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For the Love of Insects
For the Love of Insects “In terms of biomass and their interactions with other terrestrial organisms, insects are the most important group of terrestrial animals.” --Grimaldi and Engel, 2005 Outline • The Most Successful Animals on Earth: a Brief (Entomological) Journey through Time • Insect Physiology and Development • Common Insects and their Identification Whence and Whither: Insect Origins and Evolution Before diversity, there was evolution… A ~500 million year journey… Silurian • Insect Flight: 400 mya • Modern insect orders: 250 mya • Primitive mammals: 120 mya • Modern mammals: 60 mya The Jointed Animals Phylum: Arthropoda • 75% of all species on earth are arthropods • Internal/External specialization of body parts = tagmosis • Hardened exoskeleton • Articulated body plates • Paired, jointed appendages sciencenewsjournal.com Tagmosis: highly specialized body segments found in all arthropods; insects: head, thorax, abdomen; spiders: cephalothorax and opisthosoma Epiclass HEXAPODA: Late Silurian/Early Devonian Class Entognatha Order Diplura Ellipura Order Protura Order Collembola Class Insecta (= Ectognatha) Hexapoda • 6 legs; 11 abdominal segments (or fewer) taxondiversity.fieldofscience.com • Entognatha: Protura, Diplura, and Collembola • Ectognatha: Insects The First Insects: Apterygota Archaeognatha: The Jumping Bristletails • ~500 spp. worldwide; wide range of habitats; • 4 Families (2 extinct) which occur mostly in rocky habitats • Mostly detritovores, but scavenge dead arthropods or eat exuviae; • Indirect mating behavior; -
Evolution of the Insects David Grimaldi and Michael S
Cambridge University Press 0521821495 - Evolution of the Insects David Grimaldi and Michael S. Engel Frontmatter More information EVOLUTION OF THE INSECTS Insects are the most diverse group of organisms to appear in the 3-billion-year history of life on Earth, and the most ecologically dominant animals on land. This book chronicles, for the first time, the complete evolutionary history of insects: their living diversity, relationships, and 400 million years of fossils. Whereas other volumes have focused on either living species or fossils, this is the first comprehensive synthesis of all aspects of insect evolution. Current estimates of phylogeny are used to interpret the 400-million-year fossil record of insects, their extinctions, and radiations. Introductory sections include the living species, diversity of insects, methods of reconstructing evolutionary relationships, basic insect structure, and the diverse modes of insect fossilization and major fossil deposits. Major sections cover the relationships and evolution of each order of hexapod. The book also chronicles major episodes in the evolutionary history of insects: their modest beginnings in the Devonian, the origin of wings hundreds of millions of years before pterosaurs and birds, the impact that mass extinctions and the explosive radiation of angiosperms had on insects, and how insects evolved the most complex societies in nature. Evolution of the Insects is beautifully illustrated with more than 900 photo- and electron micrographs, drawings, diagrams, and field photographs, many in full color and virtually all original. The book will appeal to anyone engaged with insect diversity: professional ento- mologists and students, insect and fossil collectors, and naturalists. David Grimaldi has traveled in 40 countries on 6 continents collecting and studying recent species of insects and conducting fossil excavations. -
First Survey of Collembola (Hexapoda: Entognatha) Fauna in Soil of Archipelago Fernando De Noronha, Brazil Estevam C
First survey of Collembola (Hexapoda: Entognatha) fauna in soil of Archipelago Fernando de Noronha, Brazil Estevam C. Araujo De Lima1, * and Douglas Zeppelini1,2, Collembola (Hexapoda: Entognatha) is one of the most abundant Table 1. Collembola recorded on the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Brazil. and widely distributed taxa among terrestrial Hexapoda (Hopkin 1997). Collection localites were: a sandy beach (SB), soil on the slope of a cliff (SC) and the Soil in the forest at the hilltop (SF). World distribution was summarized for Collembola specimens are found in almost all habitats, excluding each species as follows: Boreal (Bor) include regions 1–8, Neotropical (Neo) re- aquatic environments below the surface firm where their occurrence is gions 24–30, South African (Saf) region 31, Paleotropical (Pal) regions 9–23, Aus- rare or accidental. The greatest diversity and abundance of these spe- tralian (Aus) regions 32–34, and Antarctic (Ant) regions 35–37. Species distributed cies occurs in soil and in adjacent microhabitats, especially where there in at least, in 4 of the major regions (Neo, Pal, etc.) are considered to be cosmo- is much organic matter (Zeppelini et al. 2008). The potential value of politan (Cos). Species distribution restricted to Northeast and Central Brazil (NCB), restricted to Fernando de Noronha (RFN) and doubtful distribution Record (?). Collembola as biological indicators of soil health and ecosystem quality is increasingly recognized and therefore knowledge of the diversity of Localities Collembola becomes useful in the development of conservation strate- World gies and environmental monitoring (Stork & Eggleton 1992; Zeppelini Taxa SB SC SF distribution et al. -
Collembola (Entognatha) from East Africa
