DOCSLIB.ORG

(Phaseolus Lunatus L.) Using Chloroplast DNA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Phaseolus Lunatus L.) Using Chloroplast DNA Theor Appl Genet (1999) 98: 202Ð212 ( Springer-Verlag 1999 B. Fofana á J. P. Baudoin á X. Vekemans D. G. Debouck á P. du Jardin Molecular evidence for an Andean origin and a secondary gene pool for the Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) using chloroplast DNA Received: 1 May 1998 / Accepted: 13 July 1998 Abstract Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) diversity has Andean forms of the Lima bean are found to be more been examined using PCR-RFLP and RFLP strategies closely related to the 3 Andean wild species than its for phylogenetic studies in the genus Phaseolus. Mesoamerican forms. An Andean origin of the Lima Twenty-two species, including 4 of the 5 cultivated bean and a double derivative process during the evolu- species (P. lunatus ¸., the Lima bean; P. vulgaris L., the tion of P. lunatus are suggested. The 3 Andean species common bean; P. coccineus L., the runner bean and are proposed to constitute the secondary gene pool of P. polyanthus Greenman, the year-bean), represented P. lunatus, while its companion allies of Mesoamerican by 86 accessions were included in the study. Six PCR distribution can be considered as members of its primers designed from cpDNA and a total cpDNA tertiary gene pool. On the basis of these data, an over- probe were used for generating markers. Phylogenetic view on the evolution of the genus Phaseolus is also reconstruction using both Wagner parsimony and the discussed. neighbor-joining method was applied to the restriction fragment data obtained from each of the molecular Key words Intergenic regions á Molecular markers á approaches. P. vulgaris L. was shown to separate with Plant genetic resources á Phylogeny á Mesoamerica several species of largely Mesoamerican distribution, including P. coccineus L. and P. polyanthus Greenman, whereas P. lunatus L. forms a complex with 3 Andean Introduction species (P. pachyrrhizoides Harms, P. augusti Harms and P. bolivianus Piper) co-evolving with a set of com- In the context of conservation of plant genetic re- panion species with a Mesoamerican distribution. sources, a better knowledge of the phylogenetic rela- tionships within genera of crop species is of great importance to germplasm curators and plant breeders. Phylogenetic investigations are useful for identifying Communicated by P. M. A. Tigerstedt the wild progenitors of domesticated species (Doebley B. Fofana á J. P. Baudoin 1992) and suggesting putative members of their second- Unite« de Phytotechnie des Re«gions Intertropicales, ary and tertiary gene pools, which may help to define Faculte« des Sciences agronomiques de Gembloux, 2, priorities in sampling for ex situ collections as well as in Passages des De«porte«s, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium the management of in situ conservation programs B. Fofana ( ) á P. du Jardin (Frankel et al. 1995). Unite« de Biologie ve«ge«tale, Faculte« des Sciences Phylogenetic studies on the origin of cultivated agronomiques de Gembloux, 2, Passages des De«porte«s, plants are classically based on evidence from morpho- B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium Fax:#32-81-600727 logy (Piper 1926; Mare«chal et al. 1978; Delgado 1985), E-mail: [email protected] seed-protein electrophoresis (Johnson 1972; Sullivan and Freytag 1986; Gepts et al. 1986) and allozyme X. Vekemans Laboratoire de Ge«ne«tique et d’Ecologie ve«ge«tales, variation (Doebley et al. 1984; Second 1982). From the Universite« Libre de Bruxelles, 1850, Chausse«e de Wavre, late 1980s, molecular markers involving chloroplast B-1160 Bruxelles, Belgium DNA (cpDNA) variation have been extensively used to D. G. Debouck resolve conflicting phylogenies in cultivated taxa Genetic Resources Unit, International Centre for Tropical (Doebley et al. 1987; Neale et al. 1988; Ogihara and Agriculture, Apartado Ae«reo 6713, Cali, Colombia Tsunewaki 1988; Wolf et al. 1997). The reason for 203 focusing on cpDNA variation lies in its conservative to Mare«chal et al. (1978), Baudoin (1988) and Debouck rate of evolution, both in terms of genome size and (1991), two groups of wild species are suspected to structure (Palmer 1987), its maternal inheritance, the belong to the clade of P. lunatus: (1) wild species of availability of cpDNA probes (Llaca et al. 1994; Jack Mesoamerican distribution such as P. ritensis Jones, P. et al. 1995) and, more recently, universal primers for maculatus Scheele, P. jaliscanus Piper, P. marechalii polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of