2008 Annual Progress Report

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2008 Annual Progress Report REPUBLIC OF GHANA THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY (GPRS II) 2006 - 2009 2008 ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT ACCRA, GHANA SEPTEMBER, 2009 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING COMMISSION TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... i LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ................................................................................................................ iv LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................. vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 KEY ACTIVITIES FOR THE MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF GPRS II ................................ 2 1.2.1 Sector and District Monitoring and Evaluation of the GPRS II Implementation .............................. 2 1.2.2 2008 Citizens’ Assessment of the National Health Insurance Services ............................................ 2 1.2.3 Budget and Public Expenditure Management Systems ..................................................................... 3 1.2.4 National Strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS) ........................................................... 4 1.2.5 Ghana Info Database ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.6 Evidence Based Policy Making Programme (EBPM) ...................................................................... 5 1.2.7 The Multi-Donor Budget Support (MDBS) Programme .................................................................. 6 1.2.8 Distribution of the 2007 APR ........................................................................................................... 7 1.3 DATA COLLECTION FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE 2008 APR ................................................. 7 1.3.1 Data Collection Challenges ............................................................................................................... 7 1.3.2 Reporting Cycle of Selected MDAs .................................................................................................. 8 1.4 SUMMARY OF PROGRESS MADE IN 2008 – GPRS II CORE INDICATORS .................................. 10 CHAPTER TWO: MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE ............ 12 2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 TRENDS IN SELECTED MACROECONOMIC AND ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE INDICATORS 13 2.2.1 Real GDP Growth Rate ................................................................................................................... 13 2.2.2 Trends in Inflation ........................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.3 Interest Rates ................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.4 Developments in the Fiscal Sector .................................................................................................. 19 2.2.5 Developments in the External Sector .............................................................................................. 20 2.2.6 Domestic Debt Stock and Domestic Debt Service .......................................................................... 22 2.3 TRENDS IN SELECTED POVERTY INDICATORS ............................................................................. 23 2.4 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MACROECONOMIC AND ECONOMIC POLICY ENVIRONMENT ... 23 2.4.1Management of Fiscal Policy ........................................................................................................... 24 2.4.2 Monetary Policy .............................................................................................................................. 27 2.5 SUMMARY OF POLICY RECOMENDATIONS ................................................................................. 30 CHAPTER THREE: PRIVATE SECTOR COMPETITIVENESS ................................................................ 34 3.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 34 3.2 STATUS OF SELECTED INDICATORS, AND KEY POLICY MEASURES, AND STRATEGIES IN 2008 .................................................................................................................. 34 3.2.1. Private Sector Development ........................................................................................................... 34 3.2.2. Modernized Agriculture ................................................................................................................. 43 3.2.3. Fisheries and Aquaculture Development ....................................................................................... 56 3.2.4. Restoration of Degraded Environment and Natural Resource Management.................................. 58 3.2.5. Promoting Trade and Industrial Development ............................................................................... 67 3.2.6. Transport Infrastructure: Road, Rail, Water and Air Transport ..................................................... 69 3.2.7. Energy Supply to Support Industry and Households ..................................................................... 76 3.2.8. Science and Technology to Support Productivity and Development ............................................. 80 3.2.9. Developing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) .................................................. 82 3.2.10. Developing the Tourism Sector for Revenue and Employment Generation ................................ 84 i 3.2.11. The Music and Films Industry for Growth and Job Creation ....................................................... 