CENTS A COPY. NOTICE TO READER: When you finish reading this magaz'ne place a I cent stamp on this notice, hand same to any postal employee and it will be placed in the hands of our soldiers or ptember. 1918. Vol. XVI. No. 3 sailors at the front. No wrapping—no address. A. S. BURLESON, Postmaster-General. ,76e MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE official of* offfirs F HAWAR

A Pan-Paeifie Union celebration.

Rending the Declaration of Independence on the Fourth of July In Honolulu ION the leaderst of the Pacific racer there.

HML TN CLOSED ICU 620 .M5

UNITED STATES AUSTRALASIA HAWAII ORIENT 'Am. News. Co. Gordon & Gotch Pan-Pacific Union Kelly & Walsh [Destined to be an Historic Program]

Saturday Afternoon, June 22, 1918, at the Mid-Pacific Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii The Pan-Pacific Union (An organization having for its aim the advancement of the interests of all Pacific communities) HONORARY PRESIDENTS: Ex-Governor Walter F. Frear of Hawaii; Governor C. J. McCarthy of Hawaii; Prime Minister Wm. M. Hughes of Australia; Premier W. S. Massey, of New Zealand; Hon. Wm. Cameron Forbes, Ex-Governor of the Philippines. With the The Pan-Pacific Association ENTERTAINS The Secretary of the Interior of the United States of America, Hon. Franklin Knight Lane

Informal Reception at 5:00 p. m. of the Pan-Pacific Races. Music by the Royal Hawaiian Band, and Filipino Orchestra. At 5:30 p.m. The presentation of the Pan-Pacific Flags, Mr. Lane receiving these for trans- mission to the President of the United States as a token of the loyalty of all Pacific peoples to the doctrine of international co-operation; and sent with a desire that Mr. Wilson accept an honorary presidency in the PAN-PACIFIC UNION. (National airs of Pacific nations by Royal Hawaiian Band) IN MILLS BANQUET HALL At 6:00 p. m. March into the hall, where tables are reserved for representatives of each Pacific race and for delegates from each club and association in Honolulu. (Music by Portuguese ukulele artists) At 6:30 p. m. During the banquet, motion pictures will be shown of previous Pan-Pacific Pageants, as well as films of Kilauea National Park and the Volcano. (Music by Korean Children's Orchestra) BRIEF PAN-PACIFIC ADDRESSES (Limited to seven minutes each, and each speaker introducing his successor) Hon. Walter F. Frear will pass the president's gavel to the Governor of Hawaii, Hon. C. J. McCarthy, who will introduce the Hon. Sanford B. Dole, Ex-President of the Republic of Hawaii, and representing Hawaiian-Americans Hon. Hugh D. McIntosh (Vice-President Pan-Pacific Club, Sydney) Australia Captain Peguenat Canada Dr. Dai Yen Chang The Chinese Rev. Akaiko Akana The Hawaiians Dr. Iga Mori The Japanese in Hawaii Prince Yoshihisa Tokugawa The Spirit of Japan Dr. Syngman Rhee The Koreans Rev. N. C. Dizon The Filipinos Sen. M. C. Pacheco The Portuguese The Hon. W. R. Castle Vice-President of the Pan-Pacific Union Nominating the President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, as Honorary President of the Pan-Pacific Union and the Hon. Franklin K. Lane as Honorary President of the Pan-Pacific Association. HON. FRANKLIN K. LANE America and the Pan-Pacific Movement The National Anthem.

f, glizi,./ittrifir magazittr CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD Vol. XVI. Number 3.

CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1918.

Our Art Section—The Mid-Pacific Institute - - - - 202 The Pan Pacific Union—Election of Woodrow Wilson to Honorary Presidency 217 Presentation of the Pan Pacific Flags 222 Some Pan Pacific Speeches- 225 Magazine Men of the Pacific 233 The Pan Pacific Questionnaire 237 The Chinese Red Cross 241 By Tszang Woohuan, The Story of the Philippines 245 By Frank C. Atherton Feather Work of the Ancient Hawaiians - - - - - 251 By Wm. T. Brigham, A.M.Sc.D. Japan and the Pacific 255 By Henry Staed Something of Sydney 259 By H. A. Parmalee The Javanese Mind 263 By Albert Dauer In and Around Honolulu 267 By Thomas Thrum Snake Worship in New Guinea 271 By Francis Ahearn, Milford the Marvelous Sound - - - - - - - - 275 By 7'. W. Whitson Vladivostok, the Far North City 279 California's New Trade With the East Indies - - - - 283 By John H. Gerrie The Ancient Hawaiian 287 By Professor Vaughan Maccaughey The World's Southernmost City 291 By Edward Albes Editorials 296 O'ne Mib-ilarifir Magazine Published by ALEXANDER HUME FORD, Honolulu, T. H. Printed by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd. Yearly subscriptions in the United States and possessions, $2.00 in advance. Canada and Mexico, $2.50. For all foreign countries, $3.00. Single copies, 25c. Entered as second-class matter at the Honolulu Postalice.

Permission is given to republish articles from the Mid-Pacific Magazine. a lmost every race about the great

-es sp en d t heir • .

$4;4 pi 400 ',,‘+..e,;• ,

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In 11C17,01/1 are men and youths zeho hold worlds records in athletics, many of these are today foremost in energetic preparation for duty at the front, leaving service stars be- hind as they depart. The Mountains of Hawaii have aided much in the training of lice sons for work at the front,. negotiating perilous passes makes tooth daring for the great adventure, and Hawaii is mostly mountains. A few of the young girl students at Mid-Pacific Institute, where all races of the ocean are taught co- operation and a patriotism of the Pacific. A dramatic entertainment at the Mid-Pacific Institute, be it Chinese, Japanese, Korean or Hawaiian the characters, costumes and tongues are reads, for the task. 3 1.113 ,

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fRagazittr CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD

Volume XVI. SEPTEMBER, 1918. No. 3.

Miss Lane and Secretary of Interior Franklin K. Lane ready to receive for President Woodrow Wilson the flags of the Pacific Nations from the Pan-Pacific Union.

The Pan-Pacific Union Elects Woodrow Wilson as its Honorary President Secretary Franklin K. Lane bears the Message

6/9 3) (e_ (In Honolulu, the cross roads of the Pacific, at the Mid Pacific Institute on June 22nd, 1918, Secretary Franklin K. Lane was elected president of the Pan Pacific Association and 'undertook to bear to President Wilson the flags of all Pacific nations, with the request that he act as Honorary President of the Pan Pacific Union. He spoke to some 700 men of all Pacific races in the banquet hall of the Mid Pacific Institute after receiving the flags and listening to short speeches from the leader of each Pacific race in Hawaii. Secretary Lane's remarks are printed here.) I.adies' and : the prime quality in man upon which all HIS has been an afternoon and civilization is based—the desire for an evening of great inspiration greater knowledge. I have attended T to me ; and of great enlighten- many dinners where speeches were ment; and an evening that has raised made upon questions, social, religious 218 T H E MID-PACIFIC and political, but I have never attended side and not regard each other as eter- such a dinner as this ; where men born nally born to fight each other. to speak other tongues than my own. Do you realize that there is not a man and of far different tendencies, tradition, who has spoken, representing the Pacific and spirit, speak my tongue not only countries, who does not represent men with fluency, but speak it in the spirit of at the Front ? Do you realize this sig- the highest American Christian civiliza- nificant thing? If there are any who tion. have wondered why our United States There has been no , word said that in- is at war, why is it that from Australia dicated in the slightest that this world and the South, clear around this great was made the foundation for an eternal ocean, seven thousand miles across, not contest between man and man. This is one single nation is at war on the side now the philosophy that governs in the of Germany. Every nation, from the German, if you will search deeply into United States north to the Arctic, down the causes of this war. You will find again to the South Pole, is allied with that every man who has spoken here has the United States, England, France, Por- spoken in antagonism to the German tugal and Italy. spirit; that the war itself is the out- You spoke of there being twenty or growth of a desire on the part of a few thirty races or nationalities represented men to master many men—a desire to here tonight. It is an astonishing exercise power over those who do not thing. I presume that there is but one desire that power to be exercised over other place where such a gathering them. They believe that this round could be held—not in any great city, not globe is covered with people of different in our national capital, but on the line races who must inevitably fight as ani- that faces Germany, in Prance ! There mals—fight as men long ago fought—to are the Canadian forces-500,000 of the destruction of their enemies ; that the them have gone across—and Japanese world is to be dominated by one race : sail these seas for the protection of the that there is such a thing as the "sur- Hawaiian Islands and the United States ; vival of the fittest" among men as well my visit to you certainly is made possi- as among animals, and therefore they ble by the fact that Japan has a ship in demand their place in the sun—which is this harbor, and others up her commo- dious sleeves ! China has 200,000 men power above all others ; they supreme, others dependent. They represent the in France; the Philippines—all of them man in the castle on the hillside, others —have been tendered to Uncle Sam to- representing the peasant in the but be- night ; that is their return in apprecia- low. tion for the spirit that has been shown them ; ten thousand Filipino teachers in- That is the spirit that has set the struct eight hundred thousand Filipino world on fire. That spirit no man has boys and girls today. expressed here tonight; but every man Yes, you could duplicate this gather- —Australasian, Chinese and Japanese, ing, you could surely duplicate it only Korean and Portuguese, Filipino and on that one line, where men are fighting Hawaiian—has spoken of the spirit that for a thing that is a thing of the air, is born out of the religion that you taught that is a thing that comes out of the here long ago, which seems to have got- emotions of man, a thing upon which is ten into your blood — the spirit of the based not mere food, not industry, not Golden Rule—that men may live side by all the grosser and the baser sides of THE MID-PACIFIC 219

The flag of New Zealand carried by a dozen Maori men and maids. ourselves, but the spiritual things of life ; seen, to make of this world a healthier things like honor, like self respect, like and cleaner place by the destruction of an unwillingness to be dominated, the a spirit that is at best a false belief, and things for which they stand—these the sacrifice upon the altar of the spirit things of the air ; that are as undefina- of Christ himself. 'rile as the spirit of Joan of Arc, that the You, in these islands have much to boys see floating above the trenches. thank the outside world for. They were Things of the spirit, these are things for almost a waste when the missionaries which we fight ; because our homes are came. There was plenty of what there threatened ; because that spirit of terror- was, but there was little variety, and ism that marched across Belgium and much of the beauty that you see today into France ; that spirit that for a hun- has been borrowed from other lands. dred and fifty miles put a baby's skull The Hawaiian Islands (like every real by the roadside out of Poland every fifty human being) have taken from others feet ; that spirit that made the children much that makes them great and strong. of Belgium scavengers ; that spirit that They are not merely an outgrowth of would terrorize and dominate mankind, themselves—an expression of something and make them feel that all of the hor- that was inherent, but as you go around rors of hell had been turned loose upon this great ocean, you will see that each them. That spirit has been met with an- country, almost, has given to these isl- other spirit representing our men of ands, something of itself which has high minds and ideals, who love their helped to make them supremely beauti fellows and are willing to fight for their ul. fellows—men whom they have never It is right that this should be called 220 THE MID-PACIFIC the "Cross-roads of the Pacific ;" it is that which is around him—which makes right that you have Mr. Alexander of each human being a new species ! And Hume Ford and the Pan-Pacific Union unless that's so, our religion is wrong. here—a Union of America and Austra- We are not fighting for ourselves in this lasia and Asia—because this is a place war. We are fighting for so many hu- created by all the lands that surround man beings, each one of whom has with- this group of islands. Australia has in himself power to make himself, pos- given the eucalyptus ; India her banyan ; sessing a Will ; he must be regarded as China the acacia; Japan the slender and distinctive, and treated not as one of a graceful bamboo ; Canada the spruce, mass but as an individual. That is the and America her—mesquite ! No one foundation of the philosophy that we should laugh at the mention of the mes- represent. There is an expression of quite, for I know nothing that so truly the spirit of democracy. There is the represents the practical and beautiful reason why we cannot accept the spirit side of the United States than that same of Germany (that must move forward in Algaroba. It is food for the animals, a body and impress "kultur" upon man- and it gives beauty and satisfaction to kind). Men move forward as indivi- man's eye, if we are not esthetic; it is duals, influenced above and below, but not the acacia of China—we almost ask we are climbing—you and I, you and that with that herbage shall come a the greatest men of the world are climb- bean that is a benefit. So you are in a ing upward, climbing upward because sense composite; that is to say that you we have within ourselves a mystical have been in part created, and largely hankering after something higher. by the outside world. Now all of these You know China, you know Japan, trees are brought together in the Ha- you know that old world from which waiian islands. Does Americanization we all came, and something of the rising mean that because all of these trees are nations. You have glimpsed something brought here, there must be a common better than what you had, and if you are tree created by the union of the bamboo wise you will follow the policies and the banyan, the eucalyptus and the preached here tonight—not the policies spruce? Must you all turn into one preached for half a century and more form in order that there may be such a in Germany. We have common ene- thing as an all-pervading Americaniza- mies all about us, and these enemies are tion ? Does the same rule of science ap- not each other. We have not mastered ply to men that applies to these trees ? this globe yet. We have our ships in We can never hope to cross the bamboo the air now, and under the sea. The and the eucalyptus ; the mesquite and last of the great elements has become the cactus, and make one new species pliable in our hands, but there remains out of all. That's so of the countries, on earth all the enemies that have taxed but is it true of the men? I think not. and will tax man's ingenuity for all I think that there is put in man by God time. They are his little enemies. We something that the tree does not possess ; have done more in fifty years to fight that the tree is itself and must be itself, man's little enemies, than has been done and each species lives by itself under a in all the preceding years of the world's definite rule, but that in man there is a history, and we are only beginning now power of Will, a power of adaptation, a to learn that it is possible to take lands power to change himself, a power to believed to be almost valueless, and turn blend intellectually and spiritually with them into rich pastures where ' happy THE MID-PACIFIC 221

The emblem of Japan. silken banners especially prepared for transmission to President Wilson.

people thrive ; because man is discover- I do not know that there is a word ing that his enemy is not his fellow man, that needs to be said to you regarding but the microbe. We have just learned this war. But let me say that we are where many of our diseases come from. determined upon its prosecution by all It is only twenty years since we discov- ered why many of the people around this the physical force that the United States globe—especially near the Mediterra- can bring to bear. We have been long nean and in Mexico—were so lazy and in making ready, but we have made idle. It came from disease.. Science is ready now upon a scale that was not finding these things out. She is to com- conceived of in the past. We have been bat in this world the enemies of man- strong in the presentation of prospec- kind, and this war in which we are en- gaged in Europe will be the last war in tuses which promised more than was which man will regard it as his chief immediately realized, but all of our purpose to turn a scientific brain to the western country is strong in that re- development of the devilish machines for spect. But we will make good ! We the destruction his fellows. The mind have accepted the challenge of the "other of man must be given up to seeking out side" and this thing will not end until the enemies of man, and we shall regard it ends by the recognition of the fact as enemies of man those who wish to that the spirit that you have expressed impress upon us a military system, and tonight is the spirit that must guide the . teach man the doctrine that we thought world ; that the man of the hillside is not we had discarded—that man was to be to be its master, but that, there must be controlled by force rather than by char- some humanity in the human heart if acter. we are to live together. The flags of the Latin American States bordering on the Pacific, lead by the emblem of the Pan-American Union, designed by a descendant of Betsy Ross who made the first American flag.

From the Commercial Advertiser of June 23, 1918 The Presentation of the Pan- Pacific Flags (A ceremony inaugurated by Hawaii's late Ex-Queen Liliuokalani)

The spirit of Pan-Pacifism which has As the concluding part of a long but been the dominant guiding influence in interesting presentation by racial repre- the peaceful conduct of the lives of the sentatives of all Pan-Pacific countries many nationalities dwelling upon the and islands, and of many speeches by Hawaiian Islands, the outward symbols representatives of those races, wherein of which in flags, racial costumes and the Secretary of the Interior found his peoples born Upon lands in and bor- inspiration for one of the most stirring dering on the Pacific Ocean, were dis- and intellectual addresses it has been played to Franklin K. Lane, Secretary the fortune of Honolulans to hear, Sec- of the Interior, late yesterday afternoon t etary Lane's address carried a message and evening at the Mid-Pacific Institute, to the people of Hawaii from the ad- and this was seized upon by the repre- ministration at Washington giving the sentative of President Woodrow Wilson reason why America is engaged in the as the keynote of his address that fol. war against the common Hun enemy, lowed. and asking for continued loyalty and 222 THE MID-PACIFIC 223

The-flag of the Pan-Pacific Union, designed by Gordon Usborn, to lead the Red Cross flag, and to be presented in its stead to the President of the United States. sacrifice here in Hawaii to help bring dency of the Pan-Pacific Association the war to a close. upon Secretary Lane, both nominations being put to the great gathering in The peculiar situation in Hawaii as the "melting pot of the nations," where Mid-Pacific Hall by Hawaii's new gover- so many races dwell in peaceful relations nor, and that in these two acts the Pan- caused Secretary Lane to draw a paral- Pacific movement, at first confined to Honolulu and then spread around the lel that, as these races were engaged in breaking down race prejudice here and Pacific, should take its place in the ad- crushing national selfishness among these ministration activities at Washington. various peoples, so were nearly all the The selections of these two great Ameri- nations of the world from the Arctic to cans for honorary positions of _what was the Antarctic all allied in the trenches termed last evening the "most unique of France, with England, France, Bel- organization in the world," met with the gium, Portugal and Italy against the unanimous and enthusiastic vote of common arch leader of selfishness, and every person present. not a single nation within the entire As this was the decennial anniversary Pacific region was alongside Germany. of the founding of the Pan-Pacific Movement, and a triumph for Pan- Wilson Heads Pan-Pacific Pacific ideals, when the name of Alex- It was fitting to have conferred upon ander Hume Ford, its founder, was men- President Woodrow Wilson the nomi- tioned, it was greeted with prolonged nation for the honorary presidency of applause. the Pan-Pacific Union, and the presi- Commencing with a Pan-Pacific 224 THE MID-PACIFIC

pageant and the presentation of flags of republics, each represented by a senorita all nations in and bordering upon the in typical Spanish dress. Pacific, to Secretary Lane, who with As the band played Hawaii Ponoi, Mrs. Lane and daughter, Assistant Sec- eight Hawaiian girls, led by Miss Wai- retary of the Interior and Mrs. Brad- waiole, carrying the flag of Hawaii nei, ley, Special Agent and Mrs. Lathrop and each wearing leis, caused genera; Brown, Glenn Shaffer, the Secretary's applause particularly when behind them secretary, Governor McCarthy, and all came three prancing steeds carrying of Hawaii's former governors except Mrs. Steele as a Hawaiian pa-u riders, the one just retired, were occupying seats Captain Robert Parker as a Hawaiian of honor upon the broad steps of the horseman of seventy years ago and Mid-Pacific Institute, and concluding Captain Mokumaia as a rider of the with the dinner within the building, the golden days of Kalakaua's reign, wear- function was one of the most important ing white and a red sash, both dashing yet given in Hawaii in honor of the dis- vapueros. tinguished cabinet officer. Then came Australia, led by a beauti- All the flags will be taken to Wash- ful girl robed entirely in white and fol- ington by Mr. Lane and presented to lowed by those representing each of the President Wilson from the Pan-Pacific states. China was represented by wo- Union, and because of these flags he men garbed in old-style robes and girls is expected to accept the honorary presi- wearing the most chic of modern Ameri- dency. can gowns, the flag being carried by C. K. Ai, a leader of the Chinese colony. Pageant Was Colorful The Japanese section was a surprise, It was a strange, colorful, bizarre for but one member wore the Japanese pageant which unfolded, nation by na- national costume, all the girls wearing tion, before the cabinet officer. First white American dresses. As stated later across the lawn came a troop of little by Dr. Mori at the banquet the young folk, twenty-three in all, each one of a people are thoroughly American and al different race and each wearing the dis- most refused to wear Japanese garb. tinctive costume of the country of their The Korean with their quaint cos- forefathers, headed by a diminutive Chi- tumes, Filipino women wearing their nese lad dressed as Uncle Sam. and it picturesque and dainty national cos- was fitting that when the American Flag tumes, girls of Portugal in the colorful was borne up the steps it should be by an costumes of Madeira, woolly haired American lad and his minuet court, all Fijians wearing tapa, Marshall Island- garbed in the dress of George. Washing- ers, Malays and Britishers, all presented ton's time. The flag of Alaska, borne by flags, the last group being girl represen• Boy Scouts, was accompanied by a seal. tatives of all races carrying the Red Canada's flag was borne by as many- Cross flag. girls as there are provinces in the Do- The banquet served later was inter- minion. The Washington and Oregon esting throughout. The speakers each state flags were presented by girls in gave constructive thought touching upon white. As the California bear flag came Pan-Pacific ideals and the hopes and into view a smile broadened upon the aspirations of each nationality while Secretary's face, for it was his own state, dwelling in Hawaii under the common by adoption. Then came Mexico and flag which all said their people loved then Colombia, followed by all the Latin and respected. The flags of California and Oregon. The only other flag of Oregon is in the State Capitol vault at Salem, Oregon. This one is presented by the daughters of Oregon in Hawaii, . to President Wilson.

Some Pan-Pacific Speeches In response to which Secretary Franklin K. Lane accepted the Presidency of the Pan-Pacific Association.

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(At this meeting, immediately following the inauguration of Col. C. J. McCarthy as Governor of Hawaii, he was made acting president of the Pan Pacific Union, a position even in honorary form that only the head of a Pacific government may hold. President Wilson was elected an honorary president and Secretary Lane was inaugurated as president of the Pan Pacific Association. For ten years as Governor of Hawaii and after, Hon. Walter F. Frear had headed the movement, yielding the gavel to the new president during the banquet.)