Delgado, P. salicifolius Piper and a specimen currently cpDNA sequences (Ogihara et al. 1991; Taberlet et al. not determined referred to here as P. sp.; and (2) wild 1991; Demesure et al. 1995; Fofana et al. 1997a). The species of Andean distribution such as P. augusti molecular techniques commonly applied to the study of Harms, P. bolivianus Piper and P. pachyrrhizoides cpDNA variation include (1) isolation of cpDNA fol- Harms. These two groups of species will be referred to lowed by digestion with restriction enzymes and elec- as the Mesoamerican and the Andean wild allies of P. trophoretic separation; (2) restriction digestion of total lunatus, respectively. In a recent study, Maquet (1995) DNA followed by Southern analysis using cpDNA- concluded that on the basis of seed protein patterns specific probes [hereafter called the probed-restriction and allozyme variation P. lunatus was more closely fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method]; and related to its Andean wild allies than to the Mesoameri- (3) direct sequencing of cpDNA regions. These methods can ones. This evidence was used by the author to are powerful, but they restrict most analyses to small suggest an Andean origin for the species P. lunatus. sample sizes due to their inherently high cost and time However, phylogenetic information on several wild investments (Weatherhead and Montgomerie 1991). species of Mesoamerican distribution such as Recently, some PCR-based methods like the amplifica- P. xolocotzii Delgado, P. filiformis Benth., P. angustis- tion of coding and/or non-coding sequences followed simus A. Gray, P. oligospermus Piper, P. hintonii De- by restriction digestion (hereafter called the PCR- lgado, P. grayanus Woot, Standley, P. microcarpus RFLP method) have increasingly been used in phylo- Mart., P. pedicellatus Benth., P. leptostachyus Benth. genetic studies (Pe«rez de la Rosa and Farjon 1995; and the eastern United States species P. polystachyus Tsumura et al. 1995). Furthermore, because non-cod- B.S.P. is still scarce. All of the above-mentioned species ing sequences of the chloroplast genome are expected belong to the section Phaseolus of the genus with the to evolve more rapidly than coding sequences (Wolfe exception of P. hintonii that belongs to section Xan- and Sharp 1988; Wolfe et al. 1987), primers have been thotricha (Delgado 1985). In addition, no phylogenetic designed for the amplification of intergenic regions of studies based on molecular data have been carried out cpDNA (Taberlet et al. 1991; Demesure et al. 1995; with both Mesoamerican and Andean wild species. Dumolin-Lape` gue et al. 1997; Fofana et al. 1997a). In this study, we investigate phylogenetic relation- Phaseolus is a large, diverse genus of at least 50 ships among 22 species belonging to the genus species that grow naturally in warm tropical and sub- Phaseolus, with special emphasis on the group of spe- tropical regions of the New World, from Sinaloa, cies currently described as wild allies of P. lunatus.We Mexico, to Salta, Argentina (Debouck et al. 1987; specifically address the issues whether the putative wild Delgado 1985). Phylogenetic relationships among allies of P. lunatus are phylogenetically closer to P. Phaseolus species have been investigated using mor- lunatus than to the P. vulgarisÐP. coccineus complex, phological (Mare«chal et al. 1978; Debouck 1991), bio- whether the Andean wild allies are more closely related chemical (Sullivan and Freytag 1986; Jaaska 1996; to P. lunatus than the Mesoamerican wild allies and Pueyo and Delgado 1997) as well as molecular markers whether the two gene pools of P. lunatus form together (Delgado et al. 1993; Hamann et al. 1995; Schmit et al. a monophyletic group with respect to other taxa. We 1993; Llaca et al. 1994; Vekemans et al. 1998). These use variation in cpDNA assessed by two distinct tech- studies identified a complex of species including the niques, i.e. PCR-RFLP of intergenic regions (IGRs) cultivated P. vulgaris L., P. coccineus L. and P. polyan- and total cpDNA probed-RFLP, and two phylogenetic thus Greenman (hereafter called the P. vulgarisÐP. reconstruction methods, i.e. neighbor-joining and coccineus complex) and showed that P. lunatus L., the Wagner parsimony. Lima bean, which is ranked second in economical im- portance among the cultivated species of the genus Phaseolus, was very distantly related to that complex. Materials and methods Furthermore, detailed studies in P. lunatus showed convincingly that the whole primary gene pool of the Plant material and DNA extraction Lima bean is divided into two main groups: a Me- soamerican group and an Andean