87 3.2.12. Employment Generation and Improvement and Expansion of Safety Nets ................................. 91 3.3 SUMMARY OF POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................. 93 3.3.1 Private Sector Development ............................................................................................................ 94 3.3.2 Modernized Agriculture .................................................................................................................. 94 3.3.3 Modernized Fishing and Aquaculture Development....................................................................... 95 3.3.4 Restoration of Degraded Environment and Natural Resource Management .................................. 95 3.3.5 Promoting Trade and Industrial Development .............................................................................. 96 3.3.6 Transport Infrastructure: Road, Rail, Water and Air Transport ...................................................... 96 3.3.7 Energy Supply to Support Industry and Households ...................................................................... 98 3.3.8 Science and Technology to Support Productivity and Development .............................................. 98 3.3.9 Developing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) ................................................... 98 3.3.10 Developing the Tourism Sector for Revenue and Employment Generation ................................. 99 3.3.11. The Music and Films Industry for Growth and Job Creation ....................................................... 99 3.3.12 Employment Generation and Improvement and Expansion of Safety Nets ................................ 100 CHAPTER FOUR: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT .................................................................... 117 4.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 117 4.2 STATUS OF SELECTED INDICATORS, AND KEY POLICY MEASURES AND STRATEGIES IN 2008 ....................................................................................................................................................... 117 4.2.1Education ....................................................................................................................................... 117 4.2.2 Training and Skills Development.................................................................................................. 125 4.2.3 Health ............................................................................................................................................ 127 4.2.4 HIV/AIDS Prevention ................................................................................................................... 137 4.2.5 Malaria Control ............................................................................................................................. 139 4.2.6 Population Management ............................................................................................................... 141 4.2.7 Safe Water and Sanitation ............................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • CSR Communication: a Study of Multinational Mining Companies in Southern Ghana
    CSR Communication: A Study of Multinational Mining Companies in Southern Ghana Joe Prempeh Owusu-Agyemang, MPharm, MBA & MRes 2017 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Business Department, Kingston University, London. Supervisors: Dr Fatima Annan-Diab Dr Nina Seppala i Abstract In recent years, there has been significant interest in communication on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) (Tehemar, 2012; Bortree, 2014). Yet, it is impractical to assume a one- size-fits-all definition for CSR (Crane and Matten, 2007; Walter, 2014). Therefore, this becomes an important area for research as CSR communications play a vital role in any CSR strategy in the business world, more especially in Ghana. Consequently, a good CSR communication can address the increasing cynicism about CSR when it is done effectively (Du et al., 2010; Kim and Ferguson, 2014). While a body of research exists about CSR communication at a theoretical level (Brugger, 2010; Schmeltz, 2012), there is a lack of empirical research investigating the topic in a particular policy and cultural content (Emel et al., 2012). The aim of this study was to address the limited research on CSR communication in Ghana. It empirically investigated whether the CSR dimensions (Triple Bottom Line) and effective CSR message components are positively linked with CSR stakeholder’ approval. The effects of individual characteristics including education and gender were also tested on the relationships. The study integrates insights from stakeholder theory (Vaaland et al., 2008; Wang, 2008) supported by both legitimacy theory (Perk et al., 2013) and institutional theory (Suddaby, 2013) to explain the planned base for CSR communication.
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 Budget.Pdf
