VOLTA RIVER AUTHORATY Public Disclosure Authorized
/ / / 2 / ~~E51 v. 6 December 2000
PROPO I TRANSMISSI LINE / - RESTr- -OBUASI Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized ENVI ME eL IMPACT STATEMENT
t -e Public Disclosure Authorized
Ln: C Tema, Ghana In association with Mouchel Consulting Limited, UK
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AC - ALTlERNATING CURRENT AGC - ASI-IANTI GOLDFIELDS COMPANY BGL - 130GOSO GOLD LIMITED CGL - DUNKWA CONTINENTAL GOLDFIELDS LIMITED CITES - CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FLORA AND FAUNA EC - ENERGY COMMISSION EGG - ELECTRICITY COMIPANY OF GF-IANA EIA - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT EIS - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTr STATEMENT EMI - ELECTRO MAGNETIC FIELD (or ELECTRIC AND MAGNEITIC FIELD) EMII - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT* PLAN EPIA - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY FAO - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANISATION GNIPC - Gl-lANA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION GR{IDCO - NAT'IONAL GRID COMPANY LT'D I-IZ - I-Icrtz (Cyclcs pcr sccond) ICAO - INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATION ISO - INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANISATION IUCN - INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR TH-lE CONSERVATION 01 NATURE LVB3 - LAND VALUATION BOARD NED - NORTI-IERN ELECrRICITY DEPARTMENT OPGW - COMPOSITE OPTIC FIBRE WIRE l'OTL - I'PRESTEA - OBUASI T'IANSMISSION LINE IRoW - IUGllT-OF-WAY -ITAl'CO - T'AKORADI POWER COMIPANY L1TD. USDA - UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE VALCO - VOLT'A ALUMINIUM COMPANY LT'D. VRA - VOLT'A RIVER AU'ITIHORITYI'
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Page
Executivc Summary I
I Introduction 12
1.1 Scope of Study 12
1.2 Background - Volta River Authority (VRA) 13
1.3 Proposed Prestea - Obuasi Transmission Line (POTL) 14
1.4 Legal, Administrative and Policy Consideration 15
2. Dcscription of the Proposed Project 19
2.0 Pre - Construction Activities 19
2.2 Constr-uction Activities 20
2.3 Operationlal Activitics 22
3 Description of the Existing Environment 27
3.1 Bio-Physical environment 27
3.1. I Climate 27
3.1.2 Flora 31
3.1.3 Foiest Rcsources 32
3.1 .3a Conscrvation and Utilisation Status 33
3.1.4 Fauna 34
3.1.5 Watcr Resources 38
3.1.5 a Conservation 39
3.1.6 Geology and Soils 39 3.1 .6a The Soils - Classification and General Evaluation 41
3.1.7 Mineral Resources 46
3.2 Socio - Economic / Cultural Environment 47
3.2.1 Methodology 48
3.2.2 Profile of the Districts in the Project Area 49
3.2.2a Wassa West District 49
3.2.2b Wassa Amenfi District 51
3.2.2c Upper Denkyira District 54
3.2.2d Amansic East District 56
3.2.2e Adansi West District 59
3.3 The Existing Transmission Lines (Prestea-Obuasi) 61
3.3.1 Power Supply to Settlement along thle Route 63
4 Significant Environmental Impacts And Proposcd Mitigation 64
4.1 Potenitial Prc-Constructional Impacts and Mitigation 66
4.2 Potential Construction Impacts and Mitigation 68
4.3 Operation and Maintenance Impacts and Mitigation 76
4.4 Socio-Economnic /Cultural Impacts and Mitigation 81
4.5 Special Issues of Concern 86
4.5.1 Impact on Sacred Grove at Bogosu 86
4.5.2 'I'hc Opon - Mansi Denyau Forest Reserve 87
4.5.3 Electromagnletic Field (EMF) effects 88
4.5.4 Payment of Compensation 95 5 Monitoring 101
5.1 Constructional Phase 101
5.2 Waste Management 102
5.3 Operation and Maintenance Phase 103
5.4 Socio-cconomic /cultural issues 103
6 Consideration Of Altcrnatives 104
6.1 No-development Scenario 104
6.2 Up-grading Existing Facilities 105
6.3 Alternatives Modes of Transmission 106
6.4 Alternative Tower Design and Material 107
6.5 Alternative Routes 108
7 P'rovisional Environmental Management Plan and Training 109
7.1 Enlvironimental Management Structure 109
7.1.1 Quality of Project Environmental Personnel 110
7.1.2 Functionis of Project Environmental Team 110
7.1.3 Project Environmental coordinator III
7.1.4 I'roject Environmenital Assistants 112
7.2 General Health and Safety Procedures 112
7.2.1 Safety Guidelines for Forestry Work 113
7.2.2 Safety Guidelincs for Transmission Line Work 113
7.3 Pollution Prevention 114 7.3.1 Planning and Preparation 114
7.3.2 Site Offices (Base Camp) 114
7.3.3 Storage, Handling and Disposal of Materials/Oils/Chemicals 115
7.3.4 Concrete Works 116
7.3.5 Silty Water Discharge 116
7.4 Waste Disposal 117
7.5 Management of work Camp 117
7.6 Training Programme 119
7.7 Allocation of Resources for Environmental Management 119
8 Consultations - Interagency and Public Involvement 123
8.1 Public Consultaions 123
8.2 Concernis Raiscd 124
8.3 Further Consultations 127
8.4 Consultationis with Agencies 127
9 Conclusion 131
iv List of Figures
Number Title
1-1 Map of VRA National Transmission Network
1-2 Map of Ghana Showing General Project Area
1-3 Map Showing Proposed and Original Lines
3-1 Vcgctation and Rivers
3-2 Soils and Road Network
3-3 Communities, Roads and Rail Network
4 - I Sketch Showing Levels of Vegetation Clearing
4 -2 Transmission Line through Opon - Mansi Forest Reserve
4 -3 Transmission Line through Denyau Forest Reserve
1.4 Reduction in EMF with distance for different EMF Emitters
6-1 Map of Existing OPGW Network
6-2 Map of Future OPGW Network
7-1 Organisational Chart, Department of Real and Estate Environmiiienit
7-2 Organisational Chart, Proposed Project Environmental Tcam
v
List of Tables
Number Title
3-la Average Monthly Rainfall at Axim
3-l b Average Monthly Rainfall at Bogosu
3-IC Average Monthly Rainfall at Kumasi
3-1 d Average Monthly Temperature at Axim
3-Ie Average Monthly Temperature at Bogosu
3-1 f Average Monthly Temperature at Kumasi
3-ig Average Monthly Relative Humidity at Axim
3-lhi Average Monthly Relative H-lumidity at Bogosu
'3-1 i Avcrage Montlhly Relative Hlumidity at Kumasi
3-2a Ecological Signiificance and Conservationi Status Ratings
3-2b Summary of Conservation Status of Species in the Project Area
3-2c Summary of Ecological Guilds/ Signiificanec of Species in Projcct Arca.
3.3 List of Fauna in Project Area and their Conservationi Status
3r.4 List of Districts and Communities in Project Area
3.5 Details of Existing Transmission Line Segments (Prestea - Obuasi)
4.1 Impact Identification Matrix
4.2 Indicative values of Magnetic Fields
4.3 Maximum Electric and Magnetic Fields below Power Lincs
vi
List of Annexes
Number Title
Annex I Terms of Reference / Relevant Regulations
Annex 2 Extracts, VRA Specifications
Annex 3 Baseline Data
Annex 4 Chemicals Data / EMF Research
Annex 5 Extracts of Project Fcasibility
Annex 6 Consultations
Annicx 7 Plates
vii
Executive Summary
I'RESTIA-OIUIASI IRANSMISSIONI.INE - I:INAI. I:IS
Executive Summary
The Volta River Authority (VRA), proposes to construct a new 161 KV Power Transmission Line from Prestea in the Western Region to Obuasi in the Ashanti Region in order to enhance the power carrying capacity of the transmission network in the western segment of Ghana.
Under the provisions of the Ghana Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652), erection of Power Transmission Lines falls under the catcgory of Environmenlally Critical Projects for whichi EIA is mandatory; the proposed project has thcrefore been duly registered with the EPA. Scoping for the EIA has already been carried out and the Terms of Reference for thc EIA study have been agreed with the EPA.
T-his chapter is a non-tecirnical summary of the main components of the Environmenital Impact Statjllemet, with emphasis on the main significant impacts and proposed mitigation rccommendationis.
* llackground - Volta Rivcr Authority (VRA)
Thc VRA was established in 1961 and is engaged in the business of generation, transmiissioni and distribution of electricity in Glhana. The Authority also supplies power to neighbouring utilities in La Cote d'lvoirc, Bcniin and Togo.
T[Lie VRA owns and opcrates a countrywide transmission systcm for the distributioni of bulk electric power in Ghana. The system was first commissioned in 1965 along withl thle Akosombo I lydroclctric Gcncrationl Plant. The Authority also supplies all the bulk consumrcs of electrical power in Ghania and domestic consumers in the northerni sector of the counlry.
* Proposed Prestea-Obuasi Transmission Line (POTL).
VRA proposes to expand the Westcrn segment of the existing transmission nletwork by constructing an additional line from Prestea to Obuasi.
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This additional line is required in order to provide stability in the whole transmission network which is currently experiencing severe stresses on some major segments, even under normal operational conditions. System studies have revealed that the most vulnerable segiments are along the western sector involving Prestea, Bogoso, New Obuasi and Obuasi. The systems studies further revealed that the loss of the Prestea-Bogoso segment will lead to total collapse of the whole national system.
This sector is significant not only for the economic importance of the increasing mining activities in the area but also because the current additions to the country's power generation capacity arc both in the Western Region. These are the expansion of the Takoradi Generating station at Aboadze to 600 MW and the new GNPC 140 MW Plant to be stationed at Effasu. In addition, during the current retrofit of the Akosombo Hydroelectric plant, the additional power supply requirements are either provided from Aboadze or imported from La Cote d'lvoire and.passes along the western segment.
* Legal and Policy Considerations
The various legal and policy issues affecting the implementation of the project have been reviewed. The siginificanit legislation concerned are:
* Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652), * Energy Commission Act, 1997 (Act 541), * Volta River Development Act, 1961 (Act 46), * Lands Statutory Wayleaves Act, 1963 (Act 186), * Ghania Land Policy, 1999 * Volta River Authority (Transmission Line Protection) Regulations, 1967 (LI 542), * World Bank's Operational Directive 4.01, "Environmental Assessment", Ihe implicalions of these regulationls on the acquisition of the right-of-way (RoW) are discussed and forms the basis of subsequent evaluation of aspects of the impacts on the socio- economlilc/cultural environment regarding loss of land use.
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With regard to policy issues, the ongoing Power Sector Reforms have been considered. In lhe main, the thrust of the reforms is to encourage private sector participation in the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power in Ghana.
As part of this process, VRA is to be transformed into a proposed Volta River Authority (VRA) Holding Company comprising of various strategic business units, among them is the National Grid Company Ltd. (GRIDCO), which has been registered to take over the transillission and load dispatch assets of the Authority and to ultimately operate as the indepenidenlt Electric Transmission Utility. It is envisaged that the new transmission line will form part of the GRIDCO assets.
* Dcscription of Proposed Dcvclopmcnts
A description of the proposed development activities is given in sufficient detail as is consistent with environmental assessment, highlighting those aspects that poiit to potential environmenltal signiificanicc.
Generally, the proposed route will run in parallel with the existing line at a distance of approximately 30 m (100 ft) to the West. There are proposed diversions in way of Bogoso and Dunkwa to avoid the urban settlements.
T'he components of the proposed project that are discussed include the delivery to site, erection, tcsting and commissioninig of a 110 km 161 kV transmission line, with a 110 km optic fibrc conductor (OPGW) ih place of one shield wire, between Prestea and Obuasi. Minor civil works rclatcd to modificationis at thc Obuasi substation and at Prcstea substation to accommodate liie tcri iniations arc also included.
Thlc dcscription covcrs thc various prc-conistructioin, constructioni, opcralion and maiiltcianicc activities. The pre-construction activities include route survey, tower spottingl and acquisition ol tihc necessary RoW.
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Ihlie constructioln activitics involvc various levels of vegetatiol clearing to stanidaids prcscribed by VRA. The othcr activities are excavation of tower foundations, erection of towers and str-inginig of lines. The substation expansion works are also included.
On1cC the line is in plaec and transmitting power, the main operational activities arc mostly tliose related to the maintenance of the lines, towers, accessories and the RoW and these are also discussed in detail.
Thc Existing Environmcnt
The proposed Prestea - Obuasi Transmission Line project (POTL) is a "linear" project withiin a relatively narrow corridor (up to 100 ft or 30 m), traversing a wide area of influence with diverse characteristics. The proposed line is estimated to extend over a total distance of about 1 10 kim, and lies roughly between longitude 2° 00" and 2° 30" and latitude 50 40" and 6° 15".
The existing environmenit within the project area is discussed under 2 main headings covering thlc bio-phiysical cinivioieilt and the socio-economilic/cultural environment.
The section onl the bio-physical environilmenit gives an accouit of the climate and tihe natural resources occurring in the project area. It records the general baseline conditions and assesses tihe si-ltzihcance and value of the natural resources of the area. The major natural resouices are the Flora. FauLia, Folrest resources, Water resources, Soils and Mineral resourecs.
Climate: The climate in the project area is generally characterized by a bi-modal higih rainfall, sCparatcd by two dry spells. Tliese climatic conditions are broughit about by two air masses - the I larmattan and soutil-west Monsoon.
D)ata lor rainlfall, temperature and relative hiumidity from weather stations at Kumasi (northi end), Bo3goso (mid-portioni) and Axim (southi end) are depicted to represenlt tile general project area colidtiolils.
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Flora and Forest resources: The proposed line passes through Wet Evergreen, Moist Evergreen and Moist Semi-deciduous south-east subtype forests. With the exception of a short stretch that runs through the Denyau shelter belt and Opon-Mansi forest reserves, thc liie passes through fanr lands, farm re-growth, secondary forest, freshwater swamp and gallery forests. A sacred grove or shrine (about 0.5 hectare in size) is located just at the southern outskirts of Bogoso.
From Prestea to Bogoso, the vegetation encountered is largely secondary forest, secondary thicket, farm re-growth, farm land and marshes/freshwater swamp. The farml re-growths havc abandoned cassava, shrubs. Cash crop plantations in the area includc cocoa, rubbcr, oil pailm and coconut pailm. The major food crops farmed are maizc, cassava and plantain. The freshwater swamps are dominated by raphia palm while the gallery/river banks are domiiiated by bamboo.
From Bogoso to Obuasi, the vegetationl is largely secondary forest, secondary thickets, marsh/freshiwater swamlip, farms and farm re-growths. Parts of the Opon-Mansi and Denyau forest rcserves are located within the RoW. The secondary forest is matured with some trees 30 m and above in height, with closed canopy.
A detailed list of the flora in the area, (including thosc in the forest reserves) and their current conservation status is presentcd in Annex 3-1 to 3-3.
Fauna: The faunal species in the area arc typical forest species including insects (butterflics, bces), amphibianis (frogs), reptiles (lizards, snakes), birds (cattic egrct, sparrow) and mammals (squirrel, monkleys).
A detailcd faunal list with indications of current conservation significanicc is preseiited in Anincx 3J-4.
Watcr resources: The water resources include available rainwater, surface and ground water rcsources. The major river system in the area is the Ankobra, with a catchliient of 8,550 sq. kiii. Its major tributaries in the projcct area include Opon, Mansi and Bogo.
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Thc other major river is Pra River with a catchmnent of somc 23,310 sq. km. Major tributaries of the Pra river in the area include the River Offin and River Gyimi.
Tlec project lies within the strata that can yield ground water betwecn 2,000-3,000 gallons per hour. However the quantities are such that they can only be sufficient for small to medium size communities.
Gcology and Soils: A detailed discussion of the geology and soils in the area is given. The line traverses through an area under the Birriman, Tarkwaian and Granitic geological rock formiationi. The altitude of the area ranges between 150 m to 300 m witlh the proposed sites for the pylons located mostly around the summits of the uplands.
Ihlic major soil groups occurriig within the area as classified under thc Ghaniaiani systemis, arc Oxysols, Forest Ochrosols and the Forest Ochrosols-Oxysols intergrades. Soils occurring around the summits of uplands within tlhe Dunkwa area belong to thie Forest Ochrosols-Oxysols iltcrgrades. Thcsc soils are susccptibic to leaching. However, rich, riverine soils from River Olfin arc typical of thc lowlands. An cxtensive form of alluvial soils were idcntificd withill the Opponi valley arca.
Nlincral rcsources: Mineral orcs are found in the Tarkwaian and Birrimian series. Thle Tarkwaian series beig the maini sources of gold in Gliana occurs as both primary and seconidary orcs. Thlc gold also occurs in conglomerates and blanket series.
\Vitllin the project area apart from small-scale gold wiiners (galamsey operators), gold is mincd undcrgrounld and on thle surface with major operators at IPrestca, Bogoso, Dunkwa, Anyanfuri alnd Obuasi. Iron ore occurs in the project arca at Opon-Mansi.
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Socio-cconomnic/cultural cnvironmncnt: The section on the socio-economic/cultural environment describes the conditions within the settlements found along the proposed route. Thirty-six (36) communities have been identified as falling within the area of influenice to be affected by the project. These communities are located in five Districts and three Regions.
The socio-economic profiles of all the five districts, derived from District Developmelit Plans (1995-2000) provided by the respective District Assemblies, are presented under the followving hlcadings:
* Demographic characteristics - Population, Ethnicity and Religion * Social development - Education, Health and Water resources * Economic Development - Agriculture, Manufacturing and Processing, Mininig etc
Generally, it was found that agriculture and mining are the main sources of income in all the districts. Many of the people have moved into the urban areas in search of jobs in mining and miniglg related activitics. Soimie people have also moved into the districts fromii otlihe parts of Ghania in searchl ofjob opportunities fiom tile mllilncs.
Aglricultur-e contilues to thrive in the area due to the rains and most of the rural dwellers subsist on farminlg. Some of the important national cash crops such as cocoa and oil pailm are cultivated cxicilsively in the area. Popular local foodstuff likc plantain, cassava and maize are also vciy coIllInmoIn.
Durling the study, 303 persons whiose lands, farms or structures fall within the general route and RoW, were identified as beiiig directly affected by the project. They were interviewed using two scis ol questioninaire and their responses were collated. The detailed lists of the affected persons, questioniliaire and analysis of the findings whicih form part of the baseline, are presented in Anncx 3-5 to 3-7.
Comimlunity properties identified were 3 shrines at Asikuma, Damang and Peelinelso and a cemiietery at Ayensukromii.
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Significant Impacts and Proposed Mitigation
The potential environmental effects that would occur from the implementatioll of the POTL project are discussed in 3 parts. Part I describes the pre-construction and constructioni activities and the potential impacts arising from them, mainly on the bio-physical environment, and recommends mitigation measures that should be adopted to minimise or eliminate the impacts where possible. The impacts from operation and maintenance activities are also covered.
