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Annotations and Keywords ANNOTATIONS and KEYWORDS Annotations and keywords ANNOTATIONS AND KEYWORDS Peter Arkadiev. The Aspectual System of Lithuanian (with refer- ences to areal data) The paper deals with verbal aspect in standard Lithuanian with refer- ence to dialectal and areal data. The traditional view that Lithuanian pos- sesses a binary category of aspect is rejected, since no strictly grammatical (morphosyntactic) phenomena are associated with either of the alleged as- pects, and because the binary classification is too coarse to adequately repre- sent the aspectual properties of Lithuanian verbs. Instead, a more detailed classification of predicates into actional (situation) types is proposed. Major mechanisms of aspectual derivation, such as telicizing prefixation, delimita- tive, semelfactive, and iterative formations are described. In addition to the traditionally recognized Past Habitual, another inflectional category with as- pectual meaning is described for the first time, i.e. the Contituative expressed by the “external” prefix (te)be-. Periphrastic aspectual constructions, such as the Perfect/Resultative and the Avertive, are also analysed. Keywords: Lithuanian, derivational aspect, actionality, continuative, avertive, habitual, perfect, resultative Timofey Arkhangelskiy, Vladimir Panov. Aspect in Greek: prob- lems and typology The paper provides an outline of the Ancient and Modern Greek as- pectual systems and of the diachronic change Greek has undergone. Typo- logical peculiarities of the Greek aspectual system are described in more de- tail. The paper is particularly concerned with non-prototypical uses of aspect where the perfective and the imperfective are used asymmetrically, cf. the in- finitive and the imperative in Ancient Greek vs. the imperative/prohibitive, the subjunctive, and the conditional in Modern Greek. Keywords: aspect, typology, Greek, diachrony Oleg Belyaev. The tense and aspect system of Ashti Dargwa The paper addresses the morphology and semantics of key aspectual- temporal forms in the Ashti dialect of Kubachi (Dargi group of Nakh- Daghestanian languages). The tense and aspect system of this dialect is typo- logically remarkable because of the large number and variety of verbal para- 1014 Annotations and keywords digm forms; for example, Ashti opposes morphologically three types of Ha- bitual meanings. The paper also focuses on the interaction between the binary category of aspect expressed by verbal stems and the aspectual meanings of verbal inflectional suffixes. The description of the Ashti tense and aspect sys- tem is supplemented with its comparison with the systems of other Dargi lan- guages and dialects. Keywords: Dargi languages, Nakh-Daghestanian languages, aspect, tense Michael Daniel, Maria Poupynina, Daria Ryzhova, Oleg Volkov. A survey of aspectual categories in Chukchi-Kamchatkan languages The paper proposes a functional survey of aspectual categories in the ‘core’ Chukchi-Kamchatkan languages Chukchi, Koryak and Alutor. It is based primarily on the existing corpora of these languages. The data from corpora, grammatical descriptions and text collections are reconsidered in terms of elementary aspectual meanings and their clustering. Based on an in- tra-genetic typological analysis, some more vs. less stable elements of the as- pectual system are isolated, and their probable functional evolution is dis- cussed. The paper briefly considers the interaction of aspectual meanings with other verbal categories: the future tense, the unwitnessed past, and negation. Keywords: aspect, perfect, perfective, evidential, resultative, imper- fective, future, Chukchi, Alutor, Koryak Anna Erman. The Progressive in Dan-Blo There are three grammatical constructions in Dan-Blo (Southern Mande < Mande < Niger-Congo) expressing the progressive meaning. These constructions and nuances of their grammatical semantics are analysed in the paper; certain ideas concerning the etymology of their morphological markers are advanced. Keywords: Dan-Blo, Souther Mande, progressive Elena Gorbova. A sketch of the Spanish aspectual-temporal system The paper provides a description of the aspectual-temporal domain of the Spanish grammatical system presenting two possible theoretical models. The first is based on the notion of a binary grammatical opposition and the assumption of a theoretical possibility for a language to have more than one aspectual opposition. The second can be characterized as a multilevel model. The presentation of the two models is preceded by a discussion of some theo- retical and methodological problems of aspectual typology. 