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Final Report on a Mission Carried out in Slovakia

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Final Report on a Mission Carried out in Slovakia EUROPEAN COMMISSION HEALTH & CONSUMER PROTECTION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL Directorate F - Food and Veterinary Office DG(SANCO)/7338/2004 – MR Final FINAL REPORT ON A MISSION CARRIED OUT IN SLOVAKIA FROM 8 TO 12 NOVEMBER 2004 IN ORDER TO AUDIT THE PLANT HEALTH SYSTEM IN THE POTATO SECTOR Please note that factual errors in the draft report, identified by the Slovak Authorities, have been corrected in the text of this final report. 29/03/05 – 60081 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................5 1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................6 2. MISSION DETAILS...................................................................................................6 3. OBJECTIVES OF THE MISSION .............................................................................6 4. LEGAL BASIS FOR THE MISSION AND RELEVANT LEGISLATION..............7 5. BACKGROUND.........................................................................................................7 5.1. Previous missions to Slovakia concerning potatoes..........................................7 5.2. Potato production in Slovakia ...........................................................................7 5.3. Potato trade in Slovakia.....................................................................................8 6. MAIN FINDINGS.......................................................................................................8 6.1. Plant health system............................................................................................8 6.1.1. Structure of the plant health system ....................................................8 6.1.2. Human and financial resources ...........................................................9 6.1.3. Work procedures and internal communication..................................10 6.1.4. Work planning and assessment of the institution's work...................11 6.1.5. Communication with the public ........................................................11 6.1.6. Legislation and enforcement of legislation .......................................11 6.2. Seed potatoes...................................................................................................12 6.2.1. Potato breeding and seed certification...............................................12 6.2.2. Plant health in genetic material and seed production ........................13 6.3. Potatoes other than seed ..................................................................................16 6.3.1. Production methods of ware and other potatoes................................16 6.3.2. General organisation of plant health surveys ....................................16 6.3.3. Situation regarding specific quarantine pests....................................17 6.3.4. Marketing and processing of potatoes other than seed......................21 6.4. Inspection of potato imports............................................................................22 6.4.1. Imports from Third Countries ...........................................................22 6.4.2. Imports from other EU Countries......................................................23 6.5. Laboratories.....................................................................................................23 2 6.5.1. Bratislava - Department of General and Quarantine Diagnostics Laboratory for bacteriology...........................................23 6.5.2. Department of Molecular Biology.....................................................24 6.5.3. Haniska/Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Pathogens and Laboratory for Virology and Bacteriology.................................25 6.5.4. TVO; Bratislava (Virological Institute of the Academy of Science) .............................................................................................25 7. CONCLUSIONS.......................................................................................................26 7.1. Plant health system..........................................................................................26 7.2. Seed potatoes...................................................................................................26 7.3. Potatoes other than seed ..................................................................................27 7.3.1. Handling of outbreaks in ware potato production .............................27 7.4. Laboratory analyses.........................................................................................28 8. OVERVIEW..............................................................................................................28 9. CLOSING MEETING...............................................................................................29 10. RECOMMENDATIONS ..........................................................................................29 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE REPORT Brown rot Ralstonia solanacearum CA Competent Authority C.m.s. Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EU European Union FVO Food and Veterinary Office of the European Commission IF Immunofluorescence MASR Ministry of Agriculture of Slovak Republic- Department of Plant Commodities PCN Potato cyst nematode(s) PCR Polymerase chain reaction PSTVd Potato spindle tuber viroid PWD Potato wart disease (Synchitrium endobioticum) Ring rot Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus R.s. Ralstonia solanacearum Section of Diagnostics Section for Diagnostics of Harmful Agents, Molecular Biology of Plants and Plants Pathogens 3 SPP Section of Plant Protection UKSUP Central Control and Testing Institute of Agriculture 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Slovakia is recognised by Commission Decision 2001/575/EC as being free from Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. Sepedonicus (C.m.s.); however, outbreaks of this organism and of Ralstonia solanacearum (R.s.) were reported in 2003 and 2004 in ware potatoes. The plant health system in the potato sector is well-organised and the plant protection service also has adequate staff and equipment, except in the Bacteriology laboratory in Bratislava, where a shortage of staff affected diagnostic capacity, especially in peak periods. The PPS laboratories in Bratislava and Haniska were visited. They generally follow the analytical procedures established in EU legislation. However, some technical in- adequacies were ascertained, which would affect the reliability of their results. Several instances of non-compliances were found in the management of the outbreaks in both 2003 and 2004. In most cases, there was a long delay before the results of the screening tests became available, which meant that all of the probably contaminated tubers and part of the infested tubers had been sold before precautionary measures could be imposed. This increases the risk of the two diseases being spread further. The testing of breeding material for quarantine organisms appears to be systematic and comprehensive. All domestic seed originates from tissue culture, which gives added protection against exotic viruses. All material in the gene bank has been tested for potato spindle tuber viroid and other harmful organisms. There have been no imports for trials or scientific purposes in recent years. During the certification process, each plot of pre-basic, basic and certified seed generations are tested for C.m.s. and R.s.. All fields used for the production of seed potatoes are tested, prior to planting, for the presence of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) and wart disease. In addition, the entire commercial potato production area (including ware) is tested every five years for the presence of both organisms. The PCN Globodera rostochiensis has a limited distribution; G. pallida does not occur in Slovakia (which is a protected zone for this pest). Potato wart disease was last found, in one location, in 2002. The relevant control directives for PCN and wart disease are being implemented. All producers, packers and distributors of ware and seed potatoes are registered and are subject to the obligations under the relevant EU legislation. However, labels for ware potatoes do not bear the registration number of producers. Although the Slovak authorities acted promptly and in structured way, the control measures and investigations were not fully adequate, and as a result there is a significant risk of both diseases spreading and becoming established. The risk to other Member States is low, due to the small number of ‘exports’. 5 1. INTRODUCTION A pre-mission questionnaire was sent to the Slovak competent authority in advance of the mission. The answers to this questionnaire provided an overview of plant health systems in the potato sector, and of the general health status of potato production in Slovakia. 2. MISSION DETAILS The mission in Slovakia took place from 8 to 12 November 2004. The mission team comprised of two inspectors from the Food and Veterinary Office (FVO), and one Member State expert. The inspection team was accompanied throughout the mission by representatives from the Ministry of Agriculture (MASR) and the Central Control and Testing Institute of Agriculture (UKSUP). The mission was undertaken as part of the FVO planned mission programme after the occurrence of outbreaks of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (C.m.s.) and Ralstonia solanacearum (R.s.) in 2003 and 2004. An opening meeting was held on 8 November 2004 at the UKSUP headquarters
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