Thl ideltiFicd impacts fromil constructioni include loss of land use, loss of crops, felliig ol trees. pollutioni of surface and ground water sources and soil erosion. Mitigation for loss of land use and crops will be by payment of adequate and fair compensationi and will be done in line with World Bank policy which requires that all land holders, including explicitly those holding under vabious forms of traditional or customary tenure, are to be compensated for loss of the land.
Felling of trees cannot be avoided but will be kept to the barest minimum. Pollution of water resources will be checked with recommended controls. Erosion of exposed soil surfaces may be dlillicul to control in the initial stages but re-growth of graded areas with adequate cover will be undlertakeil once construction is completed in any area. Faunal dispersion will be limiled as not maniy were found withini the area.
Operationi and mainiteinanice impacts are mainly related to safety hazards associated witil transferring power along overilead lines. People who carry out the mainteniance and othiers who lind thiemilseives close to the lines may be exposed to danger when faults occur. Public/ occupational healtil and safety will be mitigated by enforcing RoW restrictions. Compliance with all recommniliided safety procedures during maintenanice will also be enfoiced. leinig a linearl project, the POTL is expected to havc diverse socio-economilic/cultural impacts as it traverscs many settiemenits. Part 2 discusscs the expected impacts on the socio- econ10i111/CLItural environilimeint and appropriate mitigationl wheie feasibie.
Thle population sizes, ethniic and genider distribution within the communities are not expected to be altered by thc project as the total number of workers required will be only about 200 of whicih
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120-140 are expccted to be employed locally from within thc comimiunitics. Somc workers will come from other parts of Ghana.
The main impacts the social environment are expected to be loss of land use and its consequential loss of income which is unavoidable as the RoW (and subsequent restrictions) is required for safety of both the lines and the people. Mitigation by payment of adequate and fair compensation will be ensured. The impacts on the shrines and the cemetery will be avoided by alternative tower spotting/diversions in those specific areas as they are only few in number.
Finally, special issues of concern related to implementation of the project, such as the Bogoso sacred grove, the forest reserves, EMF effects and concerns about the payment of compensation whicih require more clarification are discussed in Part 3 under "Special Issues of Concerin".
EMF and its effcct on human health are discussed in detail. Available rcsearch cvidcnce is inconclusive as to EMF causing diseases such as cancer. In this regard, the issue of public cducation Oni EMF will be handled cautiously.
Thc-VRA's mode of payment of compensation (similar to other government agencies) raises major concerns among the people. It is accepted that a more participatory approach, involving the District Assemblies, will be used and payments made promptly to minimise the effects oni the rLi-al folks who are mostly poor.
. Monitoring
A monlitorinig programimiic is presentcd to enabic verification of the levels of the predicted impacts and also to adjust mitigation measures where found necessary. The criteria to be monioltored are presented in a comprehensive list covering the following:
* ConstrucLtioll phasc - transportation, civil works, vcgetation clcaring etc. * Wastc managemilent - bush burning, handling of chemical wastes etc. * Operation and mainiteniance phase - use of herbicides, accident records etc
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* Socio-economic and cultural issues - assessment and payment of compensation, loss of land etc.
* Consideration of Altcrnatives
Detailed discussion on the various project alternatives are presented under the following headings:
* "No-devclopment Scenario" * Upgrading existing facilities - doubling the circuits * Alternative modes of transmission - using underground cables * Alterative tower designls and alternative materials - using wood or concrete * Alternative routes
These options are all evaluated in the discussions. The benefits to be derived from the use of optic fibrc wire in place of one of the shield wires to facilitate the communication services are also discussed.
* Environmental Management
A provisional plan for managing the environmental issues arising from the project imlpleimienitationl is provided. The first part proposes a management structurc based on ISO 14000 guidelines and the second part outlines general procedures to safeguard healtlh, safety and the cElvironnment.
Considerable emplhasis is placed on the proccdures already adopted by VRA from experience gainied in over 35 years of operations and enshrined in the VRA Corporate Safety Rules (1993). Additional guidelines on issues such as pollution, storage of materials and safe hanidlinig of concretc are also provided.
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* Consultations
Consultations held with the public and various organizations and relevant government agencies are presented and discussed. Some of the concerns raised through these consultations such as those emanating from compensation payment have been addressed in the EIS.
Other issues relating to diversions of the line to avoid concessions and cultural/religious properties are still being discussed in on-going consultations
* Conclusion
On the whole, it is determined that the proposed Prestea - Obuasi Transmission Line is vital for the stability and integrity of the entire national transmission network.
Thc expected impacts of the project on the environment are manageable. In particular there will not be any need for resettlement. Minor alterations in tower spotting will be carried out to avoid thlc few cultural/religious structures whicih may fall within the RoW. The constructional impacts will mostly be of limited duration and careful monitoring will be used to control sensitive issues like pollution of water sources.
It is therefore required that the project be duly approved to enable early commenicemiient and to forestall further problems on the national transmission network.
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Chapter 1 Introduction
I'llI;S'l:A-O'§IJASI 'I'RANSMISSI()N I.INI.- I:INAI l:IS
1.) INTRODUCTION
The Volta River Authority (VRA), proposes to construct a new 161 KV Power Transmission Linie from Prestea in the Western Region to Obuasi in the Ashanti Region in order to enhanice the power carrying capacity of the transmission network in the Western Corridor of Ghana.
In compliance with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Act, 1994 (Act 490), and in furtherance to its Corporate Policy on Environment, which seeks to ensure the welfare of people adversely affected by its operations as well as assist in the sustainable development wilthii the environment in which it operates, VRA intends to carry out an Environmllenltal Impact Assessment (EIA) for the proposed project.
Furtlhermore, under the provisions of the Ghana Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652), erection of Power Transmission Lines falls under the category of Environmilcnitally Critical Projects for which EIA is mandatory; the proposed project has therefore been duly registered witlh the EPA.
1.1 Scope of Study
Ref ast Ltd. (Marine, Environimental and Quality Consultants) in association with Mouchel Consultinig Ltd of the UK, have been engaged by VRA to undertake the EIA assignmenlt.
From the Scopilg carried out, the proposed Terms of Reference (see AnnexIl) for the EIA was submiiitted to the EPA and this was duly accepted witlh additions, and forms the basis of this Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).
Thc EIS is prescnted in the format prescribed by the Ghana EIA Procedures and generally lollows the pattern prescribed by the World Bank. The remaining sections of this Chapter present a brief background to the project and establishes the need for the project. This is followed by discussions on the various Legal, Administrative and Policy issues that affect the illplementation ol the project.
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Chapter 2 is a description of the various components of the project activities that are expected to be carried out with sufficient details on those aspects that have potential environmenital impact.
The baseline environmental conditions are described in Chapter 3 and this covers both the bio- phiysical and socio-economic/cultural components. In Chapter 4, the significant environmental impacts arising from the various project activities are discussed and appropriate mitigation measures prescribed, where possible. Chapter 5 prescribes a monitoring plan to be used to verify the predicted impacts and ensure compliance with recommended mitigation procedures.
A discussion of the consideration of the various project alternatives is presented in Chapter 6. The provisional Environmental Management Plan with a component on Training is covered in Chapter 7.
Finally, the Conclusion in Chapter 9 is preceded by a discussion on various public consultations in Chapter 8.
1.2 Background - Volta River Authority (VRA)
Tlie Volta River Authority (VRA) was established in 1961, as a public owned utility by the Volta Rivcr Development Act, 1961 (Act 46). It is engaged in the business of generation, transmission and distributionl of clectricity in Ghania. Thie Autlhority also supplies power to neighbourinig utilities in La Cote d'lvoirc, Benin and Togo.
Currncitly, VRA operates with a total installed generation capacity of over 1,300 MW made up of thc l-olloxvilng ulnits:
* Akosombo Generating Station - Hydro - 912 MW
* Kpong Generating Station - Hydro - 160 MW
* Tema Generating Station - Diesel - 30 MW
* Takoradi Power Station - Themnal - 330 MW
The Takoradi Power Station is being further upgraded to 600 MW.
Rclai - MoucihcI/VRA/i'OTrUE1S 13 PRESTEA-OBUASI 'lTRANSMISSION LINIE- I:INAI. EIS
The VRA owns and operates a countrywide transmission system for the distribution of bulk electric power in Ghana. This transmission network is made up of 35 substations with about 4,000 circuit km of transmission lines (see Fig. 1-1). The transmission grid is also interconniected to Togo and Benin (since 1972) and to La Cote d'lvoire (in 1983).
The Authority supplies all the bulk-electric power to the majot consumers of electrical power in Glhana. These include the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG), the Volta Aluminum Company (VALCO), mining companies and some heavy industries in Tema.
Since 1987, VRA, through its Northern Electricity Department (NED), has also been responsible for the distribution of electricity to domestic and industrial consumers over the Northern sector of Ghana covering Brong Ahafo, Northern, Upper West and Upper East Region.
1.3 Proposed Prcstca-Obuasi Transmission Linc (POTL).
VRA proposes to expand the Western segment of the existing transmission network by constructinig an additional line fronn Prestea to Obuasi (see Fig. 1-2 and 1-3). The proposed linc will enhlance thc transfer of increased power generated from the Takoradi Thermal Power Plant to thle mining and industrial sectors in Western and Ashanti Regions and beyond.
Additionally, this new line is required so as to improve the reliability of the entire VRA tranismiiission network, whichl currently faces major operational constraints. Tlhe existinLg tranismissioni network has in recent times been severely stressed, with some sections being ovcrloaded evcn during normal operations.
W'itlin the existing network, the two line segments which tend to experiencc the most critical ovcrloads during normal operations are:
I. Prestea-Bogoso-Dunikwa-New Obuasi 2. New Obuasi-Obuasi
RcI.isl -MouicN/VRA/POTUIJDIS 14 PRESTEA-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS
System planning studies indicate that a significant load growth potential exists in the Western part of the country mainly due to the mining load and the economic significance of the mines. The transmission network supplying these areas must therefore have a high level of reliability.
Thie Western segment is also key to facilitating power transfers between Ghana and the neighbouring countries of La Cote d'lvoire, Togo and Benin and a high level of reliability at this section must be ensured.
Furthermore, with the ongoing retrofit of the Akosombo hydro plant, power transfers on the Prestea-Obuasi line have increased substantially as shortfalls are being met by the Takoradi Thermal Power Plant and imports from Cote d'lvoire.
1.4 Legal, Administrative and Policy Considerations
The relevant policies, and the regulatory conditions that must be considered for the successful im1plcmenetation of tlle project, including the requirements by co-financicrs (World Bank etc) were assembled and reviewed as part of the Scoping process and consultations with the relevant agencies have been held. Those considered include: * Environmiiiental Protection Agency, Act 1994 (Act 490), * Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652), * Energy Commission Act, 1997 (Act 541), * Volta River Development Act, 1961 (Act 46), * Lands (Statutory Waylcaves) Act, 1963 (Act 186), * Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Regulations, 1964 (L.I. 334), * Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) (Amendment) Regulations, 1964 (L.I. 346), * The Land Policy, 1999. * Volta River Authority (Transmissioni Line Protection) Regulations, 1967 (Li 542), * World Bank's Operational Directive 4.01, "Environmental Assessment", * World Bank's Operational Directive 4.30, "Involuntary Resettlement",
Rclast -MouchcIIVRMAIO0TJEIS 15 VIRFSTI.A-OIIUASI l RANSMISSION LlNI: - I INAI. FIS
Thc followinig paragraphs higlhliglht key elements of these regulations and policies.
As stated earlier, the provisions of the Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652) mandate that EIA should be carried out for Power Transmission line projects. The approved EIA will form the basis for the issuing of an Environmental Permit for the project to commence. Thc Regulations also require the preparation and submission of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) witlhin 18 months of commencement of operations.
The Energy Commission (EC), set up under the Energy Commission Act, 1997 (Act 541), has responsibility for the regulation, management, development and utilization of energy resources in Ghana. The Act mandates the EC to promulgate rules, standards and procedures and grant liccnses for the transmission, wholesale supply, distribution and sale of electricity and other services in the energy sector.
The VRA is provisionally licensed by the Commission as a service providcr. Consultationis with the EC revealed that the provisions of the Commission's PUBLIC NOTICES EC. N. 001 and 003, rcquirc VRA to register tlle proposed project with the Commission and obtaini a permit prior to commenccement of the project. The regulations further stipulate that the application for registration should include:
* Rclevanit drawings for the project * Appropriate Environmental Assessment Report approved by the EPA * Documentation covering title or lease of land occupied by the project
Oiicc the routc for the transmission line has been identified, it is the responsibility of VRA to acquire the right-of-way (RoW) in the project area for the smooth implementationi and operation of the POTL. Section 12 of The Volta River Development Act, 1961 (Act 46), empowers VRA to acquire land for constructling and operating transmission systems.
Thc acquisition of the RoW will be carried out under the provisions of the Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Act, 1963 (Act 186), which provides for the acquisition of wayleaves and easements.
RIta% -MoucheIN/ViA/1 ()10Y IiIS 16 I'RESTEA-OBIJASI TRANSMISSION INI[ - I:lNAI. HIS
T his will be done witlh due consultations with the District Assemblies and commiiunities wltlihin the project's sphere of influence. Both section 12 of Act 46 and Section 6 of Act 186 provide for compensation payments and VRA will be responsible for addressing all matters relating to compensation. In practice, VRA compensates for structures that have to be demolished and crops that will be destroyed at the time of construction.
A major consideration in selecting the proposed route, has been the need to avoid resettlemcnt and minimize destruction of property and farms. Therefore, as much as possible, the new route will run very close (within 100ft or 30 m) to the existing line. Two major diversions are proposed in way of the urban settlements of Bogoso and Dunkwa to avoid populated areas (see Fig. 1-3). No structures are expected to be demolished for the construction of the POTL and the owners of farms and crops likely to be affected by the project have been duly identified. Details of mode of compensation payment are addressed under "Special Issues" in Chapter 4 (Impacts and Mitigation).
The Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Regulations, 1964 (L.I. 334), spells out the regulations covering .the acquisition of wayleaves under Act 186. The procedure for applying for compensationi is duly outlined in L.I. 334, witlh a sample form provided for the use of potenitial applicants. Compensation may be claimed for damages caused by survey works as well as damages arising from actual site works. In addition, L.I. 346, which is an amendment of L.I. 334, outlilles thc procedure for appealing against compensation awards.
Thc Ghana Land Plolicy, 1999 provides guidelines and policy actions for the various forms of land use - agricultural, forestry, extractive, human settlement, infrastructure etc. These are aimed at-cinliancillg conservation of environmental quality, preserving optioins for the present and future ocincrations and securing human sustenance.
Amonig the key objectives of the Land policy which are of relevance to the POTL project are:
* Protection of the rights of landowners
Rcla'm -MouchcI/VRA/I'O0TIJI IS 17 PRESTLA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL US
* Ensurinig payment, within reasonable time, of fair and adequate compelnsatioll for land acquired * Promoting community participation and public awareness at all levels in sustainable land management.
The Volta River Development Act 1961, (Act 46) section 33, empowers VRA to enact regulations to facilitate its activities. In furtherance to this, The Volta River Authority (Transmission Line Protection) Regulations, 1967 (Li 542) was enacted to provide security for VRA transmissioni lines and ensure public safety.
The LI 542 defines "trantsmissiont line rig/it-of-way " to include the area extending for a distance of fifty feet (approx. 16 m) on each side from the centre line of the transmission towers. This regulation prohibits/restricts a number of activities in the RoW including mining, construction of buildings, cultivation and farming.
With regard to Policy issues, consultations have been held with the Encrgy Commission and the Ministry of Mines and Energy on issues relating to Government Policies and the ongoing Power Sector Reforms. In the main, the thrust of the reforms is to encourage private sector participation in the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power in Ghana.
As part of this process, VRA is to be transfonned into a proposed Volta River Authority (VRA) llolding Company comprising of various units. VRA has registered the Takoradi Power Company Ltd. (TAPCO), to handle the thermal power generation assets at the Aboadze complcx.
Similarly, the National Grid Company Ltd. (GRIDCO) has been registered to take over the tr-anismiiission and load dispatch assets of the Authority and to ultimately operate as the independent Electric Transmission Utility. It is envisaged that the new transmission line will form part of the GRIDCO assets.