    REPUBLIC OF GHANA THE BUDGET STATEMENT AND ECONOMIC POLICY of the GOVERNMENT OF GHANA for the 2009 FINANCIAL YEAR presented to PARLIAMENT on Thursday, 5th March, 2009 by Dr. Kwabena Duffuor MINISTER OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC PLANNING on the authority of H. E. John Evans Atta Mills PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA Investing in A BETTER GHANA For Copies of the statement, please contact the Public Relations Office of the Ministry: Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning Public Relations Office – (Room 303 or 350) P.O. Box MB 40, Accra, Ghana. The 2009 Budget Statement and Economic Policies of the Government is also available on the internet at: www.mofep.gov.gh ii Investing in A BETTER GHANA ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 3G Third Generation ADR Alternate Dispute Resolution AEAs Agricultural Extension Agents AFSAP Agriculture Finance Strategy and Action Plan APR Annual Progress Report APRM African Peer Review Mechanism ART Anti-Retroviral Therapy ASF African Swine Fever ATM Average Term to Maturity AU African Union BECE Basic Education Certificate Examination BoG Bank of Ghana BOST Bulk Oil Storage and Transportation BPO Business Process Outsourcing CAHWs Community Animal Health Workers CBD Central Business District CBPP Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia CCE Craft Certificate Examination CDD Centre for Democratic Development CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women CEDECOM Central Regional Development Commission CEPA Centre for Policy Analysis CEPS Customs Excise and Preventive Service CFMP Community
    [Show full text]
  • “Operation Vanguard” in the Upper Denkyira West District in the Central Region of Ghana
    University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA PERCEPTIONS OF THE PEOPLE ON “OPERATION VANGUARD” IN THE UPPER DENKYIRA WEST DISTRICT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF GHANA BISMARK KWABENA BOATENG MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY 2020 University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA PERCEPTIONS OF THE PEOPLE ON “OPERATION VANGUARD” IN THE UPPER DENKYIRA WEST DISTRICT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF GHANA BISMARK KWABENA BOATENG (8180490005) A thesis in the Department of Social Studies Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Philosophy (Social Studies) in the University of Education, Winneba MAY, 2020 University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh DECLARATION Student’s Declaration I, Bismark Kwabena Boateng, hereby declare that this research, with the exception of quotations and references contained in published works, whi ch have all been duly identified and acknowledged has not been submitted either in part or whole for another degree elsewhere. Signature: …..……………………..… Date: ………………………………… Supervisor’s Declaration I hereby declare that the preparation and presentation of this work were supervised in accordance with the guidelines for supervision of dissertation as laid down by the University of Education, Winneba. Dr. Ignatius Joseph Obeng (Supervisor) Signature: …..……………………..… Date: ………………………………… iii University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh DEDICATION To my son, Israel Kwabena Oduro-Boateng iv University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A study of this nature cannot be successfully completed without the support of certain personalities.
    [Show full text]
  • (CSM) Richard Bayel Trumah (BA. Geography and Rura
    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELECTED CLIMATIC VARIABLES AND CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS (CSM) Richard Bayel Trumah (BA. Geography and Rural Development) A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Resources Management. June, 2013. DECLARATION I hereby declare that this work is the result of my own field research and it has not been submitted either in part or whole for any other degree elsewhere. Specific references and sources of information used have been duly acknowledged. Where there appear to be statement(s) which have similarity to any other statement(s) elsewhere but has or have not been acknowledged is/are my own statement(s) and not an attempt to plagiarize. Trumah Bayel Richard ..….………….....………… ..….………….....……… (Student) Signature Date Certified by: Mr. John Ayer ..….………….....………… ..….………….....……… (Supervisor) Signature Date Certified by: Professor Samuel Kwofie ..….………….....………… ..….………….....……… (Head of Department) Signature Date ii DEDICATION To my parents, Mr. Joseph Trumah Bayel and Mrs. Baduro Trumah and my siblings. I dedicate this work to them for their love and support during the duration of the programme. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My deepest appreciation goes to the Almighty God for His divine protection and guidance throughout this post graduate study. I am particularly grateful to my academic supervisors Mr. John Ayer and Dr. Dadson Awunyo-Vitor for their patience, guidance, support, corrections and comments made for a successful completion of this thesis. My sincere gratitude to all my lecturers on the Environmental Resources Management program and staff of the Department of Materials Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Prince Abbey Thesis Economic
    University of Bath PHD Economic Governance and Social Capital A Case Study of Ghana’s Cocoa Industry Abbey, Prince Award date: 2016 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 05. Oct. 2021 Citation for published version: Abbey, P 2016, 'Economic Governance and Social Capital: A Case Study of Ghana’s Cocoa Industry', Ph.D., University of Bath. Publication date: 2016 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication © The Author University of Bath General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF (904.4