President Walter F. Frear opened the more and more evident as the years go meeting with a few remarks : by. About its vast shores live two- HALF century, even a century thirds of the world's population, and it ago, it was predicted by a few can be truly said that these millions of A great thinkers that some day peoples are now pulsing with the vigor the Pacific would be the theater of the of rejuvenation. And it is all impor- world's greatest activity. That these tant that as these peoples grow even predictions were well founded and not greater in numbers, and more and more mere thoughtless surmises, is becoming share in industrial and commercial en-

225 226 THE MID-PACIFIC

terprises, the competition that is sure to president of this orgainzation that he has increase in intensity should be charac- not died, but after tonight it cannot be terized by friendly rivalry and frank said that he has not resigned. The Pan- statesmanship, so that any such awful Pacific Union is now entering upon a tragedy as is now being enacted on the new and greater program of activities, opposite side of this globe, shall never and I feel that it should have new blood be staged on this side; and so that the at the helm, and to whom could the Pacific shall ever remain true to its gavel be handed more fittingly than, to name. the man who has been selected by our We believe that this must be accom- distinguished guest and with such unan- plished mainly through a more complete imous approval and general satisfaction commercial understanding ; we believe to the people of this Territory, to be our that such understanding must be brought Governor? And so it falls to his lot to about through intermingling of knowl- be the victim of a double inauguration edge and ideas. We believe that Hawaii this day—Governor of Hawaii and pres- is the logical place for such interming- ident of the Pan-Pacific Union. Inci- ling ; the most natural trysting place for dentally I wish to advise him not to re- the peoples of the Pacific, and it was for sign the latter office for ten years—as I this need of more complete and further did not. At the same time I take the cultivation of the spirit of brotherhood opportunity on behalf of this large rep- of man, especially among the races of resentation of all elements of this Ter- this community and about the great Pa- ritory, to extend to him our most sin- cific, that the Pan-Pacific Union, and its cere congratulations and our best wishes predecessor , the "Hands-Around-the- for his success in both capacities. I will Pacific," were organized. It is to pro- now hand the Governor a Fijian club— mote the spirit of Get-together ; the the gavel of our new president. It has Hands-Around spirit; the spirit of Co- been suggested by some of those around operation. me that it might be well to use it on any This is the Decennial of the move- speaker that talks too long. ment. Already much interest has been Governor McCarthy arose, amid thun- developed among the lands of the Pacific, derous applause and cheers : mainly through the untiring energy and "By the acceptance of this club, I have devotion of its moving spirit, Mr. Alex- become the president of an organization ander Hume Ford. Much has already which I think is the most unique of any been accomplished locally. Frequent in- in the world. Where in any part of this ter-racial gatherings, somewhat like this great sphere could 'you find such a gath- one, have been held, often honored by the ering as we have here tonight ? We have participation of distinguished visitors representatives, I believe, of every race from different parts of the Pacific, but in the world. There is no other place on no occasion more so than by the where they could come together as in presence of the distinguished guest of our little "cross-roads" islands of the tonight—Honorable Secretary Franklin Pacific. K. Lane, and to him, in whose official "Somebody had to colonize or com- charge this Territory is committed, we mence the civilization of these islands, extend on this occasion our warmest and and from the efforts of the early Amer- most cordial welcome ! ican missionaries we now have our pres- It is said that officials seldom die and ent civilization. I wish to present to never resign. True, it can be said of the you this evening as the next speaker, THE MID-PACIFIC 227 one who does not require any introduc- support it by intelligent action, the fact tion. He is a descendant of one of the that we are a small nation will not make early missionaries who taught our peo- any difference i nthe effect it will have." ple to read and write. I take pleasure "This friendship of Hawaii for Amer- in presenting the Honorable Sanford B. ica was due to the kindness of the latter, Dole, the only President of the Republic and reliance of the Hawaiians on the of Hawaii, the first Governor of the United States. But Hawaii was hos- Territory of Hawaii, and one who is pitable to all corners. All nations bor- known by fame wherever the word 'Ha- dering the Pacific have come to these isl- waii' is heard." ands and been made a part of the Ha- waiian family. The Pan-Pacific Move- Sanford B. Dole. ment was born right here in the Hawai- Judge Sanford B. Dole, ex-President ian Islands." of the Republic of Hawaii, and ex-Gov- Mr. R. 0. Matheson, editor of the ernor of the Territory, said in part : "Pacific Commercial Advertiser," was "It seems to me that the Pan-Pacific introduced by ex-President Dole, and Union is doing the work that our Allies spoke very briefly as follows : should have done, and will probably do, "I rise as spokesman for the great after the war. There is no doubt that commonwealth of Australia. It was for the Pacific, Honolulu is the logical in Australia that the promoters of headquarters of this movement. Hawaii this movement received their first is certainly located—the half-way house real, solid encouragement. The states- between the countries of the Pacific, and men of the Commonwealth took a convenient and desirable place for con- the ideals .and plans of the Pan ferences on this great subject. There is Pacificwork very seriously, and as you no reason why the Golden Rule should know they have sent here very substan- not apply to nations as well as to in- tial exhibits, and have done a great deal dividuals, and if we can—by the exercise to make possible what has been done. of reciprocity, of fair dealing—develop Premiers and high officials of Australia. such a sentiment among the people of the in passing through Honolulu, have al- Pacific Ocean, it will be a wonderful in- ways spent part of their time in going fluence towards peace. over plans for further Pan-Pacific work, "The very fact of associating or of en- and have been unanimous in pledging tertaining the men from Japan, front the support of their country to its ef- China, Australia, or from the mainland , forts." of getting them together here, having Captain Peguenat, representing Cana- them meet each other; that alone con- da, was introduced by Mr. Matheson. tributes to the favorable consideration "I am mighty proud and thankful to among them of the rights of one another. have been called upon' to represent a Commercial acquaintance is a great thing little country called CANADA. There toward commercial good feeling. are mighty things coming from that "The importance of a nation does not country of ours, and they have chosen depend upon the number of acres, but one of your own great men, Secretary upon its public sentiment—the expres- of the Interior Lane, from that country. sion of the community, and every man I came from that little country north of has some responsibility in regard to it . the United States, with her seven mil- and if we can develop a strong, clear lions—no, not quite, for there are 500,000 public sentiment in regard to Union, and of them on the Western front. 228 THE MID-PACIFIC

We have a boundary line extending in 1862, under the reign of Kamehameha from the Pacific to the Atlantic of 4,000 III, bade 'aloha' to the first Chinese im- miles, and it is very remarkable that migrants landing' on these peaceful along that entire boundary line we have shores, the relationship of the Chinese not a fort, a gun, a soldier, nor a man- people, first with the Hawaiians and the o'-war, and thank God and America, we missionaries, and then with the other never will have need of such. I wish wd races in Hawaii, have been only cordial, could say, and I think we will be able friendly, and brotherly. Today, we find to say in the next few months, that that Chinese blood mingled with the blood of same spirit of peace and quietness is most of the races in Hawaii, and this, we going to exist the world over as exists claim, is one of the reasons why we have here today. I have been mightily im- this great and harmonious relationship pressed, more so since visiting these among the races here. beautiful islands, what unity means. "Since the Pan-Pacific Movement had Here we have all races and peoples of its inception some ten years ago, the all nations living in peace and quietness, Chinese have taken an active and very and I can see wonderful possibilities for wide interest in it. This is not an age this to spread entirely around the Pa- of theorizing, but of action. Knowledge cific, and around the world ! is spreading from nation, to nation. The "I am mighty glad and thankful that Chinese people cannot remain idle spec- that country of ours has shores on this tators, for we feel that we are connected great and mighty water, and you can with the progress of the world and other count on Canada backing you to the nations by ties that are not easily sev- limit in this great project." ered. We have tried in every way to Dr. Dai Yen Chang, introduced by co-operate with the other nations. We Captain Peguenat, spoke for the Chinese are anxious to learn, and just as anxious as follows : to show others what we can do. I do "I bring to Mr. Lane, our Secretary of not always admit that the Occident is the Interior, and members of his party, right. We have ideas of our own. As the very warm greetings of the Chinese a humorous example, I remember some community of this Territory. I also few years ago, a party of Americans bring to our new Governor the congrat- were touring the Orient, and among ulations of my people upon his inaugura- other things were looking for corn med- tion. this day. We understand that Mr. icine. They finally reached China, but Lane is here to untangle the land prob- were told that they couldn't get any such lems of this Territory ; he may have medicine there, because the Chinese come here to investigate other problems never had need of it. as well ; but I can safely and frankly say "Some twenty-five centuries ago our that Mr. Lane did not come to untangle great philosopher, Confucius, believing the race problems of these islands, for that the shore lines of China proper were the simple reason that we have no race the shore lines of the world, preached problems here—with one exception at the doctrine that 'all men within the four the present time, the contemptible Huns seas are brothers.' What a wonderful and their sympathizers. Paradise this world would be if it could "The people of all races and shades from white to black, live here in peace be so. Is it possible? Those of us who and harmony. This is particularly true are interested in this Pan-Pacific Move- in regard to the Chinese of this terri- ment, those of us who are willing to tory. Ever since the Hawaiian people learn from others, believe it is possible. THE MID-PACIF•IC 229

"We believe Hawaii to be the logical of us, but we feel very sure that with center for such a movement; the logical this program, and with what we are en- center of a Pan-Pacific College, where deavoring to do at the present time, we the people of the different nations can are going to make of ourselves a vital be brought together and learn from each element in the life of this territory, and other, so that the first steps toward in- that we are going to adhere to that spirit ter-racial understanding and brother- with which you found us possessed al- hood may be brought about ; and only most a hundred years ago." with inter-racial understanding can we Dr. Iga Mori was introduced by Rev. have peace in the world. More com- Akana, and spoke as follows, for the Jap- plete and better inter-racial understand- anese: ing in Hawaii, means better inter-racial Mr. Toastmaster, Honorable Secretary understanding in America and around Lane and the Members of the Visiting the Pacific Ocean, and better inter-racial . Party : understanding entirely around the Pacific On behalf of the Japanese residents means better inter-racial understanding in Hawaii I have been assigned the and people in the entire world, and the pleasant office of welcoming you here. dawn of a lasting universal peace !" It is our delight and pride, indeed , to Rev. Akaiko Akana, representing the receive you here at this time when Hawaiians, was introduced by Dr. our first thought and attention is Chang, and said in part : for the terrible war. We welcome "I can only dwell on what the Hawai- you here to the isles of green, ians are planning and trying to do, as sunshine, peace and harmony because of their contribution to the life of Hawaii your office. Your mission here, nv Nei. The question before the Hawaian doubt, is in the interest of the people Protective Association today is a ques- on the Islands as well as for the gen- tion of what place the Hawaiian race eral welfare of the country. should occupy, and what their conduct We are grateful for the full assur- should be toward the other races. We ance given to us of our safety and hap- wish to give the very best that we have piness in Hawaii because of the power to this community, and in turn wish to and the glory of this wonderful country grasp what we can of the best of each of which you are an official representa- of the other races represented in Ha- tive. waii. I feel that we have an opportunity After the present conflict it is antici- of making our race one of the strongest pated that the center of world civiliza- elements of the cosmopolitan life of this tion will be shifted to the Pacific. The territory, and this is as it should' be. We Pacific, then, will claim the former glo- are trying to learn, and observe, and as- ries of the Atlantic and the Mediter- similate within our very life the best that ranean. The most grave and responsi- the other nations have to offer. We are ble tasks rest upon the Pacific countries trying to gather from the Chinese, their for founding of a new enlightenment. honesty ; from the Americans, aggres- Amidst of this great ocean we in Ha- siveness ; from the Koreans, strong and waii are so placed as to test a new ex- deep devotion ; from the Japanese, the periment of all races working together great imitative power ; from the British, in a spirit of sympathy and co-operation the bull dog's grip which characterizes and in a perfect harmony. that race ; from the French, a refined We had the honor a few moments sense of taste and of the beautiful. ago of presenting you our emblem, We shall have a hard struggle ahead which has been specially designed for 230 THE MID -PACIFIC this occasion. Its design and execution each one of us a most unique and splen- may not have been all that could be did opportunity to understand one an- wished for, but we are happy in present- other better than ever. We have acted ing it as a simple but sincere token of and are acting together and working for our appreciation for your visit and for one great aim to produce the same re- your government. In connection with sult. And we have attained a unity in this little ceremony, I wish to refer to a work and as a result a psychological small, but which to me appears to be a unity which is the fundamental for the significant fact. At the suggestion of advancement of a community or of a na- our Mr. Ford, the ever-active secretary tion. We are most happy to see this of the Pan-Pacific Union, we have tried very fact manifested before us and to to have Japanese girls born here appear present this to you, which we hope you in Japanese kimonos and perform the will take back to Washington with you. ceremony. But to our great regret we People tell us that Hawaii is a won- failed to have them as suggested simply der land, a land of beauty and smiles, because they would not care to appear and we are very proud of it. At the in Japanese garments. Then likewise cross-roads of the Pacific, however, we we approached our boys. But they, too, feel it is our duty that we unite our ef- would consent only if they were allowed forts and energies for the progress, pros- to appear in their trim khaki uniforms o f perity and peace of the Pacific and the the Boy Scouts. In fact, the children of world at large. Japanese descent are more American We bid you welcome again for you than Japanese, as, indeed, they ought to are here for a most worthy cause for be, in thought, in language and in man- the good of the people of this Territory flys. and of the country. In Liberty Loan campaigns for three We sincerely hope that your visit here successive terms and in drives of recent has been enjoyable as well as profitable. date for the Red Cross, War Savings Dr. Mori introduced the next speaker, Stamps and in participating in the Ter- Dr. Syngman Rhee, as "representing ritorial Fair and all other patriotic func- our Korean brothers." tions of the country, the spirit of unity Dr. Rhee said in part : and co-operation of all races and na- "Just a word of sincere and cordial tionalities with enthusiasm and sincerity greeting from our Korean people. We de- has been manifestly shown in most re- desire to express our sincere welcome and markable manners. While our brave `aloha' to• the honored guest of this soldiers are engaged in a gigantic strug- evening. It has been of regret to us gle "over there" for humanity, we at that we have not had the opportunity of home are creating a new national and showing him our real Korean hospital- social dynamic for the coming age. ity and expressing to him our 'aloha,' In thought life we may have things that simple,. charming Hawaiian word, in common, but the mode of thinking characteristic of the welcome coming to being different by reason of tradition and my lips as it does coming from the many long history, we often misunderstand warm hearts of our people here in each other or, rather fail to comprehend Hawaii. The theme of this evening is each other completely. But of late in the Pan-Pacific Union, and I am glad national movements all races alike have and proud to say that I am a Pan-Pacific been called forth to act for one cause man. Like many others, I was not par- and for one purpose. This has given ticularly enthusiastic over the move- THE MID-PACIFIC 231 ment at the beginning, probably because to receive.' If every nation would 'give it was so broad in its scope that I could in' sometimes for the good of other na- not readily grasp it. Gradually I began ations, then there would be peace. I to understand what it means, and I am wish that each of us here tonight might now happy to say that I am heart and carry this message with us, that through soul in sympathy with this great move- this great movement we can spread the ment. spirit of brotherhood preached by Con- "We Koreans are proud of our ex- fucius, as Dr. Chang has said, 'Within president (and ex-governor), who has the Four Seas, all are brothers'." served so faithfully for ten years, and Rev. N. C. Dizon spoke for the Fili- are proud of our new governor and pinos as follows : president, whom we hope will serve for "A few minutes ago we had the privi- the coming ten years. I want to joir lege of presenting the Filipino flag. We Dr. Dai Yen Chang, of the Chinese, in Filipinos thought that the American flag extending to him our hearty congratu had come to the Philippines to further iations, and wishes of success. oppress us, as we had been oppressed "We have no race problem here, and for three centuries, but now we under- it is a source of constant joy to us to stand the American flag and its mission realize that in this time of world-war, in our islands, and we offer to you the there is at least one spot in the world entire Philippines to fight against the where all men may come and meet with Kaiser and his horde. other men in such a happy way as we "You know the aspirations of the Fili- do here in Hawaii. Having no race pino people for the last two decades. problem does not mean, of course, that We want to have our liberty; and no one's feelings are ever hurt, but thz. America is willing, I know, to give it. beauty of it is that all of us here feel. especially the greatest president she has that as long as we have to live with ever had. He is the incarnation of others here, we might as well live in Democracy — he writes it, he lives it. peace. He is willing to let the Filipino people "Several years ago, while touring the have their liberty. Then why is it not 'Big Island' of Hawaii, I visited an given them? Simply because of the ancient ruin, called the 'City of Refuge.' selfishness of the colonizing countries, Here in the old days, one who had just the opposite from the spirit which broken the tabu and was in danger of the Pan-Pacific Union is trying to in- losing his life, could come, and be safe still in the hearts of men — the spirit of from his pursuers. It occurred to me friendliness and understanding. We then that we might make the entire Ter- can never have submarines, air-ships and ritory of Hawaii a 'City of Refuge,' armies in the Philippines. If we do get where peace, prosperity, and protection cur independence, we must always be might be extended to all. And not only one of the 'weaker' nations. We shall this Territory, but all the lands about look for friendliness and brotherhood the great Pacific Ocean, making it true from the other nations. We are nearly to its name—an ocean of peace, and a all laborers here in Hawaii ; we have blessing to all nations and all creeds: I been accused of so many crimes, that join Mr. Akana, in saying that we must we are looked at askance by many. But try not only to gain from others, but we are trying to do our best, and you to give to others, and it seems to me who believe in Christianity, who believe that it is 'far more blessed to give than in helping those that are weak, we ask 232 THE MID-PACIFIC you to help us. We will try our best ies found a band of chiefs and a people to do our part to make Hawaii better of superior intellectual caste, and it was because we live in it. not long before the Hawaiian people had "Honorable Secretary Lane, I ask assimilated much that the missionaries that you lay our hearts before the Presi- endeavored to teach them. They learned dent of the United States. Tell him of the equality of man, and the duty o f that we are all for him, until his promise the people of this country to receive to us is redeemed." those of other nations which might come Mr. M. C. Pacheco then spoke for here, and to treat them with a justice the 24,000 Portuguese citizens and resi- which should make them further at dents of Hawaii, who wished to convey home. Have the results shown that they to the Secretary their "aloha," and con- have carried out what we believed at gratulations upon recommending to the that time they would do ? President Hon. C. J. McCarthy as gov- "The principles that were brought ernor of Hawaii. here and taught by the American mis- Hon. William R. Castle, a vice-presi- sionaries I think are well carried out dent of the Pan-Pacific Union, said in by this school, in whose dining-room we part: are eating this evening. The 'Mid- "When one considers the condition of Pacific Institute', with its two schools, the other side of the world, the horri- is spreading and teaching the doctrine ble state in which so many nations exist of Pan-Pacificism in the very best man- today—caused by hatred and selfishness, ner possible. There are not less than by all those things that go to create dis- twenty-five nations with representatives cord and evil in the world—one turns to attending the school. Most of these na- the possibilities of the Pan-Pacific Union tions surround this great Pacific Ocean, with pleasure and relief. Why d') and it is for the purpose of unifying we say that Hawaii is the logical cen- these races that the Pan-Pacific Union ter for the establishment of the Pan- Las been formed, and that we are here Pacific Union ? We Americans will ad- tonight to urge forward this propaganda. mit that we have to a considerable ex- "The people of the United States, tent the habit of boasting—and of through their illustrious president, have course this is an American territory— expressed their great desire that all na- but to say nothing more of that, is there tions shall receive justice and equality ; any other reason why we say that it is that all men are born free and equal, the logical central point ? Yes. Here, and have the right of life, liberty, and all races are equal and there is no race the pursuit of happiness, and so it seems war. to me that we may do ourselves the "Ninety-eight years ago missionaries greatest of honor if we invite the great from the United States landed on these President of the United States to be- shores, and found a race of people here come the honorary president of the Pan- who were well fitted by disposition to Pacific Union, and I hereby nominate receive the civilization of America. In him. (Put to a vote and unanimously those days there was a common saying carried.) among sea-going men that there was no "I will now move that our honored God west of Cape Horn, and it was guest of this evening be made a presi- pretty true. The condition of many of the lands in the Pacific to the west of dent of the Pan-Pacific Association. us has shown the truth of that remark. (Put to a vote and unanimously car- but in Hawaii the American missionar- ried.) Henry Stead, of Australia.

Some Magazines and Magazine Men of the Pacific

HE LIVEST magazine in Aus- Henry Stead should have so quickly tralia today is the former Re- made his mark in the southern hemis- T view of Reviews now published phere, for he is a son of W. T. Stead, under the title of Stead's. Four years regarded as Britain's premier journalist, ago it had a small circulation of some and received his training at his hands. 3,000 a month ; it has ten times that W. T. brought his family up to have now every fortnight. The immense a tremendous desire for information on jump from 3,000 to 60,000 readers a all and every subject. As soon as they month is entirely due to the taking could talk they were encouraged to ask over of the editorship by Henry Stead. questions and find out. Every Sunday who is now recognized as one of the fore- each was expected to select some "fact" most journalists of Australasia and has from the sermon which was dragged won a unique position for himself as from him by the rapid cross-questioning a war critic. of the family. Books were read aloud It is perhaps not surprising that by the father and mother during the

233 234 THE MID-PACIFIC

afternoon and tea was always a cross- he was quarantined for cholera. He fire of question and answer concerning and his brother accompanied their fa- what had been read. ther to Paris during the 1890 exhibi- Sometimes long walks were taken and tion year and fossicked about the city during the whole time the father di- by themselves with huge delight. When rected the questioning researches of his fifteen the two set out on a cycle tour lively youngsters. So keen was the through Northern France, South Ger- discussion and so to the point the in- many and Switzerland. They were terrogations that visitors speedily avoid- away for two months and seldom spoke ed the Sunday tea hour and came to English during the whole time. They supper when a well-disciplined family cycled over most of the present western held its peace. battle-fields, visited places of historic in- Having had a trying experience at terest, following the story of Joan of boarding school himself W. T. refused Arc especially. to send his boys to school and they After leaving University College were taught instead by tutors at home. Henry made a trip to South Africa Henry spoke German and French flu- and as a guest of Cecil Rhodes saw ently before he reached his teens but much of the country, narrowly missing showed no ability at all in the making the Jameson raid, which he regrets to of essays and avoided writing whenever this day. After a brief stay in Eng- he could. He inherited his mother's land he entered the New York office inability to spell and was regarded as of the Review of Reviews and during having no aptitude whatever for his a strenuous year gained much valuable father's profession. His elder brother insight into American politics and pubt was, however, soon in training and per- fishing methods. As guest of Lord fecting himself in shorthand and type- Aberdeen, Viceroy of Canada, he had writing at an early age was acting as splendid opportunities for getting in his father's secretary long before fin- touch with Canadian men and affairs. ishing his tutorial studies at eighteen. On his return to England he settled Henry elected to become an engineer down to work in his father's office, mak- and put in two years taking an engi- ing, however, many trips to the Conti- neering course at the University of nent. In 1899 he accompanied his fa- London. Urged thereto by his father, ther on a memorable tour round Eu- he finally entered the latter's office and rope, being present at many interviews there gained experience of the mechani- with kings and other notables. On this cal and business production of a great trip he visited Belgium, Germany, Rus- monthly magazine. He soon became sia, Turkey, Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary. interested in the editorial side, and Austria, Italy, Switzerland and France. having the opportunity of traveling The insight into European affairs and with his father, learned shorthand in politics he then obtained and the friends order to seize the chance. Long before he made have stood him in good stead he became his father's confidential sec- during the last four years. Without retary, however, he had visited Europe, this experience he could not have writ- South Africa and America. ten on the war as he has done. Henry Stead's first trip abroad was Henry spent three months in Paris made when he had just entered his with his father in 1900, the exhibition teens and took him up the Rhine year, and met notable men from all through Belgium and Holland, where over the world. During the Boer War THE MID-PACIFIC 235 he assisted in the production of the Hague during the entire sitting of the many pamphlets and the weekly paper Second Peace Conference in 1907, bring- published by W. T. and generally ing out a daily paper regularly for the shared those lively times with him.. whole four months. This was some- Henry Stead married in 1902. His what of a feat, as the conference com- wife, Miss Jeanie McClelland, was the mittees were secret and it was , largely step-daughter of Dr. Kirkup, author of to break down "secret diplomacy" that a History of Socialism and other stan- W. T. had started his paper. This dard works. They had known each was mostly written in English and had other from childhood although she was to be translated into French. This done, many years his junior. Mr. Stead can the copy was set up by compositors trace his ancestry back to the reign of ignorant of any language but Dutch. Bloody Queen Mary, when the Steads. Henry had entire charge of the work Norwegian adventurers, were captured of production and quickly learned in a sea fight by British vessels. Con- enough Dutch to control the printing demned to death the two brothers es- office and get the paper out to time. caped owing to the death of the Queen, During these months he met the most and finally settled in Yorkshire, where distinguished diplomatists of every coun- their descendants have dwelt ever since. try in the world, and made close friend- though W. T. was born in Northum- ships with many. Some of the most berland and Henry in Durham. Mrs. notable have since died, for instance, Stead's Kirkcubright ancestors can be Mr. Choate of the United States. M. traced back for hundreds of years. She Drago, the originator of the famous received her education abroad and was Doctrine Drago ; M. Triana, the orator completing her musical studies at the of the conference ; Baron Bieberstain, Royal College when she married. the forceful German delegate ; M. Ne- In 1903, owing to trouble with the lidoff, the president; M. Baernert of editor of the Review of Reviews he had Belgium. Not only were there dis- founded in Australia, W. T. found it tinguished diplomatists at the Hague, necessary to send someone to Mel- but in these days it was the Mecca of bourne. At a couple of days' notice all those interested in the work of the Henry and his wife set out, leaving conference and no better school for their infant boy behind. During his studying modern European affairs could short stay in Australia Mr. Stead got be imagined. a good insight into Antipodean affairs The death of his elder brother, to and after he left always kept in close whom he was devotedly attached, oc- touch. On his way back he spent a curred quite suddenly a few weeks few weeks in New Zealand and was in after the conference ended. San Francisco only a few months be- In 1909 Henry was in Munich ar- fore the earthquake. He journeyed down ranging for the production of a book to Mexico City, where he had a long on Oberammergau, which next year interview with President Diaz. after was used by almost every English- which he spent some time in the United speaking visitor to the Passion Play. States and Canada. Back again in Eng- Meantime he had again visited Aus- land he became his father's right-hand tria, Hungary and the Balkans, and man and was closely associated with was constantly in France and Germans,. him until his death. In 1912 he bade farewell to his father. Henry and his father lived at The who was crossing the Atlantic by the tO' 236 THE MID-PACIFIC

Titanic, the largest ship in the world, one of 600,000 in Great Britain, on a which was making her maiden voyage. population basis. A few days later came the news of the Though he never pretends to be a disaster, but for three days after that writer, Mr. Stead has yet achieved a it was hoped that W. T. had escaped. great reputation and no one now be- Henry took charge of everything and lieves him when he tells them that he arranged his father's affairs, then ought to have been an engineer and is handed them over to his mother, left only a journalist by accident. He has sole heir. She was anxious to run the interested himself in Australian affairs on different lines Review of Reviews and especially in the future of the and Henry finding it impossible to Pacific, realizing that the rearrangement agree to the proposed change in policy, there will be vital to his adopted coun- decided to go to Australia and en- try. Though he has achieved great deavor to raise the Review of Reviews success in Australia he still hankers there into a great publication. It had after the more pulsating life of Europe been badly neglected but he had every and America and finds it difficult to re- confidence in his ability to make good, sist the offers he has had to go to and accompanied by his wife and three the United States, to return to Eng- children, set out for Melbourne. He land. He realizes, however, the power found things in worse case than he he wields through his widely read jour- had imagined but quickly got to work. nal and has seen how much more easy When the war came his articles at- it is to mould Australian opinion than tracted attention at once and before to sway the peoples of older lands. He long he found it necessary to bring the magazine out every fortnight instead of looks to take a considerable share in every month only. The sale continued 1.he work of building up Australia when to mount steadily and is now equal to the war is over.