1015 Annotations and keywords Keywords: typological approach, Spanish, aspectual grammemes, grammatical opposition, aspectual-temporal system, perfective and imperfec- tive aspectual domains, progressive, perfect, imperfect, aorist Ekaterina Gruzdeva. Aspectual classes of verbs in Nivkh The paper considers different ways of expressing qualitative aspectu- ality in Nivkh. It describes the distribution of Nivkh verbs in ten aspectual classes, examines the meanings of verb forms in various language contexts and analyses the interaction of verbs belonging to different classes with pro- gressive, completive, continuative and resultative markers. Keywords: aspectual class of verbs, progressive, inchoative, comple- tive, intensive, resultative, continuative Valentin Gusev. Aspect in Nganasan The Nganasan verbal system is formed by two mutually opposed “per- fective” and “imperfective” verb classes. The first class describes momentary events, in particular those representing the final points in telic processes, while verbs of the second class denote atelic processes and states. Perfective verbs have no present forms, while imperfective verbs have no perfect forms. With derived stems, the aspectual class is determined by the outermost deri- vational suffix. The paper examines how verbal roots and derivational suffixes are distributed between the two aspectual classes and how perfective and imper- fective stems are used in discourse. Another topic is the use of perfective and imperfective deverbal nouns which form an independent opposition. Keywords: aspect, binary aspectual opposition, non-finite verbal forms, Nganasan Timur Maisak. Participial forms in the tense-aspect system of Agul The paper deals with the indicative tense-aspect system of Agul, a language of the Lezgic branch, the East Caucasian family. Its main forms in- clude the Present, the Habitual, the Aorist, and the Perfect, all of which are of periphrastic origin and are built upon imperfective and perfective converbs. Special attention is given to the participial subsystem comprising periphrastic forms built upon four substantivized participles. It is argued that “participial” periphrastic forms are semantically parallel to the main (“converbial”) forms, and the peculiarities of their meanings should be explained by the semantics of the participles. In particular, while the main forms are basically used to in- troduce a new situation, participial forms refer to characteristics of the par- ticipants and to facts from a stable “bank of knowledge”. The last section 1016 Annotations and keywords considers the functions of participles in non-finite (relative, complement, and adverbial) clauses, as well as their use in the focus construction where the participle is the head of the presupposed part of the utterance. The analysis is based on the corpus of spontaneous oral narratives in the Huppuq’ dialect. Keywords: Agul language, Lezgic languages, East Caucasian languages, grammaticalization, tense-aspect system, periphrastic form, participle, pre- sent, habitual, aorist, perfect, assertion, presupposition, focus construction Sergey Malyshev. Aspect in Coptic The paper provides a synchronic description of aspect expression pat- terns in Sahidic Coptic and focuses on the semantics of aspect-related gram- matical meanings (such as the Imperfective, the Perfective, the Resultative, the Habitual, and the Future), and proposes an actional classification of 12 verb classes. Keywords: Coptic, aspect, actionality, imperfective, perfective, resul- tative, habitual, future Vladimir Panov. Aspectual functions of Latin preverbs: descrip- tive problems Latin possesses a number of verbal prefixes (preverbs) with spatial characteristics of situations as their primary meanings. At the same time, similarly to East-European and Caucasian languages, Latin preverbs can in- fluence aspect meanings. Two types of such influence can be observed: the first is the so-called Vey — Schooneveld effect involving practically all pre- verbs, and the second is represented by prefixal Aktionsarts similar to those found in Slavic and other languages of the areal (involving the preverbs con-, dis-, re-, per-). The Latin facts are studied based on texts of different epochs. Keywords: Latin, preverbs, prefixation, Vey-Schooneveld effect, Ak- tionsart, Slavic, Baltic Elena Perekhvalskaya. Expression of aspectual meanings in the Udihe language There is no aspect as an overt grammatical category in Udihe. As- pectual meanings in Udihe are expressed: 1) in combination with temporal meanings; 2) by derivational verbal suffixes. The aspectual meaning of a par- ticular verb form results from the interaction between the meaning of com- pletion intrinsic in the lexeme and the aspectual meaning of the grammatical form. The actional properties of specific verbs also play a significant role. Keywords: Tungusic, Udihe, origins of perfect, derivational suffixes with aspectual meaning. 1017 Annotations and
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