    Published by Authority Mo. 22 FRIDAY, 9TH MAY 1997 CONTENTS Page Notice of Publication of Official Bulletins 98 The National Weekly Lotto Results 98 Publication of Public Services Commission Examination Results- :ontd. 98 m p GUANA GAZETTE, 9th MAY, 1997___________ 98 NOITCE OF PUBLICATION OF OFFICIAL BULLETINS COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL NO. 7 is published today, price: 01,200 Summary of Contents Companies Page Notice of Incorporation ol a Company .. 33 Notice of Dissolution of a Company 33 Company entitled to commence Business under the Companies Code, 1963 34 LOCAL GOVERNMENT NO. 11 is published today, price: 01,500 Summary of Contents General i Imposition of Rates and Fee-Fixing Resolution for the Financial Year 1st January to 31st December, 1997—Berekum District Assembly .. 156 THE NATIONAL WEEKLY LOTTO RESULTS It is hereby certified that a National Weekly Lotto Draw was held on Saturday, 3rd May, 1997 in accordance with the provisions of the National Weekly Lotto Act, 1961 and the Regulations published thereunder and that the \ following numbers were drawn in successive order: 11 -40-75-12-20 COL. MARTIN GBIKPI. Director of National Lotteries PUBLIC SERVICES COMMISSION EXAMINATIONS SPECIAL QUALIFYING EXAMINATION FOR PROMOTION TO THE GRADE OF MASS EDUCATION OFFICER-PASS LIST IN ORDER OF MERIT 26th AUGUST, 1995 No. Name of Candidate Minjbept. Index Number 1. Pertey Nancy Community Development MEO/95/CR/04 2. Ametewee Edem do. MEO/95/VR/08 3. Dakurah Mennas Williams do. MEO/95/NR/16 4. Gershon Ben Roylance do. MEO/95/WR/11 5. Kussi Victoria do. MEO/95/BA/04 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Denkyira East Municipal Assembly
    Contents UPPER DENKYIRA EAST MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY ........................................................................................ 3 Population ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 DISTRICT ECONOMY .................................................................................................................................. 3 Agriculture ................................................................................................................................................ 3 ROADS AND TRANSPORT .......................................................................................................................... 5 REPUBLIC OF GHANA Health ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 9 POLICY OBJECTIVES OF THE MUNICIPALITY ............................................................................................ 12 COMPOSITE BUDGET 2. POLICY OUTCOME INDICATORS AND TARGETS ..................................................................... 25 3. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE PERFORMANCE TREND ............................................................. 27 FOR 2019-2022 SUB -PROGRAMME 1.1 General Administration ......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi Three Essays on Small-Scale Gold Mining Operations in Ghana: an Integ
    KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI THREE ESSAYS ON SMALL-SCALE GOLD MINING OPERATIONS IN GHANA: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS by George Lord Opoku-Antwi MA (Economics); BA (Economics & Sociology) A Thesis submitted to the Department of Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) Faculty of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Social Sciences August 2010 CERTIFICATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work towards the Doctorate degree and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published by another person nor material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree of the University, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. G.L. Opoku-Antwi (PG9233306) ………………… ………………. (Student Name & ID) Signature Date Certified by: Prof. J. Ohene-Manu ………………… ………………… (Supervisor) Signature Date Certified by: J. Appiah-Nkrumah ………………… ………………… (Head of Department) Signature Date ii ABSTRACT The thesis is a monographic piece of three essays or papers on small-scale gold mining in Ghana synthesized into one document. The essays therefore, represent different but related essays as indicated in the title of the thesis. The first essay highlights on contemporary issues on small-scale gold mining operations in Ghana. The second essay focuses on comparative study in the Bibiani, Bolgatanga, Dunkwa and Tarkwa Mining districts of the Minerals Commission of Ghana. The third essay which is the most dominant of the study is on an integrated approach to benefit-cost analysis on small- scale gold mining operations in the Bibiani, Bolgatanga, Dunkwa and Tarkwa Mining districts of the Minerals Commission of Ghana.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in District Assemblies in Ghana: Gender Construction, Resistance and Empowerment
    Edith Cowan University Research Online Theses: Doctorates and Masters Theses 2017 Women in District Assemblies in Ghana: Gender construction, resistance and empowerment Janet Serwah Boateng Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses Part of the Political Science Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Boateng, J. S. (2017). Women in District Assemblies in Ghana: Gender construction, resistance and empowerment. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2048 This Thesis is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2048 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. Where the reproduction of such material is done without attribution of authorship, with false attribution of authorship or the authorship is treated in a derogatory manner, this may be a breach of the author’s moral rights contained in Part IX of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Courts have the power to impose a wide range of civil and criminal sanctions for infringement of copyright, infringement of moral rights and other offences under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Denkyira East Municipal Assembly