RCI'I -Mouich/VRA/POL/lEIS 18
Chapter 2 Description of Proposed Project
BURKINA FASO
LAWRk/ UPPERb N UPPE , WESTgST-
WA~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~ v KM WM> WA (G D ACHE" IOUL .EW E N DR (681-- ~~~NORiEEWRN ra ON. F SAhZ _o 0 ~~~~~T K H W u l 79X ~~~~~IAMALE ;/L I>IN >l F \4D A* >§ R <1 ERaU 0 xv -- / stsf <- \ ~~ASFUWll REGt10 KP;m V_ . >t urX\v*^ \- > sro B ~~~KONw __ ASAiS OBUASI ." ST TAFO ONEB\ ~~~~~~~~~~~AKW fATIA- \EGION /'P 30 aRSTEA i C,ENMkA REGIO 1 n_ sC^ L~~~~~EEOSnNGWHDR <_/viuM vAW _EBa~~~~~~~~~~DSIING161 KINUE %A ' ' ~~~~~~~~~EASM34.5KV UNE -uY ,,§, , ~~~~~~~~EXSIING69 KV UNE | ~ 1~~~ 1 ~~~~~' E)CdNG ~VRATR~IS90N~ S__ _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NETWORKINGANA BURKINA FASO ( 1 ~~~~UPPER EAST UPPER WEST -X NORTHERN REGION. GAAFOREN AS R E \ -- ,-| N EAASHNNMRREGN __ IPRJEC AI a t C~~~WENRAl REGION/ D ,)NKWA PROPO£FD UN- e= _ _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IMECTAE Flg 1-2 AND OPOSP0ED UJNE ; OBUASI SUBSTATION NEW OBUASI SUBSTAION DUNKWA SUBSTATION BOGOSO SUBSTATION 11~ ~PRESTEA-OBUASI // ~~NEW & OLD EXISTINGLINEROUTEMAP PROPOSED161KV PRESTEASUBSWO10. LINEROUTE Fig 13 LINEEXISTINGROUTE161KV PRFSTI:A-O03UASI TRANSMISSION lINiF - FINAL 11'; 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT The aspects of the proposed project that will be discussed here include the delivery to site, erection, testing and commissioning of: * a 110 km 161 kV transmission line, with a 110 km optic fibre conductor (OPGW) in place of one shield wire, between Prestea and Obuasi. and minor civil works related to: * modifications at the Obuasi substation and at Prestea substation to accommodate line. terminations. Generally, the proposed route will run in parallel witl) the existing line at a distance of approximately 32 m (100 ft) to the West as shown in Fig. 1-3. In line with current practice, the project will involve the erection of steel transmissioni towers along the route, whicih is estimated to be about 110 km in length. VRA has specified that the transimiissioni line designs that were approved under the Northern Electrification and System RIcinfolrccnicnt P'roject be adopted as the standard for the new transmission linies. The heigiht of tihc towers will be such as to provide a minimum of 7.5 - 8 m clearance between the lines and the giound. Typically, as with the existing system, the towers will be about 30 - 35 m (100 ft) highi. 2.1 1're-Construction Activities T'hc main pre-construction activities cover the following: * Linc IRoutc Survey - VRA has engaged Surveyors to carry out a convenitionlal survey of route and profile of the proposed route. Wherever possible, the Surveyors have used existing maintenanice routes (for the existing line) to reach the proposed routes, however in certain areas, they have had to clear some vegetation (including some crops) by slashilig, in order to gain access to the route and for installiig the pegs. The project contractor will be required to carry out additional survey to verify the route. Rclast -MouchcI/VRA/1lO0TJEIS 19 PRl.STEA-O01lJASI lTRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL I-IS Tower Spotting - VRA will determine the specific sites for locating the individual towers based on various criteria including information gathered during this Environmental Impact Assessment. From observations of the existing line, it is obvious that in most cases, the towers will be located at or near thc summits of the uplands to maximise the clearance between the lines and the ground. 2.2 Construction Activities Fhc project will bc executed by a contractor to be engaged by VRA. The key features of the construction activities are outlined below. Those aspects of the activities that give rise to environmental concerns will be discussed in further detail in chapter 4. * Construction Access Track - at various selected points along the proposed route, construction access tracks of approximately 3.5 m width (linking from public roads) will be cleared to enable plant and machinery to be transported to the spots chosen for erecting the towers. These tracks will be clcared completely of all trees, stumps, scrub and vegetationi. * Transporting of machincry and cquipment to site - heavy-duty trucks will be used to transport construction machinery and tower members/accessories, tilrouglh the public roads and along the access tracks, to the erecting points. * Clearing the Right-of-Way (RoW) - the contract specifies that all tall trees and scrub witlliln a distance of 15 m on either side of the centreline of the transmiissioln line (i.e. approx 30 m wide area) shall be cut down to a heighit of not more thanl 1.25 m above grounld. In addition any tall trees outside the RoW, but of such heiglht as could fall witlhin 2 Imlof the conductors, shall also be felled. * Clearing of the tower track - for the purpose of erccting the towcrs and for subsequcnt operation and maintenance, a tower corridor track of approximately 2.5 - 3 m width, will be cleared under the towers, as far as is practicable. Itchisl -MouchcI/VNRA/PI'IJEIS 20 PRFISTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINL - FINAL F'IS The specifications require the removal of all tree stumps and roots from this track leaving a graded path to permit the transit of "Land Rover", "Unimog" or other similar 4-wheelcd drive light vehicles for patrol and maintenance purposes. * Clearing and Excavating for tower foundations - at selected spots for mounting the towers, the tower corridor track will be widened further to accommodate the tower pads or foundations. The area to be cleared will cover an area equal to the dimensions of the tower base (about 5 m square) plus an additional 2 m Qn each side. Stumps in the tower site area shall not project more than 10 cm above ground. The tower foundations will consist of concrete footings of the "pad and chimney" type (see Plate 2 Annex 4). Excavation for the foundations will depend on the soil type at the selected spot but will usually be between 2 - 3 m deep. The specifications provide design parameters for three classes of soil namely, Type A (poor soil - swampy areas), Type B (good soil) and Type C (unfractured rock). The ground surface at each tower site shall be graded to provide drainage away from the tower legs. Where necessary (particularly on sidehills), terracing, cribbing or riprap may be used to provide protection for tower foundations. * Erection of towcrs - With an average span of about 300 - 400 m between towers, this project will involve the erection of over 300 towers along the route. Towers may be erected either by assembly on the ground and lifting or by erecting in stages. The spccificalionis allow the contractor to detcrmine the appropriate metlhod to use subject to approval and supervision by VRA. * Erection of conductors, shield wires and other accessories - the conductors (wound on drums) and accessories (insulators, fittings etc) shall be transported to site by suitable trucks or trailers. The stringing method to be used by the contractor will be subject to prior approval by VRA. In all cases where stringing will cross power liles, telephone lines, public roads etc, due notification to appropriate authorities will be given. A major componient of the project will be the use of optic fibre cable (OPGW) in place of one of the conventional shield wires. Rcfwai -MouchcIIVRA/I'OTUEIS 21 PRESTEIA-OBUASI T RANSMISSION LINE - FINAL. IS Thc installation of this circuit (which will be further extended from Obuasi to Kumasi) will enable VRA to complete the loop of the existing fibre optic communication systemii currently operated by VOLTACOM. This will be further elaborated on in Chapter 6 (Consideration of Alternatives) * Modification works at Prcstca and Obuasi substations - a summary of the civil works required at both substations is given below: Prestca substation works * Rehabilitation of approximately 100 m access road leading to existing 161/55 kV Transformers TI & T2. * Demolition of existing security building. * Construction of substation boundary including fencing and perimeter drains. * Extension of 225 kV control building into a conference room. Obuasi substation works * Extension of existing substation building * Constr-uction of foundations for 161 kV outdoor equipment * Construction of cable trenches, pits, tunnels and duct banks 2.3 Opcrational Activities Wheni all aspects of the construction are completed and the line is put into service by VRA, the key aspects of the operational phase (of environmental interest) will involve thc followilig: * Sccurity, public/occupational hcalth and safcty issucs - Once thc line is comimiissiolncd and transmitting power, issues of safety and security become paramount. The maill operational activitics are therefore aimed at maintaining the system intcgrity at all times with provision for rapid response to fault conditions along the line. Rcla%1 -Motcich/VtRA/'O'I IJIFIS 22 PRESTIEA-O01uASI lTRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL FIS The VRA Transmission Department with its head office at Tema (Volta substatioln) is responsible for all aspects of operation and maintenance of the transmission network. Within this department, the Line Maintenance section has direct responsibility for Iine maintenance (including towers, conductors and associated RoW). The line maintenance activities arc divided into three broad categories and these are discussed below. * Running Maintcnancc - this consists of the normal checks and remedial actions taken to ensure reliable and safe operations of the line. Activities undertaken under the VRA Transmission Line Running Maintenance are the following: * Helicopter Patrol Helicopter patrols provide a visual means of examining a line section and the associated right-of-way to detcct any defect or potentially hazardous situation, which may jeopardize the security and reliability of the line and the safety of the general public. All VRA transmissionl line sections are patrolled aerially once a year. * Ground (Foot) Patrol Ground patrols provide a means of carefully examining a line section and the associated riglht-of-way to detect any defect or potentially hazardous situation whichi may jeopardize the security and reliability of the line and the safety of the general public. Ground patrols complcment the helicopter patrol in evaluating the status of the lines. Special attention is given to line components and parts of components which are not easily observed from a helicopter. Ground patrols are carried out on all line sections twice a year. Rclasl -Mouchcl/VtRA/'OIJEIS 23 PRESTEA-OliUASI lTRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS * Security Patrol Security patrol is conducted on some line sections located in the outskirts of urban areas and towns, which are prone to acts of vandalism. This patrol is conducted at least every fortnight throughout the year on the selected line sections. It is to ensure that any vandalism is detected promptly and necessary remedial actions taken quickly to repair the structures. * Tower Auditing (Climbing Maintenance of Towers) Tower Auditing of towers provides a means of assessing the aging process of towers. This activity starts one year after the commissioning of a line section and it follows a one-year cycle. In a cycle of tower auditing, 10% of all suspension towers and all dead- end towers are thoroughly examined. As the line ages, it is subjected to wear and fatiguc which are not noticeable by a distant visual inspection. Detection and tightening of loose bolts on supports and hardwarc can reduce premature wear and indicate for replacenenet of worn components before failure. The check-list for this exercise includes the following: / critical inspection of tower and line for signs of physical damage and deterioration / checking tightness of bolts on structures / evaluation of thc degree of wear on hardware / checkinig of the alignment of vibration dampers / vibration studies / radio and television surveys / testing of insulators / chccking the conditioni of joints and bolted connections using iifra-red equipment R.LIsi - MoLIchcI/VRAII'OTuEIS 24 PRESTl.A-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL i-lS V mcasurcment of the thickness of galvanizationi on towers V checking of tower ground resistance V inspection of the right-of-way and condition of access roads * Correction of Defects Subsequent to the patrols and tower auditing activities outlined abovc, a work schedule is drawn to correct all the minor defects observed. This work schedule normally covers the whole year with prioritization of activities and includes the following: / replacement of flashed over insulators V replacement of pieces of damaged conductor and shield wire / replacement of defective dampers and other hardware V replacement of vandalized components / improvement of tower footing ground resistance / insulator washing at substations and on selected towers / spot/extensive clearing of tall vegetation growth on thc right-of-way V maintenance of access roads and tracks Apart from the extensive clearing of vegetation growth on the lines' right-of-way and the maintcnance of access roads and tracks, which are undertaken by private contractors and supervised by VRA staff, all the activities indicated above are carried out by VRA personnel. * Major Maintenance - these are activities taken to rectify defects found repetitively and normally arise from Running Maintenance. Examples of these activities include line re- insulation and hardware replacement. Therc are refurbishment/rehabilitation programmes carried out on aging lines especially those routed througlh aggressive environments (e.g. mining, industrial and coastal). Ri.fitsL - MoulchcI/VRA/1OI II IS 25 PRESTEA-01IUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL IIS Major activities to combat acts of vandalism on older lines are also iicluded in these programmes. Activities undertaken under the VRA Transmission Line Major Maintenance programme include the following: / Re-insulation of Transmission Line Sections. V Treatment of rust and re-painting of tower components, V Replacement of corroded towers and transmission line hardware. V Replacement of conventional bolts and nuts with anti-theft fasteners on older line sections. / Rehabilitation of access roads and tracks. Emergency Maintenance - these are activities relating to the clearing of sustained line faults. Emergency maintenanlce takes about 5% of the annual activities of the Maintenance Section. Emergenicy maintenance could be minor (e.g. hardwarc or insulator failure) or major (e.g. one or more tower failures). The following are the usual Emergenicy Maintenance activities undertaken: V Helicopter and/or ground patrols to locate sustained line faults. / Clearing of sustained line faults e.g. replacement of failed insulators, clamps or repositioning/repair of Conductors. V Construction of temporary by-pass line to replace collapsed sections of lines. V Re-construction of collapsed portion of lines. Apart fromii activities involving the re-construction of collapsed portion of lines, whichi arc undertakeni by the VRA and also by private contractors supervised by VRA Staff, all the activities indicated above are carried out by VRA personnel. Rclast -Mouchcl/VRA/l'OTIE15 26 Chapter 3 Description of Existing Environment PRI.sTri-A-OIlUASI TRANSMISSION LININ- 1IINAI. LIS 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT In order to evaluate the potential impacts of the proposed project, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the nature and characteristics of the existing environmcnt (i.e. both bio-physical and socio-economic/cultural). The proposed Prestea-Obuasi Transmission Line Project (POTL), spanning a total distance of about 110 kim, lies roughly between longitude 20 00"E and 20 30"E and latitude 50 40"N and 6° 15 "N. As stated earlier, the POTL is a "linear" project within a relatively narrow corridor, traversing a wide area of influence with diverse characteristics. From the Scoping, the components of the envirornent which were deterrnined to be of significance have been studied in further details and are discussed in the following sections. There is also a discussion on the existing transmission lines. 3.1 Bio-Physical cnvironmcnt Thlis scction gives an account of the climate and the natural resources occurring in the project arca. It describes the gcneral baseline conditions and assesscs the significance and value of the natural resources of the area in relation to their conservation status. The major natural resources of significance are the Flora, Forest Resources, Fauna, Water Resources, Geology and Soils and Mineral Resources. 3.1.1 Climate Thc proposed 161 kV transmission line traverses the Ankobra, Ofin and Birrimn river basins. The climatc in the project area is generally characterized by a bi-modal high rainfall, separated by two dry spclls. These climatic conditions are brought about by two air masses that dominate thic cntile West African sub-region. They are the northerly trade wind (Harmattan), a desiccating, dstLSy ladcn wind, which blows from the north-east (the Sahara Dcscrt), and thc southl-westcrn trade wind (south-west Monsoon), a moisture laden wind blowing from thie Atlantic Ocean. Kclast - MouchONVA/0I'O IHLJIS 27 PRESTEA-OBUASI lRANSMISSION UN±, - rLN z.V Rainfall: Data gathered from the Meteorological Services Department for Axim, Bogosu and Kumasi covering the periods 1980 -1999 have been averaged and presented in the following Tables 3. 1(a-c). Table 3.1(a) Average Monthly RiWnfaU at Aucm (nmm) -Month Jan Feb Mar |Ar May Jim Jul Sept Oct Nov Dec Avg. | 32.6 35.5 102.4 169.7 339.9 493.6 142.2 71.6 95.0 213.0 [134.0 57.8 Table 3.1(b) Average Monthly RainfaD at Bogomu (mm) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Ju Aug Set Oct Nov Dec Avg. 15.5 83.6 161.4. 222.9 222.9 214.4 272.1 107.6 199.8 80.5 80.5 38.8 Table 3.1(c) Average Mothbly Rainfall at Kumasi (mim) Month Jan Feb I Mapr MaY Jun Jul Au Sept Oct Nov Dec Avgg 17.5 48.1 111.5 145.7 152.7 206.3 133.3 84.4 153.7 130.6 40.2 28.9 500S- ? i.-- Axim 400 - Bogosu Kumasi 300- 200 -i 100 0 I ...... Jan Mar May July Sept Nov Average Monthly Rainfal - Axim, Bogosu, KumasiL Refag - MoudhicfVRA/POTLES 28 PRESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS Temperature: Within the project area, temperatures are high throughout the year as shown in Tables 3.1 (d-f) below. Generally, the highest mean monthly temperatures of 27 - 28°C occur from March to May during the major wet season and the lowest of 24 - 25°C from June - August, the coolest months within the forest regions of Ghana. Table 3.1(d) Aveage Monthly Temperature at Axim (IC) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul |Au Se Oct Nov Dec Avg. _26.8 | 27.7 27.9 | 27.8 26.9 24.8 25.5 24.9 25.4 26.2 26.7 26.8 Table 3.1(e) Average Montbly Temperature at Bogmu( C) Month Jan I Feb Mar I Apr I y TJun I Jul I Aug I Sept I Oct Nov Dec Avg. 26.6 26.8 28.9 26.6 1 25.8 25.8 25.3 25.0 25.4 26.1 26.6 26.3 Table 3.1(f) Average Monthly Temperature at Kumasi ( C) - I.A-g - - - - ep- Oc- -T Month Jan Feb | Mar Apr Mav Jun Jul p Oct Nov Dec Avg. 26.8 286 28.2 27.B 27.2 26.0 25.0 24.7 25.4 26.1 | 26.9 26.3 Average Monthly Temperature 29 27- oc 26 26 - 24 2 4 -. ______-______ 23 - Axim 22 o-oosu Jan Mar May Jul Sept Nov Kumasi Average Monthly Temperature - Axim, Bogosu, Kumasi. Refas - MouheI/VRA(POTLAMS 29 PRESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS Data on mean daily percent relative humidity are shown in Table 3.1 (g-i). From the dense forest areas with values of 80 - 85%, it gets drier nearer to Obuasi (61 - 84% for Kumasi). Table 3.1(g) Average Monthly Relative Humidity at Aiim (%) tMonth Jan FebL M arA May JLun Jul Aug I Sept I Oct | Nov |D Avg. |.80 |.81 |.80 | 80 83 4 |84 |5 85 |4 82 |0 Table 3.1(h) Averge Monthly Relative Humidity at Dogosu (%) [Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov | Dec Avg 73 71 74 '76 _80 83 84 83 82 81 78 178 Table 3.1(i) Average Monthly Relative Humidity at Kumasi (-) Month Jan Feb Mar M j 3AJun Jul A Sp Oct Nov Dec Avg. 61... 64 72 77 79 82 84 84 83 80 76 68 90 80 1 ^ - * 2 ^ -- e-----_ _ 70 t 60 %50 40 30 20 - + Axim 10 Bogosu 0 , . . , . , . -.- Kumasi Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Average Monthly Relative Humidity - Aiim, Bogosu, Kumasi Refas -MoudicIVRAPOTLEIS 30 PRESliA-O01IJASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL ["IS Wind: Maximum wind gusts recorded along the line route fall within 95 - 120 km/h range. However mean daily winds speeds are very low in all months of the year and do not exceed 10 - 12 km/h. The wind speeds are factored into the safe design of the transmission towers. 3.1.2 Flora A detailed survey of the vegetation was conducted along sections of the existing and the proposed right-of-way of the transmission line from Prestea to Obuasi. The current vegetation is an admixture of mature secondary forest and early stages of its succession (i.e. secondary forest dominated by pioneers, secondary thicket and farm re-growth) and crop farms. The vegetation description is presented in two parts for convenience. The sector from Prestea to Bogoso mostly lies in the Wet Evergreen Forest zone while that from Bogoso to Obuasi lies witlhin the Moist Evergreen Forest Zone to the south and the Moist Semi-deciduous south-east subtype to the north (see Fig. 3-1). l*rcstca to Bogoso (Wct Evcrgreen) The vegetation encountered is largely secondary forest, secondary thicket, farm re-growtlh, farm land and marshes/freshwater swamp. The secondary forests are dominated by Elaies guineenise, Alsionia boonei, Anthocleista djalonensis, Anthocleista nobilis, Trema orienialis, Musanga cecropioides, Morinda lucida and Albizia zygia and Funiurnia africana/elastica.Some of the species in the secondary thicket are Chromnolaena odorata, Psidiumn guajava, Elaeis guineense and Alchornea cordifolia. The farm re-growths have abandoned cassava, shrubs suclh as Solanumn lorvi'n and Alcholrnea coridifolia. Cash crop plantations in the arca include cocoa, rubber and oil and coconut palms. The major food crops farmed are maize, cassava and plantain ..Thc ficshwater swamps are dominated by Raphia hookeri (Raphia palm) while the gallery/river banks are dominated by Bambusa vulgaris (bamboo). RcI,ast - MouchIcl/VRA/I'O l-UEIS 31 PRESTI-A-01lUASI I RANSN1ISSION LINE - FINAL LIS Bogoso to Obuasi (Moist Evcrgrecn and Moist Scmi-deciduous) The vegetation is largely secondary forest, secondary thickets, marsh/freshwater swamp, farms and farm re-growths. The Opon-Mansi and Denyau forest reserves are located in the study area. Thc secondary forest is matured with some trees 30 m or above in height witlh closed canopy. Some of the trees encountered are Dislermonanihus benihamianus, Triplochilon scleroxylon, Terminalia ivorensis, Alsionia boonei, Albizia ferruginea, Cola giganlea, Pycnanihus angolensis, Psydrax subcordala and Ceiba peniandra. The secondary thicket vegetation in this section includes Ficus exasperala, Musanga cecropioides, Alchornea cordifolia, Bahpia nitida, Anihocleista sp. and Harungana madagascariensis.The major food and cash crops are cassava, plantain, cocoa and oil and coconut palms. Raphia hookeri, Plerocarpussantalinoides, Bambusa vulgaris and Hallaea slipulosa (Mitragynia slipulosa) dominate the fresh water swamps and gallery forest. Acroceras zizanioides and Pnuemaloplerisafra dominate the marshes. 