The Capital in Melbourne. THE PAN-PACIFIC QUESTIONNAIRE The Hands Around the Pacific Movement

What is the Hands Around the Pa- dents at that time were : The Hon. John cific Movement? Barrett, Director General of the Pan- The hands around the Pacific move American Union ; The Hon. James T. ment is the outgrowth of a small club McGowan, then Premier of New South that began ten years ago when, in Hon- Wales ; Hon. Francis Wilson, Premier of olulu, the delegates from many Pacific West Australia ; Percy Hunter of New lands met together with the avowed ob- South Wales and Alexander Hume Ford. ject of bringing together in friendly co- Who are officers of the Hands Around operation all peoples, races and nations the Pacific Organization now? of the Pacific. A Hands around the Pa- There has been no actual change, but cific club was then formed, and from in 1917 the Pan Pacific Union was in- this grew the Pan Pacific Union. corporated and practically superceded Just how and when did this organiza- the older organization, it has a board of tion have its inception, and who were 21 directors or trustees, besides a num- its organizers? ber of honorary presidents, who must be The Hands Around the Pacific ,Club heads of Pacific governments, for these was born in Honolulu in 1908, immedi- are given power to appoint directors of ately following the first Pan-Pacific con- the Pan Pacific Union. ference there. Its first officers were : Why has this change been made? Honorary Presidents, Walter F. Frear, For the reason that it is the desire of then Governor of Hawaii ; William Cam- the directors in time to turn over the eron Forbes, then Governor General of the Philippines ; Hon. Andrew Fisher, Pan-Pacific Union to the Pacific govern- then Prime Minister of Australia ; Sir ments, asking them to conduct and sup- Joseph Ward, then Prime Minister of port the work. New Zealand. The Honorary Vice-Presi- Are there no members of the Pan Pa- 238 THE MID-PACIFIC

cific Union other than the Trustees and the Philippines became interested some officers? years ago and today both the Govern- The membership of the Pan Pacific ment and the people as well as the Mer- Union is made up solely of the directo- chants' Associations are giving the Pan rate of trustees. Membership in the Pan Pacific movement excellent support. Pacific Association, however, is open to How does Latin America co-operate any and all who are interested in the ob- with the Pan Pacific Union? jects of the Pan Pacific Union. The The co-operation of Latin America is dues are nominal, $2.50 a year, which sought through one of the vice-presi- includes subscription to the Mid Pacific dents of the Pan Pacific Union, the Hon. Magazine, the official organ of the Pan- John Barrett, who is Director General Pacific Union. of the Pan Pacific Union. The columns What are the Pan Pacific Clubs? of the Pan American Bulletin are also Many cities have Pan Pacific Clubs, open to the propaganda of the Pan Pa- these are local and self governing, al- cific Union. though affiliated with the Pan Pacific Is the Pacific Coast of the United Union. Some of these hold weekly States interested in the Pan Pacific luncheon meetings at which distin- movement? guished visitors from Pacific lands are Yes ; more perhaps, than is any other entertained as speakers. one portion of Pacific lands. In the Are only Pan Pacific Clubs affiliated Northwest, Herbert Cuthbert has with the Pan Pacific Union? brought British Columbia, Oregon and No. The charter of the Millions Club Washington together as a unit for all of . West Australia binds it to the Pan publicity work. In San Francisco the Pacific Union, while its by-laws call for Chamber of Commerce is co-operating a banquet in Perth on Balboa Day, Sept. with the Pan-Pacific Union, and the Pan- 17th, at which those resident in or visit- Pacific Club of San Francisco is again ing Perth from other Pacific communi- becoming active and giving support to ties shall be the invited guests. John H, Gerrie, financial editor of the Has Australia taken up the Pan Pa- San Francisco Call, who is also editor cific work actively? of "Pan Pacific," a highly illustrated Yes. The Millions Club of Sydney magazine dealing with the commerce of was organized as a Pan Pacific club and the Pacific. has called at least one Pan Pacific con- Are other Pacific Coast bodies inter- vention. This organization has several ested in Pan Pacific work? thousand members and its weekly lunch- Yes, the Foreign Trade. Club of San eons are attended at times by as many Francisco is affiliated with the Pan Pa- as seven hundred. On July 4th, 1918, cific Union and holds weekly meetings Lord Mayor Joynton Smith of Sydney at which there is always one or more took the lead in consolidating the Hands speakers on Commerce with Pacific Around the Pacific Movement in his lands. The meetings are held on Wed- city. nesday evenings in the Merchants Ex- Are the Orientals interested in the Pan change building, and those interested in Pacific idea of co-operation? Pan Pacific propaganda are gladly wel- Yes. In China there are several or- comed. ganizations affiliated with the move- How can information be secured in ment, while Japan has her Pan Pacific San Francisco concerning Pan Pacific clubs in the great cities. The men of work? THE MID-PACIFIC 239

From the Hawaii Promotion Com- Probably for the reason that men of mittee in the Monadnock building on Anglo-Saxon descent have populated Market street, and here too, on the continents on both sides of the Pacific. ground floor, is the Commercial mu- Certain it is that the leaders in both of seum of the Hundred Percent Club, these continents are now reaching out which was one of the first to co-operate friendly hands to the men of other Pa- with the Pan Pacific Union and give its cific lands and continents that there may support to the work. be for all time a real Hands Around the Is the Federal Government of the Pacific spirit of unity and cooperation. United States interested in the work of Are the Oriental and other Pacific the Pan-Pacific Union? races in California working with the Yes. Secretary of the Interior Frank- Pan-Pacific Union? lin K. Lane has accepted the presidency Yes. Mr. H. K. Watanabe, General of the Pan-Pacific Association and be- Secretary of the Japanese Chamber of lieves that the Pan-Pacific Union should Commerce in San Francisco, is a director have the support of all of the Nations of the Pan-Pacific Club in that city and about the Great Ocean. From Hawaii an ardent worker, as is Mr. K. Fujii, he bore an invitation to the President of Acting Consul, who in the early days the United States to act as Honorary was one of the first workers in Hono- President of the Pan-Pacific Union. lulu. The Secretary of the San Fran- cisco Chinese Chamber of Commerce, .E. Have the heads of any of the Pacific K. Lowe, is a director of the local Pan- Governments accepted Honorary Presi- Pacific Club, as is L: H. Hymans, of the dency of the Pan-Pacific Union? Holland and Java Chamber of Commerce Yes. Those that have visited Hawaii, in San Francisco. Neil Neilsen, the Aus- the Prime Minister of Australia, Wm. tralian Trade Commissioner for Cali- H. Hughes, and the Prime Minister of fornia, has been a worker for Pan-Pacific New Zealand, W. S. Massey, are Hon- Union iedals in his own country, in Ha- orary. Presidents and keen workers to- waii and in San Francisco ; while Mr. ward cooperation and understanding H. Stephenson Smith, the New Zealand among all Pacific peoples. Commissioner, is a director of the San Why have the Anglo-Saxons taken the Francisco Pan-Pacific Club, as are a lead in the work of the Pan-Pacific number of that cityJs most prominent Union? leaders in Trans-Pacific Commerce. 240 THE MID-PACIFIC

mazazgamaiumaZ THE MID-PACIFIC 241

The Chinese Red Cross and the Grand Canal

By TSZANG WOOHUAN, Consul-General for China at Honolulu.

HE Chinese Red Cross Society ciety, while organized largely by gov- was organized during the early ernment officials, was not given official Tmonths of the Russo-Japanese recognition by the Chinese Govern- War, and the society sent relief workers ment, and at the close of the Russo-Jap- to the battlefront in Manchuria. anese War, in 1905, an official Chinese The organization had its inception in Red Cross organization had its incep- Shanghai, and an official of the Manchu tion, and with this the original society Government, Shen Tun Ho, was ap- merged. His Excellency, Lu Hai Huan, pointed the chief director, with four as- former Minister to Berlin, was appoint- sociate directors under him. ed director-general of the greater or- ganization, and there was considerable At the same time, a branch of the correspondence back and forth with the American Red Cross was organized in Red Cross headquarters in Servia and Shanghai, and the two societies worked New York. Dr. J. C. Ferguson, who together splendidly, especially in the re- was the chief secretary to the director- lief work to alleviate the suffering of general, at the time of the organization those who had lost their homes and of the society, is now the advisor to the crops in the great overflow of the Yang- President of China. I was the general stze River. The American Red Cross workers raised over a million dollars secretary for all Red Cross work in toward this relief fund, and the Chinese China. workers almost as much. The Chinese Red Cross Society has This original Chinese Red Cross So- extended from Shanghai and Peking

241 242 THE MID-PACIFIC

into all the provinces of China, and there the Chinese people of the terrors of are relief stations and hospitals in a floods and famine, found themselves un- number of the larger cities. able to advance the necessary money to It has been suggested in Hawaii by carry out the whole of the scheme. But ex-Governor George R. Carter (now the they were later ready to consider one head of national Red Cross propaganda phase, which is of practical and lasting at the "Cross-roads" of the Pacific) that value, namely, the improvement of the a Pan-Pacific Red Cross convention be section of the Grand Canal traversing called at Honolulu to consult as to the the area, and embraced by the Yellow best methods of conducting Red Cross River on the north and the Yangstze work in all Pacific lands after the war River on the south. is over. This famous and ancient waterway Along true lines of Red Cross work, had been allowed to silt and deteriorate other than for war relief, China is tak- so much that in parts it has become ing the lead, and with the assistance of practically useless to serve the country the American Red Cross Society, will through which it passed, and as a first redeem millions of acres of land in China step in the treatment of the great flood for the use of a starving population. and famine area its improvement should The Grand Canal Redemption. be of far-reaching importance, not onlx because it will provide uninterrupted On January 30, 1914, the Government communication with the distressed areas, of the Republic of China signed an but also because it will re-establish the agreement with the American National Canal as an artery of commerce, thus Red Cross Society allowing that organi- making it of constant advantage to all zation to effect a loan of $20,000,000 traders desirous of reaching the rich re- (United States currency) for the pur- gions that it taps. pose of improving the watercourses em- braced in what is known as the Hwai Agreements have therefore been en- River District—a region periodically tered into with American financiers and visited by devastating floods and conse- contractors to undertake the work. It quent famine. is divided into two sections, one the part The philanthropic character of the of the canal which traverses the Prov- proposed loan for this work militated ince of Kiangsu from the Yangtsze, and against its immediate acceptance in the other the section which crosses America, the war in Europe calling for Shantung Province to the Yellow River. the employment of vast sums of money The agreements have been made with in vitally practical avenues. The Red the American International Corporation, Cross Society, however, determined to who are called upon to "recommend to pursue an investigation to determine just the Chinese Government for appoint- what labor and expense would be en- ment expert engineers to investigate and tailed in the scheme, and despatched an report upon the most recent conditions engineering commission headed by Colo- relating to all other works included in nel Siebert to make a survey. Colonel the Hwai River Conservancy scheme Siebert dealt with the subject exhaus- and to draw up detailed plans for the tively in a carefully compiled report, but . carrying out of the same, to serve as a the war still raged and the bankers of basis for its arrangements for raising a America, desirous as they might be of further loan or loans in order to com- assisting to relieve a large section of plete the whole scheme." THE MID-PACIFIC 243

In order to study the conditions of the The chief credit for the advancement Grand Canal in Shantung, and the va- of the proposition to restore the Grand - rious rivers and lakes connected with Canal to the position of usefulness the Canal, the Grand Canal Conservancy which its ancient builders designed for Bureau of Shantung was established un- it must undoubtedly be given to Mr. der the direction of Mr. Pan-fu, and has Pan-fu, the Vice-Director General of the done a considerable amount of work. National Conservancy Bureau. Mr. Pan Various data were collected, a compre- has for many years made a close study, hensive survey was made and a project of conservancy needs in the great plains for a general improvement was drawn of the Yellow, the Hwai, and the Yang- up. The proposed work in Shantung tsze river valleys, and of late years he covers a distance of about 500 miles has particularly devoted himself to the along the Canal, and is planned to bene- Grand Canal areas. It was as a result fit both navigation and reclamation. The of his labors that the present proposal returns from navigation are estimated to was listened to by the American finan- pay for the whole improvement work. ciers. So methodical had the work of The land which will be reclaimed is esti- Mr. Pan been that he was able to con- mated at some 100,000 acres in the Tsin- vince the engineers representing the ing and Yutai districts alone, and after financiers of the commercial importance the necessary ditches are dug, dykes of the proposal without difficulty, and built, and public uses provided for it is it was not very long after his negotia- calculated that 97,000 acres can go into tions with them on the Canal itself that cultivation. This is estimated to yield a the agreement to finance and carry out net profit per annum of $2,496,185. the work was signed. Mr. Pan was able The articles produced and manufac- to show that the Canal had become use- tured in the districts dependent upon the less in places, and vast stretches of ter- Grand Canal for transportation are corn, ritory had become lost to agriculture, salt, coal, tea, white wine (kaoliang), owing to the silting up of practically all bean oil, bean cake, silk and cotton nan- the drainage systems of Northern keen, dried dates, dried persimmon, Kiangsu—conditions which could easily hemp, ground nuts, timber, porcelain, be corrected. Rivers had lost their bamboo materials, leather, medicine, etc. courses in time and had taken the Grand Foreign imports include cotton yarn, Canal as a common outlet, causing re- long cloth, kerosene oil, matches, paper, curring inundations each of which left tobaccos, prussian blue, etc. the situation worse than the last. The craft utilized on the canal for Mr. Pan will have the personal direc- transportation are of fifteen varieties. tion of the work on the improvement of For instance a boat which loads fish car- the Grand Canal, and China is fortunate ries nothing else ; similarly with coal, in having an engineer who is so well etc. There are at present 8,050 boats with a tonnage of 99,000 plying on the versed with the conditions of the region canal. to undertake the work. 244 THE MID-PACIFIC

This might be a picture illu-strative of food conservation in the Philip- pines; for the necessities of life, corn and bananas, are all that are displayed in the market basket of the two little housewives of our brown brothers. The neat, cool, light and comfortable home of the happy rural Filipino.

A Visit to the Philippines

By FRANK C. ATHERTON

(Mr. Frank C. Atherton is vice-president of the Pan Pacific Union, and representing the sugar interests of Hawaii, visited the Philippines. His committee was unanimous in recommending that Hawaiian capital be invested in the sister islands of Uncle Sam.)

The Philippine Islands were discov- after his arrival. He and his comrades ered by Magellan in the year 1521. This were very hospitably received by the in- explorer landed first on the Island of habitants of Cebu, who were then en- Cebu. The discovery was made while gaged in a controversy with the inhab- Magellan was endeavoring to circum- itants of the neighboring Island of Mac- navigate the globe—which one of his ves- tan. Magellan volunteered his services sels finally succeeded in doing—but Ma- in assisting the chief of Cebu and his gellan himself was killed a short time followers, and was killed in the ensuing

245 246 THE MID-FACIFIC

conflict. His body is interred on the Isl- ests, comprising many varieties of woods and of Mactan, where a monument and a fair amount of timber is cut and marks his resting place. marketed. Although Magellan was Portuguese, The sea about the Islands produces an he had become so disgusted at the treat- abundance of fish, which form one of the ment he had received from Portugal that main foods of the Filipinos. On the trip he had turned to the Spaniards, and his of our party from Cebu to Manila we expedition was fitted out by them. Con- stopped three different times and fished sequently his discovery of the Islands for several hours, one morning securing was in the name of Spain, which resulted about two hundred pounds of fish, among in the Islands being called the "Philip- them being varieties known as the Tun- pines„' after Philip, the young prince of gingi, or Spanish mackerel ; the Pon- Spain, who later became Philip II. Spain pono, the Barracuta, and a reddish fish made no move to really colonize or gov- called the Lapalapa, all of which we ern the Islands until Legaspi was sent out found excellent eating. They have a in 1565. Under his leadership control of splendid aquarium in Manila, which has several of the Islands was secured and a larger variety and stock of fish than from that time until 1898 they were dom- any I have seen. This was rather a sur- inated by Spain. prise to me, as I have seldom heard the The Islands extend from the 5th degree aquarium in Manila referred to as being to the 22nd degree north latitude, and particularly fine, but this opinion of it from the ii6th to 126th degree east lati- was shared by all the members of our tude, and comprise 3,141 islands ! Their party. total area is 115,026 square miles, which We arrived in the Philippines on the is twenty-seven square miles greater 11th of November, which is supposed to than Great Britain. One thousand six be the beginning of the cool season. The hundred and sixty-eight of the islands months of November, December, Janu- have received names, the remainder ary and February comprise the best sea- being largely mere rocky promontories or son of the year, the summer rains usu- very small areas of land. The largest ally stopping about the first of Novem- island is that of Luzon, on which Manila ber, from which time it is fairly dry un- is located, having an area of 40,969 til the following June. However, al- square miles, Mindanao being slightly though we were in the Philippines until smaller. Other large islands, which are the 22nd of December, we experienced often referred to, are those of Mindoro, more or less rain some portion of each Panay, Negros and Cebu, all of these week and found the weather about as being less than 5,000 square miles each. warm as is our Hawaiian summer The coast line of these Islands is more weather. than double that of the United States. On our voyage from Japan we passed They have a fair supply of minerals, in sight of Formosa and the following gold having been produced for many day sighted the northern coast of the years, and they have several profitable Island of Luzon and sailed along the mines in the Benguet Mountains of Lu- west coast till we reached the entrance of both gold and copper. There are also to Manila Bay. The entrance to the bay small iron mines and fair prospects for is about five miles wide with the Island petroleum. Coal is found in good quan- of Corregidor located near the center. tities, but is rather poor in quality, the Corregidor is heavily fortified and well best coal mines being on the Island of garrisoned, thus affording a splendid Cebu. There are some good sized for- protection to the bay. Since the begin- THE MID-PACIFIC 247 ning of the War the southern channel formerly located. At one time it was entrance has been closed to navigation surrounded by a moat, which has since and mined, so that all vessels have to been filled in. Inside the old walled city enter or depart through the northern (Intramuras) a large number of people channel and no vessels are allowed to en- still live and there are many stores and ter between the hours of sunset and sun- office buildings. Two or three large rise. cathedrals and former convents still re- Twenty-two miles from Corregidor main. A large number of the govern- lies the City of Manila. I was somewhat ment offices are also within the walled disappointed on first sight, as we sailed city. Among these are the Governor-Gen- towards the city to find that it lies on a eral's office, the Senate Chamber and very flat plain, the nearest mountain House of Representatives, as well as the being between forty and fifty miles dis- Bureau of Agriculture and several other tant, and the largest range of mountains departments of the Government. being more than one hundred miles back A large and newer part of Manila from the city. Through the center of (called the "American City") is across the city flows the Pasig River which, nat- the Pasig River, which is bridged in sev- urally, is an advantage in providing eral places and there are a number of splendid facilities for the transportation modern buildings of from four to six of freight, as small steamers and barges stories, but even here the larger number can sail up this river for some distance. are of the old Spanish style of architec- Splendid wharves have been built front- ture. The city has a very good street car ing on the bay so that the largest Pacific system and the newer portion of it is steamers can draw up to the dock. well laid out. One sees almost every va- Since the American occupation, a large riety of vehicle, from the automobile and area of low, swampy land along the wa- various kinds of horse-drawn contriv: terfront and for some distance immedi- ances, to the crudest forms of wagons ately adjoining the city, has been filled drawn by the carabao and by the vaca, in. A portion of this filled land has been the latter a species of animal similar to a called the "Luneta" and comprises an small ox with a hump on the shoulder. area about one-third of a mile long and One can obtain a good deal of amuse- nearly a quarter of a mile wide, lying be- ment watching these various vehicles, tween the large, modern Manila Hotel driven by all classes of people, from the and the extensive Army and Navy Club. Americans and Spaniards to the bare- This broad field make a splendid parade footed, ordinary type of .Filipino laborer. ground. A band stand occupies a por- The calasa, or two-seated carriages, pro- tion of this area and every evening of vides room for two passengers, the horse the week, except Monday, the band plays, being driven by a Filipino seated on a and often several thousand gather there small seat just in front of the occupants. to enjoy the sunset, the music, and the op- This is the favored vehicle of transporta- portunity for social intercourse and re- tion for the ordinary better-class Filipino, creation. and it is also used to a large extent by the Manila is a very interesting city from Americans. Throughout the country one many standpoints, having a population' of meets covered wagons, which serve as about 200,000. The old Spanish city is homes for the occupants for weeks at a surrounded by a wall some twelve to fif- time. teen feet in height and ten to fifteen feet The streets of the old walled city are thick, with openings where cannon were very narrow and in places vehicles can 248 THE MID-PACIFIC barely pass. There are trolley lines on cultivation, both in the fields and around some of these narrow streets and it makes the homes, was most noticeable. traffic along them difficult and somewhat The native inhabitants of the Philip- dangerous, particularly where large pines are of Malayan stock and are di- buildings come right up to the corners. vided into four quite distinct types. First The health conditions in Manila are are Negritos, who are aborigines and ra- now very good, whereas, under the Span- cially distinct from all the other people. ish regime, such epidemics as plague, They are quite small in stature and live smallpox and cholera, often occurred. almost entirely in the mountains, having Several years ago, under the direction of been savages and great warriors. In the American Civil Government, some fact, they live upon animals and upon $2,000,000 was spent to install a modern the natural products which they find al- and pure supply of water to all parts of ready growing, doing very little cultiva- the city and another $2,000,000 was spent ting on their own initiative. There are in constructing an adequate sewer sys- still about io,000 of these people living tem. These improvements, together back in the mountain recesses and they with other sanitary regulations, have re- are seldom, if ever, seen. duced the death rate one-half, so that it is The second type were also wild men, estimated that 5,000 lives are saved an- most of them, however, having become nually in the city alone. Splendid mod- civilized. The best known of these peo- ern hospitals have been constructed and ple are the Igorots, or so-called "head a school for nurses is conducted. hunters." These, together with a few On account of the climate a great tribes very kindred to them, called the many of the stores close from twelve to Ifugaos and Ilongots, live largely in the two. This is called the siesta period and mountains through the center of the Isl- it is the custom of many of the people and of Luzon. They are quite skillful after their luncheon to rest for an hour stone workers and good farmers. In the or so and not return to work until two neighborhood of the summer resort of o'clock. In the country it is quite cus- Baguio, in the Benget Mountains, about tomary for workers in the fields to 15o miles from Manila, large numbers of "knock off" shortly before noon, not re- these people are seen. The men work on suming work until between two and the roads to quite an extent and in the three. To offset this period of inactiv- mines. Many of them still adhere to ity, many of the field hands start at day- their primitive dress of a "gee string," light and work until dawn and, in fact, and it is a very common sight to see the on two or three occasions when we were men clad only in this garment. The out in the country after dark, we saw the women, however, dress in short skirts people cutting rice and doing other forms and waists of striking colors. They car- of field work by moonlight. ry their burdens in baskets slung on their The Filipino is rather easy going. backs with a band across the top of the This is due, not only to the climate, but head. Both men and women are always also to the fact that a living is so easily barefooted. obtained, that habits of active industry The Moros are the most warlike peo- are not fostered. Things grow so easily ple of the group, but are largely con- that after products are once planted very fined to the southern Island of Minda- little cultivation or attention is paid to nao. They are Mohammedans and for them until such crops as rice, maize and many generations compelled tribute from corn are ready to harvest or various the inhabitants of many of the other isl- fruits are ready to be picked. Lack of ands. They were such fierce warriors THE MID-PACIFIC 249 that none of the other tribes dared to around Manila. They are the most en- withstand them and when they appeared terprising, but the most restless and quar- on any island the inhabitants either fled relsome of these tribes. The chief insur- to the mountains, leaving their crops to rections in the past have been largely in- be taken by the Moros, or bought them stigated by them. However, they have off by paying a heavy tribute of food come to be recognized as the leaders in stuffs or supplies of some kind. For all movements looking toward progress. many years past, however, the Moros Aguinaldo is a Tagalog. have lived very quietly and peacably, al- The Visayans are the most populous though for some time after the American tribe, and occupy the islands of Cebu, occupation there was fierce fighting be- Panay and Negros and several other tween them and the American troops. small islands of the central group. They The largest class of Filipinos is com- are a less progressive, and a more quiet posed almost entirely of the Visayans; and peace-loving people, but are good Tagalogs, Ilocanos and Bicols. The Ilo- agriculturists. The Bicols live in south- canos, occupying the northerdpart of the ern Luzon. Island of Luzon, are a •very industrious and commercial people and quite venture- When the Islands were discovered by some. Large numbers of them have Magellan it was estimated that there been brought to Hawaii and are among were about 65o,000 people in the group. our best class of laborers. The present population is estimated al: The Tagalogs occupy the central prov- bebetween 8,000,000 and 9,000,000. ince of Luzon and predominate in and (To Be Continued).

One method of traveling in the country. 250 THE MID-PACIFIC NI ICALA LILIUO OF ING ASS P E TH OF UBLISHERS HE P F T Y O COURTES BY PLATE Feather Work of the Hawaiians

By W. T. BRIGHAM, A. M. S. D.

