Experience of Peru in Building Code Implementation and Lessons From

Experience of Peru in Building Code Implementation andLd Lessons f rom th e August 2007 Earthquake Naoko Mishima United Nations Centre for Regional Development Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office Source: US Geological Survey Comppparison of Nepal and Peru Nepal Peru PltiPopulation 29, 519, 114 29, 180, 899 Area 147,181 sq km 1,285,220 sq km GDP $9.627 billion $101.5 billion (2007 est. ) (2007 est. ) Disaster type Earthquake, flood, Earthquake, land slide, land slide, drought, flood, drought, wild fi re e tc. extttreme temperat ure etc. Disaster inflicted $239.5 million $2.65 billion economic damage since 1990 Historical Earthquake Occurrence in Peru z 1970: Chimbote-Huaraz Earthquake (Magnitude 7.9) Death: 67,000 Totally collapsed buildings: over 15,000 z 2001: Atico Earthquake (Magnitude 8.4) Death: 200 Totally collapsed buildings: over 5,000 z 2007: Pisco Earthquake (Magnitude 7.9) Death: 517 Totally collapsed buildings: 56,363 Overview of Building Code in Peru z Building code was established in 1963 and enacted in the capital Lima in 1968 and in the rest of the country in 1970. z It followed revision in 1977, 1997, and 2003 following major ea rt hqua k es in an d outsi de P er u. z It applies to all new buildings and evaluation and repair of existinggg buildings. In case of non-compp,liance, buildings face demolition. z Local gg(government officers (Registered Architects and Engineers) are responsible for implementation. Issues of implementation z Illegal construction carried out without permit. z Failure of local governments to supervise construction, especially outside cities. z Ignorance of the latest building code by professionals. z Ratio of illegal buildings is high (approx. 70% in total building stock). 60% of buildings are non- engineered, 30% of which is built by the owners. Many houses are built on sand and other disaster prone soft soil. Pisco Earthquake August 2007 Composition of damaged buildi ngs Building material/structure Number of % buildings Adobe 69,946 47.57 Brick (including reinforced concrete and 66, 445 45. 19 block) Estela (knitted bamboo) 5,021 3.41 Quincha (cane pluster with mud walls) 4,382 2.98 Timber 536 0.36 Mud and stone mixture 171 0120.12 Masonry 168 0.11 Others 364 0.25 Total 147,033 100.00 Source: National Institute of Statistical Information, Peru Lessons learned from the earthquake in Peru z Some buildings were able to withstand the earthquake while others collapsed or were severely damaged. z Non-engineered buildings, particularly owner-self built houses (prevalent in adobe houses), were particularly vulnerable. z Soil quality is as important as the buildings themselves. z Failure to educate the public on building permit system leads to continued housing construction by owners. z Education of technicians is also important so that they would know the potential consequence to buildings they build if constructed without applying the building code. SENCICO (Na tiona l S ervi ce f or C apacit y D evel opment of the Construction Industry z Established in the mid 1970s. z Specia l pub lic sec to r ins titu tio n indepe n dent fr om th e central government. z Carries out activities that meet the policy objectives of the Min is try o f Hous ing, Cons truc tion an d San ita tion. z 3 major activities: - SddiStandard setting - Research - Training for professionals, technicians and engineers z Regional branches all over the country to continuously carry out its mission. SENCICO Manual on CttiConstruction These are available at the World Housing Encyclopedia website (http://www.world-housing.net/) FtFuture A gen da 1. Preventing new construction of illegal buildings is essential. Building Permit Process needs to be implemented urgently and effectively. 2. Educati on on h ousi ng saf et y for the public and technicians is essential. 3. Policy to address existing vulnerable houses is needed. Dhanya Baad! Thank you for your attention..

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