Eur. J. Entomol. 95: 217-237, 1998 ISSN 1210-5759 Collembola (Entognatha) from East Africa W anda M. WEINER1 and Judith NAJT2 1 Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, PL-31016 Krakdw, Poland 2EP 90 du CNRS, Laboratoire d’Entomologie, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 45, rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France Collembola, Hypogastruridae, Odontellidae, Neanuridae, Onychiuridae, Isotomidae, East Africa, identification keys, new species, redescription Abstract. Materials of Hypogastruridae, Odontellidae, Neanuridae, Onychiuridae and Isotomidae from East Africa were studied. Several new species are described: Acherontiella kowalskiorum sp. n., Furcu- lanurida grandcolasorum sp. n., Stachorutes dallaii sp. n., and Paleonura cassagnaui sp. n. Friesea vtorovi Tshelnokov, 1977 and Tullbergia kilimanjarica (Delamare Deboutteville, 1953) are redescribed. Stachorutes arlei (Thibaud & Massoud, 1980) is a new combination. Identification keys for Friesea Dalla Torre, 1895 with 2 + 2 eyes and Stachorutes Dallai, 1973 are given. INTRODUCTION The last systematic account on the Collembola of East Africa was presented by Dehar- veng and Diaz in 1984 with a review of all references concerning this region. The present study is based on the material collected in Tanzania and Kenya. Abbreviations . ISEA - Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sci ences, Krakdw, Poland; MNHN - Laboratoire d ’Entomologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT Family Hypogastruridae Ceratophysella denticulata Bagnall, 1941 M aterial examined . Tanzania, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, 2,200 m a.s.l., brink of the crater, dry forest near Sopa Lodge, 28.viii.1996, lgt. B. & K. Kowalski, 2 specimens: $ and 6 juv. Geographical distribution . -
GAYANA Assessing Climatic and Intrinsic Factors That Drive Arthropod
GAYANA Gayana (2020) vol. 84, No. 1, 25-36 DOI: XXXXX/XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ORIGINAL ARTICLE Assessing climatic and intrinsic factors that drive arthropod diversity in bird nests Evaluando los factores climáticos e intrínsecos que explican la diversidad de artrópodos dentro de nidos de aves Gastón O. Carvallo*, Manuel López-Aliste, Mercedes Lizama, Natali Zamora & Giselle Muschett Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile. *E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Bird nests are specialized structures that act as microrefuge and a source of food for arthropods. Nest arthropod richness and composition may vary according to the nest builder, geographical location and nest size. Because information on nest arthropods is scarce, there are even fewer studies on the drivers of nest arthropod diversity. We characterized arthropod diversity in cup- and dome-shaped nests along a 130 km latitudinal gradient in the mediterranean-type region of Central Chile and, we assessed whether nest dimensions and climatic factors explain richness (alpha-diversity). Then, we evaluated whether climatic differences between sites explain arthropod nest composition (beta-diversity). All collected nests hosted at least one arthropod specimen. We identified 43 taxonomic entities (4.2 entities per nest ± 0.5, mean ± SE, n = 27 nests) belonging to 18 orders and five classes: Arachnida, Diplopoda, Entognatha, Insecta and Malacostraca. We observed differences in nest arthropod richness and composition related to sites but not bird species. Larger nests supported greater arthropod richness. Furthermore, we observed that climatic differences explain the variation in arthropod composition between sites. Nests in the northern region (drier and warmer) mainly hosted Hemipterans and Hymenopterans. -
2017 ESA, ESA Certification Corporation, and Entomological Foundation Awards
2017 ESA, ESA Certification Corporation, and Entomological Foundation Awards Each year the Entomological Society of America, the ESA Certification Corporation, and the Entomological Foundation provide annual honors and awards to recognize scientists, educators, early professionals, and students who have distinguished themselves through their contributions to entomology. For more information on the ESA, Certification Corporation, and Entomological Foundation Awards, visit www.entsoc.org/awards. ENTOMOLOGY 2017 | NOVEMBER 5–8 | DENVER, COLORADO 43 Awards: Sunday, November 5 2017 ESA, CERTIFICATION and ENTOMOLOGICAL FOUNDATION AWARDS Opening Plenary: ESA Fellows, ESA Honorary Members & Entomological Foundation Medal of Honor ESA’s 2017 Honorary Members and Fellows will be presented during the Opening Plenary Session on Sunday, November 5, 7:30 – 9:30 PM, and the Awards Breakfast on Tuesday, November 7, 7:30 – 9:00 AM. Both sessions will take place in the Four Seasons Ballroom of the Convention Center. Honorary Members Dr. Roger Moon became professor emeritus of entomology at the University of Honorary membership acknowledges those who have Minnesota in St. Paul after 36 years of served ESA for at least 20 years through significant service in research, teaching, and outreach. involvement in the affairs of the Society that has reached an He earned a Ph.D. in entomology from the extraordinary level. Candidates for this honor are selected University of California, Davis, in 1979. His research by the ESA Governing Board and then voted on by the ESA concerns the biology, ecology, and management of filth membership. flies, mosquitoes, bots, keds, lice, bugs, and mites that occur around livestock, wildlife, and people. -