HE name kahili is derived from of feathers when occasion passed, and the root verb hili, to braid or tie the feathers were preserved in calabashes T on, as feathers to a stem, or stone until again required. adzes to a handle : with the article it be- It is probable that a bunch of feathers comes the ka-hili, the plaited thing. The used as a fly-flap was the primal form of kahili in its greatest development con- feather work. Flies (nalo) were here, sisted of a pole sometimes twenty feet though not in such abundance as found high, to the upper end of which was at- by early explorers on other islands of the tached the hulu or cluster of feathers. Pacific ; but even for this useful purpose This was sometimes of great extent; the the bunch of feathers was no doubt pre- Rev. C. S. Stewart, who was at the Isl- ceded by a bunch of leaves, and the pro- ands when Lord Byron brought home the totype of the kahili seems to have been bodies of Liholiho and Kamamalu (in a stem of that most useful plant the ki. 1825), saw poles near thirty feet high On many of the islands of the Pacific a with hulumanu forming cylinders fifteen branch of ki was the symbol of peace, to eighteen inches in diameter and twelve and on the Hawaiian Islands it shared in to fourteen feet long. The largest in early times with a cocoanut leaf the rep- the Bishop Museum is thirty inches in resentation of high rank. Its utility has diameter and four feet long. Neither survived its symbolism ; and the native Cook nor Vancouver mention these im- obtains food and drink from the large mense kahilis, for they never saw them, saccharine root. At first he made a kind no royal funeral occurring during their of fermented beer, then taught by vicious stay, and usually the poles were stripped whites the Hawaiian distilled this fer-

251 252 THE MID-PACIFIC

menting mass making a smoky whisky a spear, or a stick of well rounded koa, called in the vernacular, from the name and in later times cabinet makers formed of the rude iron still, okolehao. The the stems of alternating native woods. tough leaf is still the favorite wrapper Many of these last, both large and small, for fish, and I have seen an unclothed and are in this Museum, but were unknown so pocketless native carry a score of to the ancient Hawaiian. The old native oranges, each fruit wrapped neatly in one had, however, a very elaborate form of of the leaves still attached to the stem. handle made , by stringing disks of tor- These leaves are also acceptable fodder toise-shell on a tough but slender core of for animals. kauila wood, or in the small ones of Very early the hand plumes became whalebone. symbols of rank and on all public occa- It was an old Hawaiian custom to out- sions kahili bearers attended a chief, or rage the memory of an enemy by placing while he ate or slept a haakui brushed bits of his skeleton or teeth in some ves- away with smaller ones all troublesome sel of dishonor, or by making fishhooks insects. In public they were tokens ; in or arrow points of them ; hence the care private fly-traps. taken to hide the bones of prominent When oil portraits were introduced chiefs. On the other hand it was hon- those of chiefs often had small kahilis orable to have one's bones placed on a attached to the side of the frame. The kahili handle or inlaid in a poi umeke. small kahilis were easily made and be- The old men a generation ago knew the came very common ; were used as pres- names of the chiefs whose bony relics ents and so fell into the hands of others are preserved in these kahilis while the than the nobility, thus losing much of rest of their anatomy has long been dust, their meanings. The late royal family, but propably no one can now tell the tale. however, retained them to the end of the When a chief is at the point of death monarchy, and royal personages had them these bones are supposed to rattle, but as at their side at feasts or public receptions. the chiefs are all dead they seem now to Of these small kahilis the Bishop Mu- have abandoned their heraldic vocation. seum has four score, and examples are The feathers (hulumanu) were of found in most museums. The large ka- every variety known to the Hawaiians, hilis used only on solemn occasions are including such foreign ones as ostrich now limited in number, all the important and peacock ; but the old ones were of historic ones are in this Museum and no the tropic-bird, oo (both yellow and more will ever ligitimately be made. I black), frigate-bird, pueo, iiwi and the know of none in any foreign museum. barnyard fowl. In latter degenerate times The pole, at first a mere support or dyed duck feathers were used. The stem, became from the force of circum- method of the modern florist who fastens stances the impersonation of the whole his short-stemmed flowers to wires that kahili in this way : a kahili was made for they may have due prominence in his a chief, was named, and, when the occa- bouquet was practiced by the islander of sion for its use had passed, its feathers olden time, but as he had no wire he were taken off and stored away ; the form pressed into service the tough, slim mid- was dissolved and only the name re- rib of the coconut leaf. Several of these, mained to the pole which might when the or of other stiff fibres, he bound together next need arose be again clothed with the with the thread of olona, attaching by the same or other feathers, and in similar or same thread the feathers to the separated quite different form. Often the pole was ends of the main stem. These feathered THE MID-PACIFIC 253 branches are tied together in small bun- vorite queen of Liholiho) on this day dles and kept in quantity for use. was, as usual, a conspicuous object. The I believe that anciently, before white car of slate in which she joined the pro- influence was felt, no thought was given cessions passing in different directions to fitness of color to occasion, and it was consisted of an elegantly modeled whale- only by foreign teaching that reds and boat fastened firmly to a platform of yellows were reserved for coronations or wicker work thirty feet long by twelve general state functions, while black and wide, and borne on the heads of seventy the sombre colors were appropriated to men. The boat was lined, and the whole funerals. At the funeral of the Princess platform covered, first with imported Pauahi the kahilis made especially for broadcloth, and then with beautiful pat- the funeral were of pure white as in keep- terns of tapa or native cloth of a variety ing with her character. No such dis- of figures and rich colors. The men tinction held in the olden time. I do no c supporting the whole were formed into forget that in the case of cloaks, and to a solid body so that the outer rows only a less degree with kahilis, yellow was a at the sides and ends were 'seen ; and all royal color as with so many oriental na- forming these wore the splendid scarlet tions ; possibly, as has been suggested, and yellow feather cloaks and helmets of from gold the king of metals, but most which you have read accounts ; and than likely from the sun the ruler of earthly which, scarce anything can appear more life. The yellow robes of China, the yel- superb. The only dress of the queen was low umbrellas of the East Indies, the a scarlet silk pa'u or native petticoat, and golden disks of Peru—and we might go a coronet of feathers. She was seated back to the life-giving orb of the Egyp- in the middle of the boat and screened tian Ra—all proclaim the regal essence from the sun by an immense Chinese um- of yellow. brella of scarlet damask, richly orna- The very grand effect of the kahilis mented with gilding, fringe and tassels, carried in the funeral procession of the and supported by a chief standing behind late Queen Liliuokalani will not easily her, in a scarlet malo or girdle and feath- be forgotten by those who were present er helmet. On one quarter of the boat at the function. From every side they stood Karimoku (Kalaimoku) the Prime presented the same aspect, and the grace- Minister, and on the other Naihe, the ful forms added dignity to the stream of national orator, both also in malos of humanity, almost as palms do to a trop- scarlet silk and helmets of feathers, and ical sunset. Nor alone in procession— each bearing a kahili or feathered staff grouped about a throne or a bier they of state near thirty feet in height. The both decorate and add dignity to the upper parts of these kahilis were of scar- place. let feathers so ingeniously and beauti- fully arranged on artificial branches at In concluding this subject, I should tached to the staff as to form cylinders like to recall the description by Rev. C. fifteen or eighteen inches in diameter, S. Richards of a celebration given in and twelve or fourteen feet long; the low- May, 1822, in memory of Kamehameha er parts or handles were covered with the Great. The American Mission had alternate rings of tortoise shell and ivory been in the Islands but two years and na- of the neatest workmanship and highest tive customs had not been greatly modi- polish. fied, at least by the missionaries. It was on the last day of a long revel : "Imperfect as the image may be which "Tameha-maru (Kamamalu, the fa- my description will convey to your mind 254 THE MID -PACIFIC of this pageant of royal device and exhi- sionary exaggerate in his eulogy on the bition, I think you will not altogether con- grand kahilis. Those of us who, in these demn the epithet I use when I say it was latter days of the degeneration of all good splendid. So far as the feather mantles, native works and customs, have seen the helmets, coronets and kahilis had an ef- kahilis wave above royalty, however fad- fect I am not fearful of extravagance in ed—the finely built and naked bronze sta- the use of the epithet. I doubt whether tues that bore the kahilis replaced by there is a nation in Christendom which clumsy, ill-dressed, commonplace bearers at the time letters and Christianity were of neither rank nor dignity—even the introduced, could have presented a court withered rose, most of its fragrance dress and insignia of rank so magnificent gone, has yet appealed strongly to our as these : and they were found here, in admiration and sympathy. The power- all their richness, when the Islands were fully built chiefs, head and shoulders discovered by Cook. There is something above the common crowd, free from all approaching the sublime in the lofty nod- sartorial disfigurements, sustained easily dings of the kahilis of state as they tower the great weight of these towering far above the heads of the group whose plumes ; but the modern bearer, stranger distinction they proclaim ; something con- alike to the strength and virtue of his veying to the mind impressions of greater predecessors, has to call in the aid of stout majesty than the gleamings of the most straps of imported leather to bear the splendid banners I ever saw unfurled." much smaller kahilis of the modern civ- Not in the least does the excellent mis- ilized days. 2"; Japan and the Pacific

By HENRY STEAD, Editor "Stead's Review," AuStralia.

E take Japan's assistance to the anese yards. Such a scheme, they point Allies so much for granted out, would enable the Allies to defeat W that we sometimes fail to refer Germany, would give Japanese statesmen to her doings in the war in fitting man- great influence at the Peace Conference, ner. This the Japanese papers are begin- would provide Japan with a large fleet of ning to point out. Some of these papers, transports which could easily be con- after reciting the manner in which the verted into merchant ships for the con- Japanese Navy has convoyed British veyance of Japanese goods and manufac- troops and helped to sweep the Pacific of tured articles to the furthermost corners raiders, go on to declare that Japan would of the world. It is indeed a pity that be willing to do much more. Would send, the Japanese should find us wanting in if need be, a million soldiers to the west appreciation of what they have done to front, providing the Allies would lend help us, overcome militarism and defeat the shipping, or, better still, pay for the Germany. We do indeed feel ourselves necessary building of transports in Jap- under a great debt of gratitude for the

256 256 THE MID-PACIFIC assistance they have given us, and cannot goods. The Allies purchased gigantic but rejoice that one, at any rate, of the Al- supplies, and Japanese financiers had soon lies should so greatly and directly benefit bought up the shares of foreign bond from her gallant efforts in the ghastly holders, and today, instead of owing for- struggle which has demanded such im- eign countries immense sums of money, mense sacrifices from us. the Japanese have lent much money It is patent to all, of course, that since abroad. Never were there so many mil- the outbreak of war certain things have lionaires about, never was the country so happened which have immensely in- prosperous. Instead of drastically reduc- creased the power of our northern Ally. ing the expenditure on army and navy First of all Japan, thanks to her powerful the Mikado's Government is able to an- fleet and her alliance with Great Britain, nounce a very ambitious programme of who had entirely swept the seas of Ger- shipbuilding which aims to make Nippon man shipping, has been able to secure for the third most powerful naval power in herself all the formerly German islands the world, and to father almost doubled in the Pacific which lie north of the estimates for the increase of the army. Equator. Next Kiao Chau, with its The stronger Japan is the less likeli- great quays and splendidly planned hood there will be of Germany ever be- streets and buildings, has fallen into her coming a Pacific Power again, and as hands, the isolated German garrison that is one thing we dread above all oth- being able to put up but a weak resistance ers, we must rejoice unfeignedly to see to the veteran soldiers of Nippon. Then Japan daily waxing more and more pow- by the agreement which China, much pro- erful in the great ocean which washes testing, ratified in 1915, Japan not only our shores. When we come to think of made her position in Kiao Chau secure, it the war has fallen out most happily for but entered into the German inheritance Japan, for she has reaped great benefits throughout China. Further, the Mikado's at insignificant cost. She has lost only advisers induced the Chinese to consent one small war craft, sunk by a mine or to the appointment of Japanese advisers torpedo outside Kiao Chau, and a few in financial, military, naval and other hundred soldiers who fell in the attack matters, men who must soon exercise a on the German fortress there. For this dominating influence throughout the en- handful of soldiers, this small gunboat, tire Celestial Republic. Not only did she has got islands of immense strategic Japan get these things from China, she value all over the Pacific, has become the secured important railway and milling predominating Power in China, and has concessions, as well as vital trade agree- changed her former parlous financial po- ments. sition for one of affluence, her debts for Before the war Japan had grown ac- credits. Every day the war goes on customed to an adverse trade balance, the Japan must necessarily become more pow- country was deeply in debt, and there was erful, richer and more secure of her po- an increasingly strong movement to re- sition in China and the Pacific. duce expenditure on the army and navy, On top of all these benefits comes the as the people could pay no higher taxes. collapse of Russia, and the need for po- The struggle was not many months old licing Vladivostok and protecting Allied before Japan's trade went up by leaps interests in Manchuria, Mongolia and Si- and bounds. Munition factories sprang beria itself. What power save only Japan up, shipyards worked night and day. can act as protector? If Vladivostok Woollen mills and cotton establishments must be occupied where, except in Nip- began turning out immense quantities of pon, can soldiers for the purpose be THE MID-PACIFIC 257 found? If Mongolia must be policed, war they had the greatest hold on China who but the Japanese can act as police- of all the Powers. During the struggle men? Not, of course, that we dread at they have added the German influence to all the rapid aggrandisement of our Ally, theirs, and exercising thus almost double or view with anything but satisfaction the the control they had before, they won by manner in which she is tightening her the special agreement mentioned above, hold on the German islands which have a pre-eminent place in Chinese affairs. fallen to her share as the spoils of war. Now with cordial American approval All the same it is interesting to see just they have adopted the Monroe Doctrine how much nearer the possession of these for China. That is to say the present islands brings the Japanese to Australia status quo is to stand, but no further ter- and New Zealand. The Marshall Isl- ritorial changes will be allowed. Japan ands are only 2300 miles distant from has in effect nailed a notice, "Hands off," Australian shores. Further, the south- above the Celestial gateway. Naturally ernmost of the Carolines, .3200 miles from American approval of this could not have Tokio, is only 2250 in a direct line from been obtained had Japan not declared that Brisbane, and some of the islands in that she proposed to support the "Open Door" group are less than 1700 miles from policy of the Washington Government. Townsville. Even if the Germans do This is important, because the Japanese manage to get back the island-portion of have hitherto not adopted it, but in Man- their New Guinea colony, we need have churia, at Port Arthur, and in Korea have little fear of them with a Japanese naval shut the door in the face of foreign trad- base firmly established in the Marshall or ers. Even though the- system of unre- Caroline Islands. stricted trade be adopted throughout Viscount Ishii, the distinguished Jap- China, the suggested Monroe Doctrine anese diplomat, who recently went on a must finally confirm Japan in her hold mission to the United States, and has over the Celestial Republic. It is impor- since been appointed ambassador there, tant to realize this, as a Japanese-man- announced what is regarded as a Monroe aged China will be an efficient and pow- Doctrine for the Far East. The Monroe erful China before long—a China of gi- Doctrine proper is a declaration by the gantic possibilities, immense resources, United States that no European Power and a great army. The development of shall acquire territory in the New World, her untouched mineral deposits, the tap- and in practice this has led to the assump- ping of her coal supplies, and the intro- tion, by the United States, of responsi- duction of western methods in the con- bility for the good behavior of the lesser trol of her waterways, canals and roads, Latin American Republics, and in some will in time make China one of the most cases the establishment of direct control formidable Powers in the world. over their finances. The Japanese, it By throwing her wing over China, must be remembered, thanks to recent Japan finally shatters the dreams of those conquest and agreements, have now a who saw in the possible breaking up of dominating position in China. In trade, the great republic golden opportunities finance, military matters, and high politics for territorial aggrandizement, for the their counsellors are ever advising the securing of valuable concessions, and of Chinese. They have secured notable great spheres of interest. By the estab- concessions for the making of railways, lishment of the Monroe Doctrine for for the working of iron, coal and other China, Japan not only protects that coun- mines, for the sale of their goods through- try, but immensely strengthens her own out the whole of China. Even before the position. It is known that there are great 258 THE MID-PACIFIC iron mines in Shantung formerly in the man-degrading and soul-destroying con- German, but now in the Japanese sphere sequences." of influence. Near Mukden and in other That is what Australia wants in the parts of Manchuria are huge and easily Pacific, and in order to co-operate with worked coal deposits. As soon as these Japan it would be a good move if the iron and coal mines are in full working Commonwealth were to appoint a com- Japan will be entirely independent of the missioner or commissioners who might rest of the world, for these highly impor- confer with Japanese statesmen and mer- tant basic supplies, can build merchant- chants concerning the best manner in men—and warships—make hardware — which friendly relations and trade might and cannon—without having to draw a be fostered between the two countries. single ton of steel from India, the United Already, thanks to the Japanese and Aus- States, England or Germany. Cotton tralian competition for the island trade, growing can undoubtedly be greatly de- the islanders have been able to secure sup- veloped in China, and soon Japan could plies at considerably lower rates than for- get all the supplies she needed for her merly, and the same cause has given them millions of spindles without American as- and white traders better prices for their sistance. Japan, with China to draw copra and other produce. That is as it upon, is undoubtedly becoming more and should be, but the benefit of cheap goods more a. self-supporting empire, and will lend competition for home-grown produce in time be able to produce almost every- should not be confined to the semi-civil- thing she requires without applying to ized peoples of the Pacific. What an im- other countries for supplies. mense benefit it would be to Australia to It is not at all difficult to foresee that have a sure market for wool and butter self-supporting, wealthy, dominating and grain in Japan, and to our people to China, and in control of islands spreading get the advantage of the cheap produc- far into the Pacific, Japan must soon be tion which enables Japanese merchants the most powerful of all the Pacific coun- and manufacturers to turn out finely made tries. At one time, we must frankly con- products at a tithe the cost for which fess, such a prospect might have been these could be produced in othe'r coun- viewed with disquiet, but now it is differ- tries. ent. We no longer see in a strong Japan The last decade has demonstrated that a possible menace to the "White Austra- what we are pleased to call the new Jap- lia" policy, for as the Japanese Consul- anese civilization is by no means a flash General said the other day in Sydney : in the pan, but has come to stay. That "The Anglo-Japanese Alliance has been is a fact we must recognize and welcome. baptized in blood, British and Japanese The future of the Pacific is a matter of blood, and blood, we are told, is thicker the greatest moment to us, and seeing that Japan is going to be the dominating than water. . . You may rest assured Power, in the northern half at any rate, that, come what may during or after the we ought to be in as close agreement with war, Japan will be found protecting the her as possible. She is to be a far nearer general peace of the Pacific with all her neighbor than formerly, and, thanks to power, and indefatigably and energetic- her abundant labor and China's resources, ally endeavoring to see that reason and will undoubtedly soon be supplying Aus- tralia with great quantities of goods justice, and the common interests of man- which will reach our ports in ships built kind shall prevail there, instead of the and owned by Japanese, so the sooner we brutal forces of militarism, with all their understand each other well, the better.

SOMETHING OF SYDNEY

From the Diary of

H. A. PARMALEE

YDNEY Station is a fine one, and Entering our train, we found the good seems to me more commodious, old-fashioned, comfortable Yankee style S more convenient, than any I have of car. Felt like old times. Trains start seen, and I have been in the Grand Cen- on the minute and they do go some. tral Station at New York. Wonder if In less than twenty minutes, we had my New York friends would consider reached our friend's residence, miles this remark seditious ? away, and then we took a walk with him All the stranger has to do is to learn over to the "Bowling Green." the proper name of the various lines of Did you ever see a Bowling Green ? railroads. A short glance at the map Or see a game of bowls played? I never will tell him that, the nomenclature is had, and when I saw it, found that I simple and descriptive. The ticket wick- never had had the least idea about it. I ets are numerous, but conspicuous signs had in my reading of English literature, over each, direct him at a glance. Then frequently come to parts where it was he enters the large and lofty waiting mentioned, but had the idea that it was room, and a huge bulletin board so large something like our bowling alleys—nine that "he who runs may read," informs pins. It is nothing of the sort. The him what platform his train departs from. game and its surroundings make it the At the entrance gate to the platform is prettiest, most scientific, healthful, and a large dummy clock over which reads : absorbing game I have ever witnessed. "The next train from this platform leaves First the green : A piece of ground is at—" and then you glance at the dial and selected and made perfectly flat. Speak- the hands point to the time. There are ing correctly—conforming to the surface trains leaving for somewhere every mo- of the earth. As to size, it should, one ment almost, for the suburban traffic here way I should estimate, be 200 feet, and is immense. as to length, as much longer as the 20 260 THE MID-PACIFIC

ground will permit. This unknown quan- Now this is not a strenuous game. The tity is only to give room to as many other first time I saw a man bowl, I thought he teams as can be accommodated. (Should had made a mistake, that the ball had say that each team would require a width slipped from his hand. It was a gentle of forty or fifty feet). The ground, after push and I did not expect the ball to go being as perfectly flat as a billiard table, but a few feet ; but it went, rolled on, is then sodded, watered, rolled and rolled kept on rolling, slowly and noiselessly and again, grass kept shaven constantly. All seemed possessed with life. No billiard this is kept up day after day for a few ball ever moved more smoothly; it was years or so. The result is an absolutely the "poetry of motion." perfect lawn. And woe betide the brute At one time I noticed that several balls that would step on it with hob-nailed were close and surrounded the white ball, shoes. The players might forgive a thief, when it came the turn for an elderly and might be content to only hang a murder- gray-haired man to play. Mr. Browa er, but such a fiend as would desecrate said, "Look ! He is one of our champion a "Green" in the manner above men- players." I could see no chance for his tioned ; well, I suppose they would only ball to get near the white one. He stud- pull his lungs out through his ears with ied the situation a few seconds, and then a cork.trew, tear him limb from limb, carefully and gently started his ball roll- and quietly and serenely jam him down a ing, but away off the course. Wide of posthole. That's all. the mark. The ball kept on and when The players may be barefooted or in almost there, slowly but surely curved stocking feet, but most generally canvas in, and going between others slowly shoes with rubber soles. The game may stopped "Johnnie on the spot." It was be "two-handed" or "four-handed." wonderful. It was marvelous. It is played with lignumvitae balls like Such is bowls. Ladies and girls play out bowling alley balls, but very highly it with men and boys. polished and handled with the same care After lunch we started out for a walk as a billiard ball. The object ball is a somewhere, and naturally drifted toward small white one, very like a golf ball, and a park. And now a word about parks placed on one side of the green. The again. The parks cover one-third of the game is to roll the lignumvitae balls city. across the green, and have them stop as Think of the hygienic value alone. close to the white ball as possible. As I Worth more than a regiment of physi- understand it, when one has placed his cians in Five Points or White Chapel. ball near the white one, it must not be After wandering about a bit we no- knocked away by the ball of his opponent. ticed near the park entrance a tourist Should there be several balls near the car waiting. We went aboard. This white, he must play so that he can give day it was going to Bondi ; did not know his ball a curve and get around them. much about Bondi, but to Bondi we The balls are weighted on one side so would go. We went past Darlinghurst that the player, by placing the weighted Court House, Paddington Barracks, Cen- portion in the proper manner can give tennial Park, and near the Ocean Street the ball a curve ; here is where the science gate, where stands an obelisk marking comes in. the site where the Marquis of Linlithgow The players play from a mat that is signed the Federal Constitution ; then to spread on the ground, so that no harm Bondi Junction, and then to Bondi Beach. can come to the perfect turf. Here were women and children having a THE MID-PACIFIC 261 fine time on the beach and in the water. There is the tiger cat, another "bad A fine bathing beach it is, and it 'un ;" wombat, which resembles our warmed the cockles of our hearts to see woodchuck; echidna, a porcupine ant• the "young 'uns" paddling in the water eater, which lay eggs and places them and digging toes in the sand. There are in a pouch until they are hatched ; lizards, large hotels, merry-go-rounds, shoot-the- my word ! Some forty odd species, from chutes, etc. The car took us back via five feet down to two inches, supposed to Coogee, another beautiful bathing spot be harmless, but they look bad. And I and plenty of bathers, having a good time want to end this paragraph by mention- generally. ing the duck-billed platypus, to my mind Sydney, November 11, 1908. the most curious and unique animal in We visited the Zoo. That covers the the world. It combines the peculiarities whole day. Need I say more? It's not of practically every animal, being amphi- necessary, but I will say that it is the bious, having small, bird-like eggs, a bill largest I was ever in. It made me think like a duck's, a sharp spur like a rooster, that I had been brought up in the back- and suckles its young like an ordinary woods ("back blocks" they would say mammal. here). Oh, if I could mention but half, it We saw everything that wears feath- would fill a book, and remember I am ers, fur or hair, and things that wear speaking of Australian products only. none of the three, but had spikes, or And then the birds ! Such beauties, and scales, or nothing. It would be a waste so numerous that I can only mention a of time to make remarks as to camels, few. What took my fancy most was the llamas, lions, tigers, elephants, bears and kookaburra, or laughing jackass. We those animals usually seen in zoological saw lots of them wild in the woods collections, for we all know that Austra- (bush) on our outings. They "crack lian fauna is the strangest and weirdest their best jokes" early in the morning in the world. Of course, the "ordinary" and at, dusk, and when you hear one for animals are well represented, and each the first time, you burst out laughing, has plenty of room, "according to its even if you have the toothache. The strength." laughing jackass is a much valued bird. But the queer "things" of Australia! He kills snakes—grabs one behind the Kangaroos ! Artemus Ward was right. ears, so to speak, flies up in the air, and They are "amoosin." I had no idea that drops him down on a pile of rocks if he there were so many varieties—seventy- can find any (if not, any very hard place six in all, including kangaroos, wallabies, will do), scoops him up again, gives him tree kangaroos, rat kangaroos, and nail another drop until Mr. Snake is good and kangaroos (so named because of a hard mellow, then eats him. point at the tip of the tail). Then there We admired the most beautiful of is the Tasmanian wolf, which lives on birds, the white peacock, which glistens wallabies ; the Tasmanian devil (ursine like satin in the sunlight, and the lyre dasyure) —a mean little rascal, with pow- erful jaws, and kills animals larger than bird, a close rival in beauty; rifle birds, itself—sheep, for instance, and - that is regent birds, and so on and on to the end enough to place him on the accursed list. of ten chapters. 262 THE MID-PACIFIC