    Table of Contents PART A: STRATEGIC OVERVIEW OF UPPER DENKYIRA EAST MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY . 3 1.0 BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ASSEMBLY HISTORY ......... 3 2.0 POLICY OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................. 3 3.0 VISION ......................................................................................................................................... 4 4.0 GOALS/ MISSION ...................................................................................................................... 4 5.0 CORE FUNCTIONS OF THE MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY ..................................................... 4 6.0 DISTRICT ECONOMY .............................................................................................................. 5 7.0 SUMMARY OF KEY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2020 ................................................................... 9 8.0 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE PERFORMANCE .......................................................... 10 9.0 POLICY OUTCOME INDICATORS AND TARGETS ......................................................... 11 PART B: BUDGET PROGRAMME SUMMARY .......................................................................13 PROGRAMME 1: MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION ................................................... 13 PROGRAMME 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DELIVERY AND MANAGEMENT ................................ 23 PROGRAMME3: SOCIAL SERVICES DELIVERY ......................................................................... 28 PROGRAMME4:
    [Show full text]
  • Eleventh Annual Report 2004
    National Commission for Civic Education Eleventh Annual Report 2004 NCCE Tenth Annual Report ’03 1 COMMISSION MEMBERS 2 NCCE Eleventh Annual Report ’04 From the Chairman The National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE), which was invested with sartorial elegance by Chapter 19 of the 1992 Constitution and established by Act 452 of 1993, is enjoined to annually submit to Parliament, a report indicating the activities and operations of the Commission in respect of the preceding year. This report is the eleventh (11th) the Commission is presenting to Parliament in accordance with Section 20 of Act 452. The year 2004 was an exciting one in the country. Ghanaians voted peacefully in the fourth presidential and parliamentary elections since 1992. In preparing the electorate for the exercise, the Commission’s educational programmes focused largely on getting the people to participate massively in the electoral process. The electoral process began with the compilation of the Voters Register, the photo-taking exercise , the mopping-up exercise and the exhibition of the provisional Register. The Commission’s major constitutional responsibility is to excite and inspire the Ghanaians to be informed and responsible democratic citizens. The high turnout of 85.1 per cent recorded during the December 2004 elections is a manifestation of the collective and enormous work done by the NCCE, a leader in civic/voter education in the country, and other agents in the electoral environment. For purposes of observing the December 7, 2004 elections, the Commission, for the first time, constituted an Election Observation Team to observe the general environment of the Ghanaian political scene particularly before, during and after the elections.
    [Show full text]
  • American Journal of Sustainable Cities and Society Issue 4, Vol. 1 January 2015 Available Online on ISSN 2319 – 7277
    American Journal of Sustainable Cities and Society Issue 4, Vol. 1 January 2015 Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ajscs/ajsas.html ISSN 2319 – 7277 MANAGEMENT OF STRESS AMONG UNTRAINED TEACHER DIPLOMA IN BASIC EDUCATION STUDENTS OF FOSO COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, GHANA. Emmanuel BONDAH1, Robert AMPOMAH2 & Benedict OSEI-OWUSU3* 1. Department of Education Studies Foso College of Education, Assin Foso, Central Region, Ghana. 2. Department of Education Studies Foso College of Education, Assin Foso, Central Region, Ghana. 3*Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Education, College of Agriculture, Ashanti- Mampong, Ghana. *Corresponding Author: Benedict Osei-Owusu, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Agriculture Education, University of Education P.O Box 40, Mampong, Ashanti, University of Education Winneba, Ghana-West Africa. EMAIL: benedictoseiowusu73@ gmail.com Tel: +233- 541689479 ABSTRACT The study was conducted to investigate the sources and management of stress among UTDBE Students of Foso College of Education. The research design used for the study was descriptive survey. A total sample of 180 students comprising 90 males and 90 females were selected for the study. The instrument used for gathering data from the respondents was a questionnaire. The 180 students were randomly selected using the lottery approach. Among the major sources of stress identified were financial difficulties, increased workload, inadequate rest periods and combining teaching with course work. The ways stress effect manifested among the students are headaches-migraine, feeling physically weak and becoming tired at short interval. A chi-square test of independence was used to determine the differences in the sources of stress among the males and females .The major coping strategies that most students resorted to were practicing religion, learning how to control emotions and staying out of trouble.
    [Show full text]