group (Debouck et Young leaves were collected in the greenhouse from 52 accessions of al. 1989; Maquet et al. 1990; Nienhuis et al. 1995, P. lunatus including 40 wild accessions, 1 weedy, and 11 landraces as Fofana et al. 1997b). Each group comprises both wild well as from 34 accessions corresponding to 21 wild species includ- ing P. vulgaris, P. coccineus and P. polyanthus (Table 1). These plant and cultivated forms, but the evolutionary relation- materials were chosen either in the world seed bank of the Genetic ships between these two groups and companion species Resource Unit of the CIAT, Cali, Colombia (for codes G, DGD, or of the Lima bean remain poorly understood. According PL) or in the base collection of the Belgium National Botanic 204 Table 1 List, biological status and origin of di¤erent species Accession Species Status Origin! and ecotypes of the Lima Number bean 1 G25221 P.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1977 A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Lackey, James Andrew, "A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) " (1977). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5832. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5832 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • ACUMULACION DE TREALOSA EN GENOTIPOS DE FRIJOL SOMETIDOS a SEQUIA Para Obtener El Grado De
    UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLAS DE HIDALGO Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas Programa de doctorado Institucional en Ciencias Biológicas, Opción en Biología Experimental TESIS ACUMULACION DE TREALOSA EN GENOTIPOS DE FRIJOL SOMETIDOS A SEQUIA Para obtener el grado de: DOCTORA EN CIENCIAS EN BIOLOGIA EXPERIMENTAL Presenta: M.C: MARIA DE LOURDES BALLESTEROS ALMANZA DIRECTOR DE TESIS: DR. RODOLFO FARIAS RODRIGUEZ CO-DIRECTOR: DR. JUAN JOSE PEÑA CABRIALES MORELIA, MICH, MEXICO Mayo, 2010 1 CONTENIDO I.RESUMEN .................................................................................................................... 8 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 9 II. INTRODUCCIÓN ....................................................................................................... 10 III. ANTECEDENTES ...................................................................................................... 13 III.1. LEGUMINOSAS ............................................................................................................ 13 III.2. ORIGEN Y DOMESTICACIÓN DEL FRIJOL COMÚN: RAZAS Y CLASES COMERCIALES........... 14 III.2.1. Importancia del frijol .................................................................................................................... 18 III.3. DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA EN LAS ESPECIES DE Phaseolus EN RELACIÓN CON EL FRIJOL COMÚN. ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4 Wild Beans (Phaseolus
    Published by: Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 Citation: Dohle S, Berny Mier y Teran JC, Egan A, Kisha T, and Khoury CK (2019). “Wild Beans (Phaseolus L.) of North America”. In: Greene SL, Williams KA, Khoury CK, Kantar MB, and Marek LF, eds., North American Crop Wild Relatives, Volume 2: Important Species. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-97121-6_4. Available online at: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-97121-6_4 Chapter 4 Wild Beans (Phaseolus L.) of North America Sarah Dohle*, Jorge Carlos Berny Mier y Teran, Ashley Egan, Theodore Kisha, and Colin K. Khoury Sarah Dohle, Department of Plant Sciences, Delaware Valley University, Doylestown, PA 18901 [email protected] *corresponding author Jorge Carlos Berny Mier y Teran, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 Ashley N. Egan, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, 10th and Constitution Ave NW, MRC 166, Washington DC 20560 Theodore Kisha, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Pullman, WA, 99164 Colin K. Khoury, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, National Laboratory for Genetic Resource Preservation, Fort Collins, CO USA and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, [email protected], [email protected] 1 Abstract The wild relatives of the five domesticated species of bean (Phaseolus L.) are widely distributed across the tropics and subtropics of the New World, with taxa extending from the Canadian border to Argentina, and on the Caribbean Islands, Bermuda, and the Galapagos Islands. Mesoamerica holds the largest concentration of species, particularly in the highlands of central Mexico, northward along the Sierra Madre Occidental, and south to Chiapas.