064 A Javanese entertainment.

The Javanese Mind

By ALBERT DAUER

AVA is a land of beauty ; her moun- Javanese dramatic art, which finds ex- tains, rivers, fields, foliage, cities, pression in the shadow-theatre, is filled ej and people, are all beautiful, chis- with examples of nobility, valour, kind- eled by the hand of God, and each factor ness and compassion not to be surpassed in making up the beautiful whole, fits in by that of any country in the world. perfectly with the others. The epic poetry of the Hindoos may And so it is with the Javanese them- have been a model for their own, but a selves—the natives — who have been great many didactic, historic, and other civilized through Aryan thought and books bear the marks of their own na- philosophy. The heroes of the great tive genius. No one denies the orig- Epopees—the Mahabharata and the Ra- inality of the old English authors be- mayana—are as familiar to the Javanese cause they drew inspiration from the people, even of the remotest desas (vil- classical form of diction and tradition. lages) as to the Hindoos themselves. The same holds true in Java, where the Perhaps in Java they are even better prose and poetry—nearly all of the lit- known and loved. . erature is in a peculiar rythmic stanza,

263 264 THE MID-PACIFIC consisting of a certain number of lines guages in this respect ; however, it is not with a fixed number of syllables, and so bad as that. without other rhyme than a compulsory Only seven hundred words serve the final vowel for each of the lines—bear a purpose of addressing a person in a po- distinct mark of nationality. lite or mannered way ; but as these seven The poetical art is very much devel- hundred words include the words most oped and refined, and there is frequent generally needed—besides, some affixes occurrence of alliteration' the use of and prefixes are replaced by others in synonyms with half-hidden allusions, polite speech, the character of the lan- and a great number of metaphors. The guage spoken by the master to his serv- poetry is sung in a peculiar Javanese ant and vice versa, becomes quite scale of five notes, and played by just as changed. Not only will a servant ad- peculiar an orchestra, called the game- dress his master, a child his parents, a lan, consisting of xylophones, bronze much younger wife her husband, and the kettles, and drums. All the Javanese courtier his prince, in "the language of are musical, and the gamelan is played deference," but the superior also takes with great virtuosity, a delight even for care to use modifications and distinctions the European ear. Javanese songs are according to rank and age of the person sweet and tender. addressed. The richness of their composition Politeness is considered a mark of ed- makes them difficult to translate, be- ucation and good breeding. It is clear cause much of their inner meaning and that not many Europeans can boast of connotations, which go with the words sufficient knowledge of these differences chosen for the expression of the ideas, to be able to speak the Javanese lan- is lost. To the Javanese mind, poetry guage as it ought to be spoken. How- opens up whole vistas of deeper philo- ever, there are some who have mastered sophical and religious thought. the finesse of the art, and who are treat- The science of speech is indeed a much ed with great respect by the Javanese, admired. one with the Javanese. In no matter what their station in life. love-making, or in addressing superiors, As refined as the language and the in expressing contempt or dislike, not manners—and often less appreciated, only the pitch of the voice and the in- even by the Europeans—are the master- tonation are changed, but also a separate pieces of the Javanese artisans. A true set of words may be used to denote the artist may be as much delighted with same objects or actions. the old temple sculptures as by the mod- In this language are many grades and ern weavings, plait work and wax paint- shades, indeed. As in all languages of ings. The last named show a delicacy the world, the actions and possessions of touch and a richness of deep and of noble or highly esteemed people may noble colors that stands unsurpassed. be denoted by special words ; the house The Javanese is gifted artistically. In of a nobleman is called a castle, and of her poetical, religious animish, she will a king, a palace. This same custom pre- ascribe her faculties to the benevolent vails in Javanese, only developed to the aid of some fairy, and indeed this art, fullest degree. The use of quite separ- which has outlived the ages, has devel- ate sets of synonyms in addressing one's oped to a high degree of beauty. superiors is not as common as believed. The Javanese has good manners. He The Javanese language has often been is also a keen psychologist and by na- represented as consisting of two lan- ture a philosopher. He is very stoical, THE MID-PACIFIC 265 and it costs much trouble to exasperate is, in his mind, synonymous with him. He does not fear death, and would shrewdness. Still, the few Javanese make a good soldier were he not so who have been able to get a full educa- kind-hearted. He masters his feelings tion, have proven to be very clever. The easily, and would much rather love than Javanese has an open mind and a re- hate. However, he can be very cruel to markable faculty of assimilation. Most animals, killing them if ordered to do of them are eager students, and the de- so with the same pleasure as a cat sports sire for knowledge is becoming greater with captive mice. Still, he has an and greater. They are very accurate if aversion for taking life, be it only ani- taught to be so, but perhaps lack initia- mal life, and would not kill a serpent tive and the necessary faculties for in- even, if not induced to do so by Euro- dependent research.. It may be, how- pean advice or example. ever, that this is only the case for want The Javanese is very religious, but of occasion to develop it, and that the broad and liberal in his conceptions. He dense population of so many millions is not a fanatic. Feeling and intuition may also still have to add to the intellec- go higher with hith than intellect, which tual and technical progress of the world.

The Stage in Java. 266 THE MID-PACIFIC

There are many quiet, shaded avenues in Honolulu where the trade winds sweep beneath the spreading tropical trees, making the city delectable in climate, as it is in every other way. The first frame house built in Honolulu.

In and Around Honolulu

By THOMAS THRUM Agt,

ROM the days of Cook, and Van- establishment of Pearl Harbor naval sta- couver, Hawaii has claimed the tion and various points of defense to ren- F attention of the reading world with der Oahu a veritable Gibraltar of the intense and growing interest, and the Pacific ; our connection with all the world changes that have taken place in recent by cable ; the increasing lines of steam- years have combined to attract this atten- ships in this ocean are all tributary, and tion more and more. There is a charm the Panama canal emphasizes Hawaii's about these islands alike in their delight- advantageous and important position. ful scenery and climate as in the history Diamond Head, landmark of Honolulu, of their civilization, educational, political presents a marvelous view while passing and commercial development, which few down the reef to the entrance of the har- other lands possess. bor. First impressions are said to be Much of this attraction has been from lasting, and nature has so favored Ha- causes within, though much again is the waii that it is a rare occurrence for visit- natural sequence of the world's progress. ors after a tour of the city, or of the Commercial activities and rivalry for islands, not to express the hope to return supremacy on the Pacific was never more for re-enjoyment of place and people. alert, nor so deep the plans in which Vessels on entering port find, with but Hawaii is intimately related as "the rare exceptions, wharfage facilities await- cross-roads of the Pacific" than they are ing them, and as the mail steamers warp today. The heavy expenditures in the in to the dock, numerous native boys

267 268 THE MID-PACIFIC

Honolulu of Twenty Years Ago.

swim about anxious to display their skill Point. A winding road traverses the en- in diving for nickels, or a "nimble six- tire distance and passes through shady pence," that may be thrown in the water. forest glades and wild shrubbery into a The scramble of from six to twenty balmy atmosphere that is attracting public divers after a single coin affords rare attention as an unsurpassed location for sport to strangers. summer cottages. The famous Pali, at the head of Nuu- Another pleasant drive to a command- anu Valley, is six miles from the center ing point is around Punchbowl, an ex- of the city. The road leads through the tinct volcano some 500 feet high, just earlier residence portion of the city, af- back of the city, or a trip up Pacific or fording a view of spacious and well kept Alewa heights, on each side of Nuuanu grounds to the majority of homes, indi- Valley, all of them dotted with comfort- cative of the comfort and taste of our able 'dwellings at an elevation of about residents, then on past stretches of wilder 800 feet. From these points many de- country, flanked on either side by moss lightful views may be obtained. Hono- and fern-banked mountain slopes, till all lulu, hidden for the most part amid lux- of a sudden the gap is reached and the uriant foliage, gives the impression of scenic view of the precipices of Koolau, one large park on the border of the sea. with its rolling table land some twelve To the north of Honolulu are the hundred feet beneath, and the blue Pacific Kamehameha Schools for boys and girls, Ocean in the distance, presents a scene of established for Hawaiians by the will of entrancing beauty. The Pali is made the late Mrs. Bernice Pauahi Bishop. historically famous as the precipice over The Bishop Museum is an exceptionally which the forces of Kamehameha I drove fine institution, noted for the complete- his enemies during the conquest of this ness of its collections of Polynesian an- island in 1795. tiquities. It is free, and open from 10 Next in scenic interest is Mount until 4 o'clock daily except Wednesday Tantalus, a mountain peak some 2,000 and Sunday. feet high, overlooking, not only Hono- Beyond the museum and just beyond lulu, but the stretch of country the King street terminus of the car line ranging from Koko Head to Barber's is Fort Shafter, a military post, with THE MID-PACIFIC 269

beautifully laid out grounds and well of the island to Waialua, where the fine equipped buildings. hotel, Haleiwa, has been erected with Several Waikiki hotels have been built special view to the attraction and com- to meet the growing demand for accom- fort of visitors. Trains to this point con- modation at this famous beach, and they tinue on to Kahuku, the terminus of the afford patrons an excellent vantage line. Visitors taking a railway trip have ground from which to see and enjoy the an opportunity of viewing magnificent rare sport of surf-riding. Pearl Harbor, also of witnessing the in- Just beyond the beach is the celebrated teresting features, en route, in the culti- aquarium, well worth a visit from any vation of rice and sugar cane. At no tourist. The collection of tropical fishes other point, throughout the islands, can is remarkable, showing as it does the these two industries be seen so advan- marvelous colorings, variety and sizes. It tageously working, as it were, side by has been said that "No aquarium can side. Ewa Plantation, or the later estab- boast a collection of fishes more unique lished Oahu Plantation, on lands adjacent in form or coloring." will afford tourists an insight into the Along the central part of Waikiki most modern methods of cane culture and shore is located Fort De Russy, whose sugar manufacture by two of the largest fortifications and permanent buildings concerns of the kind on the island. are in course of construction. At the If time is too limited to permit of any rear or base of Diamond Head is Fort of the above mentioned trips, an obser- Ruger with its increasing military quart- vation tour of the city would be in order, ers, about a mile beyond the Waialae car and an interesting time spent in visiting terminus. the different public buildings and Trains of the Oahu Railway leave grounds, hotels, places of business, and Honolulu thrice daily for Pearl Harbor, the attractive residence portions of the Ewa Plantation and way stations. Two city or its suburbs, and the notable horti- trains continue on to the Waianae Plan- cultural gardens of Mr. S. M. Damon, tation, distant thirty-three miles, and at Moanalua, generously thrown open to from thence around the northern point the public on Saturday afternoons.

Honolulu Harbor from the sea. 270 THE MID-PACIFIC

Civilized life has touched lightly., if at all, the savage of New Guinea. Most wisely the "Government" of the white man encourages his nakedness, for damp clothing means pneumonia.

tc( Some of the Snake Worshipers of New Guinea.

Snake Worship in New Guinea

By W. FRANCIS AHEARN

INCE the white man commenced to and is both omnipresent and omnipotent. make inroads into the territory of He is something of a wonder, too, for he S the natives of Papua (or as it is strikes without being seen, speaks with- better known, New Guinea), much has out being heard ( except by the witch doc- been learned of the superstitions of that tor), and loves and hates at will. He is country. Witch doctors and snakes seem primarily a bad god and among his pow to play a very important part in the en- ers is that which he gives to witch doctors vironment of the New Guinea native. to collect money in his name. Truly Snake worship is as much a cult with "Many things will you do in my name." the native as sun-worship was with the The Australian Commonwealth Gov- ancients. To the native of New Guinea ernment has been studying the influences the snake is the material symbol of the of Baigona for the past twelve months. God Baigona, who lives in a mountain Experts have been finding out all they

271 272 THE MID- PACIFIC can regarding the snake worship of this he must respect all snake life. When the country, and they all agree on one point man without the stomach went to his na- and it is this—Baigona is a force to be tive village the villagers were sore afraid reckoned with in that country. The and the fear of him spread throughout mountain where he has taken up his resi- the country. So the cult spread till to- dence has never been seen as yet by a day every native of the land holds Bai- white man, neither has Baigona showed gona in veneration and dares not kill his presence to them. But it may be be- snakes. cause white men have a very summary Some time last year the missionaries way of dealing with §nakes and give the came to a village where a witch doctor native his due, he is a shrewd man and by the name of Eroro was at. work. not at all likely to give away the winning Thinking there was more money in the hand as far as Baigona goes. Christian business he took to it with zeal A New Guinea native would not touch and was a constant attendant at the mis- a snake, even if it crawled over him. Bai- sionary camp. But as there did not seem gona has given very decided instructions to be much in the missionary business he that neither snake, lizard, shark or croco- said the missionaries were after all only dile is to be harmed in any way. The in- entertainers. He knew a great deal structions of the god are communicated about herbs, in fact, he was a pure bred per the witch doctor. A witch doctor by herbalist and had lotions for wounds and the name of Galaribari seems to be the leaves for plasters. With these he would right-hand man of Baigona. He alone work on a sick man, calling all the time, holds the secret by which men are initiat- "Baigona, Baigona, come out, come out." ed into the cult of Baigona. He, of He had an assistant whose duty it was course, charges fees, and is getting a fair to chew ginger and spit it all over the bank account out of the business. Many body of the sick man. Now Eroro was men come to him and on payment of a something of an honest man. He believed fee are inculcated into the faith. These in no cure no pay. If he could not ef- men on their part go back to their vil- fect a cure he returned the money and lages and while they do not tell the se- closed down the show by saying that the crets of the cult they tell them of the disease the man had was a white man's greatness of the god and so get their disease and of course Baigona was no faith in the religion of the snake god. good at diseases of the white man. Being When people are to be initiated into a native man's god made the difference, the faith of Baigona, there is a ceremony and well, you see—. Sometimes he re- in which the people are smeared with a ceived tobacco for the job and as in most herb that is procured from the bush, after cases he would have smoked it ere he gave which they are given a smack by the up the job he couldn't very well return witch doctor and sent to wash in the sea. it and so he would give his patients who Then they are baptized into the faith. As paid with tobacco leaf small necklets when to the beginning of this faith it is said no cure was made. I have been thinking that Baigona took a man into the bush it would be a good thing if we had Chris- many years ago and tore his belly out of tian doctors as honest as Eroro. him. Putting it into a basket he gave it Some of the witch doctors are scien- back to the man, and thus gave him power tific to say the least. They learned the sci- to cure, kill, or do what he liked, accord- ence of massaging with curative oils and ing to the strength of the money market they worked on their patients till they at the time. For this power he was told had drawn the evil spirits "down to the THE MID-PACIFIC 273

fingertips" Then for a theatrical ef- to secure spirits, such as whisky from the fect, they would call in the whole village white man, the witch doctor generally to assist in the final drop-curtain scene. has a fit, and froths at the mouth. Stran- The village boys would sing, the girls ger still, whisky seems to be the only would dance and the old villagers would cure. sit around and smoke and meditate on the The ignorance of the New Guinea na- wonders of Baigona. Then the evil spirits tive is astonishing. Among other things, would be drawn from the finger tips with he dearly loves to be vaccinated. He con- a flourish. siders it a remarkable thing, especially if Only once has it been known that a the swelling or after sickness is particu- snake has been killed. That was in the larly severe. Opi River District. At once there was The Governor of the Territory, who is a commotion. The witch doctor of the under the jurisdiction of the Australian district was sent for, and he obtained the Commonwealth, says it is almost certain body of the snake and caused a motion of that when the white man gets properly the head, and gave out that the native into the interior much will be learned of who killed it would die in a few days. He head hunting, cannibalism and other put the body of the snake on a canoe, fiendish customs. It is true that there is with some cocoanuts, and other food and much danger to the white man pushing necklaces and set it adrift. Sure enough into the bush, but the Australian Govern- a native fell ill in a day or two and of ment has decided that every mile of the course the villagers said he must have land is to be laid bare to the eye of the killed the snake. So much did he fear white man. This is being gradually done Baigona that he killed himself. by the opening of strong police districts. Baigona witch doctors get very rich. Should there be revealed stories of can- They, of course, effect cures sometimes. nibalism and the like, we will doubtless If they fail at first there is always the remember the words of one of the earli- chance of a second fee, so it is not at all est explorers of that country, who said : remarkable that the first attempt fails. "It is easier to cross the Alps with an They take payment in pigs, dogs, tobacco alpenstock than to cross an ordinary hill and so on. They give in return a kind of in New Guinea with a Winchester rifle." insurance over death and from spirits. The Governor of the Territory says : If they cannot get fees they threaten "The object of extending the Govern- death and famine. When the white man ment influence is to stop cannibalism, interferes and tells the witch doctor it is head-hunting, Baigona worship and other time he put the shutters up and persuades horrors, the existence of which is a dis- him to do so with a revolver at his chest, grace to Australia. We will extend the the doctor comes to the conclusion that it area open to recruiting, and thus increase is a wise thing to do so, and so he retires the numbers of laborers available for the from business and lives on what he has plantations. Outside our influence, made. scenes of violence and bloodshed are as Baigona witch doctors live very well. common as of old. It is not until a sta- Their gardens are tended by the villagers tion is opened up that we hear of the on fear of harm, or in payment for serv- atrocities. When we have finally opened ices rendered. All the witch doctor does up the Territory there is no doubt that it is to smoke, and decorate his face with will be found ablaze with crime. If this red paint, or deck his head with feathers. is so, it may safely be concluded that we It is a very remarkable thing that when have done our duty, for once the crime is any of the villagers have the good luck discovered we will soon put an end to it." 274 THE MID-PACIFIC

The walls of Milford sound rise a mile sheer from the placid waters and in all the world there is no such scenic wonderland as that adjacent to "Milford."' Approaching the region of Milford Sound.

Milford The Marvelous Sound

By T. W. WHITSON

Milford, the most northerly of the As we enter from the sea in front of West Coast Sounds, though com?ara- us rises a mass of cloud-capped rock, but tively inconsiderate in extent, in mag- surely the riven crack we dimly see does nificence of scenery and grandeur of not mark a channel through which a boat design, far surpasses them all. "The can pass. On we steam, however, and mountains by which it is surrounded are, our hearts almost stand still as the ves- with the exception of Mount Cook, the sel speeds on to seemingly inevitable des- highest on the Coast, and its narrow truction. To right and left and over- entrance, apparently still more contracted head nothing is visible but stupendous by the stupendous cliffs which rise per- bulk. We are told that on the right rises pendicular as a wall from the water's Mitre Peak (556o ft.), and on the left edge to a height of several thousand feet, Pembroke Peak (6710 ft.), but names or invests Milford Sound with a character heights have no signification to us as yet. of solemnity and grandeur which des- We are only oppressed with the feeling cription can barely realize." of the vastness of everything, and the

275 276 THE MID-PACIFIC

haze which hangs over all intensifies it suggested the name of the Lion Rock to four-fold. Away up the mass a belt of the terminal spur of Kimberley, and clouds bars for a moment our line of vis- turning its tail, as it were, we are in ion, but raising our eyes still higher we Harrison Cove, where the steamer comes see the clouds mark only a break, and slowly to a stop. The rain has moderated that away, soaring above them, loom considerably, and as the clouds rise up- dark and terrible mountain heights, their wards we can see more and more of the summits hidden in the lowering sky. The scene around us. The cove in which fissure in the rock widens at our nearer we are lies at the foot of a precipitous approach, and, slowing down, the air ravine, formed by the back of the Lion darkening as we pass, we enter with and the ascent of Pembroke, upon whose bated breath the narrow gateway, and massive sides repose vast glaciers, the find ourselves in Milford Sound. We clear whiteness of the snow merging into have seen nothing like this before ! the dark shade of the solid ice. Preci- On each side rise perpendicular masses pices of ice and snow rise one above the of rock, down whose bare and precipitous other until the clouds stop further vis- fronts fall numberless streams of water ion, and we can only see in spirit the —none pursuing a winding course down silent, everlasting glacier that, many the mountain side, their track marked by thousand feet above us, forms the sum- the wooded walls enclosing them — but mit of mighty Pembroke. Held between falling in a straight unbroken line the rocky walls that grip them, these through many thousand feet of space masses of ice and snow, threatening the into the dark waters beneath. In some lower space, seem cases the falls, as if tired with their long "Torrents, methinks, that heard a and stageless journey, give way when mighty voice, half way down the cliff and disappear in mist and spray. Slowly and silently pass- And stopped at once amid their ing up the Sound, a turn of the channel maddest plunge." brings to view the largest falls we have All around us, marshalled in grim array. yet seen. Issuing from the rock in rise towering heights whose tops are three springs, they meet 400 feet from mostly hid from view. The divided sum- the base, and descend in un unbroken mits of Mitre Peak, untrodden as yet fall on the surface of the water, throw- by human foot; its lofty neighbors, ing back volumes of foam and spray in Mount Phillips and the Lawrenny Peak, the rebound. The immensity of rock rising shelf upon shelf, each paved with around us, however, dwarfs the propor- ice, until a field of snow is reached 6700 tions of the Stirling Falls ; and, while feet above us. Directly in front, and we cannot help admiring their beauty, forming the head of the Sound, rising their actual magnitude fails to affect us. in one huge, solid block of perpendicular Winding our way slowly onwards, the wall 400o feet overhead, stands Sheer- air darkens perceptibly as we pass the down Hill, aptly so named, parting by rocky shoulder of Mount Kimberly, a its enormous bulk the valleys of the precipitous wall rising 250o feet sheer Rivers Cleddau and Arthur. Adjoining from the water's edge, unbroken by shelf it the Barren Ranges rear their lofty of any kind, but seeming as if formed by heads 5125 feet into the sky, and from one clean cut of a giant knife, through a lower ledge of these, fed by glaciers which the water sprang that bears us hid from view, descend the glorious now between the clefts. Still gliding on Bowen Falls. Not like ordinary falls we mark the strong resemblance which are these, descending in unbroken line, THE MID-PACIFIC 277 or winding round obstructing crag. Not home. On a small strip of level land seen until shooting over a rocky ledge, just past the Bowen Falls, we can .dis- high up the mountain side, the rushing tinguish some small huts, and a building stream falls on a projecting crag some of somewhat more pretension. This is 70 feet below, from which, hurled back the "City of Milford," the home of Don- with awful force, it seems to gather ald Sutherland, who has immortalized greater strength himself by the discovery of the largest "To spring at once with sudden leap waterfall in the world, which now bears Down from the immeasurable steep." his name. Sutherland is a miner who and falls into the water 470 feet below, established himself at the head of Mil- an awful mass of seething foam and ford Sound in 1877, and who has lived spray. a sort o f hermit life on the same spot Grand as the Bowen Falls are, even to ever since. While engaged prospecting our eyes, prepared for them by the in the bush he discovered the Fall on previous sight of the Stirling Falls, they the loth of November, 1880. He visited are dwarfed by their mighty surround- the spot again in 1883, and although he ings. Removed from their present lo- made known the existence of the Fall, cation, and placed where Nature in more people were sceptical of his story, and smiling mood had been less lavish of her its inaccessibility stood in the way of gifts of mountain and of peak, the Bowen confirming his discovery. At length, in Falls would strike us more with awe and 1888, the Government despatched a sur- wonder; but here, where everything is veyor to verify the position and measure on a titanic scale, they lose their ma- the height of the Fall, with the result jesty, and seem little more than a rush- that it was found to measure. 1,904 feet ing turbulent stream. Hemmed in by from top to bottom, divided into three everlasting hills, scarce half a mile sepa- leaps, the upper leap 815 feet, the middle rating one shore from the other, we seem 751 feet, and the lower 338 feet, while shut out from all sympathy with the the scenery surrounding it was of the world we have left, and in the awful soli- grandest and most picturesque descrip- tude of the place the sense of man's lit- tion. Since then a track has been made tleness and insignificance becomes almost to the spot, and year after year an in- oppressive. As if to crush us more ut- creasing number of visitors come to feast terly, and intensify our feeling of help- their eyes upon this wonder. The water- lessness, a lightning flash gleams vivid fall is situated in the valley of the Arthur across our eyes, and the roar of the River, and is about 14 miles inland from crashing thunder reverberating among the head of Milford Sound.• It can be the mountains, and waking echo after approached from Lake Te Anau, through echo, almost cows us by its violence. Yet the Clinton Valley, and over McKinnon's even in this solitude man has made a Pass.