The Genome of the Blind Soil-Dwelling and Ancestrally Wingless Dipluran Campodea Augens, a Key Reference Hexapod for Studying the Emergence of Insect Innovations
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/585695; this version posted June 29, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. The genome of the blind soil-dwelling and ancestrally wingless dipluran Campodea augens, a key reference hexapod for studying the emergence of insect innovations Mosè Manni1*, Felipe A. Simao1, Hugh M. Robertson2, Marco A. Gabaglio1, Robert M. Waterhouse3, Bernhard Misof4, Oliver Niehuis5, Nikolaus U. Szucsich6, Evgeny M. Zdobnov1* 1Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland. 2Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. 3Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland. 4Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. 5Department of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Albert Ludwig University, Institute of Biology I (Zoology), Freiburg, Germany. 6Natural History Museum Vienna, 3rd Zoological Dept., Vienna, Austria. *Authors for Correspondence: Evgeny M. Zdobnov, email: [email protected] Mosè Manni, email: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/585695; this version posted June 29, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. -
Collembola (Springtails) (Arthropoda: Hexapoda: Entognatha) Found in Scrapings from Individuals Diagnosed with Delusory Parasitosis
J. New York Entomol. Soc. 112(1):87–95, 2004 COLLEMBOLA (SPRINGTAILS) (ARTHROPODA: HEXAPODA: ENTOGNATHA) FOUND IN SCRAPINGS FROM INDIVIDUALS DIAGNOSED WITH DELUSORY PARASITOSIS 1 2 DEBORAH Z. ALTSCHULER, MICHAEL CRUTCHER, MD, MPH, FACPM, 3 1 NECULAI DULCEANU, DVM, PHD(DECEASED), BETH A. CERVANTES, 4 5 CRISTINA TERINTE, MD, PHD AND LOUIS N. SORKIN, BCE 1National Pediculosis Association, 50 Kearney Road, Needham, Massachusetts 02494; 2Commissioner of Health, Oklahoma State Department of Health, 1000 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73117; 3Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, Romania; 4Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania; and 5Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024-5192 Abstract.—Twenty individuals diagnosed with delusory parasitosis participated in a single site clinical study under the auspices of the National Pediculosis Association (NPA) and the Oklahoma State Department of Health. The objective of this study was to determine if there were any common factors in skin scrapings collected from this population. These individuals, whose symptoms were originally attributed to lice or scabies, were part of a larger group reporting symptoms of stinging/biting and/or crawling to the NPA. Multiple skin scrapings from each person were microscopically examined. Any and all fields of view that appeared incongruous to normal human skin were digitally photographed. When the photographic images were initially evaluated, no common factor was identified. However, more extensive scrutiny using imaging software revealed evidence of Collembola in 18 of the 20 participants. Key words: Collembola, springtail, stinging, biting, crawling, Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha, pediculosis, human skin, lice and scabies. -
Standardised Arthropod (Arthropoda) Inventory Across Natural and Anthropogenic Impacted Habitats in the Azores Archipelago
Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e62157 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e62157 Data Paper Standardised arthropod (Arthropoda) inventory across natural and anthropogenic impacted habitats in the Azores archipelago José Marcelino‡, Paulo A. V. Borges§,|, Isabel Borges ‡, Enésima Pereira§‡, Vasco Santos , António Onofre Soares‡ ‡ cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Rua Madre de Deus, 9500, Ponta Delgada, Portugal § cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Rua Capitão João d’Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Portugal | IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal Corresponding author: Paulo A. V. Borges ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pedro Cardoso Received: 17 Dec 2020 | Accepted: 15 Feb 2021 | Published: 10 Mar 2021 Citation: Marcelino J, Borges PAV, Borges I, Pereira E, Santos V, Soares AO (2021) Standardised arthropod (Arthropoda) inventory across natural and anthropogenic impacted habitats in the Azores archipelago. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e62157. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e62157 Abstract Background In this paper, we present an extensive checklist of selected arthropods and their distribution in five Islands of the Azores (Santa Maria. São Miguel, Terceira, Flores and Pico). Habitat surveys included five herbaceous and four arboreal habitat types, scaling up from native to anthropogenic managed habitats. We aimed to contribute -
Insect Glycerol Transporters Evolved by Functional Co-Option and Gene Replacement