3.1.3 Forest Resources TIhe forest resourccs identified include mature and immature secondary forests and parts of the Opon-Mansi and Denyau Sheterbelt belt forest reserves. They span three major forest vegetation types namely thc Wet Evergreen, Moist-Evergreen and Moist semi-deciduous (south-east sub typc). The Opon-Mansi forest reserve occupies 116.6 sq. km (11,660 ha) and was first reserved in 1930 whilst the Dcnyau Shelterbelt forest reserve has an area of 12.4 sq. km (1,240 ha) and was first designated in 1939. The length of the proposed line through the Denyau reserve will be about 2.25-kkm whilc the section through the Opon-Mansi reserve will be about 0.8 km. (i.e. out of the total proposed 110Ikm power line, about 3.05 km of the line will pass through the reserves) The major produce of the area include some 320 timber species, 80 of which grow to sizes and qUantitics for commlcrcial exploitation. Important species being exploited includc Milicia excelsa (OduIlm), Heritiera utilis (Nyankom), Danielliaogea (Hyedua), Mansonia allissi,na (Mansonia), Khaya ivorensis (mahogany), Termiinalia ivorensis (Emire) and Turr aeanthus africanus RClast - MouchcIVRA/I'(0 I IJLIS 32 PRI.S T EA-013tASI lRANSMISSION LINE - IINA[. IIS (Avodire). Timber products include veneer, plywood and sawn boards. Minor forest produce include firewood and charcoal, herbal medicines and poisons and bush meat. 3.1.3a Conservation and Utilisation Status Following the detailed field surveys, checklists of the plant species in the project area were compiled from the findings of the field visits and from available forest inventory data held by the Forest Service Division of the Ghana Forestry Commission on Forest Reserves. The checklists cover selected areas of the RoW outside forest reserves and sections of the Denyau and Opon Mansi reserves through which the proposed line route passes. The nomenclature used follows I-lutchlinison and Dalziel (1954-1972) and Hall and Swainc (1981). The ecological significance and conservation statuses of the species encountered were defined using the Star Rating System adopted in the Forest of Gliina GeographicInformation Exlhibitor Manual (Hawthorne, 1995) as follows: Tablc 3.2(a): Ecological Signiricance and Conservation Status Ratings STAR RATING ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Black Star species Species rare internationally and at least uncommon in Ghana; urgenit attention to conservation of populations needed Gold Star species Fairly rare internationally and/br locally Blue Star spccies Widespread intemationally but rare in Ghana or vice-versa Scarlet Star species Common, but under serious pressure from heavy exploitation Red Star species Common, but under pressure from exploitation Pink Star species Common and moderately exploited. Also non-abundant species of high potential value None in particular. Green Star specics Thc proportions of species in the various categories were estimated and used in evaluating the ccological significanice of the areas to be traversed by the RoW. Anicxes 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 present the detailed checklists of vegetation for the RoW (proposcd and existing) outside forest reserves, Denyau and Opon Mansi forest reserves respectively. The r esults of the star rating analysis are summarised in Table 3.2(b) below: RclaLst -Mouchcl/VRA/I'O1 IJIEIS 33 PRESTEjA-OIIUASI TRANSMISSION LINL - I:INAL. HIS Table 3.2(b): Summary of Conservation Status of Species in the Project area Star rating RoW outside Denyau Forest Opon Mansi Forest reserves (%) Reserve (%) Reserve (%) Black 0 0 0.9 Gold 0 1.9 0.9 Blue 0 6.5 4.3 Scarlet 3.5 0 0.9 Red 1.7 0.9 1.7 Pink 6.9 7.4 9.4 Green 60.3 84.3 82 Others/Noni forest 27.6 0 0 Table 3.2(b) above shows that no species of urgent conservation concern was encountered outside the reserves along the proposed and existing RoW of the transmission line. Furthermore, tlhere is a highi proportion of non-forest species (27.6%) in the proposed and existing RoW, outside the reserves. In contrast, the RoW in the Denyau and Opon Mansi forest reserves traverses areas with no non-forest species and few species of conservation concern (Black. Gold and Blue Star species). In all the cases, most of the species encountered are common and do not rcquire any particular conservation attention. Table 3.2(b) also implies that a larger section of the RoW traverses terrain that hias been degraded by years of farming and mining and tlherefore the proiect would not have any significant adverse impact on species diversity and composition. Table 3.2(c) below shows the ecological status or guilds of the species in the RoW. Table 3.2(c): Summary or Ecological Guilds/Signiricance of Species in project area Area Pioneers species (%) Primary species (%) RoW outside reserves 48.3 15.5 Dcnyau Forest reserve 6.5 75 Opon mansi Forest reserve 16.2 61.5 [lThc high proportion of pioneers and rather low level of primary species (i.e. Shade-bearers and Non-Pioneer Light Demanders) in the RoW outside the forest reserves is indicative of a high level of degradation of the vegetation] 3.1.4 Fauna Four main methods were used in thie faunal survey: direct/opportunistic observation, identification of animal spoors, interviews and desk/literature surveys (Hughes & Barry, 1969; Rclasl -Mouchcl/VRA/I'lUEIS 34 PRlSTFA-OI1MIASI TRANSMISSION I.INL - IINAI. EIS Scrle et al, 1992; Delany and Happold, 1979; Kingdon, 1987; lHughes, 1988; I-alicnorti & Diller, 1988; Larsen, 1994.) Direct/opportunistic observation involved recording any animal sightings while surveying along the main access roads or animal trails to the areas bordering the proposed transmission line route, especially near the two towns of Bogoso and Dunkwa, where the proposed lines divert markedly from the old lines in order to avoid the former passing over the towns. Transect walks to spot animal spoors (any sign left by a living animal, such as feeding sites, regular pathways, tracks, footprints, faecal pellets, nests, etc.) were also undertaken. Some individuals in villages along the proposed line were interviewed for information about the fauna of the area. The interviews focused mainly on the identification of the various animals that commonly occurred in the area, and some indication of their abundance. Based on the information gathered from the various methods, including the desk surveys, thie Faunal species known to occur in the project area are presented in Table 3.3 overleaf. Annex 3-4 presents a detailed list of the Faunal species found in Gliana's forest areas. All the faunal specics listed play very important rolcs in the forcst ccosystem, as manifested in -food chiains. Some of these species are also key ecological indicators, as well as being important in the socio-economic set-up of the local human communities. A number of thc species are of both national and global conservation significance and these are indicatcd in thc tabic accordingly. Some species enjoy varying degrees of protection unider Ghiana's wildlife laws as explained in the accompanying legend at the end of thc Table. Tablc 3.3: List of Fauna occurring in thc project arca and their Conservation significance SP1ECIES COMMON NAME CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE Index of IUCN CITES National Abundance * Invertebrates Achlaiina achalina (Giant snail) .Julus species (Millipede) Zonoceros variegalus (Grasshopper) Rchasl -Moucidc/VRA/1OTUES 35 PRES1 l:A-013iJASI TRANSMISSION H.lNI: - FINAL. IFIS Sl'ECIES COMMON NAME CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE Index of IUCN CITES National Abundance Papilio demnodocus (Citrus swallow tail butterfly) * Amphibians I-ylaranagalamensis (Common Frog) Bufo regularis (Common Toad) * Rectiles _ . Lizards: ______Agama agania (Agama/Rainbow Lizard) Hemidactylus brookei (CommonHouse/WallGecko) MAihuya perolleliu (Orange-flanked Skirnk) Chamaeleo gracilis (Gracile Chameleon) A 11 Varanus (Bosc's Monitor Lizard) A 11 exanthematicus VaI amus niloticus (Nile Monitor Lizard) U Snakes: ___ Python regius (Royal Python) R II 11 Python sebac (African Python) U 1I II Philothan2nus (Green Tree Snake) senfivariegatus . Nqca nielanoleiuca (Black Cobra) Dcndroa.Api.v viridis (Green Mamba) Bitis gabonica (Gaboon Viper) B3nascicorni.% (Rhinoceros Viper) _ a Chelonians Kinixys homeana (Home's Hinged Tortoise) U II 11 Kinixvs erosa (Hinged Tortoise) U 11 * Crocodilia 0selolualmus leirapsis (West African Dwarf R Crocodile) * Btir(ds 1ireron ausiralis (Greeni Dove/Fruit-pigeon) A Ploccus cucullanus (Village Weaver Bird) A Corvus albus (Pied Crow) Biuhulcus ihis (Cattle Egret) Gvpohierax (Palm-nut Vulture) A 11 atigolensis______CeL'alogymna alrala (Black-casqued HornbiI) Passer griseus (Grey-headed Sparrow) * Mammals Rcfast -MoucheiVRAIPOTIJ1S 36 PRESlTl.A-013UASI TIRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL FIS SPECIES COMMON NAME CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE Indcx of IUCN CITES National Abundance A nomalurus peli (Flying Squirrel) I Cricelomys (Giant/Pouched Rat) A 11 gamnbianus_ Thryonomys (Grasscutter/Cane Rat) swinderianus Cercopithecus mona (Mona Monkey) NU 11 II Dendrohyrax (Tree Hyrax) A 11 dorsalis Cephalophus (Maxwell's Duiker) NU if maxwellis Cephalophus (Bay Duiker) NU dorsalis LEGEND: National or-Global Conservation Status: * INDEX OFABUNDANCE A..... Abundant (Usually encountered in small or large numbers in their preferred habitat) NU . Not Uncommon (Not often encountered in tilcir preferred habitat) U..... Uncommon (Infrequently seen) R..... Rare (Only rarely encountered; locally endemic) * IUCN ..... INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE CONSER VA TION OF NA TURE (RED LIST OF THREA TENED ANIMALS, 1986) E.. Endangered (In danger of extinction, and survival unlikely if the causal factors continue operating) V .. Vulncrabic (Believed likely to move to "Endangered"category, if the causal factors continue operating) I... Indetcrminatc (Known to be "Endangered"or "Vulherable " but there is not enough informationi to say which category is appropriate) R... Rarc (Small localised world populations, and thercfore at risk, but are currently not "Endangered" or "Vulnerable") * CITES ..... CONVENTION ON ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF FVILD FLORA AND FAUNA (APPENDICES, 1975) I .. Appendix I (Threatened species which cannot be traded in) Rcf.isl - MouIcdci/VRA/I'IL JLEIS 37 PRI:STlA-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINL - FINAL [:lS 11... Appcndix 2 (Species for which levels of trade are limited) * NATIONAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION REGULATIONS (SCHEDULES, 1995) I ... Schedule 1 (The hunting, capturing or destroying of these species is prohibited at all times) 11.. Schedule 2 (The hunting capturing or destroying of these species is absolutely prohibited between 15' August and IS' December of any season. The hunting, capturing or destroying of any young animal, or adult accompanied by its young, of these species is absolutely prohibited at all times) 3.1.5 Water Resources The water resources include available rainwater, surface and ground water resources. Many communities use both surface and ground water as drinking water sources. The area falls within the vegetation zone receiving the three highest rainfall regimes in the country. * The wet evergreen with over 1750mm and sometimes up to 2000mm. * The moist-evergreen with 1200 -1800mm * The moist semi-deciduous (south-east sub-type) with some 1200 - 1800mm. In addition, water is availablc from riversides and the various tributarics both being intermittent (seasonal) and perennial. The major river systems are the Ankobra with a catchment of 8,550 sq. kin. Its major tributaries in the project area include Opon, Mansi and Bogo. The other major river is Plra River with a catchment of some 23,310 sq. kin. Major tributaries of the Pra river in thc arca include the River Offin and River Gyimi. Rckia't - Mouchld/VRA'(lIAJL:IS 38 PRF-STI'A-Ol3UASI rRANSMISSION l.iNI - I:INAI. CIS Thc major rivcrs and their tributaries iicluding non-perennial streams in the project area are presented below and also shown on Fig. 3-1. * Prestea to Bogoso River Ankobra, R. Mansi, R. Bodwobi, R. Bogo, and R. Watchman * Bogoso to Dunkwa River Suman, R. Bakaabukore, R. Agyagya, R. Opon, R. Wuwu, R. Agyakomado,R. Anikokoo, R. Mpakyua, R. Subin and R. Offin * Dunkwa to Obuasi River Gyimi, R. Roro, R. Anowa, R. Nyankomaso, R.Yam and R. Enewompeanom. Witlh respect to the ground water resources, the project area lies within the strata wlhichi can yield between 2000-3000 gallons per hour. However the quantities are such that they can only be sufficient for small to medium size communities but not for high water consumptive areas (e.g. urb,an centres, industries and irrigated agriculture). 3.1 .5a Consenration The need to protect thicsc water bodies is paramount since there arc often timiies wheln they are prfccrred to bore-holes as sources of drinking water and for domestic washiing and bathing (because the ground water is deemed to be of poor taste and does not lather well). 3.1.6 Gcology and Soils TIlhc linc traverses through an area under the Birriman, Tarkwaian and Granitic geological rock formation. The altitude of the area ranges between 150 m to 300 ni with the proposed sites for tlc pylonis located mostly around the summits of the uplands: Rtcl, -Mouchll/VRA/1'0TIJIS 39 I'RI:SIfEA-OBLJASI 'RANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS A Detailed-Preliminary Soil Survey was employed in the study. A buffer zone was created at both sides of the existing VRA pylons and the lines used by the route surveyors (in the case of the diversions from the old VRA pylons). Major roads and footpaths as well as the specially cut driveways used by the route surveyors were utilized. Soils were examined, described and identified at the Great Soil Group and scries levels (see Fig. 3-2). At the series level (which gave a more detailed scale of examination), the soils were examined from samples taken from chisel holes and auger borings at regular intervals of 100m or wherever there occurred a distinct change in vegetation, parent material, relief or drainage. Vegetation and Land-use recordings were also made in the course of the study. The general geology of the project area, which extends between southern Prestea through Bogoso, Dunkwa to Obuasi with an estimated distance of 110 km, falls under the Lower Birrimian metasediments (Middle Archean age) and the Upper Birrimian units which are dominantly metavolcanic. The predominant geological formations underlying the Bogoso area arc the Lower Birriman, with minor intrusions of Upper Birriman rocks and the Tarkwaian. * Thc Birrimian Formations Thcsc conisist of the Lower Birrimian and the Upper Birrimian with thie former being the more cxtensive within the formations. The entire arca between Prestea and Bogoso extending a few kilometcrs above the centrally located Bogoso - Prestea road to the west are under this geological formation. Thc lower Birrimian formation is the oldest and consists mostly old phyllites, greywaches and schists with injected quartz veins. There are mafic dikes that locally intrude the Lower Birrimiiani. Suchl dikes, vary from one to several metcrs in thickncss. Phyllitc, thc predominiant rock within the Lower Birrimian formation is a pelitic sediment of Prc- Camnbriani age which has been weathered to clay, hardened and foliated by heat and pressure. It is usually soft, with a fine laminiated structure. It can be of various colours rangiig from black, blue, grey, brown, orange to red. Rclast - Mouchcl/VRA/1'OTJIMS 40 PRESTI-A-OI3UASI TRANSMISSION LINI: - FINAL FIS Phyllite easily breaks into flat fragments and it is soapy to feel. It occasionally grades into harder rocks such as slates and sericite schists, and odd patches of greywache and tuffs. Veins and stringers of quartz injected into the phyllite break up during weatherilng to give rise mostly to silty clay soils often containing stones and quartz. The Upper Birriniian formation, which mainly occurs as minor intrusions into the Lower Birrimian formation, is younger and consists mainly of phyllites and schists. * Tarkwaian System The Tarkwaian System comprises of a series of shallow water sediments, quartzites, sandstones, schists, phyllites and conglomerates resting on and derived from the Birrimianl. Like the Birrimian, the Tarkwaian rocks are folded along north-east to south-west axes. They contain thick laccoliths and sills of epidiorite. In some areas, the rocks have been muclh folded and metamorphosised after the emplacement of the intrusions. Such rocks on weathering give rise, maitly, to medium to fine textured soils. 3.1.6a The Soils - classification and gcneral cvaluation The soils within these zones are a mixture of the very acidic (Forest Oxysols) soils of thc higlh raiin forest and the moderately acidic (Forest Ochrosols) soils of the semi-deciduous rain forest zones and their intergrades. The major soil groups occurring within the area as classified under the Ghanaian systems are a mixture of the very acid (Forest Oxysols) soils of the high rain forest and the moderately acidic (Forest Ochrosols) soils of the semi-deciduous rain forest zones and the Forest Ochrosols- Oxysols intergrades. The first two arc typical soils of the Prestea, Bogoso and Dunkwa areas wlilc the lattcr is found around Obuasi. Rclasi -MoudicI/VRA/1'OTIJEIS 41 PRESTEA-013LJASI IRANSMISSION l.INE - FINAI -E,IS Oxysols are classified under the USDA and FAO soil classification systems as Oxysols and Ferric, Plinthic Acrisols respectively. These are also soils developed under evergreen rainforest with rainfall above 1750 mm. Oxysols are strongly leached soils with predominant kaolinitic clays with varying humus content. The Forest Ochrosols are classified as Ultisols and Rhodic Ferrasol under the USDA and FAO systems respectively. The Ochrosols are developed in forest and savannah environment under rainfalls between 900 mm and 1650 mm. They are gravely and draughty, with a little amount of organic matter. This is typical of the summit soils where the pylons are sited withlill the Obuasi area. This soil group is highly susceptible to water erosion. Soils occurring around the summits of uplands within the Dunkwa area belong to the Forest Ochrosols-Oxysols intergrades. These soils are also susceptible to leaching. However, rich, riverine soils from River Offin are typical of the lowlands. These soils are also used extensively for cocoa production. An extensive form of alluvial soils were identified witlliin the Oppon Valley area. I'tIh llil of maplping foI dctailcd and prelimiiinary soil study of the project arca arc thc soil series and soil associations, respectively. A soil series consists of soils which have similar profile characteristics and are derived from the same parent materials under similar conditions of cliimate, vegetation, relief and drainage. A group of related soil scries developed over or in the same parent material and often forming a rCgLular topographic sequence (catena) constitute a soil association. As indicated earlier in the discussion oln the geology of the area, the project area is underlain by threc gcological formations, namely, the Lower Birrimian with minor intrusions of the Upper Birrimliian and the Tarkwaian. These have given rise to different soils which have been grouped into Upland and Lowland Soil Associations as follows: * Soils Dcvcloped ovcr Lower Birrimian Rocks Rclast -MouchNl/VIA/'OIUl'IS 42 PRIFSl l A-OitlASI I RANSMISSSI)N l.lNI - FINAL EIS Lower Birrimian phyllites and associated rocks, principally, greywaches, mudstones and scihists whicih constitute the oldest rocks underlying the project area, are the most extensive. They cover nearly two-thirds of the total span of the project. Soil series developed in toposequence over Lower Birrimian rocks are the Kobeda which occur at the summit/steep slopes, the Bekwai/Nzima occurring between the summit and middle slopes, Kokofu on the lower slopes, Kakum on the levees and Oda on the valley bottoms. * Upland Soil Associations Thcse consist of Kobeda and Bekwai-Nzima associations. The former is made up of immature soils which are mainly located on steep slope sites and the latter consists of gravely sedentary soils on the upper and middle slopes. Most of the locations of both old and new pylons are on this upland soil association. Kobeda Association 'I'liis association is madc up entirely of Kobeda series, an immaturc soil occurring on stcep slopcs. Thc Kobeda series arc genierally classified as unsuitable soils for agricultural purposes due their shallowiness in depth to the bcdrock, lower inherent fertility, highi erosion risk as well as its capacity to retain insufficicnt amount of moisture. The dominant crop on it within the project arca is Oil palm. Bckwai-Nzima Association TIlhis is thc prominient soil association developed over the Lower Birrimian rocks within the miodcrate to moderately highi rainforest zone of Ghana and is made up of the Bekwai and Nzima scrics. The Bekwai series is better drained than the Nzimna. It is generally inherently