Any one of a thousand inlets, 278 THE MID-PACIFIC Vladivostok, The Far North City

By a Correspondent of the National City Bank of New York.

LADIVOSTOK, which ten years a few months in the summer. The Rus- ago was so little known in the sian Government found an all-year port V world that it did not even appear on the Arctic Ocean and began the build- in the lists of important cities of Asia, ing of a long railway to it. But for sprang suddenly into world-wide fame quick, safe transportation into Russia when the war shut off Russia from easy from the United States, the railway ma- maritime access at the west, being the terials, locomotives, war materials, struc- eastern terminus of the Trans-Siberian tural steel, machinery, etc., that was Railway and Russia's only developed Si- bound for the eastern front of the war berian port on the Pacific. The Germans went to Vladivostok and was conveyed had made shipping impossible by way a round six thousand miles by rail across of the Baltic. Munitions and merchan- Siberia. dise could go across Scandinavia by rail, It is anybody's guess what Vladivostok and the port of Archangel was open for will amount to in the future. Will it be-

279 280 THE MID-PACIFIC come the port of export and import for The town has one of the most beauti- the rich hinterland that extends back to ful harbor situations in the world. A Lake Baikal, with its reputed coal and hilly tongue of land extends into a deep- iron and copper, with splendid timber re- indented bay of the Japan Sea, with out- sources, agriculture and grazing ? No- lying islands. Vladivostok is set upon body knows, now. Much depends upon this peninsula, which is about three miles the political future of Russia and the Far wide and has the five-mile wide Amur East. If there should be no change in Sound on one side and the Sound of As- Russia's territorial policies and the Rus- suri on the other. Ships may lie at an- sia of the future continues the former chor in comparative calm on these waters, policy of developing Vladivostok as the but Vladivostok is still further favored. Russian doorway to Siberia, this far- "The Golden Horn," a narrow, curving away outpost of commerce will con- bay, half a mile wide and nearly two tinue to grow as it was growing even miles long; deep enough for the biggest before the war came. But without some ships, indents the point of land and gives artificial directing of Siberian commerce Vladivostok an inner harbor as still as through Vladivostok, commercial access a mill-pond. The town is built on sloping to the developing regions of Eastern Si- hills surrounding the "Horn." beria may be by way of Dalny and the Twenty years ago, according to the warm Yellow Sea. very sparse description of the place that If anyone will take the map of Asia, can be found, the town had a population as it has been printed since the Russo- of about 23,000. It was inhabited by a Japanese War, he will see the natural mixture of Russians, Siberian natives, competition of the new-born seaports of and many Chinese. The garrison was an Manchuria and Siberia, Dalny and Vladi- important fraction of the whole popula- vostok, one dominated by Japan, the other tion. The proportion of women to men a Russian port. Two generations ago, was small. It was like a frontier town. Vladivostok was the natural outlet of Si- But by 1914, the town had grown to beria. The great natural transportation have 95,000 inhabitants, and there had facility, the Amur River, penetrated far been, of late years, a steady improvement into the interior. Its mouth is away up of permanent business interests in the to the north, in the .Okhotsk Sea, ice- place. It had acquired an electric tram- bound half the year round, but its navi- way, a handsome terminal station, a Rus- gable tributary, the Ussuri, penetrated sian department store, three large hotels the valley southward to within a few and a dozen boarding-houses listed as days' journey by wagon or sledge of hotels. Its business directory showed au- Vladivostok. The port had been founded tomobile sales-rooms, many drug stores, and garrisoned with the view of develop- furniture houses, sporting-goods stores, a ing it. When, however, Russia began a long list of hardware, clothing, carpet, policy of domination of Manchuria, and toys, glassware, leather goods and dry became possessed of Port Arthur, Vladi- goods shops, a salesroom for agricultu- vostok was for a time neglected, and if ral implements, a number of important the Japanese had not taken that port merchant banking houses that engaged in there would now be only a small local export and import business, a tannery, canning factories, ceramic plant, paint distribution from Vladivostok. After manufacturing, etc. Importations through the Japanese dominance in Eastern Man Vladivostok in 1913 amounted to nearly churia, Russia again began favoring $27,000,000 in value. The exports were Vladivostok. less than a third as great. THE MID-PACIFIC 281

Vladivostok has been for a number of The Russian authorities were finally com- years the seat of an institute for the study pelled to issue a notice forbidding the of Oriental languages, founded by the landing of any goods not intended for Russian Government. There is not only the government. a cathedral of the Russian Orthodox The port had been doing an enormous Church, but a Roman Catholic church, miscellaneous business. The war-time several Protestant churches, and temples population of Vladivostok has been put of religion supported by Japanese, Kor- at 150,000 and even higher. Thousands ean and Chinese residents. The city was of new dwellings, new stores, and many the seat of the government of the mari- warehouses have been built, so that there time province of Siberia. is basis for a permanent advantage for The inclosure of the Japan Sea is one Vladivostok in this particular over its of Vladivostok's handicaps. It puts the rivals. At latest reports, just after the Siberian port further away from the revolution, there had been a decided im- Pacific sailing routes because of the angle provement in the operation of the Trans- that navigation must make around Japan, Siberian Railway. Long trains, hauled and makes Dalny nearer by about two by American locomotives, were leaving hundred miles. daily for the West. There had been Vladivostok lies only 43 degrees of much destruction of valuable merchan- latitude north, about the same as Boston, dise exposed to the weather during the but the winter cold is ordinarily severe worst of the blockade, but an attempt enough to freeze up the waters of the was being made to save everything pos- bay during two months. During most of sible. the year, the climate of Vladivostok is There is coal, iron, timber, hides, furs, said to be exceptionally delightful. The and wheat to be had in quantity in Vladi- handicap of the ice has been largely elimi- vostok's exclusive hinterland to the north, nated by the use of Government ice- besides the product of the Baikal region. breakers, that keep a passage clear. That the port has received three times as There is some floating ice in the Sea of great a value of goods as it has exported Japan, brought down along the coast by crude materials shows that, so far, it is currents from the north. It sometimes more important as a railway terminal necessitates careful sailing by ship cap- than as the commercial headquarters of a tains. production section of Siberia. But as When the flood of American shipments the countries on the Pacific develop in- of all kinds of merchandise to Russia dustry, and need the iron and the wheat, via the Trans-Siberian Railway came up- Eastern Siberia will find a stimulus for on Vladivostok, the harbor and rail facili- development. The Baikal region may ties were not equal to it and an unpre- become an industrial one, shipping both cedented blockade resulted. Ships came West and East. It is believed that Vladi- in, thronged the harbor, and unloaded on vostok will continue its growth, even if the shore of the Golden Horn. It was rivals outstrip it, and much is going to de- impossible to load trains and get them pend upon whether Russia matches Jap- away. Piles of crates, boxes and bales an's help for Dalny with a policy of rate of goods, machinery and perishables, differentials on the railroad in favor of were stacked twenty and thirty feet high. Vladivostok. 282 THE MID-PACIFIC

Erammaimmuraccacm _____

This is the tvhe of vessel now on the weekly run between Son Fran- cisco and Batavia, via Honolulu, so that now at the cross roads of the Pacific all races of the ocean meet and mingle. Some of the trade routes between Java and other islands of the Netherland; India.

¢13=EM California's New Trade with the East Indies By JOHN H. GERRIE Editor of "Pan-Pacific"

IKE an Arabian Nights tale is were formally introduced by enterpris- the record of trade expansion be- ing Holland traders, and immediately [A tween San Francisco and the became brothers in barter. Dutch East Indies. A twentieth cen- The Magic Wand tury Aladdin rubbed the lamp of com- merce and, behold ! The great war was the magic wand that threw them together, but, having There sprang into existence a new learned of each other's needs and re- route of merchandise interchange across sources, it will take more than the great the seven seas ! war to put them asunder. The Dutch Almost over-night, trade sprang up East Indies produce in profusion much in ever-strengthening volume, where lit- that the United States need and do tle trade had been before. San Francisco, not produce at all, while, on the other on the Pacific Coast of America, and Ba- hand, the American nation grows or tavia, facing the Java Sea, hitherto manufactures many forms of merchan- commercially as far apart as the Poles, dise essential to the peoples of Java 284 THE MID PACIFIC and Sumatra, but not indigenous to merce, however, being slightly in excess those favored islands. of the year before, with the amount standing at $670,758. So it was that the nibbles in com- merce between these far-separated coun- It was in 1916 that the full effect of tries, before the European conflagration the war was felt in world commerce dislocated trade routes and blocked the and the dislocation of established routes, home ports of the Netherlands, sud- with the hazards of making European denly became transformed to an inter- ports, gave the first real impetus to change of splendid proportions, .sensa- trade between San Francisco and the tional in its sudden avalanche of aggre- Dutch East Indies. This was aided in gate values. the diversion of Netherland steamer It began with the war, or, to be ex- lines from Rotterdam to San Franciko. act, after war influence had become Exports Suddenly Soar dominant on every route, in every port and every trade center. Up to the fate- In that year exports from San Fran- ful summer of 1914 there was a small cisco suddenly vaulted from thousands trade by occasional steamer between the into millions, the value reaching $2,- Golden Gate and the chief ports of Java 295,029, which gain was multiplied and Sumatra. There came from the more than four-fold in the twelve island dependencies of Holland a fair months of 1917, when export values quantity of India rubber, some hides, set a new high mark of $10,689,647. tin, cocoa, spices, and vegetable fibre. But even more Aladdin-like was the In exchange there went out to the isl- flight in import values from the islands ands a number of manufactured articles, These soared to $5,787,929 in 1916, chiefly in iron and steel. which, though startling enough, was Machinery, galvanized iron, nails, only a stepping stone to the wonderful wire and pipe comprised the bulk of record of $42,370,527 in 1917. The in- the exports. There were small ship- crease in imports in 1917 over 1916 ments of California products, such as was $36,582,598, a record without par- dried, canned and preserved fruits, with allel in so far as this port was con- a growing trade in canned salmon and cerned. The aggregate commerce had other fish. jumped from $670,758 in 1915 to $8,- Pre-War Condition 081,958 in 1916 and to the wonderful height of $53,060,176 in 1917. What These pre-war conditions prevailed will it be in 1918 ? throughout 1914, when exports via the Golden Gate to the East Indies totaled In the last calendar year the chief in value only $129,118, while imports articles of export via the Golden Gate from the islands to San Francisco ag- to the Dutch East Indies were auto- gregated $410,261, making a grand to- mobiles, hydraulic cement, dynamite, tal value in commerce between these fertilizers, steel products, car wheels, distant lands for the year of $539,379. wrought pipes and switches, condensed In the year of the Pan-Pacific Inter- milk, fuel oil, linseed oil and malt liq- national Exposition, 1915, the East In- uors in bottles. The chief imports from dian exports from San Francisco in- the islands were crude India rubber, creased to $315,559, while imports on sisal, cereals (sago and tapioca), cocoa- the other hand slumped slightly ti nut meat and oil, tea, tin bars, peanuts $355,199, the aggregate value of com- and pepper. THE MID-PACIFIC 285

Expansion in Chief Articles Of cocoa, there came from the isl- ands in 1916 831,000 pounds, against To afford a clearer understanding of 124,000 pounds in 1914; of cocoanut the tremendous expansion in the chief oil, in 1916, 3,519,000 pounds, against articles of export and import between 407,000 pounds in 1915, and none in the two countries and also to indicate the proportion of that trade via San 1914; of pepper, in 1916, 15,778,000 Francisco, the following figures of trade pounds, and in 1914 but 1,295,000; of etween the United States and the kapoc, the new vegetable fiber, about Dutch East Indies are taken from a one million dollars' worth in 1916, compilation by the National City Bank against about one-third of that sum in of New York, which shows that the 1914. The largest item in the in- trade in the fiscal year 1917 (ended crease of imports from the islands was June 30th) was more than that of rubber, of which the value in 1917 five years immediately preceding the was $27,240,000 against $286,000 in war. 1914, or practically one hundred times as much in both quantity and value Imports from the islands in the fiscal in 1917 as in 1914. In a few articles, year 1914, all of which preceded the notably coffee and leaf tobacco, the war, were but $5,234,000, but jumped quantity from the islands in 1917 was to $9,246,000 in 1915 ; $27,717,000 in slightly less than in 1914. 1916 and $62,011,000 in 1917. Exports from the United States to the Dutch This increase in imports from the isl- East Indies, which were in 1914 $3,- ands was accompanied by a large in- 767,000, advanced to $7,401,000 in 1916 crease in exports to them. The value and $21,191,000 in 1917. Thus our of merchandise exported to the Dutch trade with the islands in 1917 was nine East Indies in 1917 was $21,191,000, times as great as that of 1914, the fis- against $7,401,000 in 1916 and $2,772,- cal year immediately preceding the war. 000 in 1915. This increase occurred in a large number of articles—auto- Of India rubber, of which San Fran- mobiles, of which the exports to the cisco's total imports a year ago were islands in 1916 (the latest year for nearly three times as great as in the which details are available) numbered year before the war, she took from the Dutch East Indies in 1917, 45,000,000 1064, against but 105 in 1915. pounds, against 463,000 pounds in 1914, In a very large number of manufac- or nearly ten times as much in 1917 tures of iron and steel, there is a as in 1914. Of hides, for which Ameri- marked increase, the total value in iron ca is ransacking the world, the imports and steel manufactures to the islands from The Netherland-East Indies were 8,000,000 pounds in 1917, against less having been in 1916, $2,281,000, against than 500,000 pounds in 1914. Of tin, $850,000 in 1914, and a much larger of which the 1916 imports were the total in 1917. largest in the history of the trade, the And so this tale from the Arabian total coming direct from the Dutch Nights has actually taken place, for the East Indies were 14,000,000 pounds, figures in tons, dollars and cents have against but 56,000 pounds from the'se islands in 1914, and 826,000 pounds been cited, and the rich benefits have from Netherlands. been reaped at both ends of the line. 286 THE MID-PACIFIC

The Hawaiians of old kept their skins and bodies in perfect condition, only those best fitted for strenuous outdoor life were apt to sur- vive in times of overpopulation and famine. • An Hawaiian fisherman.

Ancient Hawaiians

By PROFESSOR VAUGHAN MAcCAUGHEY. College of Hawaii, Honolulu.

HE primitive Hawaiian type is sketch of the bodily characteristics of rapidly vanishing. Like many of the typical native in the prime of his T- the island peoples of the Pacific, "golden age." The pathetically rapid contact with the white race has wrought shrinkage of the native population may Ear more woe than weal. The Cauca- be visualized from the following data. sian vices were acquired with greater Captain Cook's estimate in 1778, of the facility than were the sober virtues, and native Hawaiian population, was 400,- a variety of influences, racial and soci- 000. Five decades later, in 1823, the ologic, have led to the decimation of census showed only 142,000. At the what was at one time one of the finest close of another decade the native pop- races. ulation dropped to 130,000, a shrinkage It is not the purpose of this paper to of 12,000, or at the rate of 100 decrease delineate the successive stages in the ex per month. The next interval of thir- tinction of the ancient Hawaiian, nor to ty-six years .witnessed a frightful de- analyze the complex factors that have so rapidly undermined the race, but crease of two-thirds of the total popu- rather to present a somewhat detailed lation, 'reducing the natives to 44,000.

287 288 T H E MID-PACIFIC

In 1900 there were but 30,000; the past Anthropologists agree that the ancient ten years have brought a decrease of Hawaiian was one of the finest physical over 10,000, and today, in 1918, there types in the Pacific, and compared very are probably not 16,000 pure-blooded favorably with the best types from any Hawaiians. other part of the world. They were tall ' The official statement of population and well developed, with splendidly as given in the last report of the Gov- shaped torsos, and fine muscular limbs ernor of Hawaii, records—in round of excellent proportions. According to numbers-26,000 native Hawaiians for measurements compiled by Topinard, 1910 and 24,000 for 1915, a decrease of the Hawaiians have greater manual 2,000, or over 7 per cent. in five years. strength than the Micronesians, Austra- The part-Hawaiian population is given lians, Negroes, Iroquois, Chinese, as 12,500 for 1910, and 14,800 for 1915, French seamen, or American soldiers, an increase of 2,200, or 18 per cent. for and are only surpassed by the Iroquois five years. It should be emphasized in strength of back. The average height that a large portion, perhaps 30 per was about five feet ten inches, and many cent., of the natives listed in the above of the chiefs were over six feet. A skel- figures as "native Hawaiians," are not eton from one of the ancient burial caves in fact, pure-blooded Polynesians, but measured six feet seven and three-quar- have varying proportions of mixed ters inches, and, as Bryan states, "there blood. They have intermarried freely, is sufficient evidence to establish the both in and out of wedlock, with all who fact that men of even larger stature came to their shores, since the days of were by no means unusual." the first explorers, so that today it is The physique of the chiefs and their practically impossible to absolutely de- families was so superior to that of the termine pure lines of descent. common people that some anthropolo- In striking contrast with the degen- gists have thought them to be of a dif erate mixtures that characterize the ferent tribe or race. The difference is modern native stands the records of the not to be accounted for in this way, how- first explorers as to the splendid and ever, but rather to the excellent care beautiful physique of the primitive Ha- taken of the children of the nobility. waiian. Captain Cook, the first Eng- their better food and other conditions of lish discoverer of the islands, describes life, and their healthful sports and ex- the chief, Kane-ena as "one of the finest ercises. The drudgery was done by the men I ever saw. He was about six feet common people and slaves ; the chiefs high, had regular and expressive fea- devoted themselves to the development tures, with lively, dark eyes ; his car- of bodily and mental superiority. riage was easy, firm, and graceful." The physical superiority of the Bryan, in his "Natural History of Ha- chiefs is striking negative evidence waii," states : against the popular belief in the bad "At the time of the discovery of the habits of in-breeding. The chieftain class Hawaiians they were physically one of married habitually within itself, very the most striking native races of the commonly within the same family. Fre- world. . . as a race they were tall, quently a chief married his own sister, shapely, and muscular, with good fea- in order that the offspring might have tures and kind eyes. In symmetry of the highest rank. These very close in- form the women have scarcely been sur- termarriages were a permanent policy of passed, if equalled, while the men ex- the Hawaiian nobility during a period celled in muscular strength." of at least many hundred years. There THE MID-PACIFIC 289 is absolutely no evidence of deteriora- eral operators) gave an exceedingly tion of any sort. On the contrary, all thorough and vigorous massage, not who saw the chiefly classes in the early only rubbing, but also kneading, press- days agree as to their striking bodily ing, thumping, pulling, and using a and mental superiority. number of other motions peculiar to the The color of the Hawaiian was an art. The noble person receiving the olive-brown or rich brown, never black massage would commonly sleep during nor conspicuously reddish. The com- this highly beneficial performance, mon people, who were constantly en- which often lasted for several hours. gaged in fishing, field labor, and the like, Many of the chiefs and women of were usually darker, through exposure their families have been remarkable, not to the weather, than the chiefs and wom- only for their height, but also for their en of rank, who avoided the sun. The weight. Four hundred pounds was for- variation in hue was considerable, rang- merly not unusual for one of this fa- ing from a light coffee brown to a dark vored class, and three hundred pounds reddish-brown. Occasionally there was was a prevalent weight among the no- a distinct olive tint. After intermingling bility. This corpulence was much more with Europeans this range of color was, common among the women than the of course, greatly accentuated with the men, and was due to a variety of factors. varying degrees of hybridism. A distinctive character of the ancient The skin of the healthy, well-kept Ha- Hawaiian, and of the Polynesian peoples waiian was by no means unattractive. generally, was the ease and grace with Coupled with their superb physique it which the limbs were habitually moved. gave them the appearance of "burnished The gait of the men and women alike statues" or "bronze Greek gods." It is was almost invariably graceful, smooth a matter of common observation among and dignified. The stately deportment travelers that in the dark-skinned peo- of the chiefs and priests is noted by all ples the nude figure does not give the the early explorers. The Polynesian impression of lack of clothing—there is mode of walking lacked all of those ner- absent that glaring contrast which the vous, perky motions that are so charac- white body exhibits when disrobed. teristic of many European peoples. The When the Hawaiians saw white men for beautiful muscular development, and the the first time, they thought that the lat- absence of nervous temperament, were ter were suffering from some serious alike manifested in the tranquil poise skin disease. and unhurried gait of the primitive Ha- In the ancient regime the better class waiian. of natives kept their skins in excellent In the movements of the arms a simi- condition, through daily baths in the lar grace and control was distinctive. sea and in fresh water, and by oiling the The gestures of the orator or chief were body with coconut oil. The cheeks of smooth, sweeping, and as impressive and the young men and maidens were rosy, finished as those of a cultivated white and the skin gave every evidence of man. In the dances the arms played a abounding vitality. very important part—many of the The chiefs and women of rank kept "dances" were performed by large num- their skin and bodies in perfect condi- bers of persons seated—and were moved tion through an elaborate system of with beautiful rhythm. In those dances lomi-lomi, or massage. The body was in which a large company participated stretched at full length on the mats, and the movements of each individual were the operator (sometimes there were sev- coordinated with extraordinarily precise 290 THE MID-PACIFIC

harmony with those of the others, a outer angles of the elbows, particularly rhythmic precision far more accurate of the girls, were vigorously massaged, than that, for example, of the modern as a sharply pointed or angular elbow Occidental ballet. was looked upon as a very ugly charac- Tatooing has become wholly extinct. teristic. The art itself is forgotten, and there are The teeth were excellent in shape and now no tatooed natives, nor have there arrangement, and of a glistening pearly been for years. The Hawaiians had whiteness. The beautiful teeth of both neither the complicated thigh- and hip- the men and the women are frequently tatooing of the Samoan, nor the fero- mentioned by the early explorers. The cious facial tatooing of the Maori. The beauty was often defaced by a curious art was confined largely to the males, custom of knocking out one or more of and so far as the records show, was a the front teeth as a token of grief upon prerogative of rank. the death of some friend or chief ; in The Hawaiian head was well formed, many instances the middle-aged and and closely resembled that of the best older people would lack many of the European types in contour and propor- front teeth, both upper and lower, as a tions. It rarely exhibited the deformi- result of this senseless custom. ties which characterize the skulls of many primitive peoples. The jaws were In general, their features were strong, of good proportions, resembling those of good humored, and in many instances, European types, with well-formed chin when combined with their splendid phy- and cheeks. Projecting or noticeably siques, produced a striking and impres- receding jaws were rare. sive personality that gave the impres- The hair was black or dark brown. It sion of their belonging to a very supe- was straight, slightly wavy, or curly ; rior race. never frizzy or kinky like that of the It is not the purpose of this paper to negro or Papuan, nor lank like that of exaggerate the physical excellencies of the Malayan. It was strong, and usu- the primitive Hawaiian, nor to give the ally of rather coarse texture ; very fine impression that splendid manly physique texture was rare. Old age brought and sensuous feminine beauty were uni- gray or white hair ; baldness was very versal. As in all human communities, exceptional. The hair of the women Hawaii also had the ugly, the maimed, was long, but no unusual lengths are the dwarfed, the diseased, the weaklings. recorded. There is no evidence to show Many of the older women were veritable that very long hair was looked upon as hags ; many of the older men were dis- a special attribute of feminine beauty. figured by dissipation or by drudgery. The nose was of good length, well Captain Cook described a chief named shaped and arched. Frequently it was Koa, who "was a priest, and had b— n somewhat flattened, due to artificial in his youth a distinguished warrior. He pressure and massage in infancy, as a was a little old man, of an emaciated fig- flattened nose was esteemed much more ure; his eyes exceedingly sore and red, than a ppinted or protruding one. The and his body covered with a white practice of massaging the newly-born leprous scurf, the effects of an immod- babies, especially those of the nobility, erate use of the awa." In general, how- was general and elaborate, and was sup- ever; the people seemed to be remark- posed to greatly influence the future ably free from disease or bodily disfig- beauty of the child. For example, the urement The South American Indian at home.

The World's Southernmost City

By EDWARD ALBES, of Pan American Union Staff.