ARTICLE Received 3 Mar 2015 | Accepted 12 Jun 2015 | Published 17 Jul 2015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8814 OPEN Insect glycerol transporters evolved by functional co-option and gene replacement Roderick Nigel Finn1,2, Franc¸ois Chauvigne´1,3, Jon Anders Stavang1, Xavier Belles4 & Joan Cerda`3 Transmembrane glycerol transport is typically facilitated by aquaglyceroporins in Prokaryota and Eukaryota. In holometabolan insects however, aquaglyceroporins are absent, yet several species possess polyol permeable aquaporins. It thus remains unknown how glycerol transport evolved in the Holometabola. By combining phylogenetic and functional studies, here we show that a more efficient form of glycerol transporter related to the water-selective channel AQP4 specifically evolved and multiplied in the insect lineage, resulting in the replacement of the ancestral branch of aquaglyceroporins in holometabolan insects. To recapitulate this evolutionary process, we generate specific mutants in distantly related insect aquaporins and human AQP4 and show that a single mutation in the selectivity filter con- verted a water-selective channel into a glycerol transporter at the root of the crown clade of hexapod insects. Integration of phanerozoic climate models suggests that these events were associated with the emergence of complete metamorphosis and the unparalleled radiation of insects. 1 Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Center, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. 2 Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway. 3 Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimenta`ries (IRTA)-Institut de Cie`ncies del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas (CSIC), Passeig Marı´tim 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. 4 Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marı´tim 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. -
ABSTRACTS Edited by Paul C
ABSTRACTS Edited by Paul C. Nascimbene 8th International Conference on Fossil Insects, Arthropods & Amber | Edited by Paul C. Nascimbene 1 8th International conference on fossil insects, arthropods and amber. Santo Domingo 2019 Abstracts Book ISBN 978-9945-9194-0-0 Edited by Paul C. Nascimbene Amber World Museum Fundación para el Desarrollo de la Artesanía International Palaeoentomological society Available at www.amberworldmuseum.com Contents Abstracts organized alphabetically by author (* denotes the presenter) IPS President’s Address Pages 3-5 Keynote Presentations Pages 6-15 Talks Pages 16-100 Posters Pages 101-138 8th International Conference on Fossil Insects, Arthropods & Amber | Edited by Paul C. Nascimbene 1 IPS President’s Address 2 8th International Conference on Fossil Insects, Arthropods & Amber | Edited by Paul C. Nascimbene “Palaeoentomology”: An advanced traditional science dealing with the past with modern technologies Dany Azar: President of the International Palaeoentomological Society *Lebanese University, Faculty of Science II, Fanar, Natural Sciences Department, Fanar - El- Matn, PO box 26110217, Lebanon. Palaeoentomology began formally in the late XVIIIth Century with publications on fossil insects in amber. At the start of the XIXth Century, the first studies and descriptions of insects from sedimentary rocks appeared. This discipline then developed during the XIXth and beginning of the XXth centuries, and resulted in major works and reviews. The end of the XXth and the beginning of XXIst centuries (especially after the famous film “Jurassic Park,” produced by Steven Spielberg in 1993 and based on the eponymous novel of Michael Crichton, together with the discovery of new rock and amber outcrops with fossil insects of different geological ages in various parts of the world), witnessed a significant and exponential growth of the science of palaeoentomology resulting in a huge amount of high- quality international scientific work, using the most advanced analytical, phylogenetic and imaging techniques. -
Pancrustacean Evolution Illuminated by Taxon-Rich Genomic- Scale Data Sets with an Expanded Remipede Sampling
GBE Pancrustacean Evolution Illuminated by Taxon-Rich Genomic- Scale Data Sets with an Expanded Remipede Sampling 1,2,9,* 1 2,10 2,11 1,2 Jesus Lozano-Fernandez , Mattia Giacomelli , James F. Fleming ,AlbertChen , Jakob Vinther , Philip Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/11/8/2055/5528088 by Royal Library Copenhagen University user on 14 August 2020 Francis Thomsen3,12, Henrik Glenner4, Ferran Palero5,6,DavidA.Legg7,ThomasM.Iliffe8, Davide Pisani1,2,*,and Jørgen Olesen3,* 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom 2School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom 3Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 4Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Norway 5Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, Spain 6Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland 7Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom 8Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston 9Present address: Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 10Present address: Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan 11Present address: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom 12Present address: Department of Bioscience, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark *Corresponding authors: E-mails: [email protected];[email protected]; [email protected]. Accepted: June 5, 2019 Data deposition: This project has been deposited at the NCBI under the accession number PRJNA507978 (SRA numbers: SRR8280776/ SRR8280777/SRR8280778). Abstract The relationships of crustaceans and hexapods (Pancrustacea) have been much discussed and partially elucidated following the emergence of phylogenomic data sets.