began with articles of Ali Akbar Dehkhoda. these articles published in the “Sour Israfil newspaper”, with management of Sour Israfil Jahangir, with “charand o parand” Title. charand o parand published with inspiring from prosaism of “mirza jalil mohammad gholi zade” in Comic magazine “mola nasredin”. At the same time with Dehkhoda In prose, iraj mirza and “seyed ashrafodin ghazvini”, discovered new ways In the Humorous verse .From later Humor columnist , “kiomars sabery fumani” (gol agha), “abolfazl zerooyee nasr abad”,(Molla nasredin) “abolghasem halat”, “manuchehr ehterami”, “seyed ebrahim nabav”i, “esmaeel amini”, “naser feiz”, “omid mehdi nejad”, “abdollah moghadami” , “alireza labesh" and etc can be mentioned . 1-2.Methods and types of humor A variety of literary works, that humor columnist can use them extremely high and varied. Novels, drama, poetry, etc. But methods or techniques, which used in it was limited . 1-Miniaturize 2- maximize, 3 - funny mimicry from well-known literary work . 4- Create humorous situations in the story or poem 5 -Using the same words of someone which be humorous and Create a ridiculous framework, for it. (Javadi, 2005, p.11) Humor can be briefly divided into three categories 1-2-1-phrasal Humor ( Verbal) Sometimes, tip or joke created in the mind of satirist which can be mentioned In short phrase. This type of humor, sometimes is a proverb or Sentence, which includes ironic point . 1-2-2- Thematic humor. Sometimes Theme, forms to the material and spiritual structure of work, Humorous stories in verse and prose form in Persian literature, and Allegories with elegance, travels from spectrum Including “nosh khand”, “nish khand= Sneer”, “poozkhand= Grin ”, “zahr khand= Sarcasm ” with Raillery and “laagh” and Mockery and humor and tayebat and Joke and Humorous. which have fluctuating From laught to insult, Written and verbal jokes and funny traditionary stories are in this category . 1-2-3.position Humor There is great and deep humor that can say to it the position Humor or Humorous atmosphere. This type of humor, do not rely on language game, or Ironic narratives and anecdotes, But the Spirit of humor hidden in the depths of its architecture. Situation, draws that the reader in time of passing the text, Suddenly hears laughing noises with sobs That don’t arises from phrases and allusions, But arises from architecture and atmosphere . The irony is one type of lyric poetry that has emerged after the Constitutional Revolution In Persian literature And in Arabic literature emerged in Abbasi period which was a origin of the important developments in the Arab and Persian literature . Contemporary poets in the Arab and http://www.ijhcs.com/index.php/ijhcs/index Page 567 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND Special Issue CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 June 2016 Persian literature Who choices this way in his poems, are ahmad matar and Emran salahi. Salahi is a one of poets and humorists after the revolution, He is a social poet and sometime show his dissidences, with injustice, in the form of social and political satire. his humor is cheerful. and by this,Veil removed from the face of political and social corruption, administrative and urban problems. Ahmad Matar can be known as a poet of an oppressed nation Or in other words knew The poet of all oppressed nations. and This feature requirements are, Clear, simple and free spoken, audacity and courage. Matar's humorous speech, is not satirical or nonsense, But each row and each of this , is a spicy, irony, and painful sarcasm on, the body of politics and society. But alas, that only, Wises, understand a weight of strikes. And Others are sunk in the mire of inclement community . Because of the importance of work and The effect of these two poets wor , Research in this field is necessary for everyone.
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