    [Show full text]
  • Shared Flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific Islands
    Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist Volume 7 8th California Islands Symposium Article 12 9-25-2014 Island specialists: shared flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific slI ands Sarah E. Ratay University of California, Los Angeles, [email protected] Sula E. Vanderplank Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Dr., Fort Worth, TX, [email protected] Benjamin T. Wilder University of California, Riverside, CA, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/mwnan Recommended Citation Ratay, Sarah E.; Vanderplank, Sula E.; and Wilder, Benjamin T. (2014) "Island specialists: shared flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific slI ands," Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist: Vol. 7 , Article 12. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/mwnan/vol7/iss1/12 This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist 7, © 2014, pp. 161–220 ISLAND SPECIALISTS: SHARED FLORA OF THE ALTA AND BAJA CALIFORNIA PACIFIC ISLANDS Sarah E. Ratay1, Sula E. Vanderplank2, and Benjamin T. Wilder3 ABSTRACT.—The floristic connection between the mediterranean region of Baja California and the Pacific islands of Alta and Baja California provides insight into the history and origin of the California Floristic Province. We present updated species lists for all California Floristic Province islands and demonstrate the disjunct distributions of 26 taxa between the Baja California and the California Channel Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis of Seed Size, Germination, and Vegetative
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/824375; this version posted October 30, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Comparative analysis of seed size, germination, and vegetative allocation in annual and herbaceous perennial crops and their wild relatives in Lupinus and Phaseolus (Fabaceae) 1 Sterling A. Herron1,2*, Matthew J. Rubin2, Claudia Ciotir1†, Timothy E. Crews3, David L. Van 2 Tassel3, Allison J. Miller1,2* 3 4 1Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA 5 2Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA 6 3The Land Institute, Salina, KS, USA 7 8 *Correspondence: 9 Allison Miller and Sterling Herron 10 Office: +1 (314) 587-1232 11 [email protected]; [email protected] 12 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA 13 14 † Current address: Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of 15 Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel 16 17 Abstract word count: 294 18 Body text word count: 9241 19 Figure count: 3 (+1 supplementary) 20 Table count: 4 (+5 supplementary) 21 22 ABSTRACT 23 Herbaceous perennial species are receiving increased attention for their potential to provide both 24 edible products and ecosystem services in agricultural systems. Many legumes (Fabaceae Lindl.) 25 are of special interest due to nitrogen fixation carried out by bacteria in their roots and their 26 production of protein-rich, edible seeds.
    [Show full text]
  • FERNS and FERN ALLIES Dittmer, H.J., E.F
    FERNS AND FERN ALLIES Dittmer, H.J., E.F. Castetter, & O.M. Clark. 1954. The ferns and fern allies of New Mexico. Univ. New Mexico Publ. Biol. No. 6. Family ASPLENIACEAE [1/5/5] Asplenium spleenwort Bennert, W. & G. Fischer. 1993. Biosystematics and evolution of the Asplenium trichomanes complex. Webbia 48:743-760. Wagner, W.H. Jr., R.C. Moran, C.R. Werth. 1993. Aspleniaceae, pp. 228-245. IN: Flora of North America, vol.2. Oxford Univ. Press. palmeri Maxon [M&H; Wagner & Moran 1993] Palmer’s spleenwort platyneuron (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg [M&H; Wagner & Moran 1993] ebony spleenwort resiliens Kunze [M&H; W&S; Wagner & Moran 1993] black-stem spleenwort septentrionale (Linnaeus) Hoffmann [M&H; W&S; Wagner & Moran 1993] forked spleenwort trichomanes Linnaeus [Bennert & Fischer 1993; M&H; W&S; Wagner & Moran 1993] maidenhair spleenwort Family AZOLLACEAE [1/1/1] Azolla mosquito-fern Lumpkin, T.A. 1993. Azollaceae, pp. 338-342. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press. caroliniana Willdenow : Reports in W&S apparently belong to Azolla mexicana Presl, though Azolla caroliniana is known adjacent to NM near the Texas State line [Lumpkin 1993]. mexicana Schlechtendal & Chamisso ex K. Presl [Lumpkin 1993; M&H] Mexican mosquito-fern Family DENNSTAEDTIACEAE [1/1/1] Pteridium bracken-fern Jacobs, C.A. & J.H. Peck. Pteridium, pp. 201-203. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press. aquilinum (Linnaeus) Kuhn var. pubescens Underwood [Jacobs & Peck 1993; M&H; W&S] bracken-fern Family DRYOPTERIDACEAE [6/13/13] Athyrium lady-fern Kato, M. 1993. Athyrium, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • A Flora of Southwestern Arizona