T was on a bright, coldly crisp Sun- more desperate criminals for safekeep day morning early in• April that the irig, located on Beagle Channel and num- I writer obtained his first view, bering some 400 inhabitants, priso:,ers through an open porthole, of the thriv- included. Punta Arenas, however, is ing little Chilean city on the far away really a city of 13,000 or more popula- Strait of Magellan. Punta Arenas tion, and is about as lively and hustling (Sandy Point), the metropolis of the as any place of its size elsewhere in the southern tip of South America, may world. justly claim to be the southernmost city To anyone at all familiar with its his- of the world, for the only permanent tory a trip through the Strait of Magel- town that is nearer to the South Pole is lan is fraught with interest, while those the little penal settlement of Ushuaia, who love the beauties of rugged nature whither Argentina sends some of her must needs be charmed with the won-

291 292 THE MID-PACIFIC derful scenery of this narrow passage distant peaks, of vegetation of light from ocean to ocean. We had entered green where the bright rays flashed and the strait on the morning of the day be- darker olive tints where shadows fell. fore we disembarked at Punta Arenas, For miles the strait was calm and mir- coming from the Pacific side, and the rored the cloud-flecked skies as would a following paragraphs from the writer's polished looking-glass, while circling notebook may give a faint idea of the around the slow-moving ship the snowy natural beauties of this famous water- gulls and albatross lent beauty, to the way. scene. Steaming close to the grotesque pin- Picturesque almost beyond compare nacles and sharpened rocks of Desola- in fair weather and in its brief summer tion Island, outlined just now against a season, in winter its sudden storms, its leaden sky, we saw, lying immediately treacherous currents, and the icy blasts northeast and on our other side, the that almost constantly sweep up from dreary waste of King William IV Land. the Antarctic regions, have made it a As we proceeded the strait began to nar- dreaded passageway for sailing vessels row, and by the time we glided along ever since Magellan's dauntless courage between Santa Ines Island on the south and indomitable will gave knowledge of and Cordova Peninsula on the north, it to the world. A brief historic restro- both shores seemed almost within pistol spect may serve to refresh the reader's shot. And then began a series of slowly recollection in regard to the great navi- shifting scenes of rugged ice-capped gator's most daring feat and remind him peaks, of blue-green glaciers sweeping of the dark story of the strait and how down from mountain heights, their the city of Punta Arenas came to be. opalescent hues changing each instant as the snowy blanket covering them lay Fernando de Magalhaes (miscalled thinning in the warming sun. The skies Magellan by those who speak English) had cleared, and for once the western was Portuguese by birth, but was in the end of this famous passage was to be service of the Spanish Crown when he traversed in fair weather. * * left Seville, on August 10, 1519, with The great backbone of the South his small fleet of vessels, to find a w:)y American Continent, the longest and around the world. Five little ships highest mountain range known in the there were—the largest, the Trinidad, of world, is broken here and the sea has 130 tons and sixty-two men, the small- filled the narrow, tortuous vale between est, the Santiago, boasting of but sixty its separated peaks. Great bluffs of tons and thirty men. And with these he brown, topped by crags of glittering ice set out to keep his promise to his King and snow, hang over the water's edge, to find a passage to the Far East. while here and there a valley forms the The winter was spent at Port St. Ju- bed of glaciers, those solid rivers which lian, where cold and hunger played bear their slow, resistless way to the havoc with his crews. Even the hides lapping waves, there to be broken off on the ships' yards were eaten to lc •ep when the Storm King lashes the water from starvation, and mutiny was , Ter- into fury, and thus are added great come by the hanging of one of the ring. blocks of floating ice to the picturesque- leaders, while one of the ships deserted ness as well as to the dangers of the way. and returned to Spain. Magellan's iron Between the shifting clouds the sun resolution was not shaken, however, and burst through and gave us pictures of on October 21, 1520, he discovered the light and shade, of shimmering snow on jutting point which he named Cape Vir- THE MID-PACIFIC 293 gins and entered the easterp end of the seaman and a valiant pirate," is the way strait. the old Spanish chronicler puts it. Wher- In the face of the icy blasts from the fore Spain, in order to protect her rich Antarctic regions, half starved, and with ports on the Pacific coast of South almost incredible hardships and toil, the America from the depredations of expedition felt its way along, and finally, this marauding "Drac" and similar on November 27, emerged into the Pa- piratically inclined gentry, determined cific.. Thus was blazed not only the to found a settlement, which at the same pathway to the East, but the subsequent time would serve as a protecting fort- circumnavigation of the earth gave ress, at some convenient point on the proof that it was round and much great- strait. An expedition was fitted out, er in circumference than the geograph- and under the leadership of the famous ers of the time had even dreamed. Ma- navigator, Pedro Sarmiento, the colony gellan himself, as is well known, caine was established not far from the pres- to his death in an encounter with the na- ent site of Punta Arenas. Its career, tives of one of the Philippine Islands however, was but short-lived, for hos- and never reached his native shores to tile Indians, cold, and starvation soon reap the reward for his successful en- wiped it out of existence, and the shores terprise. Only one of the little vessels, of the strait again became uninhabited the Vittoria, succeeded in returning to by civilized men, and thus remained for Spain with but thirty-one men of the many years. daring expedition left. In 1598 the Dutch appeared on the After Magellan's discovery of the wa- scene, and one Sebald de Wert spent terway, numerous other bold explorers some nine months in attempting to get dared its danger, invariably at the ex- through from the Atlantic fo the Pacific, pense of ships and human lives. Garcia but failed. By the end of the seven- Jofre de Loyosa succeeded in passing teenth century the Fuegian Archipelago through in 1526, losing one of his ships, became the refuge of various and sundry the Santi Spiritus, and many of his men. gentlemen of fortune known as buc- Some of the expeditions failed to get caneers, and thus was ,added another even as far as Cape Virginis, and be- element to the dangers of this waterway. cause of the numerous disasters the It was not until the early part of the Spaniards finally abandoned the route nineteenth century that the English ex- almost altogether, until a certain bold pedition, sailing in the Adventure and Englishman, one Sir Francis Drake, in the famed Beagle, explored the Fuegian 1578 passed through the strait and up Archipelago and partially mapped and the coast as far as California, and thence charted the passages of the strait. plowed a new furrow in the seas around Among the other English names given the world. It was this particular feat to various mountains, channels, and top- which really was responsible for the ographical points, Mount Darwin here founding of a settlement on the dreaded perpetuates the name of the great author strait. of "The Origin of Species," who was a "Peru was at peace, when for our sins member of the expedition. some English pirates pressed through It was not until 1843 that the idea of the Strait of the Mother of God, for- establishing a permanent settlement on merly called the Strait of Magellan, into the strait was again revived. In that the South Sea, under the command of year the Republic of Chile started a Francisco Drake, a native of Plymouth, penal colony not far from the present a man of low condition, but a skillful location of Punta Arenas. In 1851 the 294 THE MID-PACIFIC

prisoners mutinied, killed the governer, It is this industry, by the way, which the chaplain, guards, and many foreign- largely accounts for the wealth and re- ers, and burned the town to the ground. markable progress of Punta Arenas. The A few months later, however, the leader cold climate of Tierra del Fuego and the was captured by the Chilean authorities strait region generally is peculiarly and shot, and the rebellion was quelled. adapted to sheep raising. In order to At that time the town boasted of a pop- protect them from the rigors of the low ulation of about 700. It was rebuilt on temperatures nature provides the sheep its present site, and since then has made with unusually thick and heavy coats of steady and surprising progress. wool, the quality of which is such that We anchored in the little bay on which it commands good prices in the markets the city lies a little after nightfall and of Europe. Its special qualities are that the writer was surprised to see the hun- it washes very white and will take the dreds of points of illumination which most delicate dyes exceptionally well. flashed out from the shore and pro- Thus Punta Arenas has become one of claimed the presence of an electrically the great wool-exporting ports of the lighted city. It was not until the follow- world, something over 20,000,000 pounds ing morning, however, that the well-built being exported annually. houses and broad streets came into plain It is estimated that there are now at view. The land slopes gently down to- least 2,000,000 sheep in the Territory of ward the water's edge, and the bay is too Magallanes alone, whereas only thirty- shallow to permit the close approach of five years ago there were but 185 head large steamers. Three well-constructed all told. Certain breeds of cattle also jetties extend out into the bay, and it was seem to thrive in this section, and it is on one of these that our small boats estimated that there are over 30,000 landed us. head in the territory. In contrast to many of the older Latin The magnitude of the live-stock in- American cities, Punta Arenas can boast dustry may be surmised when it is of its fine wide streets, laid off parallel stated, on the authority of the American and at right angles to the water front. Consul, that one large company, capi- The business section of the town, along talized at $7,300,000, at the time of our Calle Roca and the Plaza de Armas, has visit owned 737,453 hectares of land solid and substantial structures, some of (hectare equals 2.47 acres), on which which, like the Municipal Building and they maintained no less than 1,253,000 the Anglo-South American Bank, would sheep, 25,000 head of cattle, and 9,183 grace many a larger city. The Plaza de horses. For the year 1911 the wool pro- Gobernacion, facing which are some of duction of this company alone amounted the best buildings in the city, among to nearly 9,500,000 pounds, 1,190,683 of them a. fine Catholic church, is a well its sheep having been shorn, yielding an laid out little park, whose green setting average of 7.91 pounds of wool per and bright flowers lent added attrac- animal. tion to the place. A short distance from As a result of the live-stock industry it stands the most palatial and ornate numerous factories for the local prepara- private residence •in southern Chile, the tion and handling of its products have home of Senora Sara Braun de Valen- been established. Among these are re- zuela, a very wealthy lady, whose for- frigerating, canning, trying, beef-ex- tune, we were told, was originally made tracting, fellmongering, sausage casing, in the sheep industry. and pickling plants. There are two mod- THE MID-PACIFIC 495 ern refrigerating establishments, the report of the governor of the Territory combined output of which amounts to of Magallanes, the exports of the entire nearly 400,000 frozen animals annually. territory for the year preceding Sep- The try works connected with these two tember, 1915, were valued at about $13,- plants market over 730,000 pounds of 600,000. tallow annually while six other trying That the people of Punta Arenas are plants have about an equal output. prosperous may be surmised when it is During the year 1912 (the year of the stated that in the official report of the writer's visit) the statistics of the port governor it is shown that in the savings of Punta Arenas showed that the follow- departments of the three banks of the ing animal products were exported : city there are 2,804 accounts that reach. Wool, 20,563,833 pounds ; raw sheep- 1,000 pesos ; 824 accounts from 1,500 to skins, 1,656,465 pounds ; shorn and 5,000 pesos ; and 221 accounts from 5,000 salted sheepskins, 659,182 pounds ; cat- to 10,000 pesos (peso, paper, equals tle hides, 1,141,111 pounds ; all of Chi- about 16 cents United States currency). lean production. In addition, 8,844,332 It is furthermore stated that the credit pounds of wool and 291,198 sheepskins information book reveals the fact that of Argentine production were trans- there are seventy-nine fortunes of more shipped at this port for export to Eu- than $100,000; sixty-four fortunes of rope. more than $200,000; and thirty-one of Another quite important industry of more than $400,000, while there are sev- the strait region is that of whaling. Dur- eral that are estimated at from $1,000,- ing the season closing April, 1913, the 000 to $5,000,000. catch of one company amounted to over For the accommodation of travelers 400 whales, and 2,000 tons of whale oil, Punta Arenas has three hotels—the valued at $214,000, were shipped to Eng- Royal, with sixty-two rooms; the Kos- land. Considerable revenue is also de- mos, with thirty rooms ; and the Hotel rived from sealing and the hunting of de France, with twenty-two rooms. other fur-producing animals, while lum- Rates, including meals, range from $2.50 ber, the product of several modern saw- to $4.50 per day, with material reduc- mills in. Punta Arenas, is also becoming tions for board by the month. an important export. The commercial and industrial prog- Among the leading imports of Punta ress of the Territory of Magallanes and Arenas may be mentioned the following : its wide-awake capital is largely depend- Wines, liquors, etc., valued at over $800,- ent upon the continued development of 000 ; textiles to the value of $700,000 ; the live-stock industry and allied activi- vegetable products, over $560,000 ; ani- ties connected therewith. The remark- mal products, $450,000 ; iron, steel, and able growth of Punta Arenas in popula- other mineral products, $440,000; chemi- tion and wealth during the last few years cals, drugs, etc., $285,000 ; machinery, is an indication of what the future holds tools, etc., $240,000. The total foreign in store. The demand for food products, trade of the port amounts annually to wool, hides, and all the materials that go about $11,000,000, of which a little less to feed and clothe the civilized world is than $4,000,000 represents the Chilean constantly increasing. Large areas suited imports and something over $5,000,000 to cattle and sheep raising still remain to the exports, while the imports and ex- be exploited in the strait region, and ports of Argentine goods transshipped that the wealth and energy of the peo- amount to nearly $2,000,000. For a city ple of that section will not fail to de- of 13,000 inhabitants this is a remark- velop these resources is a foregone con- able showing. According to a recent clusion. The Pan-Pacific Idea for a Commercial College From the "Friend," Honolulu, July, 1918.

HEN the charter of the Pan-Pacific At the Pan-Pacific Clubhouse on Ho- Union was secured it contained a tel street arrangements are being made clause expressing the hope that through for a series of lectures by the leading cooperation with the trustees of the men of the Chinese, Japanese, American Mid-Pacific Institute that a Pan-Pacific chambers of commerce and banking or Commercial College would be erected mercantil houses to the young men of somewhere on the grounds of both the all races in Hawaii, explaining to them Mid-Pacific Institute and of the College the differences in business methods of of Hawaii which adjoins it. men of the, different races. In this way From time to time such men as ex- will be felt out a line of work for the Governor Walter F. Frear, for ten Pan-Pacific Commerical College. The years at the head of the Pan-Pacific Central Y. M. C. A. will cooperate with movement, Frank C. Atherton, of the the Pan-Pacific Association in this Mid-Pacific Institute Board, and W. R. course of business lectures from the suc- Castle, both directors of the Pan-Pacific cessful men of all races in Hawaii. Union, have spoken publicly of their Entirely around the Pacific the idea approval of the plan for a Pan-Pacific of Pan-Pacific cooperation is taking Commercial College in Hawaii, and pre- root. On July the Fourth, the Declar- ferably in connection with the work of ation of Independence was read at the the Mid-Pacific Institute. The first step Pan-Pacific gathering by men of every toward this is perhaps the installation Pacific race, each reading a paragraph of the Pan Pacific Commercial Museum in hig own tongue, as the flags to be in the largest of the Mid-Pacific Institute forwarded to President Woodrow Wil- buildings, where on the 22nd of June son were being placed in the receptacle Secretary Lane was entertained by the that bears these Pacific emblems to the Pan- Pacific Union and presented White House. In San Francisco, the with the flags of every Pacific Pan-Pacific Club there was preparing nation to be transmitted to Pres- for its great part in the world's conven- ident Woodrow Wilson with the, re- tion of Ad Clubs, while from the Lord quest that he accept honorary presi- Mayor of Sydney, Australia, a cable dency of the Pan-Pacific Union, a posi- was received that thousands of Pan- tion that only a head of a Pacific gov- Pacific enthusiasts were meeting to do ernment can hold. On this occasion, honor to the ideas of the Hands - when some 700 men of all Pacific races Around-the-Pacific movement that was gathered in Mills Hall, Governor C. J. born in Hawaii ten years ago, and to McCarthy was inaugurated as president them Gov. McCarthy, both as Governor bf the Pan-Pacific Union in Hawaii, suc- of Hawaii and president of the Pan- ceeding ex-Gov. Frear, and at the same Pacific Union, replied fraternally: The Pan-Pacific Commercial College time Mr. Lane accepted the honorary is getting a start, and already several presidency of the Pan-Pacific Associa- Pacific governments have promised to tion. send teachers and endow chairs. Advertising Section

The Pacific Mail Steamship Co.

The S.S. "Colombia" en route. The Pacific Mail Steamship Company Some of the features for the safety and has not only resumed its service between pleasure of passengers on these Pacific San Francisco via Honolulu to Japan, Ocean greyhounds are: wireless telegraphy China and the Philippines, but it is carry- and daily newspapers, watertight bulk- ing the American flag by its direct steamers heads, double bottoms, bilge keels, oil to India and to the Latin American Coast burners (no smoke or dirt), single rooms as far South as Panama, with connections and rooms with two beds, two washstands beyond, all along the Pacific South Amer- in each room, as well as large clothes' ican coast and with Europe. lockers, electric fans and electric reading The Pacific Mail Steamship Company lights for each bed, spacious decks, swim- operates indeed the one "American Round ming tank, Filipino band, veranda cafe, the Pacific Line" of comfortable and mod- beautiful dining saloons, large and small ern steamers. tables, and every comfort of modern ocean The vessels of the Pacific Mail Steam- travel with the best cuisine on the Pacific. ship Company are all splendid passenger The general offices of the Pacific Mail ships of 14,000 tons American registry. Steamship Co. are at 508 California The new sister ships, "Colombia," "Ecua- Street, San Francisco, California, with or," and "Venezuela" constitute the service branch offices at Hongkong, Yokohama, to Honolulu, Yokohama, Kobe, Shanghai, Kobe, Shanghai and Manila, while agen- Manila and Hongkong. cies and sub-agencies exist in almost every The "Colusa" and the "Santa Cruz" are Pacific port, in all of the large cities of the pioneers in the service to Singapore, Calcutta and Colombo via Manila. America and the rest of the world. A fleet of steamers maintains the service George J. Baldwin, President of the between San Francisco, Mexico, Central Pacific Mail Steamship Company is located American ports and Panama. at 120 Broadway, New York City, N. Y.; For the Tourist or Shipper to almost J. H. Rosseter, Vice-President and Gen- any part of the Pacific, the new American vessels of the rejuvenated Pacific Mail eral Manager; W. A. Young Jr., General Steamship Company offer inducements that Passenger Agent, at 508 California are not being overlooked. street, San Francisco, Cal. 2 THE MID-PACIFIC

The T. K. K. Trips to Hawaii and the Orient 1

Welcoming a T. K. K. Liner.

The United States government now permits the palatial liners of the T. K. K. (Toyo Kisen Kaisha) to carry passengers back and forth between San Francisco and Hawaii. The Honolulu Chamber of Commerce has raised a special fund of $50,000 to be used immediately in advertising Hawaii's attractions and allurements for those who need rest or who have earned recreation. The T. K. K. will occupy as its Hono- lulu office the rooms vacated for it by the Hawaii Promotion Committee, in the Alexander Young Building on Bishop Street. The head office is in Tokyo and the San Francisco office at 625 Market Street.

The two funnels of the T. K. K. Liner dominate this shipping scene. THE MID-PACIFIC 3

The Foreign Trade Club of San Francisco W. H. Haigue, Secretary, (Monadnock Building, San Francisco)

The Foreign Bldg., Seattle. Across-the-seas correspon- Trade Club of dents invited to write San Francisco office. S a n Francisco Banking and foreign trade go hand-in- hand. San Francisco boasts of some of meets every the most interesting and historic banks in Wednesday even- America. The Wells-Fargo National ing in the lecture Bank is perhaps the best known of these. hall of the Mer- It was founded in 1852, a pioneer of the chants Exchange Gold days, with a present capital and sur- plus of $11,000,000 and assets of $75,000,- Building, to lis- 000. It has been foremost in building up ten to some dis- the financial and business prestige of San tinguished over- Francisco, and has spread facilities for seas speaker, and trade across the Pacific. Deposits of visitors to study the ethics and correspondence are invited, exchange is of foreign export. issued, collections and payments effected, Visitors to San and safe deposit boxes provided. Francisco are in- The Pacific American Trading Com- vited to the lec- pany—Frank H. Stone, manager—offices in tures. the Santa Marina Bldg., 112 Market St., Orient Building Thomas W. San Francisco, and representatives in all Simmons & Co., countries. C. I. F. quotations given and with head offices on the ground floor at samples sent whenever practical, free. The 240 California Street, is represented in the motto of this house is "Service." Foreign Trade Club by itS vice-president, Mr. H. W. Friesleben, of the Foreign F. S. Douglas. This very important firm Department of the Pacific Sanitary Manu- of International Merchants has branch factur ing Company-67, New Mont- houses in New York, Seattle, and Hong- gomery street, San Francisco—is the firm kong. Specializing as it does in Oriental representative in the Foreign Trade Club. products, it has its own representatives in His firm has installed "Pacific" plumbing every large city from Yokohama, Japan, to in many of the public schools of San Fran- Sourabaya, Java, and Bambok in Burmah. cisco and California, and has trade rela- All codes used; cable address, "Simmons, tions with every part of the Pacific. San Francisco." The home office of the Sperry Flour The President of the Foreign Trade Company is in the Orient Building, 332 Club is William H. Hammer, of the Ship- Pine street, San Francisco, the headquar- ping and Commission firm of Hammer and ters of Pan-Pacific Trade. A Sperry Pro- Company, 310 Clay street (Phone Sutter duct, whether it be flour or cereal, will 54). Visitors to the Commercial Muesum earn appreciation around the Pacific, be- in the Monadnock Building may reach this cause everything that men, method, and and other Foreign Trade Club firms by modern machinery can do to make it phone, free service being supplied. worthy of favor has been done before it Mr. Ben C. Daily, of the Foreign Trade appears on the grocer's shelves. Club, is the representative in San Francisco The members of the Associated Manu- of the Overseas Shipping Company, his facturers Importing Company, 883 Market office being in the Merchants Exchange street, have been established in business in Building (Phone Sutter 4459). This con- San Francisco since 1857. They specialize cern reserves space on Pacific vessels for in hardware, tools and metals. Imports its customers at lowest rates, is efficient, and and exports of all raw or manufactured handles all details in connection with ap- products that amount to a large volume, plications for Government Export licenses. undertaken. This company has large re- Other offices at 327 La Salle St., Chicago ; sources, good people to act as Americar 17 Battery Place, New York ; L. C. Smith Buying Agents for Overseas Merchants. 4 THE MID-PACIFIC

Honolulu from the Trolley Car _I

Surfriding as Seen From the Cars of the Honolulu Rapid Transit & Land Company. You may take the electric tram as you beautiful mountain valleys behind Hono- step off of the steamer in Honolulu, and lulu, or you may transfer to Kaimuki for five cents ride for hours—if you wish on the heights behind Diamond Head, to take transfers—to almost every pan which is now a great fortress; in fact, of this beautiful city and its suburbs. the entire, day may be spent with profit on There appeared in the Mid-Pacific the car lines. At Waikiki often may be Magazine for January, 1915, an article seen from the cars men and boys disporting telling of a hundred sights to be seen themselves on their surfboards, as they from the street cars. come in standing before the waves on these At one end of the King street car line little bits of wood. is Fort Shafter, on a commanding hill, The cars in Honolulu are all open, for from which may be seen the cane lands and the temperature never goes below 68 de- rice fields, stretching to Pearl Harbor in grees, nor does it rise above 85 degrees, the distance. Before reaching Fort Shafter and there is always a gentle trade• wind is the Bishop Museum, having the most re- stirring. markable Polynesian collection in the When Honolulu was ready for her electric tram system, the Honolulu Rapid world. At the other end of the line is Kapiolani Park, a beautiful tropical garden, Transit & Land Co. completed the most perfect system of its kind in the world, in which is located the famous aquarium of Hawaiian fish (conducted by this Com- and it is always a delight to ride smoothly over its lines. pany) rivaled only by the aquarium in It is but twenty minutes by car to Wai- Naples. kiki beach and but five minues longer, by Transfers are given to branch lines the same car, to the wonderful aquarium penetrating several of the wonderfully in Kapiolani Park. THE MID-PACIFIC 5

HONOLUUJ SCHOOL :'

PAR rD AND COPYR WILLIS T POP

MAUI 'Area in Statute ST,arell);es 728 ,Lem?h 48Kle5. Breadth 30 NI!les Highest Elevoirion too3',z Feet Largest Extinct Crater lathe \—,orta. Population over 250oo Diwance From H,nclulu 7X hides Eleven Sugar Plaqt,Thons 190' tO4rtZio

Map by courtesy of Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd.

The firm of Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd., Co, American Cental Insurance Co., The (known by everyone as "A. & B.") is Home Insurance Co. of New York, The looked upon as one of the most progressive New Zealand Insurance Co., General A. F. American corporations in Hawaii. & L. Assurance Corporation, German Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd., are agents Alliance Insurance Association, Switzer- for the largest sugar plantation of the Ha- land Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. waiian Islands and second largest in the The officers of this large and progressive world, namely, the Hawaiian Commercial firm, all of whom are staunch supporters of and Sugar Company at Puunene, Maui. the Pan-Pacific and other movements which They are also agents for many other plan- are for the good of Hawaii, are as follows: tations and concerns of the Islands, among J. P. Cooke President which are the Haiku Sugar Company, Paia W. M. Alexander First Vice-Pres. Plantation, Maui Agricultural Company, J. R. Galt Second Vice-Pres. Hawaiian Sugar Company, McBryde Sugar W. 0. Smith Third Vice-Pres. Company, Ltd., Kahului Railroad Com- John Waterhouse Treasurer pany, Kauai Railroad Company, Ltd., John Guild Secretary and Honolua Ranch. H. A. Baldwin, F. C. Atherton, A. L. This firm ships a larger proportion of the Castle and C. R. Hemenway, directors. total sugar crop of the Hawaiian Islands Besides the home office in the Stangen- than any other agency. wald Building, Honolulu, Alexander & In addition to their extensive sugar plan- Baldwin, Ltd., maintain extensive offices in tations, they are also agents for the follow- Seattle, in the Melhorn Building; in New ing well-known and strong insurance com- York at 82 Wall St., and in the Alaska panies: Springfield Fire & Marine Ins., Commercial Building, San Francisco.