lower in fertility. Oil palm, citrus and rubber are the main tree crops observed growing on it withinl the pro1cct area. -Mouchcl/VRA/vOr1JEIS 43 I'RSlTI:A-01UASI I'RANSMISSION l.NI: - FINAL [IS Thc Nzima series is however, the most extensive within the association and it occurs on middle slopes below the Bekwai series. It is moderately well drained and contains large quantities of quartz gravel and stones together with ironstones concretions and feruginized rock brash. * Lowland Soil Associations This association consists of colluvial and alluvial silty clays derived from the Lower Birrimian rocks. They occur on lower slopes (Kokofu, Chichiwere and Kakum series) and in valley bottoms (Oda series) below their upland red (Bekwai series) and brown (Nzima series) associates. Kokofu series This is a yellowish brown, non-gravely colluvial soil developed from the transported silty clay materials derived from the Lower Birrimian rocks. It occurs on lower slopes and is therefore imperfectly drained. The colluvial materials from Which it is formed are usually separated by a gravel or stone layer from the underlying weathered, soft, decomposing Lower Birrimian phyllite. With improved drainage, however, it is usually cuitivated to arable crops such as maizc, cassava, cocoyam and plantain. KakuLn Series Kalkuni scries consists of a grayish-brown humilus horizon overlying several centlimeters of yellow-brown, silty, light clay colluvium, which usually contains few small yellow and grey miottles. The colluvial materials from which it is formed are usually separated by a quartz-gravel stonc-linie. The series is the most widespread of lowland soils of the association. The physical propcrties of the Kakum is quite ideal for cultivation. It also gives satisfactory yields of most of the food crops like maize, cocoyam, and plantain which are widely cultivated by the indigenous small scale farmers within the project area. Cliciliwere series Clhichiwerc scries is a light-textured ycilow-brown or sandy loam found occasionally on river levees. It is considered as a sandy associate of Kakum series. ll - MoucIhN/VRA/1'OIJEIS 44 PRESTEA-OBIJASI TRANSMISSION LINE - IINAL. EIS It is usually inextensive, being found in small areas where the river has sorted the material carried in suspension and deposited mostly sand. Oda series Oda series is a gray, poorly drained silty clay alluvial soil occurring in valley bottoms. It is also developed from Birrimian rocks. It has generally low nutrients reserves and it is acidic. This soil series is usually moist and occasionally waterlogged for long periods during the raining season. It is inexterisive and usually occurs only in small, scattered patches on river levees where it usually used for rice and sugarcane cultivation. Boi series Boi series is a normal acidic sedentary soil developed over Lower Birrimian phyllites and grcywaciles. It is the oxysol equivalent of Nzima series, which it outwardly resemble. The main difference between the two is the greater acidity of Boi series, reflecting the leaching of bases it has suffered due to the higher rainfall. Boi series is also often more deeply weathered, with the deep mottled lower subsoil characteristic of many forest oxysols, and has thinner topsoil. * Soils Dcveloped over Upper Birrimian Rocks The soils of the Upper Birrimian formation consist mainly of volcanic lava, scliists and phyllites. They are in limited extent within the project area occurring as minor intrusions within the Lower Birr-imiiani formation. It is encountered over very small portions along the Bogoso-Prestea and Bogoso-Dunkwa roads. A typical catena of soils ovcr Upper Birrimian rocks occurring on flattish summits are Atukrom, Piki. Omiappe and Sutri sciics. Between the upper and middle slopes are the reddish scdentary soils of Elibo and Yakasi series. Soils occurring on the lower slopes and valley bottoms are the Disue and Kwabcn. Ilowever only the Atukrom series was encountered during the study. Atukromn scries l(cliis - Mouchel/VRA/1'OTIJlIS 45 I'lRISTLA-013OLASI 1RANSMISSION LINI - HINAI F:IS Atukrom series is a reddish brown sedentary forest ochrosol dcvclopcd ovcr Upper Birrimial rocks (mostly greenstones, schists and tuffs). It is found on upper-slope and summit sites and has sedentary morphology i.e. humus topsoil, a gravely subsoil, reddish brown in colour, and a weathered substratum consisting of loam derived from the weathered parent rock. 3.1.7 Mineral Resources These include various ores as well as soil types and their capabilities. The major soil types as described above, are forest ochrosols and oxysols. Mineral ores are found in the Tarkwaian and Birimian series. The Tarkwaian series being the main sources of gold in Ghana and occurs as both primary and secondary ores. The gold also occurs in conglomerates and banket series. Within the project area, apart from small-scale gold winners ("galamsey" operators), gold is mined underground, on the surface as well as from rivers. Major operators are based at Prestea, Bogoso, Dunkwa, Anyanfuri and Obuasi. Furthermore, iron ore occurs in the project area at Opon-Mansi. The Opon-Mansi lateritic iron ore deposit occur on top of a range of hills that extend for 24 km from Opon Valley in the south to Dunikwa in theil northi. The ore contains silica (3.6%) phosphiorus (0.9%) aluminia (15%) and iroin ore (4 1%). It is however yet to be exploited. Other mineral deposits in thc area are bauxite, clay, kaolin and manganiese. Rcfast -MouctIl/VRA/POTUEIS 46 PRESTEA-01BJASI T RANSMISSION lIINE - IFINAL. IS 3.2 Socio-Economic/Cultural environment Thirty-six communities were identified during the Scoping as those expected to be affected by the project. These communities are located in five districts. The districts and their corresponding communities are listed in Table 3.4 below. Table 3.4: List of Districts and Communities in the Project area DISTRICT AFFECTED COMMUNITIES Wassa West Prestea Bogoso Ayensukrom Nsu Siding Adadekrom Kwatewiah krom (KTK) Asante Aye Pemensu Abekakroni Damang Hiagono Camp Opon Valley Wassa Amanfi Gyimahkrom Amponsakromn Bridgeso/Pokukrom Upper Denkyira Dunkwa Kwameprakrom Agyempaboa Atekyem Asikuma Abesewa Esaase Adamso Adansi Wcst Aboagyekrom Akaeso Bome Bisea Suhyenso Nyamebekyere Anwona Obuasi Adinkra Apitiso Aiiianisic East Apitikooko Tweapease .______Fenaso Nkwanta RCIa1SI-Mouchc1/VRAIAOr1JEIS 47 PRESTIEA-01UASI TRANSMISSION LINI: - FINAL. LIS TIhe main objective of the socio-cultural, economic, and demographic study is to have a more thorough investigation and documentation of potential iinpacts of the POTL project on social relations, cultural institutions and artifacts, demographic characteristics and the economic well- being of affected communities. This is to enable the EIS to recommend appropriate mitigating measures to minimise the possible negative impacts of the proposed project on the affected communities. The EIA study covered the following areas of affected persons and communities. * Ethnic, Cultural and Religious backgrounds * Historical Resources * Land Tenure and Land Ownership * Land Use * Employment/Manufacturing * Agriculture * Public Health 3.2.1 Methodology Background socio-economic data on the districts was obtained from the District Development Plans (1995-2000) prepared by each District Assembly. The main data for the study was gathered through personal consultations with the affected communities. Earlier, during the Scoping, the affected communities were identified with the help of survey maps of the proposed power transmission line. The affected communities are those whose lands and/or properties fall within the right-of-way of the proposed transmission line. At that stage, the people interviewed were mainly the Chiefs and other community leaders. A prc-survey visit followed the Scoping exercise. The visit was made to the identified communities in order to make arrangements with opinion leaders to organize all persons affected by the POTL project in their respective communities for the main socio-economic survey. During the actual field survey, the team moved from community to community in accordance with the schedule agreed upon with opinion leaders during the pre-survey visit. PRESTEA-OBUASI 1-RANSN11SSION LINI: - FINAL EIS Apart from Prestea, Bogoso and Asikuma who initially refused to coopcrate with the researchers, affected persons in all other communities were ready and waiting to be interviewed when researchers got there. Structured questionnaires (see Annex 3-5 and 3-6) were administered on a one-on-one basis to the respondents by the interviewers. The responses are also presented in Annex 3-7. In each of the communities visited some opinion leaders including Chiefs and their Elders, District Chief Executives, District Assemblymen, Unit and Town development committee members were also contacted. 3.2.2 Proriles of the Districts in the Project area. The POTL project affects communities in five districts. The districts with the most affected pcrsons according to the survey results are the Adansi West, Amansie East and Wassa West districts. Fig. 3-3 is a map showing the communities in the project area. In this section, background information is provided on the socio-economic profiles of all the five districts. 3.2.2(a) Wassa West District The Wassa West district covers the settlements at the southern end (starting point) of the POTL project including Prestea and Bogoso, two of the major locations of significance to the project. The district is within the South Western Equatorial zone of Ghana. It is bounded on the east by Mpohor Wassa, west by Nzema East, south by Ahanta West and north by Wassa Amenfi. It has a total land area of 2,354 sq km, about 46% of which is devoted to Agriculture. Dcmograpliic Characteristics T'he population of the district was estimated to be 235,309 in 1996, with an annual growth rate of 3%. It is projected to reach 261,954 by the end of the year 2000. The gender structure shows that tlhere are more males than females (100:92). Relast - Mouchicl/VRA/IOTtIEIS 49 PRIESTILA-o01lJASI lRANSMISSION LINE - FINAI ["IS lhis might be due to the presence of the mining industry, which is gncerally male-centred. Further analysis of the population structure indicates that there are more people (56.6%) in the productive age group of 20-59 years. Only 24.8% of the population is below 14 years, this has given the district a dependency ratio of 100:91. Using the projected estimates, the population density (per sq. km) was 99.9 in 1996 and will be 11.2 in 2000. The population in the district is mainly urban based. Majority of the people reside in the five principal towns of Tarkwa, Prestea, Bogoso, Nsuta and Nsuem. This is due to the presence of employment opportunities in the mining industry in these areas. Ethnicity and Religion: The large-scale mining companies and numerous small-scale mining activities in the district have encouraged migration into the district. Thus, the district's population is poly-ethnic. The indigenous Akans however dominate. Like ethnicity, religious composition is also diverse. There are Christians, Moslems, traditionalists and non-believers. The dominant religion is Christianity. * Social Dcvelopnicnt Education: The district has 129 pre-schools, 152 primary sclhools, 78 junior secondary schools, 6 senior secondary schools. In spite of this, enrolment is low at 65%, which is lower than the nationlal level and it is eveni lower for females. Apart from the fact that there are not many teaclhers, only 63% of the teachers arc trained. The situationi is worse at the pre-school level whvere about 75% of teachers are untrained. The lack of electricity and other social amenities in most parts of the districts, are identified as the reason why trained teachers are not attracted to the district. I-lcalti: There are 4 hospitals, 6 health centers and 15 clinics. The District has only 8 doctors, 120 enrolled nurses, 32 midwives and 3 technical officers. Doctor-patient ratio is 1:29,038 while thc bed-patient ratio is 1:1055. These figures are high compared to the national figures. The distribution of the health facilities, most of which are found in the urban centers, mcans that people have to travel long distances before gaining access to a health facility. Rclast - Mouchcl/VRA/'0TUE15 50 I'RESTEA-OBUASI 1TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS Maternal mortality rate stands at 3.6 with a malnourishment level (children below 60% weight) of 5.4%. Common diseases are malaria, upper respiratory tract infection, diarrhoea and HIV/AIDS. Water: As many as 35.9% of the population depend on streams. Only Tarkwa, Bogoso, Dompim, Nsuta, Aboso, Prestea, Bonsa and Agona have access to potable water. Frequent pollution of some of these streams by mining activities, puts a substantial proportion 6f the population at risk. * Economic Developmcnt The district's economy is sustained by the mining, service, commerce and agricultural industries. Agriculture is the major economic activity employing 42.6% of the labour force. About 10% of the economically active population (15-65 years) are unemployed. Most of the employed are in the mining, service and industrial sectors in the urban centers. Thus for the rural areas, agriculture remains the major source of employment. The majority of farmers lack access to credit facilities and this, coupled with dependence on traditional farming methods, contribute to low productivity. The major crops produced are cocoa, oil palm, coconut. yam, plantain, cocoyam and cassava. Livestock farming is also practiced with poultry, cattlc, pigs and sheep being the main animals reared. Road and rail provide the only means of transport. Most of the roads are eithcr second or third class. Compared to the rural areas, the urban centrcs are better in terms of mobility. Most of thc rural dwellers walk since there are fewer vehicles plying on their poor roads. 3.2.2(b) Wassa Amcnfi District Tilc Wassa Amenfi district covers the next group of settlements along the proposed line route, about midway between Bogoso and Dunkwa. The district has a total land area of approximately 4.747 square kilometers, about 17.8% of the total land area of Western Region. Rcfdast - MotichlI/VRIAJOTlUE IS 5 1 PRESTIEA-OtUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAI. EIS It shares common boundaries with Jomoro and Nzema East Districts to the south, Wassa West to thc south-east, Upper Denkyira to the north-east, Bibiani-Anhwiaso-Bekwai District to the north and Sefwi-Wiaso and Aowin-Suaman Districts to the west. * Dcmographic Charactcristics The population of the district by 2000 is projected to be about 233,700 based on annual growth rate of 3.1%. The high growth rate is attributed to the cocoa boom in the 1970s, which attracted migrants into the district. The population is mostly rural based; out of the 683 settlements, only 3 could be described as urban. The average household size is 6.1 persons. The gender structure indicates that 54% are males while 46% are females. TIhe economically active population constitutes 64.4%, children in the range 0-14 years constitute 31.1% and adults of 65 years and above form 4.5% of the population. This gives a dependency ratio of 1:0.6. However, the economic dependency ratio is 1: 1.6. Ethnicity and Religion: Christians form 77.5% of the population, while Moslems and traditionalists constitute 16.8 % and 5.7 % respectively, The district is poly-ethnic with the Indigenous Akans dominating. * Social Devclopmcnt Most of the people derive their income from crop farming. Nearly 40% of the population fall bclow the poverty line. Educationi: There are 155 pre-school establishments, 227 primary schools, 92 junior secondary schools, 3 senior secondary schools and 3 commercial schools. Enrolment levels for primary and junior secondary are low at 69.8% and 54.9% respectively. Literacy rate is also low at 50.6 %, thoughl higlher thaii the national level of 45%. Rc Isi - Mouchicl/VRA/I'OTUEIS 52 I'RESTEA-0131JASI 'I'RANSMISSION LINE - IFINAI [IS Health: There are 2 hospitals in the district, I located at the district capital Asankragwa and the other at Samreboi. There are also 8 health stations, and 14 clinics. As at 1995, the following were in the top 10 causes of mortality (ranked in descending order). Malaria, anaemia, asthma, malnutrition, gynaecological disorder, pregnancy related complications, diarrhoea, pneumonia, enteric fever and measles. Sanitation in the district is generally poor and this contributes to the high incidence of malaria and other communicable diseases. Water: Only 2.1% of the population have access to pipe borne water. As much as 60% of the pcople depend on streams. The population is thus susceptible to water bornc diseases like guinea worm, onchocerciasis and schistosomiasis. * Economic Dcvelopmcnt Farming is the mainstay of the economy. It is the major source of income for almost all liouseholds. Both cash and food crops are cultivated. Livestock farming is also practiced with animals like cattle, sheep, poultry, pigs and goats being reared. In 1996, 72.3% of the district's population was engaged in agriculture. Out of these 67% were males and 33%, females. About 13.6% are unemployed and of this number, 43.3% are males and 56.7%, females. Mlanufacturing and Processing is the next most important economic activity after agriculture and cmploys 5.4% of the economically active population. The main manufacturing activities are timber processing and small scale processing industries such as palm oil extraction, soap making, saw milling and cassava processing. Miniing Quarrying and Construction arc also major economic activitics. Mineral deposits found in the district include gold and clay. Most mining activities are on a small scale. RcIast -Mouichcl/VRA/I'OlIJTIUS 53 13Rl.STrlEA-OULJASI T RANSMISSION LINI: - FINAI, HS 3.2.2(c) Uppcr Dcnkyira District This District covers most of the communities situated about midway along the proposed route of the POTL project. As stated in Chapter 2, the proposed line will be diverted to avoid the scttlements in and around Dunkwa, which is the district capital. * Demographic Characteristics The Upper Denkyira district falls within the Central Region of Ghana. The population of the district is estimated to be 98,561 with a growth rate of 3.1%. The population density is about 57 per sq. km. The district capital, Dunkwa, has the highest population density accounting for 27.7% of the district's total population. The other six highly populated settlements within the district together account for 14.5% of the district's population whilst the remaining settlements constitute 60.8% of the population. Apart from the district capital, all the other settlements are considered rural (given the urban threshold of 5,000) and these rural settlements constitute 75.3% of the district population. A distinctive feature of the district is its gender ratio of I1 1:100 male to female, which is higher than both the national and regional ratios of 97:100 and 96:100 respectively. This may be attributed to the mniing activities in the district, which typically attract more males thani females. Thc age distribution is not different from that of the national distribution. There is a young population and high dependency ratio of 1:1. This certainly puts a lot of pressure on the district's budget and affects development projects negatively. T'hc occupational distributioni is typical of a farming community, with agriculture accounting for the largest percentage of the labour force at 68%; out of which 53% are males and 47% are femCiales. Relast -MouchI/VRA/I'O TIJEIS 54 PRI.STllA-0131JASI TRANSMISSION l.NI: - I:INAI I:IS * Social Dcvelopmcnt There is an uneven spatial distribution of social services due to poor accessibility and poor road network linking to service centers. The services available are typically concentrated in the bigger settlements, placing them more or less beyond the reach of the rural poor. Education: The condition in the district is not that different from the situation at the national level with many primary schools, and inadequate tertiary institutions. Although the number of primary schools is significant at 178, most of those located outside of Dunkwa, the district capital, are in a poor state of repair. Hcalth: There are 2 hospitals in the district, both of which are located in the district capital, and 10 health centres/healthi posts within the district. Given the poor road network, health services are out of the reach of most rural dwellers. The number of the health posts is also inadequate to cater for a population of about 98,561. This has led to an over-reliance on unorthodox means of preventive and curative medicine and makes the people vulnerable to the activities of "quack" doctors and drug peddlers. The most common diseases reported in the district are malaria, anemia and upper respiratory tract infections. Malaria has the highest incidence and the upper respiratory tract infections are prevalent in the mining activities. Poor sanitation and poor nutrition are the major causes of ill heiathi in the district. Watcr: Drinking water supplies come from streams, rivers and boreholes. Most of these streams and rivers arc polluted and infested due to unsanitary surroundings and mniing activities, whiici arc hazardous to the healthi of the people. Thus, there is a high risk of epidemics. * .Econornic Dcvelopmcnt Out of the total land area of approximately 170,000 ha, about 30,250 ha are currently cultivated and about 45% of the total land area is for mining concessions. Rclast -Mouchcl/VRA/l'OTIJE15 55 Land is generally indigenously owned and mostly administered by family heads. Share cropping is practiced on about 20% of all farm lands. Other forms of land tenure include lease and hirilng. Outright sale is not very common. Thc district has many large farms of cocoa, oil palm, coconut and rice. The major food crops include cassava, plantain, maize, etc. Rain-fed agriculture is mostly practiced and irrigation has not yet been developed. The source of farm labour is predominantly family-based. Some farmers also use hired labour ("by day"). Considering that farm finance is hardly available to small-scale farmers and given the above practices, the results are generally low harvests for farmlers. Some livestock and poultry farming is undertaken but this is mainly subsistence in nature. There are not many commercial livestock and poultry farms in the district. Tele industrial sector is made up mainly of mining, quarrying, maiiufacturinig, construction, artisans and craftsmen. Mining is however the largest sub-sector in the district due to the gold, bauxite, clay, kaolin and manganese deposits. Air and water pollution are some of the problems associated with thcsc activities. The manufacturing sub-sector is dominated by wood processing. Other small scale cottage industries are pottery, alcohol distilling, soap making and bakery. The district has seven market centers with specific market days. The major problem facing the economic advancement of the district is the poor road network. This makes it difficult for rural dwellers to reach the markets. The situation is aggravated during the raining seasons. 