    Felger, R.S. and S. Rutman. 2015. Ajo Peak to Tinajas Altas: a flora of southwestern Arizona. Part 14. Eudicots: Fabaceae – legume family. Phytoneuron 2015-58: 1–83. Published 20 Oct 2015. ISSN 2153 733X AJO PEAK TO TINAJAS ALTAS: A FLORA OF SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA. PART 14. EUDICOTS: FABACEAE – LEGUME FAMILY RICHARD STEPHEN FELGER Herbarium, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 & Sky Island Alliance P.O. Box 41165 Tucson, Arizona 85717 *Author for correspondence: [email protected] SUSAN RUTMAN 90 West 10th Street Ajo, Arizona 85321 [email protected] ABSTRACT A floristic account is provided for the legume family (Fabaceae) as part of the vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in the heart of the Sonoran Desert of southwestern Arizona. This flora includes 47 legume species in 28 genera, which is 6% of the total local vascular plant flora. These legumes are distributed across three subfamilies: Caesalpinioideae with 7 species, Mimosoideae 9 species, and Papilionoideae 28 species. Organ Pipe includes 38 legume species, Cabeza Prieta 22 species, and Tinajas Altas 10 species. Perennials, ranging from herbaceous to trees, account for 49 percent of the flora, the rest being annuals or facultative annuals or perennials and mostly growing during the cooler seasons. This publication, encompassing the legume family, is our fourteenth contribution to the vascular plant flora in southwestern Arizona. The flora area covers 5141 km2 (1985 mi2) in the Sonoran Desert (Figure 1). These contributions are published in Phytoneuron and also posted on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (http://cals.arizona.edu/herbarium/content/flora-sw- arizona).
    [Show full text]
  • 25-28 August 2016, Budapest, Hungary 1
    25-28 August 2016, Budapest, Hungary 1 12th European Nitrogen Fixation Conference BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 25-28 August 2016, Budapest, Hungary 2 12th European Nitrogen Fixation Conference 12th European Nitrogen Fixation Conference Book of Abstracts 25-28 August 2016 Budapest, Hungary ISBN 978-615-5270-26-0 Editors-in-chief: Éva Kondorosi, Gabriella Endre, Péter Kaló, Attila Kereszt Technical editor: Robert Hohol Cover photos: Tamás Thaler All rights are reserved for Diamond Congress Ltd., Budapest, Hungary, except the right of the authors to (re)publish their materials wherever they decide. This book is a working material for the 12th European Nitrogen Fixation Conference. The professional and grammatical level of the materials is the authors' responsibility. 25-28 August 2016, Budapest, Hungary 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Assembly of Symbionts and Endophytes at Lotus japonicus Root-Soil Interface .......................................... 25 Simona Radutoiu Gatekeepers of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes ............................................................................... 27 Jens Stougaard Nuclear Calcium Signalling in Symbioses ......................................................................................................... 29 Myriam Charpentier, Jongho Sun, Teresa vaz Martins, Guru V. Radhakrishnan, Eleni Soumpourou, Richard Morris, Giles Oldroyd Regulatory System Evolution of Symbiotic Organ Development ................................................................... 30 Satoru Okamoto, Takema Sasaki, Emiko Yoro, Hikota
    [Show full text]
  • Ajo Peak to Tinajas Altas: a Flora of Southwestern Arizona: Part 2
    Felger, R.S., S. Rutman, J. Malusa, and T.R. Van Devender. 2013. Ajo Peak to Tinajas Altas: A flora of southwestern Arizona: Part 2. The checklist. Phytoneuron 2013-27: 1–30. Published 9 April 2013. ISSN 2153 733X AJO PEAK TO TINAJAS ALTAS: A FLORA OF SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA PART 2. THE CHECKLIST RICHARD STEPHEN FELGER Herbarium, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 [email protected] & Sky Island Alliance P.O. Box 41165 Tucson, Arizona 85717 *author for correspondence SUSAN RUTMAN 90 West 10th Street Ajo, Arizona 85321 JIM MALUSA School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 [email protected] THOMAS R. VAN DEVENDER Sky Island Alliance P.O. Box 41165 Tucson, Arizona 85717 [email protected] & Herbarium, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 ABSTRACT A checklist is provided for the modern and fossil vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in southwestern Arizona. The modern flora includes 741 native and non-native taxa. The fossil record includes more than 219 species documented by specimens recovered from packrat ( Neotoma spp.) middens spanning the last 43,000+ years. An additional checklist is provided for the approximately 135 taxa restricted to higher-elevation mountains in Organ Pipe Cactus NM. This article is the second contribution for our flora of southwestern Arizona. KEY WORDS : Sonoran Desert, vascular plant flora, Arizona, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, Tinajas Altas, deep history, non-native species, desert sky islands This article provides a checklist for the vascular plant flora of the three contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in southwestern Arizona—the heart of the Sonoran Desert (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2017/202946 Al 30 November 2017 (30.11.2017) W !P O PCT