THE MID-PACIFIC

The Island of Kauai

TO SAN FRANCISCO AND JAPAN. The Matson Steam Navigation Co., maintaining the premier ferry service be- tween Honolulu and San Francisco, and the Toyo Kishen Kaisha, maintaining pa- latial ocean greyhound service between San Francisco and the Far East via Honolulu, have their Hawaiian agencies with Castle & Cooke, Ltd. 9y HAWAIIANS ,ISLANDS This, one of the oldest firms in Hono- lulu, occupies a spacious building at the corner of Fort and Merchant streets, Hono- lulu. The ground floor is used as local passenger and freight offices of the Toyo Kisen Kaisha and of the Matson Steam Navigation Company. The adjoining of- fices are used by the firm for their busi- ness as sugar facturs and insurance agents ; Phone 1251. Castle & Cooke, Ltd., act as agents for cx-E;on. many of the plantations throughout Ha- of , waii, and here may be secured much varied flawaz Ian t",' ision information. Here also the tourist may se- cure' in the folder racks, booklets and pam- 21 phlets descriptive of almost every part of the great ocean. Maps by courtesy of Castle & Cooke, Ltd.

RONOLU€U MN% Stlika .5i4J of MIL:5

KAUAI fyreiinsratuse pars Milos 5+7 Aciicss hxr Eie 5A5 FiePi 0}5113:100 fro m pRog Populous n er 521,00,i People iii140 large Sugar WILLIS Su4ar Crop for 007. 7441ft, THE MID-PACIFIC 7

• FERTILIZING THE SOIL. Millions of dollars are spent in Hawaii fertilizing the cane and pineapple fields. The Pacific Guano and Fertilizer Com- pany, with extensive works and warehouses r in Honolulu, imports from every part of the Globe the many ship loads of ammonia, nitrates, potash, sulphur and guano that go to make the special fertilizers needed for the varied soils and conditions of the islands. Its chemists test the soils and then give the recipe for the particular blend of fertilizer that is needed. ' This great industry is one of the results of successful sugar planting in Hawaii, and without fertilizing, sugar growing in the Hawaiian Islands could not be successful. This company began operations in Mid- way Islands years ago, finally exhausting its guano beds, but securing others.

4

I 14111111r1Darft- 8 THE MID-PACIFIC

Exterior.

Interior. The Home Building in Honolulu of H. Hackfeld & Co., Ltd., Plantation Agents and Wholesale Merchants. THE MID-PACIFIC 9

The general offices on King Street.

THE HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC CO.

N HONOLULU electricity costs and fifty horse power to the Federal eight cents per kilowatt, for the Wireless Station, fifteen miles distant, I first two kilowatts per month, per' besides current for lighting all private lamp, and six cents thereafter. From residences in Honolulu, as well as for the Hawaiian Electric Company plant, operating its own extensive ice plant. power is furnished to the pineapple can- A line has also been built to furnish neries (the largest canneries in the light and power to the great army post world) to the extent of seven hundred of Schofield Barracks, twenty miles dis- horse power, with another two hundred tant from Honolulu.

The power house and ice plant. 10 THE MID-PACIFIC I The Trust Company in Hawaii

Honolulu was one of the first cities to The Trent Trust Company, though a adopt the idea of the Trust Company. In comparatively young organization, is 1852 Henry Waterhouse began business in one of the most popular financial in- Honolulu, and just fifty years later the name of his firm was changed to the "Henry stitutions in the Islands. Organized in Waterhouse Trust Company" and this 1907, it has already doubled its capi- very successful concern continues to occupy talization to $100,000. According to the ground floor of the Campbell Block on the last statement its capital undivided Fort and Merchant streets. Here was surplus amounted to $188,788.51, and born the first commercial wireless system its gross assets to $538,067.55. in the world—that of Hawaii. There are spacious vaults for valuable papers, insur- The company is efficiently organized ance departments, real estate features, and to handle the work of Manager of Es- every department common to the up-to-date tates, Executor, Fiduciary Agent, and Trust Company. The Company is also a Agent for Non-Residents. It has the member of the Honolulu Stock and Bond following departments : Trusts, Invest- Exchange. ments, Real Estate, Rents, Insurance, Located in the heart of the business cen- ter of Honolulu, here stock and bonds are and Safe Deposit. exchanged, insurance is issued and every The Trent Trust's offices are located kind of real estate handled, and here, too, is on the ground floor of 921 Fort Street, the home of the Kaimuki Land Co., and the agency for the Volcano House at the the principal business thoroughfare of Crater of Kilauea. Honolulu.

iHf ffiLIT11514lir iff;11 THE MID-PACIFIC 11

The Catton, Neill Building, Honolulu. Also the home of the General Electric Co. in Hawaii. Honolulu is known around the world Half a century is an age in the life of for the manufacture of sugar mill ma- Honolulu. The first frame building is not chinery. Much of this is made by Catton, one hundred years old, and the first hard- Neill & Co.; Ltd., Engineers, who build ware store, that of E. 0. Hall & Son, Ltd., and erect sugar mill machinery. The was not founded until the year 1850, but works are on South Street, Honolulu, while since then, on the commanding corner of the offices and salesrooms are located in a Fort and King streets, it has remained the new concrete building on Alakea and Queen premier hardware concern in Hawaii. The streets, erected recently for this purpose. entire three-story building is taken up Here are seen the displays of the General with extensive displays of every kind of Electric Co., of which Catton, Neill & hardware. One floor, however, is given Co., Ltd., are Hawaiian agents, as well as over to crockery and kitchen utensils, while for the leading gas engines, water wheels, in the basement even a ship might be fitted steam plows, pumps, condensers and tools out with its hardware, cordage, and roping manufactured in the United States. This needs. This company is also agent for the is one of the oldest engineering firms in Sherwin-Williams house paints and repre- Hawaii. sents many mainland hardware firms.

E. O. Hall & Son Building, Fort and King Streets. 12 THE MID-PACIFIC

HOME FERTILIZING. For the small planter this company makes The Hawaiian Fertilizer Company stores special fertilizers, and the gardens of Hono- its fertilizers in the largest concrete ware- lulu are kept beautiful by the use of a house west of the Rockies. The works of special lawn fertilizer made 'by this com- this company cover several acres near Hono- pany. Fertilizing alone has made Hawaii lulu. The ingredients are purchased in the garden of the Pacific. shipload lots, and the formulas adopted by H. F. Wichman & Company's jewelry the different plantations for their fertilizers establishment on Fort Street, is one of are made up at the works of the Hawaiian Honolulu's show places. The gold and sil- Fertilizer Company. Their chemists ana- verware display is well worth a morning's lyze the soils and suggest the formulas. study.

Hawaii's leading jewelry establishment THE MID-PACIFIC 13

Banking in Honolulu

The First National Bank of Hawaii at the corner of Fort and King Streets, Hono- lulu. This bank is the de- pository in Hawaii of the United States Government.

The Banking House of Bishop & Co. was established August 17, 1858, and has oc- cupied its premises on the corner of Mer- chant & Kaahumanu Streets, since 1877. The operations of this Bank began with the encouragement of the whaling business, then the leading industry of the islands, and the institution has ever been closely identi- fied with the industrial and commercial progress of the Islands. The partners in the firm consist of Mr. S. M.Damon, Mr. Allen W. T. Bottomley and J. L. Cock- burn. On Dec. 31, 1917, the deposits with this bank amounted to $12,282,428.73. The Guardian Trust Company, Ltd., is the most recently incorporated Trust Company in Honolulu. Its stockholders The entrance to the Bank of Hawaii, are closely identified with the largest the central bank of Honolulu, with a business interests in the Territory. Its capital, surplus and undivided profits directors and officers are men of ability, amounting to nearly a million and a half, integrity and high standing in the com- or more than the total of any other bank munity. The Company was incorporated in the Hawaiian Islands. - It has its own in June of 1911 with a capital of $100,000 magnificent building at the busiest busi- fully paid. Its rapid growth necessitated ness corner of Honolulu, Merchant and doubling this capital. On June 30th, 1917, Fort streets; has a savings department and the Capital of the Company was $200,- was organized in 1897. 000; Surplus $10,000, and Undivided The Bank of Honolulu, Ltd., located on Profits $53,306.75. It conducts a trust Fort Street, is an old established financial company business in all its various lines institution. It draws on the principal parts with offices in the Stangenwald Building. of the world, issues cable transfers, and Merchant St., adjoining the Bank of transacts a general banking business. Hawaii. 14 THE MID-PACIFIC

THE BUILDERS OF HONOLULU. Honolulu still relies for building ma- terial on the mainland. For many years the firm of Lewers & Cooke maintained its own line of clipper schooners that brought down lumber from Puget Sound with which to "build Hawaii." Today this firm occupies its own spacious block on King Street, where every necessity need- ed for building the home is supplied. In fact, often it is this firm that guarantees the contractor, and also assures the owner that his house will be well built and com- pleted on time. Things are done on a large scale in Hawaii; so it is that one firm 1111111111111 undertakes to supply material from the breaking of ground until the last coat of paint is put on the completed building. A spacious and splendidly equipped hardware

EAEROID ROOFING department is one of the features of Lewers & Cooke's establishment. THE MID-PACIFIC 15

The Tourist's Hawaii

The Alexander Young Hotel (under same management as Moana and Seaside Hotels).

The Von Hamm-Young Co., Importers, Board of Trade has the hearty co-operation Machinery Merchants, and leading auto- of the Hilo Railway. This Railway has mobile dealers, have their offices and store recently extended its rails thirty-two miles in the Alexander Young Building, at the along the precipitous coasts of Lapauhoehoe corner of King and Bishop Streets, and and beyond. This thirty-two mile rail trip their magnificent automobile salesroom and is one of the scenic trips of the world. The garage just in the rear, facing on Alakea Hilo Railway also extends in the opposite street. Here one may find almost any- direction to the hot springs of Puna, and a thing. Phone No. 4901. branch with the Auto Service takes the Hawaii is the Big Island. Hilo is the tourist from the steamer wharf to the edge chief port, and from Hilo excursions are of the ever-active Kilauea. made to all the points of interest. The CRATER HOTEL, Volcano Hawaii, A. T. Hilo Board of Trade has recently taken up Short, Proprietor. See Wells Fargo Ex- the matter of home promotion work and is press Co., Paradise Tours, Inter-Island developing the wonderful scenic surround- S. S. Co., Honolulu, for special inclusive ings of Hilo. In this line of work the Hilo excursion rates.

Honolulu's big department store, W. W. Dimond & Co., on King St. Phone 4937. 16 THE MID-PACIFIC

Round About Honolulu

Chambers Drug Store, Fort and King Street, stands at the head for flavor and Streets, is the actual center of life and keeping quality, and is guaranteed. It is activity in Honolulu. Here at the inter- here you also get the tender meats and section of the tram lines, the shoppers, fresh vegetables of which an abundant business men, and tourists await their cars, supply is always on hand. Heilbron & chatting at the open soda fountain, that is Louis, proprietors, have built up a won- the feature of Chambers Drug Store. Here derful business until now the Metropolitan the tourist and stranger is advised as to Meat Market is the central and popular the sights of the city, and supplied with market place of Honolulu. Phone 3445. any perfumes, candies or drugs he may Honolulu is so healthy that people don't need during his stay. Chambers Drug usually die there, but when they do they Store is one of the institutions of Hono- phone in advance to Henry H. Williams, lulu. Phone No. 1291. 1146 Fort street, phone number 1408, The largest of the very fashionable and he arranges the after details. If you shops in the Alexander Young Building, are a tourist and wish to be interred in occupying the very central portion, is that your own plot on the mainland, Williams of the Hawaiian News Co. Here the will embalm you; or he will arrange all ultra-fashionable stationery of the latest details for interment in Honolulu. Don't design is kept in stock. Every kind of leave the Paradise of the Pacific for any paper, wholesale or retail, is supplied, as other, but if you must, let your friends well as printers' and binders' supplies. talk it over with Williams. There are musical instruments of every Whatever you do, do not fail to visit kind in stock, even to organs and pianos, the wonderful Oahu Fish Market on King and the Angelus Player Piano and this Street. Early morning is the best time for concern is constantly adding new features this, when all the multi-colored fish of and new stock. The business man will Hawaiian waters are presented to view find his every need in the office supplied and every nationality of the islands is on by the Hawaiian News Co. merely on a parade inspecting. Mr. Y. Anin is the ,call over the phone, and this is true also leading spirit and founder of the Oahu of the fashionable society leader, whether Fish Market, which is a Chinese institu- her needs are for a bridge party, a dance, tion of which the city is proud. or just plain stationery. The exhibit rooms of the Hawaiian News Co. are interesting. A monument to the pluck and energy of Mr. C. K. Ai and his associates is the Love's Bakery at 1134 Nuuanu Street, City Mill Co. of which he is treasurer Phone 1431, is the bakery of Honolulu. and manager. This plant at Queen and Its auto wagons deliver each morning fresh Kekaulike Streets is one of Honolulu's from the oven, the delicious baker's bread leading enterprises, doing a flourishing and rolls consumed in Honolulu, while all lumber and mill business. the grocery stores carry the Love Bakery THE SWEET SHOP, on Hotel Street, op- crisp fresh crackers and biscuits that come posite the Alexander Young, is the from the oven daily. Love's Bakery has one reasonably priced tourist restaurant. the most complete and up to date machin- Here there is a quartette of Hawaiian ery and equipment in the territory. singers and players, and here at every "Maile" Australian butter from the hour may be enjoyed at very reasonable Metropolitan Meat Market on King prices the delicacies of the season. THE MID-PACIFIC 17

The Honolulu Construction and Draying Company has its main offices at 65 Queen Street. This concern has recently absorbed two of the leading express and transfer companies, and has also acquired the Hcnolulu Lava Brick Company. It is making a success of its enterprises. Phone 4981.

Hustace-Peck & Co., Ltd., on Queen the world to install a house-to-house tele- Street, Phone 2295, prepare the crushed phone system, and Hawaii the first country rock used in the construction of the mod- to commercially install wireless telegraphy. ern building in Hawaii. They also main- The City's great furniture store, that of tain their own stables and drays. Draying J. Hopp & Co., occupies a large portion of in Honolulu is an important business, and the Lewers & Cooke Block on King St. Here the latest styles in home and office Hustace-Peck are the pioneers in this line, furniture arriving constantly from San and keep drays of every size, sort and de- Francisco are displayed on several spacious scription for the use of those who require floors. Phone No. 2111. them. They also conduct a rock crusher The leading music store in Hawaii is and supply wood and coal. on King and Fort Sts.—The Bergstrom Next to the Marconi Wireless on Fort Music Co. No home is complete in Hono- Street is the Office Supply Co., the home lulu without an ukulele, a piano and a Victor of the •Remington Typewriter in Hawaii, talking machine. The Bergstrom Music and the Globe-Wernicke filing and book Company, with its big store on Fort Street, cases. Every kind of office furniture is will provide you with these—a Chickering, kept in stock by the Office Supply Co. as a Weber, a Kroeger for your mansion, or a well as a complete line of office stationery. tiny upright Boudoir for your cottage; and There is a repair shop for typewriters, and every necessary article that the man of if you are a transient it will rent you a business might need. Phone 3843. piano. The Bergstrom Music Company, With the wood that is used for building phone 2331. in Hawaii, Allen & Robinson on Queen The best thing on ice in Honolulu is soda Street, Phone 2105, have for generations water. The Consolidated Soda Water supplied the people of Honolulu and those Works Co., Ltd., 601 Fort Street, are the on the other islands; also their buildings largest manufacturers of delightful soda and paints. Their office is on Queen St., beverages in the Territory. Aerated waters near the Inter-Island S. N. Co. Building, cost from 35 cents a dozen bottles up. The and their lumber yards extend right back Consolidated Co. are agents for Hires Root to the harbor front, where every kind of Beer and put up a Kola. Mint aerated water hard and soft wood grown on the coast is that is delicious, besides a score of other landed by the schooners that ply from flavors. Phone 2171 for a case, or try a Puget Sound. bottle at any store. The Mutual Telephone Co. works in San Francisco's newest hotel is the Plaza, close accord with the Marconi Wireless, facing Union Square,• Post and Stockton and controls the wireless service between streets. It has a capacity of 600 guests; the Hawaiian Islands, as well as the tele- European plan, $1.50 to $5.00 a day; phone service throughout Hawaii. For a American plan, $3.00 to $7.00 a day. There dollar and a half, a Night Letter of twenty- are numerous combination sample rooms. five words may be sent to any part of the C. A. Gonder is the manager of the Hotel territory. Honolulu was the first city in Plaza Company. 18 THE MID-PACIFIC Wonderful New Zealand

Native New Zealanders at Rotorua.

Scenically New Zealand is the world's throughout the Dominion for the benefit wonderland. There is no other place in of the tourist, for whom she has also the world that offers such an aggrega- built splendid roads and wonderful mountain tracks. New Zealand is tion of stupendous scenic wonders. The splendidly served by the Government West Coast Sounds of New Zealand are Railways, which sell the tourist for a in every way more magnificent and awe- very low rate, a ticket that entitles him inspiring than are the fjords of Norway. to travel on any of the railways for from Its chief river, the Wanganui, is a scenic one to two months. In the lifetime of panorama of unrivalled beauty from end a single man, (Sir James Mills of Dune- to end. Its hot springs and geysers in din, New Zealand), a New Zealand the Rotorua district on the North Island steamship company has been built up have no equal anywhere. In this dis- that is today the fourth largest steam- trict the native Maoris still keep up ship company under the British flag, and their ancient dances or haka haka, and larger than any steamship company here may be seen the wonderfully carved owned in America, with her 100,000,000 houses of the aboriginal New Zealand- million population, or in Japan with her ers. There are no more beautiful lakes 50,000,000 population. New Zealand is anywhere in the world than are the Cold a land of wonders, and may be reached Lakes of the South Island, nestling as they from America by the Union Steamship do among mountains that rise sheer ten Co. boats from Vancouver, San Fran- thousand feet. Among these mountains cisco or Honolulu. The Oceanic Steam- are some of the largest and most scenic ship Co. also transfers passengers from glaciers in the world. In these Southern Sydney. The Government Tourist Bu- Alps is Mt. Cook, more than twelve thou- reau has commodious offices in Auck- sand feet high. On its slopes the Govern- land and Wellington as well as the other ment has built a hotel to which there is a larger cities of New Zealand. Direct in- motor car service. formation and pamphlets may be secured New Zealand was the first country to by writing to the New Zealand Govern- perfect the government tourist bureau. ment Tourist Bureau, Wellington, New She has built hotels and rest houses Zealand. THE MID-PACIFIC 19 New South Wales

The Macdonald, an arm of the Hawkesbury River. New South Wales welcomes the tourist. golden beaches, the Blue Mountains, Jeno- The Goverment Tourist Bureau, Sydney, lan Caves and Mt. Kosciusko. gives free advice and assistance to those who want to know: what to see, where to stay, Write for literature and information to how to get there, and what to pay. You Fred C. Govers, Government Tourist should visit: Port Jackson Harbor, Sydney's Bureau, Sydney, N. S. W. 20 THE MID-PACIFIC

South Australia and Tasmania

SOUTH AUSTRALIA. TASMANIA.

From San Francisco, Vancouver and Tasmania is one of the finest tourist re- sorts in the southern hemisphere, but ten from Honolulu there are two lines of fast hours' run from the Australian mainland. steamships to Sydney, Australia. Between Launceston and Melbourne the From Sydney to Adelaide, South Aus- fastest turbine steamer in Australia runs thrice weekly and there is a regular service tralia, there is a direct railway line on from Sydney to Hobart. which concession fares are granted tourists The island is a prolific orchard country arriving from overseas, and no visitor to and has some of the finest fruit growing. the Australian Commonwealth can afford tracts in the world. The climate is cooler to neglect visiting the southern central state than the rest of Australia. The lakes and rivers are nearly all of Australia; for South Australia is the stocked with imported trout, which grow state of superb climate and unrivalled re- to weights not reached by other parts of sources. Adelaide, the 'Garden City of the Australia. South,' is the Capital, and there is a Govern- The Tasmanian Government deals di- ment Intelligence and Tourist Bureau, rectly with the tourist. Hobart, the cap- where the tourist, investor, or settler is ital,—one of the most beautiful cities in the given accurate information, guaranteed by world—is the headquarters of the Tasman- the government, and free to all. From ian Government Tourist Department ; and Adelaide this Bureau conducts rail, river the bureau will arrange for transport of and motor excursions to almost every part the visitor to any part of the island. A of the state. Tourists are sent or conducted shilling trip to a local resort is not too through the magnificent mountain and small for the Government Bureau to pastoral scenery of South Australia. The handle, neither is a tour of the whole isl- government makes travel easy by a system and too big. There is a branch office in of coupon tickets and facilities for caring Launceston performing the same func- for the comfort of the tourist. Excursions tions. are arranged to the holiday resorts; indi- viduals or parties are made familiar with The Tasmanian Government has an up- the industrial resources, and the American to-date office in Melbourne, at 59 William as well as the Britisher is made welcome if Street, next door to the New Zealand Gov- he cares to make South Australia his home. ernment office, where guidebooks, tickets, The South Australian Intelligence and and information can be produced. The ad- Tourist Bureau has its headquarters on dress of the Sydney office is 262 George King William Street, Adelaide, and the St., and Tasmania also has its own offices government has printed many illustrated in Bisbane and Perth. books and pamphlets describing the scenic For detailed information regarding Tas- and industrial resources of the state. A mania, either as to travel or settlement, postal card or letter to the Intelligence and enquirers should write to Mr. E. T. Em- Tourist Bureau in Adelaide will secure the mett, the Director of the Tasmanian Gov- books and information you may desire. ernment Tourist Dept., Hobart, Tasmania. The Hands-Around-the-Pacific Movement THE PAN-PACIFIC CLUBS are local organizations, affiliated with the Pan- Pacific UNION, but governing themselves in each community. Many of these take the form of weekly luncheon clubs that entertain visitors and speakers from Pacific lands — the different clubs about the Pacific notifying one another of the proposed visits of distinguished men who have Pan-Pacific messages to deliver. THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION is an organization representing Governments of Pacific lands, and with which are affiliated Chambers of Commerce, and kindred bodies, working for the advancement of Pacific States and Communities, and a greater co-operation among and between the people of all races in Pacific lands. The Pan-Pacific Union is incorporated with an International Board of Trustees, representing every race and nation of the Pacific. The trustees may be added to or replaced by appointed representatives of the different countries co-operating in the Pan-Pacific Union. The following are the main objects set forth in the charter of the Pan-Pacific Union : 1. To call in conference delegates from all Pacific peoples for the pur- pose of discussing and furthering the interests common to Pacific nations. 2. To maintain in Hawaii and other Pacific lands bureaus of information and education concerning matters of interest to the people of the Pacific, and to disseminate to the world information of every kind of progress and opportun- ity in Pacific lands, and to promote the comfort and interests of all visitors. 3. To aid and assist those in all Pacific communities to better understand each other, and to work together for the furtherance of the best interests of the land of their adoption, and, through them, to spread abroad about the Pacific the friendly spirit of inter-racial co-operation. 4. To assist and to aid the different races in lands of the Pacific to co- operate in local fairs, to raise produce, and to create home manufactured goods. 5. To own real estate, erect buildings needed for housing exhibits ; pro- vided and maintained by the respective local committees. 6. To maintain a Pan-Pacific Commercial Museum, and Art Gallery. 7. To create dioramas, gather exhibits, books and other Pan-Pacific mate- rial of educational or instructive value. 8. To promote and conduct a Pan-Pacific Exposition of the handicrafts of the Pacific peoples, of their works of art, and scenic dioramas of the most beautiful bits of Pacific lands, or illustrating great Pacific industries. 9. To establish and maintain a permanent college and "clearing house" of information (printed and otherwise) concerning the lands, commerce, peoples, and trade opportunities in countries of the Pacific, creating libraries of commer- cial knowledge, and training men in this commercial knowledge of Pacific lands. 10. To secure the co-operation and support of Federal and State govern- ments, chambers of commerce, city governments, and of individuals. 11. To enlist for this work of publicity in behalf of Alaska, the Territory of Hawaii, and the Philippines, Federal aid and financial support, as well as similar co-operation and support from all Pacific governments. 12. To bring all nations and peoples about the Pacific Ocean into closer friendly and commercial contact and relationship. THE PAN-PACIFIC ASSOCIATION is an organization allied with the PAN- PACIFIC UNION. and in which membership is open to anyone who is in sympathy with Pan-Pacific endeavor, and the creation of a better knowledge in the world at large of the advantages Pacific lands have to offer.

APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP. To the Secretary, Pan-Pacific Association, Honolulu, Hawaii. I desire membership for one year in the "Pan-Pacific Association," with subscription to the "Mid-Pacific Magazine." I enclose $2.50, payment in full. (Name) (Address)

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The Oahu Railway practically encircle s the Island of Oahu. There are daily trains to Haleiwa—"the House Beautiful" (see arrow), and through the most extensive pineapple fields in the world, at Wahiawa.