3.2.2(d) Amansic East District TIhe Amansie East district covers some of the communities found towards the northern end of the proposed power line route and lying to the west of thie line. The district is located in the southern part of thc Ashanti Region. RchIst -Mouchcl/VRANPOTJUEIS 56 PRESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS It shares boundaries to the west with Amansie West district; north with Bosomtwe-Kwanwoma district and to the east with Adansi West, Adansi East and Asante Akim South districts. The district covers a total land area of 1,899 sq km, constituting about 7.8% of the total land area of the Ashanti region. * Dcmographic Characteristics The Amansie East district has a projected population size of about 225,069 with a population dcnsity of 121 persons per sq km. and an annual growth rate of 3%. There is an estimated migrant population of about 38% of the total population. The average household size in the district is about 7 persons in a household. There are more females (56%) in the district than males (48%), giving a gender ratio of 1: 1.06. There are 45.6% in the 0-14 years group, 51.3% in the economically active group of 15-64 years and 3. 1% over 65. The district has over 613 settlements with the majority of them concentrated in the central part. In spite of thc numilerous settlemcnts, the district has only two urban communities lBekwai (thc capital) and Jacobu. The bulk of the people in the district live in rural communities having a population size of 500 and below and classified as farmsteads. Etilnicity and Religion: Christians make up nearly 80% of the population, while Moslems and tiaditionalists constitute the remaining 20%. As with the other districts, Amansie East is also poly-ethnic withi the indigenous Akans dominating. * Economic Issues About 80% of the available labour force in the district is employed. The main source of employment in the district is agriculture. Agriculture contributes about 76% of the district's total iiicoIilc, the rcmainider being derived from services and commerce. Thc main crops in the district are maize, rice, cocoyam, yam and plantain. Another important cconomic activity in the district is fishing from Lake Bosomtwe. Rcl.st -Mo,iulicl/VRA/1'O ITJES 57 I'Rl:SlT-A-OBUASI T RANSMISSION LINL - FINAL. I:IS The Amansie East hias potential to develop into a tourist center. Some of the major sites of historical, scientific and aesthetic importance in the district include: * The Subin, Bosomtwe and Mpampram forest reserves * Lake Bosomtwc, the only natural lake in Ghana * Kyekyewere - the birth place of King Osei Tutu, the founding father of the Asante Kingdbm. (These are located in the northern parts of the district and away from the project area.) * Social Issucs Education: The educational facilities in the district comprise 105 pre-schools, 195 primary schools, 87 junior secondary schools, 7 senior secondary schools and I vocational school. As with many other districts, the majority of the primary and junior secondary schools are said to be in a poor state of repair (cracked walls, rotten doors and window frames, rusty and leaking roofs). I ealth: The maini health facilities in the district are 2 government hospitals. 4 mission hospitals, 2 government healthi centers, I private clinic and I mission maternity home. I'lic maini diseases recorded in the district include malaria, upper respiratory tract infections and diarrilca. Malnutritioni is a major cause of ill health among the populace. Water: Rivers and streams are the main sources of water for the majority of the population. Only about 24% of the communities arc said to have access water from pipes, boreholes and hand-dug wclls. However many of them still resort to the use of rivers and streams due to inadequacy and unreliability of these sources. Rclisl - MoucheIIVRAIOl0IJEIS 58 PRESTI.A-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINI - FINAI. EIS 3.2.2(c) Adansi Wcst District The Adansi West district covers the settlements at the northern end of the POTL project and lying to the east of the line. The settlements include Obuasi the district capital, where the line will terminate. The land area coverage of the district stands at 950 sq km with over 170 settlements, consisting of four urban and the remainder being a few semi-urban and rural communities. Rural communities constitute the dominant settlements in the district. The road network linking towns and villages within the district and with other parts of the country include 13 kilometers asphalted, 69 kilometers double-surfaced bitumen roads and a niulmber of second class feeder roads. There is a 48 kilometers railway line from Akrokerri, through to Dunkwa in the Upper Denkyira district and an airstrip constructed by Ashanti Goldfields Company links the district to the national capital by air. * Dcmographic Characteristics The estimated size of population in the district in year 2000 is 378,539 with estimated annual growtlh rate of 6.9% between 1994 and 2000. The district has a population density of 398 persons pcr sq km. Almost 66% reside in urban areas with the remaining 34% residing in rural scttlements. The most populated area is Obuasi and its immediate environs. Apart from the five main urban communities (Obuasi, Akrofuom, Dompoase, Akrokerri and Fomlcna), and a few semi-urban settlements, the majority of the other communities have a popLIlation of I 000 or less. The population has a gender ratio at 103 males to 100 females and the economically active population (15-60 years) constitutes 48% of the total population. This gives a dependency ratio of 1:1.08. Rclast - Mouclicl/VRA/I'OLUEIS 59 PRESTEA-03UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL I-IS * Social Dcvclopmcnt Education: There are 1 7 primary schools, 52 junior secondary schools and 6 senior secondary schools in the district. There is only I vocational school located in the district capital and I training college for teachers located at Akrokerri. Health: The district has I major hospital owned and operated by Ashanti Goldfields Company. In addition to this hospital, there are 3 public health centres, and 3 privately owned clinics. There are also 10 maternity homes, 8 primary health centers and 2 maternal child health and family planning centers. The most common health problems regularly recorded in the district include malaria, upper respiratory tract infections and, eye infections. Water: Only four communities in the district (Obuasi, Akrokerri, Fomena and Akrofuom) have access to pipe borne water supplied by the Ghana Water Company. There are over 88 boreholes and 36 hanid dug wells in various settlements in the district. A substanitial number of settlcments rely solely on strcams and rivers as their sources of water. * Economic Dcvclopmcnt Agriculture and mining are the main sources of income for the district. Agriculture employs about 51% of the labour force. The main mining company in the district, Ashanti Goldfields Company (AGC), directly employs over 10,000 persons. Apart from direct employment, thle AGC also provides indirect job opportunities through its related subsidiary and ancillary sectors. Thc avcrage houselhold size is 7 persons per houselhold. L3otlh food crops and cash crops are cultivated in the district. The major food crops are cassava, planitain, cocoyanl and pepper; the cash crops include oil palm, citrus (orange), cocoa, coffee and kola nuts. Large quantities of oil palm and orange are produced by plantation farns for both Relast - Mouchcl/VRA/PorrIJES 60 PRESTIA-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - I:INAL [IS local consumption and for export to other districts and regions of the country. Animal husbandry is also undertaken in the district with cattle, poultry and pig rearing being the more common. The major manufacturing activities are timber processing, oil palm and palm kernel processing, brick and tile production and metal fabrication works. Others are cassava processing, block moulding and concrete mixing for building and construction works. Underground and surface mining activities are being undertaken in the district, especially with the presence of Ashanti Goldfields Company. In addition to the companies who are already in production, there are others, both local and foreign, who have concessions and prospect for gold. Communities where gold deposits are found include Kwabena kwa Krom, Akrokerri, Kusa, Betenase, Nkrabea, Sikaman and Old Ayaasi. The prospects in quarrying are located in a stretch of granite boulder outcrops from Dompoase to Akrokerri and Agogoso. 3.3 The Existing Transmission Lines (Prcstca - Obuasi) Tlle cxisting transmission line sections between Prestea and Obuasi consist of 4 line segimients: I) Prestea - Bogoso 2) Bogoso - Dunkwa 3) Dunkwa - New Obuasi 4) New Obuasi - Obuasi Thc Prestea substation was commissioned in 1965 as part of the initial VRA national tranlsimiission network that was installed with the Akosombo Hydroelectric plant. Rclast - Mouchilc/VRA/I'(YI[UEIS 61 PREST1EA-O0IUJASI TRANSMISSION LIN: - IINAL LIS TIhc New Obuasi substation was commissioned in 1984 to meet additional power requirements of the then Ashanti Goldfields Corporation. The Bogoso substation was commissioned in 19QO to supply power to the new gold mines located in the Bogoso area. The lines consist of a total of 171 single circuit steel towers covering a distance of 11.7 circuit km. The lines transmit power at 161 kV to the various load centers on the route. The existing right-of-way (RoW) passes through the Opon-Mansi forest reserve over a distance of approximately 0.8 km and through the Denyau shelterbelt reserve for a distance of about 2.25 km. Based on a width of 30 m, the area taken up by the RoW in the Oppon-Mansi reserve is about 2.4 ha (out of a total of 116.6 sq. km or 11,660 ha) and that for the Denyau shelterbelt is 6.75 ha (out of 12.4 sq. km or 1,240 ha). So far there have been no major incidents such as tower collapse recorded on the lines and periodic maintenance on the lines, towers and RoW are carried out as required. I-lowever the main constraints that have been noted are those caused by the effects of corrosion. Due to the generally corrosive atmosphere in the mining areas, (particularly in the Prestea area), the aluminized shieid wires on the lines have become rusted and are being replaced with aluminium coated steel wires which have superior resistance to corrosion. Other tower structures, insulator strings and fittings are also affected by corrosion and tilese are being replaced periodically. The details of the 4 line segments are presented in Tabic 3.5 below: Table 3.5: Dctails of Existing Transmission Line Scgments (Prcstca - Obuasi) No. Transmission Line section Circuit kilometers. No. of Towers in segment I Prestea - Bogoso 13 34 a___ Bogoso - Dunkwa 66 171 3 Dunkwa - New Obuasi 25 90 4 New Obuasi - Obuasi 7.1 16 Totals 111.1 311 Rclast - Mouchcl/VRA/IPOl IJEIS 62 IREST1A-O13MJASI TRANSMISSION LINE - IINAL [IS 3.3.1 Powcr Supply to Scttlcmcnts along the Route The VRA 161 KV transmission network supplies high voltage power all over the counlry. VRA also supplies high voltage power to some bulk consumers such as VALCO, ALUWORKS and the Steel industries in Tema. However, the provision of low voltage electric power for domestic and commercial use (220v and 440v) is the responsibility of the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) and the Northern Electricity Department (NED). The existence of the high voltage network in an area provides the basis for possible extension of domestic service to settlements within that arca. With the commissioning of the existing line in 1965 and further expansion in 1984 and 1990 as elaborated above, many settlements along the Prestea - Obuasi route and beyond have benefited from electricity supplies under the National Electrification Programme and the Self-Help Electrification Programme. At the time of the baseline survey, the settlements along the proposed route witil electricity supply were: PIrcstea Bogoso Damnang Opon Valley Dunkwa Atekyem Asikunia Abesewa Obuasi Thlc proposed project is intended to boost the existing network and ensure tihat those settlements already connectcd to thle national grid continue to benefit from sustainable supplics. In addition. the new line will cnable ECG to extend power to some of the communities whicih are as yet not conniected. Rcklisl -Mouchicl/VIA/I'OTUIA5 63 * H~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 7-~~~1 1-4 C4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4I.* '4 LL V fui~~~~~~~4'3 a WIYr-. ______ 2 ¶h. N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 17 I!III N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~q L i~~ ;~ p~4 a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- . I~~~~~~~~I PRESTEA - OBUASI 161 KV TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT 2 00 1,4; OBUASyO i S elflSPb 3kyere 0 oo - Tweapea- uhyer 0 Aboagyekrr% ',Jtoes ,Borf Bisea Awona* Fenaso Ikwanta Abeseta . Kwameprakrom4e 0 Agyempaboa 0 Asiktma 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 A, Kwaw Tewia ieodgeso/PokukromT- Arnponsakr po Valley a A~~~~yim akrom Abekakroa _N_y_ _ -___ - ihu Siding Bocos,! 1Syens fcOm 8ogosi Sidings\ye Dismcr Capitls f * Tonsuithm Studv Areas AV Rail Wai Lines PR; E=A / Mator Roads _Reional Boundan _t l1ig 3-3 MAP SHOWING COMMUNMES. ROADS AND LINES IN TH£ PROJECT AREA Chapter 4 Assessment of Impacts And Proposed Mitigation PR1ESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAI FIS 4.0 SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION During the Scoping, it was established that some environmental effccts will occur from the pre- construction, construction and operation (and maintenance) activities of the project. Part I of this chapter describes these various activities and the potential impacts arising from them, mainly on thie bio-physical environment, and recommends mitigation measures that should be adopted to minimise or eliminate the impacts where possible. Being a "linear" project, the POTL is expected to have diverse socio-economic/cultural impacts as it traverses many settlements. Some of the affected persons who were identified during the study, were interviewed on various relevant issues. Part 2 of this chapter discusses these impacts under "Socio-Economic/Cultural Impacts and Mitigation". Finally, special issues of concern related to implementation of the project, such as the Bogoso sacred grove, the forest reserves, EMF effects and payment of compensation which require more clarification are discussed in Part 3 under "Special Issues of Concern". Iabic 4.1 overleaf, is the Impact Matrix which has been used in the impact identificationi and asscssmnent. The other tools used in the imipact identification proccdures are: * Environmental guidelines and literature review (including World Bank EA Source Book Vol. 3) * Experience gained by proponents (VRA) in carrying out similar projects in the past * Public and Institutional consultations Ilhc matrix was drawn with the project activities listed on the vertical axis and the aspects of the cnvironmnent on the horizontal axis. The interrelationship between each project activity and each clemcnt of the environment was then evaluated to arrive at the results indicated in the matrix. TIhc matrix demonstrates that the major adverse impacts are on land use and land related issues arising mainly from the acquisition and clearing of the right-of-way (RoW). Others relate to loss of flora and dispersion of fauna. The discussions follow after the matrix. Rcl.isl - Mouchcl/VRAIl0TIJIIS 64 f'R.h,S I ILA-013l-.AS]I IRANSNIISSION LINL --1AS 1A11'.v.~ .) Sa Table 4.1: Impaict Identification Matrix Activities Bio-physical Environment _ ____Sodo-cudtural Ernirowinent Pro-conistruction ~o-UteSurvey ~ 10 0 To o I1101 00 010 010 0 0 00o o RoW Acquisition ojo 101 0 lot00 l 01 __ 1 Comstnuctfon Clearing AcceassRoute 1 0JOil 0/1 IjO/1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1, Tmansportation of Plant to Site I 010/1 I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Clearing RoW 0 0 j0/1 0/1 I Ott 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Clearing Tower Corridor I 0] 0/1 0/1 If 0/1 0 0 0 0 Excavating Tower Foundations 0 0 0/1 I 0 0 0 0 0 Eirecti-ng To-wers 10101010101 otojolo0 I 0 0 Stringing Limes 1 1 010 jO o j 010 0ij0 0 0 Operadion___ EMF effects O 10 0 0 0 0 010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ' Vegetation Contol 010 0 1 1 0 010 0 0 0 0 1 1 ~ t1. 0 Line Maintenance OjO 0 0 0 010 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Tower Maintenance 0ojo 0 0 0jO 0 0 0 0 -I 0 0 0 0 0 Key: 0 No potential impact or niot signtiricant. 1 Potential effect, expected to be less significant. 3 Potential significant adverse impact, 14Potential signiificanit beneficial impact. Rcfast -MouchcVVRAsPOTLUES 65 PRl:STriA-0B3lUASI I RANSMISSION l.NIA - FIS PART I 4.1 Potential Pre-construction Impacts and Mitigation The pre-construction activities to be undertaken for the transmission line project are line route survcy (including selection of tower spots) and acquisition of the right-of-way (RoW). Line Routc Survey - this takes the form of a conventional survey of route and profile of the proposed route using topographic instruments. At selected points on the route, concrete marking pegs are installed. VRA has already engaged surveyors to carry out an initial route survey. The findings of the EIA and other considerations, will be used by VRA to select the tower spots/positions. The project contractor will then be required to carry out additional surveys to verify the route and tower spots and make changes where necessary. Impacts The impacts arising from this activity (route survey) are those resulting from the partial clearing of vegetation including somc food and cash crops within a path/lille of about I m widc. This results in loss of income for the affected farmers. During the consultations, a more significant impact identified from this activity, was that rclated to uncertainlty of the Projcct schedule. Somc farmers who have route pcgs installed on or close to their farms, claimed they were unable to proceed with further cultivation; not knowing exactly when the project would commniece and the extent of possible damage to their crops. Mitig!ation Since the proposed line is to run close to the existing line, the roads and paths already used for line maintenance (but now overgrown) shall be used to provide access for surveyors. ltclist - Mouchel/VRAI'O Ir/JEIS 66 PRESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - EIS Destruction of crops shall be kept to the barest minimum and owners shall be consulted and given due notification prior to any such action and adequately compensated for any losses. Prior to commencement the farmers/land owners shall be fully briefed about the project, time schedule and extent of land to be affected by the project. For example, if they are made aware that clearing of the RoW is limited to only tall trees that can pose a threat to the line, they could maintain cultivation of crops (especially short cycle food crops) without undue anxiety until the project finally commences. Acquisition of Right-of-Way - once the line route and tower spots have been selected, VRA shall acquire the RoW prior to construction of the transmission line. Under the provisions of the VRA Transmission Line Regulations (LI 542), the RoW covers all the area lying 15 m on either side of the centre line of the power lines. The Regulations (see Annex 2) define the various activities (including farming, cultivation and mining), which arc restricted in the RoW [LI 542 section i(g)(ii)]. Impacts Acqui-irig the RoW will have a significant impact on the land ownership and land use in the area. Any land uses that are not compatible with the RoW will have to cease or be removed. Nearly 90% of the line passes through farmlands and VRA intends to compensate the farmers for the crops and any structures that will be destroyed during the construction of the line. However once the line is in place, future use of the land will be prohibited. This may cause a significant impact to the local farmers/landowners who will not be able to use tlheir land leading to loss of future income - this is discussed further in l'art 2 under Socio-Economic/Cultural impacts. Othler land uses that will be affected by the RoW include the miniing activities. The existing and proposed lines cross the mniing concessions. Consultations have been held with the mininig companies and this is also discussed in Part 2. The impact of the RoW througlh the Opon-Mansi and Denyau forest reserves is discussed in detail in Part 3. Rc3ast - Mouchcl/VRAOlTUEIS 67 I'RI:Sl EA-013lJASI TRANSMISSION LINI - I:IS Mitigation The loss of land use under the RoW may be classified as a residual impact. The restriction of access lo the RoW is necessary for the safety of both the transmission line and the public. Li 542 empowers VRA to restrict access to the RoW, however, the process of acquisition of the RoW shall be carried out with due consultations with all stakeholders and in line with World Bank policy which requires that all land holders, including explicitly those holding under various forms of traditional or customary tenure, are to be compensated for loss of the land. 4.2 Potential Construction Impacts and Mitigation Those aspects of the