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/202946 Al 30 November 2017 (30.11.2017) W !P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: Published: C12N 9/5 (2006.01) — with international search report (Art. 21(3)) (21) International Application Number: — before the expiration of the time limit for amending the PCT/EP2017/062598 claims and to be republished in the event of receipt of amendments (Rule 48.2(h)) (22) International Filing Date: — with sequence listing part of description (Rule 5.2(a)) 24 May 2017 (24.05.2017) (25) Filing Language: English (26) Publication Langi English (30) Priority Data: 16170964.7 24 May 2016 (24.05.2016) EP (71) Applicant: NOVOZYMES A/S [DK/DK]; Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd (DK). (72) Inventors: CARSTENSEN, Lone; Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd (DK). SPODSBERG, Nikolaj; Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd (DK). GJERMANSEN, Morten; Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd (DK). SALOMON, Jes- per; Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd (DK). KROGH, Kristian, B,R,M,; Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd (DK). (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY,TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Characterization of Ensifer Aridi, a Proposed
    Le Quéré et al. BMC Genomics (2017) 18:85 DOI 10.1186/s12864-016-3447-y RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Genomic characterization of Ensifer aridi,a proposed new species of nitrogen-fixing rhizobium recovered from Asian, African and American deserts Antoine Le Quéré1,2* , Nisha Tak3, Hukam Singh Gehlot3, Celine Lavire4,5, Thibault Meyer4,5, David Chapulliot4,5, Sonam Rathi3, Ilham Sakrouhi1, Guadalupe Rocha6, Marine Rohmer7, Dany Severac7, Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf1 and Jose-Antonio Munive6 Abstract Background: Nitrogen fixing bacteria isolated from hot arid areas in Asia, Africa and America but from diverse leguminous plants have been recently identified as belonging to a possible new species of Ensifer (Sinorhizobium). In this study, 6 strains belonging to this new clade were compared with Ensifer species at the genome-wide level. Their capacities to utilize various carbon sources and to establish a symbiotic interaction with several leguminous plants were examined. Results: Draft genomes of selected strains isolated from Morocco (Merzouga desert), Mexico (Baja California) as well as from India (Thar desert) were produced. Genome based species delineation tools demonstrated that they belong to a new species of Ensifer. Comparison of its core genome with those of E. meliloti, E. medicae and E. fredii enabled the identification of a species conserved gene set. Predicted functions of associated proteins and pathway reconstruction revealed notably the presence of transport systems for octopine/nopaline and inositol phosphates. Phenotypic characterization of this new desert rhizobium species showed that it was capable to utilize malonate, to grow at 48 °C or under high pH while NaCl tolerance levels were comparable to other Ensifer species.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Vascular Plants of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and Tinajas Altas, Arizona
    CHECKLIST OF VASCULAR PLANTS OF ORGAN PIPE CACTUS NATIONAL MONUMENT, CABEZA PRIETA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, AND TINAJAS ALTAS, ARIZONA Richard Stephen Felger1,2, Susan Rutman3, Thomas R. Van Devender1,2, and 4,5 Steven M. Buckley 1Herbarium, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210036, Tucson, AZ 85721 2Sky Island Alliance, P.O. Box 41165, Tucson, AZ 85717 3Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument,10 Organ Pipe Drive, Ajo, AZ 85321 4National Park Service, Sonoran Desert Network, 7660 E. Broadway Blvd., Ste. 303, Tucson, AZ 85710 5School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 ABSTRACT The contiguous Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas region within the Sonoran Desert in southwestern Arizona have a vascular plant flora of 736 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, and hybrids) in 420 genera and 94 families. Elevation and ecological diversity decrease from east (Organ Pipe) to west (Tinajas Altas) while aridity increases from east to west, all correlating with decreasing botanical diversity. Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, which includes an ecologically isolated Sky Island of dwarfed woodland rising above actual desert, has a flora of 657 taxa in 395 genera and 93 families, of which 11 percent (72 species) are not native. Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge has a documented flora of 426 taxa in 266 genera and 63 families, of which 8.8 percent (37 species) are not native. The Tinajas Altas region has a flora of 227 taxa in 164 genera and 47 families, of which 5.3 pecent (12 species) are not native.
    [Show full text]