construction activities that give rise to environmental concerns are discussed here in further detail. The main construction activity of concern has to do with clearing of vegetation. Constructing the transmission line involves various levels of vegetation clearing for the different areas (see Fig. 4-1) and these are discussed below: * Construction Access Track - The construction of the towers begins with clearing access tracks to get the equipment to the line route. At various selected points along the proposed route, construction access tracks of approximately 3.5 m width (linking from public roads), will be cleared to enable materials, equipment and maciniiiery to be transported to the spots chosen for erecting the towers. Along the proposed route, the farthest distance from the road to the lines is about 1.6 km (I mile) and there wilL be a ,total of about 30 km such access tracks (based on the existing lines). These tracks will be cleared completely of all trees, stumps, scrub and vegetation to leave a graded surface. Based on the foregoing, it is estimated that the total area of access tracks to be cleared will be about 105,000 sq. m or 10.5 ha. Impacts Loss of crops and land use with the attendant loss of income, are the main impacts arising from clearing these access tracks. Loss of vegetation cover also exposes some streams to Rcl.ast - Mouchid/VRA/1OTUIIJEIS 68 PREISTEA-O0BUASI TRllANSMISSION LINI - EiS high rates of evaporation. Clearing of vegetation and compaction of soils could lead to death and/or dispersal/displacement of some faunal species. From the nature of soils encountered, it is likely that the clearing of the land (especially at the highl spots) and use of heavy plant and machinery will cause some erosion of the land. Noise and dust generation will arise from the process of land clearing using machinery. Noise impacts and dust impacts on air quality are considered to be of very limited duration and not very significant. However impacts from dust could be significant in places near streams or water bodies or where the tracks have to cross these water bodies, there is the possibility of dust particles and silt contaminating the water and possible blockage due to increased sediment loading. During consultations, it was noted that in the past, when such water bodies get blocked during construction, communities downstream are starved of their water sources. Access roads open up closed areas and could enable unscrupulous persons to enter to carry out illegal/unauthorised activities such as tree felling (by "cchaini saw" operators) and surface/cottage mining ("galamsey" operators). Mitigation Loss of land use is discussed in Part 2. As much as possible, access to the line route shall be throughi existing access tracks. Construction of new tracks shall be kept to the barest minimum. Track routes shall be selected in such a way as to minimise any damage to farms and crops. After the construction phase is over, the tracks shall be replanted immediately with appropriate ground cover, such as fast growing grasses, to check erosion and reduce sediment runoff. Rcla,st - Mouclicl/VRA/1OIL0US 69 PRESTEA-OlilJASI TRANSMISSION lINE - FIS The path of access tracks shall be selected so as to avoid crossing streams and other-water bodies. Where this is unavoidable, suitable culverts shall be installed; under no circumstances shall water bodies be blocked to provide for construction access. The exact number of culverts and streams to be affected shall be determined at the time of construction and monitored by the Project Environmental team. Removal of stream bank vegetation (especially bamboo) shall be avoided as much as possible. Sediment traps or screens shall be installed to control runoff and sedimentation. Warning notices ("NO ENTRY", "NO TRESSPASSING" etc.) shall be placed at entry to access roads. In addition, random security patrols shall be carried out. The Unit Committees in the communities shall be involved in educating the people and enforcing these provisions. Transporting of machinery and equipment to site - Once the access tracks are prepared, heavy duty trucks will be used to transport construction machinery, cranes and tower members/accessories, through the public roads and along these access tracks, to the crccting points. Impacts Transporting heavy machinery through the relatively narrow roads in the rural communities poses risks to traffic and public safety. There will also be some minor traffic disruptions caused by slow moving heavy trucks. Heavy trucks moving on1the graded access tracks will cause soil compaction and increased exposure to erosion. Mitigation Trucks and machinery shall display appropriate road safety signals (red flag and flashilg amber lights). Deliveries shall be made in daylight hours and speeds limited to prescribed safe levels especially within towns and settlements. Compactioni of soils along the graded tracks shall be reduced by regulating the number of passes of heavy trucks to and from the sites. RclasL -Mouchcl/VRA/'OlTUEIS 70 I'RESl-EA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - LIS * Clearing of the towcr track - After the machinery and equipment are delivered to the sites, a tower track of approximately 2.5 - 3 m width, will be cleared along the line route (as far as is practicable) for the purpose of erecting the towers. The specifications require the removal of all tree stumps and roots from this track, leaving it graded, to permit the transit of "Land Rover", "Unimog" or similar 4-wheeled drive vehicles for future patrol and maintenance. Based on a maximum width of 3 m, the entire tower track area to be cleared over the 10 km route is estimated to be about 310 ha. Imnacts Impacts arising from this activity are similar to those discussed for the construction access track since both are completely cleared to leave graded surfaces. The mitigation actions discussed above are therefore similarly applicable here. From experience, it is not necessary to maintain a graded surface for vehicle access. Therefore, re-growth of limited ground cover shall be carried out along these tracks to protect against soil erosion. * Clcaring and Excavating for tower foundations - Following the clearing of the tower track, the selected tower spots will be widened further to accommodate the tower pads or loundationis. The land area to be cleared will cover an area equal to the dimenisionls of the tower base (about 5 m square) plus an additional 2 m on each side. Stumps in the tower site area shall not project more than 10 cm above ground. With an estimated 300 towers to be erected, the additional total, area to be cleared for tower foundations is estimated to be only about I ha over the entire length of the route. The tower foundations will consist of separate concrete footings of the "pad and chiminey" type. (see Plate 2) Excavation for the foundations will depend on the soil type at thc selectcd spot and will usually be between 2 - 3 m deep. Impacts Excavating for tower foundations will destabilise the soil structure and expose the soils to erosion. In swampy areas, there will be the need to pump out water from the excavations and this would further increase erosion from surface runoff and increase sediment flow into nearby water bodies. R:lasl -Mouchcl/VRA/IOlUITIS 71 PRIS rEA-01otJASI TRANSMISSION LINE - -IS Mitization The contract specifications provide design parameters for three (3) classes of soil nalliely, Type A (poor soil - swampy areas), Type B (good soil) and Type C (unfractured rock). The ground surface at each tower site shall be graded to provide drainage away from the tower legs. Where necessary (particularly on sidehills), terracing, cribbing or riprap may be used to provide protection for tower foundations. Clcaring thc Right-of-Way (RoW) - the contract specifies that all tall trees and scrub within a distance of 15 m on either side of the centreline of the transmission line (i.e. approx 30 m wide area) shall be cut down to a height of not more thani 1.25 m above ground; the ground cover is not to be removed. In addition any tall trees outside the RoW, but of such height as could fall within 2 m of the conductors, shall also be felled. For the entire I 10 km, the 30 m RoW will cover an area of 330 ha. Of the estimated I 10 km total length of the transmission line, only 3.05 km passes through the Opon-Manisi and Denyau forest reserves. Impacts Clearing the RoW and its immediate environs of all tall trees will result in loss of closed canopy and reduction in the number of tree species. Cutting of trees presents occupational/public safety risks to the workers and farmers in the vicinity. Falling trees (especially tall trees beyond the RoW) will cause extensive damage to vegetation/crops in the landing area. Some faunal displacement/dispersion (especially birds) could result due to the cuttilg downi of some trees. Loss of tree cover would lead to incrcase evaporation particularly of small streams/water bodies. M itigation Removing of tall trees from the RoW is essential and unavoidable for the safety of the power lines and may be classified as a residual impact. RcIast -MoucheIl/VRA/1'0TUEI5 72 PRESi lA-01UASI I RANSMISSION LINE - LEIS However, in selecting the final route, care shall be taken to minimise the number of trees that will have to be cut. From the discussions on the baseline environment (3.1.3a), there are no species of urgent conservation concern outside the forest reserves. Within the reserves, the guidelines of the Forest Service Division will be strictly adhercd to. Cutting of trees shall be done by a certified timber contractor, and strictly in lile with the prescribed safety guidelines; those involved shall be competent workers supervised by the Forestry Services staff. The landing area of falling trees shall be carefully selected to minimise damage to farms. Adequate warning shall be given to ensure that public safety is not compromised. * Erection of towers - With an average span of about 300 - 400 m between towers, this project will involve the erection of over 300 towers along the route. The Towers which are about 30 -35 m high, may be erected either by assembly on the ground and lifting with crane or by erecting in stages. The specifications allow the contractor to determine the appropriate method to use subject to approval and supervision by VRA. Impacts The impacts arising from erection of towers are mainly related to occupational health and safety. Working at heights could present hazards to the climbers and to those on the ground from falling objects, tools etc. Workiing with cranes and other lifting equipment also present potential injury from brokeni wires and lifting tackle and swinging objects. When erected in place, the towers arc quitc imposing and in areas near to settlements and at entry into the substations, they create visual intrusion. During daylight hours, the new, shining tower members are klnown to produce a "glare" effect as they reflect the sunlight. The other area of visual intrusion concern is in the built up areas within the townships such as Obuasi, Dunkwa. Bogoso and Prestea. In such instances, the prominent tower profile tends to obscure buildings and other structures in the landscape. Rclst - Mouchcl/VRA/'OTlJUIS 73 I'RI*SlTl:A-O03UASI I KANSMISSION LINE. - IlS A positive impact of erecting the towers is that they become nesting sites for birds and provide perching platforms. It is significant to note that existing transmission lincs are clearly marked on Ghana's topographical maps (1:50,000). When driving through the countryside the towers serve as landmarks to aid in "navigating". Mitip-ation The relevant provisions of the Factories, Offices and Shops Act, 1970(Act 328) and the VRA Corporate Safety Rules 1993, will be applied at the construction sites. Cranes, lifting gear, wires and other such items shall be tested and certified by the Factories Inspectorate Department. All workers shall be provided with the necessary safety clothing, helmets, boots, climbing belts etc. in addition to being trained on every aspect of the work required including operation of specialised tools and machinery. The VRA Safety rules provide comprehensive instructions/precautions on all aspects of the work covcring areas such as Forestry work and Line work. In addition VRA provides specialised insurancc for workers cxposed to highi risk work including towcr clillbing. In VRA practice, "tower glare" is mitigated by painting the steel members withi dark grey pigment. This also makes the towers to mergc with the natural landscape and reduces the visual intrusion effect. * Erection of conductors, shicld wires and othcr accessories - the conductors (wound on1 drums) and accessories (insulators, fittings ctc) shall be transported to site by suitable trucks or trailers. Tlic conductors are wound on wooden drums - each drumll covers a lcngth of 3 km. Thc project will require ncarly 40 such drums. The lines will be strunig along the towers over the wholc length of the route using specialised winches. In certain locations, the lines will cross power lines, telephone lines, rail crossings and public roads. Rcl:ast - Mouchcl/VRA/POTlJEIS 74 PRIwS rEA-0I3LJASI T RANSMISSION LINI: - [EIS Impacts Stringing of lines creates impacts on occupational health and safety similar to those discussed above. In addition, stringing the lines across public roads and railway lines will require some temporary disruptions to traffic. Placing of the lines limits ground and aerial movements in the vicinity of the lines. Lines can pose collision hazards to birds and low flying aircraft as well as obstructing road haulage of tall structures. Mitigzation All safety precautions prescribed for tower erection shall apply to the stringing. Only skilled personnel shall operate the stringing winches. In all cases where stringing will cross power lines, telephone lines, public roads etc, due notification to appropriate authorities will be given as required. The minimum clearance for road crossings shall be 8 m and that for rail crossings shall be 9 m. In the vicinity of airports and airstrips (e.g. in the mining camps), warning spheres shall be clamped at intervals on the shield wire according to international standards for acrodromes issued by ICAO. The specifications stipulate that the colour shall be "International Orange" and the diameter shall not be less than 600 mm. Modification wvorks at Prestca and Obuasi substations - these modifications, as outlined in Chapter 2, are mainly civil works involving minor road rehabilitation. demolition and extension of existing buildings and erecting line termination structures. Impacts The impacts arising from these construction activities are mostly sillilar to those discussed above. Dust generation during demolition and occupational health and safety hazards are very significant in such situations. .la -Mouchel/VRA/POTIULS 75 Mitigation Safety provisions of the Factories, Offices and Shops Act shall be applied at construction sites. All workers shall be provided with the relevant safety clothing and working gear. Prior to demolition, the area shall be appropriately barricaded and warning signals posted.. Drains from the work areas shall be directed to existing drains and prevented from polluting any nearby water bodies. All paints, chemicals and solvents shall be stored in safe and secure locations. Any tanks containing fuels and oils shall be properly marked and appropriate warning notices posted on them. 4.3 Operation and Maintcnancc Impacts and Mitigation The operation and maintenance of overhead transmission lines, just like any other components of power systems, pose safety hazards and related problems whicih are discussed in this section. Operational lhazard impacts - these arise from the safety hazards associated with transmitting power along the overhead conductors. The following, (thoughi generally very rare in well maintained systems), are the hazards and problems that could impact on public/occupational health and safety during the operation of overhead transmission lines: * Dropping of Conductor - A conductor could drop as a result of either the mechanical failure of insulator string on the tower or snapping of the conductor. The failure of an insulator string could be caused by lightning stroke, rusting of the insulator pins or a heavy object (possibly a tree), falling on the line. The snapping of a conductor could also be causcd by the failure of a conductor joint. In line with power system protection provisions, the dropping of a conductor would lead to a grounld fault, which would automatically remove the line section involved from service. Any object on which a live conductor falls could sustain severe burns. Rclast -Mouchcl/VRA/l'OTIJEIS 76 PRiSTElA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - lIS * Shattering of Insulator Units - shattering of insulator unit, especially porcelain type of insulators is potential hazard to passers-by near the tower locations at the time of the shattering. This is due to the very sharp edges of the fragmented pieces which are normally thrown about in all directions from the tower. * Collapse of Tower(s) -The collapse of tower(s) would have the same effect as dropping of conductors since the collapsed tower(s) themselves normally fall witlhin the righlt-of- way. Tower(s) could fall due to the following reasons: * Rain/Wihd Storms * Vandalism of the tower parts * Lapses in Maintenance Collapses due to rain/wind storms are not common since the lines are designed and constructed to stand most extreme weather conditions. During the over 35 years of VRA's transmission line operation and maintenance activities, the network has experienced only two collapses causcd by rain/wind storms. There have also been two collapses due to acts of vandalism. Mitipzation of Operational hazard impacts Althouglh they occur only rarely, almost all the harmful effects noted above have maximum effect within the immediate vicinity of the lines. Therefore, in the interest of public safety, access to the right-of-way by the public shall be restricted. As is the existinig practice, all towers shall be clearly marked with a "DANGER - 161,000 Volts" signal in red oii white background. Impacts arising from natural causes such as lightning strikes and extremc wild gusts are classified as residual. However, tower design includes adequate factor of safety which takes the expected the maximum wind speeds into considerationi. Rclist - Mouchcl/VRA/WOtIJEIS 77 PRST-ll:A-031JASI TRANSMISSION L.NIN - :IS Regular periodic maintenance will help to eliminate dangers posed by corroded and worn out parts of towers and accessories. VRA has a comprehensive planned and emergency maintenance routine for the transmission lines and this will be applied on the new lines. Specified improvements for the new line, such as the use of anti-theft fasteners on thc tower members will check vandalism and its harmful consequences. Other improvements include fixing of bird traps, using aluminium covered steel shield wires and improved insulator materials. The shattering of the insulators is normally caused by lightening or dirt and use of quality insulators as well as periodic washing of the insulators will climniatc this problem. Maintcnance impacts - The maintenance procedures developed by VRA fiom over more than 35 years of operating the national transmission network, which are discussed in Chapter 2 (2.3), will be applied on the new line. Some aspects of the maintenance activities raise issues of environmental concern such as: * Maintenance of right-of-way by mechanical slashing and usc of chemicals in preventing re-growth of vegetation * Rust treatment and painting of towers * Occupational safety risks to line maintenance staff Vegetation control in the RoW is carried out by contractors undcr VRA supervision. All tall trees and scrubs within the RoW are cut down by mechanical means, howcver, chemical is applied to tree stumps to prevent re-growth. At thle substations, chemical application is used for weed control in the switchyards. Currently VRA use GARLON 2 for control of tree re-growth and FOLAR for weed control (details of tlhcsc chemicals are presented in Annex 4). The use of chemicals raises concerns of potential pollution of nearby water bodies and possible seepage into ground water. In addition there is the risk to workers arising from Relam - Mouchcl/VIA/1'OTlUES 78 I'RI.STI:A-013UASI TIRANSMISSION lUNE - [IS improper handling of chemicals. Rust treatment and painting of towers also pose concerns of potential pollution of nearby water bodies. Line maintenance has occupational health and safety implications for the staff, as they have to patrol the often bushy tower tracks on foot and climb the towers to carry out needed checks and repairs. Mitigation of maintenance impacts Chemicals used will be limited to only those chemicals approved by the EPA. Application of chemicals will follow strictly according to the manufacturers' guidelines. Workers handling chemicals shall be acquainted with emergency precautions outlined in the accompanying material safety data sheets. As much as possible painting shall be carried out in the dry seasons to minimise paint failure and subsequent wash off into water bodies. Work safety procedures as prescribed in the VRA Corporate Safety Rules 1993 and the relevant requirements of the Factories, Offices and Shops Act on occupational safety shall be strictly complied with by line maintenance staff. * Wastc Gcncration and Managemcnt All aspects of the construction and operational phases discussed in 4.2 and 4.3 above will result in generation of mainly solid waste and these will have to be disposed off accordingly. Wastes expected to be generated from the construction phase include: * Vegetation - felled trees and tree stumps, leaves, under brush, shrubs etc * Packaging materials - conductor drums, wood, plastics, metal parts etc Liquid waste will result from concrete works, washing of equipment, handlinig of fuels, oils and chemicals and pumping out water from excavations. Rclast - MouichcI/VIA/1'0 HIAAIS 79 PRCS'I'A-0131UASI TRANSMISSION lIlNI: - I IS Waste generated from repair and maintenance of the lines include: * Damaged conductors and cables * Broken insulators (both glass and porcelain) * Packaging materials such as wooden crates and paper cartons * Organic waste from bush clearing * Rags and waste cloths used for cleaning * Special wastes in the form of empty chemical, oil and solvent containers. With an estimated total clearing area of about 320 ha over the entire project area, the volume of vegetation and soil waste would be quite considerable. All wastes will be stored in areas which are isolatcd from surface drains. Trees and tree stumps will be gathered together and made available to the communities. Other forms of vegetation wastes will be gathered up at the sites and used for mulch or burnt depending on the situation. Icll woodcn drums used for the conductors will be nearly 40 units and these will become substanitial wastc. Thc wood used for the drums would be used by the local inilabitalits for carpeintry works or even as fire wood. Most of the non-metal solid wastes will be disposed of through the public waste collection svstcni. The metal waste will be collected and sold as scrap to dealers. Spccial wastes of hazardous nature will be segregated and disposed of by total destruction. The usc of empty chemiiical and oil containers for storage of water will be prohibited. Rc:asL - MoucIhcI/VNAIO'I0JTEIS 80 I'RIFSTI A-013UASI lTRANSMISSION LINE - LIS PART 2 4.4 Socio-Economic/Cultural Impacts and Mitigation During the Scoping, it was determined that the main impacts of the POTL project will be on the people in the settlements within the project area. A field survey was conducted to assess those aspects of the socio-economic/cultural environment that would be most affected by the project. The affected communities are those whose lands and properties fall within the right-of-way (RoW ) of the proposed transmission line. Within these communities, the affected persons are those who claimed ownership of the farms/structures that may fall within the RoW. The survey identificd and interviewed 303 persons who may be directly affected by the project. The results and analysis of the findings of the tield survey are presented in Annex 3-7 and form the basis for the discussions and evaluations following. The main socio-economic/cultural Impacts arc expected to arisc from the acquisition of the RoW and subsequent enforcement of the provisionis of LI 542 whicih restricts and prohibits various activities wilthil the RoW . This scctioii discusses potential impacts on various aspects of the social environment and recommends mitigation for those that are considered to be significantly adverse. 13astd on inforimiationl gathcred from consultations with SAE - SADELMI, who have been the maini contractors on several previous VRA transmission line projects, it is expected that the ploject will take 12 to 18 months to complete. The main construction campsite would be located about midway along the proposed route and the total workers required would be about 200. * Impacts on Population and Dcmographs The project is not expected to have any significant adverse impacts on the size of the populations within the commiluniities. At its peak, the project will require about 200 workers. Out of this numiiber, 60% -70% will be employed from among the local communities. Rclast -Mouchcl/VRA/I'OTUEIS 81 PRIESlTEA-OBUASI TIRANSMISSION lINI. - EIS The skilled workers from outside the communities, will be about 80 in number and will be based at the- main project camp which will be set up around Dunkwa, about midway on the proposed route. The workers will be all males but their numbers are such that this would not alter the gender balance to any appreciable extent. The ethnic composition of the affected persons shows that most of them are indigenes of the affected communities (Annex 3-7, Table #4) and this will not be significantly altered during the duration of the project. * Impacts on Religious/Cultural Rcsources Thc-majority of the affected persons (265 out of 303) are of the Christian faith (Annex 3-7, Table #6). This accounts for the fact that there were not many shrines found within the communities and their environs. Apart from the sacred grove enclosing the River Bogo shrine which was identified during the Scoping, three other shrines were noted during the survey. These are in the communities of Asikuma, Damanig and Pcmeliso. Thc people of Ayensukrom have a cemetery located withilin the proposed RoW. M itigation World Bank policy as wcll as good intcrnational practice require that interfering witil shrilles and cultural propertics should be avoided. Therefore the final selection of tower spots shall be made in such a way as to avoid enclosing these shrines within the RoW. Where this is not possible, conisultationis will bc hlcid with the respective Chiefs and fctish priests to consider alternative sites and appropriate compensation to be paid for relocating the shrines. However, as much as possible, the avoidance option shall be followed. lRclast - MotichcINVRA/IPOTILEIS 82 PRESTIFA-01UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - I-IS Impacts on Land usc The total land area to be taken up by the RoW will be approximately 330 ha running along a 30 m wide strip over the entire proposed I I0 km route. The land use along the proposed route is mainly agricultural. The only other significant land use is gold mining. Out of the 303 affected persons identified, 282 or 93.1% are farmers (Annex 3-7, Table 12). Most of them (I28) are engaged in cultivation of a combination of food and cash crops. 96 farmers cultivate only cash crops while another 65 cultivate only food crops. (Annex 3-7, Table I 1). The cash crops likely to be affected are mainly cocoa and oil palm; the food crops will be mostly plantain, cassava and maize. Some fruit plantations such as pineapple and oranges may also be affected. The areas of the farms that fall within the RoW can no longer be cultivated once the transmission line is in place and the loss of use will be a permanent impact. Some of the fanns which do not fall within the RoW could still be affected if the selected routes for construction access have to pass througli them. However, in such instances, the impact of loss of land use may bc only short terml as the land can be re-used for farming wheni construction is over (except il it is required as permanent access for maintenanice). In somc instanices, construction access tracks may benefit some farmers who would be able to use these tracks to allow trucks to reach their farms to haul farm produce. The portion of the line between Prestea and Bogoso passes through the mineral concession beloniging to Bogoso Gold Limited. The proposed route also passes through concessions bclonginig to AGC in Obuasi and Dunkwa Continental Goldfields in Dunkwa. According to section I (a) of LI 542, no mining activities can take place within the RoW, furthermore, by section I (g) (i), no blasting can take place within 1500 ft (approximately 450 in) ol any tranismiiissioni line. The loss of miniing rights within RoW and beyond will therefore be pcrmanent once the line is in place. Relas( - Mouchci2/VRA/1'I0TUiS 83 PRI.SI LA-0)IAS.I I RANSMISSION .NI - H..S Mitigation The Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Act, 1963 (Act 186) is the main law governing the acquisition of RoW for the transmission line. Section 6 of this Act provides for payment of compensation for such acquisitions. All landowners whose lands are permanently affccted by the project will be paid the due compensation for the loss of use of those portions. In line with the World Bank policy, all landowners will be identified and they will be paid the full replacement cost of the affected lands and any properties on them. The mode of payment of compensation, as well as the provisions of Li 334, are discussed under "Special Issues" in Part 3. With regard to the mining companies, Continental Goldfields of Dunkwa and Ashanti Goldfields (AGC) have written to state that the transmission line will not adversely impact on their operations (see Annex 6-1). On the other hand Bogoso Gold have requested for a diversion of the proposed route along their concession (Annex 6-2). VRA is working with them to resolve any potential conflicts. * Impacts on Employmcnt and Incomes The project will provide direct job opportunities for about 120-140 persons from the local communities. They will be used mainly as labourers and for the main non-specialized tasks. This will be a positive impact on the communities. Some of the people will acquire skills on the job wlich could lead them to other opportunities whell the project is over. During the operation and maintenance phase, some of the peoplc would be employed by contractors who carry out line maintenance vegetation clearing on behalf of VRA and this would be an additional benefit. Apart from these direct jobs, the project would also create indirect job opportunities like catering for the workers, whichi would be taken up by women in the communities. Loss of crops during the land clearing phase and loss of land use for farming; witlhil the RoW will impact adversely on the incomes of the people. With a generally highl level of dependelncy (average of 6-12 dependants per household see Annex 3-7, Table #5), any appreciable loss of income will affect many more persons and possibly entire communities. Rcl'st -Mouchicl/VRA/1OlI0EIS 84 PRESTEA-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - EIS Employment created by the project and the incidental indirect jobs created will help to boost the levels of incomes. This impact, though positive, will only bc of a rather limited duration. Mitization Loss of income resulting from loss of crops and land use shall be adequately compensated for. As much as possible, the farmers shall be encouraged to acquire new lands to restore the farm income base. Compensation shall be at economic rates and shall make provision for loss of future incomes. Furthermore, in recruiting the local labour, priority shall be given to capable dcpcnidanits of older farmers and women whose farms are affected. * Impacts on Public Hcaltli and Safety As discussed earlier in sections 4.2 and 4.3, various aspects of the construction and operation of the transmission line could affect water sources in the project area. This would impact adversely on the health of the people in the communities, most of whom do not have access to safe water sources such as pipe borne water or boreholes. The main potential adverse impact on public health and safety arises from dangers associated with operational problems that could occur on the live transmission lines which have been covered under section 4.3. I-lTe otlher issue is that relating to the effects of electromagnetic fields on human health, this is also discussed in sufficient detail under "Special Issues". MI iti2ation Mitigation mcasurcs for protecting water bodies from effects of construction have alrcady been recoimmenlded under 4.2. These shall be monitored for strict compliance to ensure adequate protection of thcse sources of water for the communities. The Provisional EMP in Chapter 7 also outlines guidelines for pollution prevention which shall be implemented accordingly. lrotcction of the public from the hazards of transmission lines shall be ensured by maintaining strict adherence to the RoW protection regulations. Reliast -Mouchcl/VRA/1T0WEIS 85 PRESTEA-OILIASI 1 RANSMISSION L.NIN- I:IS PART 3 4.5 Special Issues of Conccrn This section discusses various issues of concern relating to the implcmncitatioil of the POTL project. These are issues that require a clearer understanding in order to properly evaluate themll and the discussion does not follow strictly in the order of impacts and mitigation as used in Parts I and 2. The issues identified and discussed are: * The Bogoso sacred grove * The Opon-Mansi and Denyau Forest Reserves * Electromagnetic Field (EMF) effects * Compensation issues 4.5.1 Impact on Sacred Grovc at Bogoso The River Bogo at Bogoso has a shrinie in a grove located at the out skirts of Bogoso towlnshlip. During the Scoping, it was notcd that the grove falls withini thc RoW of the proposed transmission line. The current area of the grove is approximately 0.5 ha, portions of which have been encroached by farms and building plots. The shrinie of the river is located in a relatively undisturbed wooded core area of approximately 0.25 ha. The vegetation is typically a swamp forest dominated by the Raphia palm, Rap7hia hookei-i (ADOBE). The forest is poor in species and has a broken canopy that reaches up to 20 m in height. Some of thc tree species encountered are Arlocalpus incisus (BREAD FRUIT), Myrinlnhus libeiricus (NYANKUMA NINI), Plerocarpussanialinoides (HOTE). Ahihocleisla nobilis (BONTODEE), Funtunia elaslica (FRUNTUM), Carapa procera (KWAKUO BESE) and the oil palm Elaeis guineense (ABE). Rl"amt- MouchclVRAA,oTn,I/IS 86 PRESTIA-01WASI TRANSMISSION LINE - IIS The shrubs and herbs include Chromolaena odorala (AKYEAMPONG), Hypselodelphys violacea, Pnuenialopleris afer, Acroceras zizaniodes, Culcasia scandens and Alchornea cordifolia (GYAMA). All of the species encountered occur widely in Ghana and have no urgent conservation requirement. During the study, consultations were held with the grove keeper, Mr. David Attobrah in the presence of Assemblyman Mr. Seth Gyimah, who is also Assistant Headmaster of the local Senior Secondary School. The grove keeper explained that every third week, sacrifices are pcrformed at the shrine on sacred days known as Adumi days which fall on Wednesday, Friday and Sunday. He further explained that the River Bogo no longer flowed downstream near the shrine due to mining activities upstream that have blocked the branch that passes by the grove. It was understood that they could relocate the shrine to a location of their choice, after performing the necessary rites. The grove is located near the point where it is proposed to divert the proposed route away from thc Bogoso townslip and thus avoid any impacts of the RoW on the urban settlements. The final sclcction of the towcr spot shall be made so as to lcave the grove undisturbed. 4.5.2. The Opon-Mansi and Denyau Forcst Reserves Figs. 4-2 and 4-3 are enlarged portions of Topographical Maps (1:50000) showing the transmissioni line route passing through the Opon-Mansi and Denyau forest reserves respectively. The line passes along the edge of the Opon-Mansi reserve and crosses at points Al and A2 as shown on the map. The total distance of the line througlh this rcserve is approximately 0.8 km. Based on a width of 30 m, the land area taken up by the RoW in the Opon-Mansi reserve is about 2.4 ha (out of a total of 1 16.6 sq. km or 11,660 ha). The line crosses twice through the Denyau Shelterbelt reserve at points Al and A2 and again at A3 and A4 as shown on the map. The estimated length over the 2 crossings is approximately Relast - Mouchcl/VRAJPOTrUEIS 87 I'RESTEA-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - EIS 2.25 km. Based on a width of 30 m, the land area taken up by the RoW through thc reserve is about 6.75 ha (out of a total of 12.4 sq. km or 1,240 ha). In relative terms, the impact of the proposed RoW on these reserves is not expected to be very severe. Towcr spots shall be selected to minimise tree felling as much as possiblc. The possibility of using double circuit towers in this area so as to maintain the existing RoW shall also be considered. The baseline studies indicated that the reserves contain some species of conservation significance. Consultations have been initiated with the Forest Service Division of the Forestry Commission. They have indicated that they would provide guidelines regarding felling of trees within the RoW and appropriate compensation requirements. In particular, the Division will appoint a registered timber contractor to harvest the trees within the RoW. 4.5.3 Electromagnetic Ficld (EMF) Effects * Introduction Electromagnetic fields (EMF) occur both as natural phenomenon and in man-made forml. They are created whenever a voltage is present or whenever a current is flowing. In nature EMF occur, as in lightening and in other phenomena such as the northern lights (aurora borealis) caused by thc interaction of solar wind and the earth's magnetic field. Since the early 1880s when public clectricity supplies were introduced, man has lived increasingly in electric and magnetic fields that vary with time (oscillate). However, electricity tranismiiission, distribution and generating equipment is by no mcans the only sourcc of man-lliadc EMF. Such. fields are everywhere, they are created by wiring circuits in homes, including currents that are induced in water and gas pipes. In addition, all electrical appliances and equipment, together witlh electric trains and other forms of transport, even the motor car, all produce EMF. It is almost impossible to avoid man made electric and magnetic fields. Relast -Mouchcl/VRA/i'OTrUEIS 88 PRESTEA-013UASI T RANSMISSION LINE - EIS Over the last twenty years a debate has raged over the impact of electro-magnetic fields (EMF) on human health. Power lines in particular have become a focus for conflicting conclusions. This subsection comprises a review of the current state of knowledge surrounding the human health implications of electricity transmission lines. This information is gathered from a database literature search of current scientific journals, government agency studies and utility sponsored reports. The study aims to provide a clear and independent summary of the spectrum of findings on the topic and present the expert consensus of opinion. * Power lines and Electromagnetic fields Power lines produce both electric and magnetic fields: * Electric fields are produced whenever there is a voltage - the pressure behind the flow of electricity. The higher the voltage the stronger the field. * Magnetic fields are produced by current - the quantity of electricity flowing. The greater the current the stronger the field. The electromagnetic spectrum, Figure 4.4 overleaf, shows the wavelength of the electric and magnetic fields transmitted by power lines. Plower in most of thc world, including Ghana, is provided at an alternating current (AC) of 50 1-lcrtz. This has a wavelength of 5000 km. The fact that exposure to power frequency fields occurs at distances that are much shorter than the wavelength of 50/601Hz radiation has ilmportant iniplications, because under such conditions (called near field) the clectric and magnetic fields can be treatcd as independent entities. Rlclast -Mouclhcl/VRA/iPOTUEIS 89 PRESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINI - EIS static pcwer AM FM radio microwve heat tanning medical field liie radio TV oven lamp both x-rays 10 id4 102 1 1i2 1l4 10i6 18 1010 1)-12 6 l I I I i l l Wavelength (meters) Frequency (Hz) 102 104 106 108 1010 1012 10614 1016 1'01 1020 ELF Radio Infrared U X-ray (A IF)Y (IR) Si Utkr5a*Lot (MW)B (V Non-Ionizing E Ionizing Non-thermal Thermal Optical Broken bonds Low induced High induced Electronic DNA Damage currents currents exctatbn ???? Heating Phctochemtal effects OElvIoder Figurc 4.4. The Electro-Magnctic Spectrumi' EMF sources produce no appreciable radiation in contrast to the electro-magnetic radiation of smaller wavelengths in which the electric and magnetic fields are inextricably linked. Low frequency electromagnetic fields are known as non-ionising radiation, since the amount of energy in them is far below that required to break molecular bonds such as those in DNA. These electro-magnetic fields may have more subtle health impacts. * EMF and human health The National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), which has responsibility for providing advice to the UK Government on appropriate restrictions on EMF exposure, has produced guidelines in the form of investigation levels for mains frequency magnetic fields of 1600 Irlicrotesla and for electric fields of 12 kilovolts per metre. Both apply to the head, neck and trunk and are intended to avoid the possible effects of induced cLirreint oni functions of the central nervous system. The electric field is greatly reduced in ilaginitude within the human body, because the body itself is an electrical conductor. Currents induced in the body by fields of less than IkV/m or 5OjiT are weaker than those that occur naturally in the body". Rcla'I - Mouchcl/VRA/1'0ITI JIIS 90 PRESITEA-O01lJASI TRANSMISSION lINL. - IIS The only realistic possibility of health effects come from the magnetic field component of EMF which is not significantly shielded inside the body. Table 4.2 shows examples of magnetic field levels from different sources. 'I'able 4.2. Indicative values of magnetic fields (after Campion, 1997) Source of Magnetic Field Typical value of power frequency magnetic fields micro Tesla (gT) The Earth's static magnetic field 50 Ficlds that occur naturally in the body 50 Oscillating 110/220 V current in houses 0.01-0.05 Directly under oscillating high voltage 3-10 transmission lines Electric razor close to head 60 It is the study of these magnetic fields and a potential link to cancer (especially in children), that lias caused so muchi controversy over the past 20 years. A detailed presentation of the history of Medical Researcih into EMF and cancer is attached in Annex 4-3 The world's largest independent epidemiological investigation (the study of incidence of disease across defined populations and possible causes), is currently being conducted by the UK Childlhood Cancer Study. The survey looked at every child with leukaemia in the UK over a four-year period. Results, published in December 1999, for the effect of magnetic fields on cancer have and found nothing to link childhood cancer to magnetic fields from electricity supply. The results conclude: 'This study provides no evidence that exposure to magnetic fields associated i'iith the electricity supply in the UK increases risks foir childhood leukaenzia, cancers of the centrcal nervous system or any olher childhood cancer. ' To date over 10, 000 scientific papers have been produced on EMF and over eighty independent and authoritative scientific panels have concluded that it has not been established that mains frequency EMF cause adverse human health effects. Relasl -Mouchel/VRAIPOTIJEIS 91 I'RES'I-I:A-oILJASI 'I'RANSMISSION LINE - I:IS * Potential EMF impacts of the proposed Prestea - Obuasi Line. Immediately below overhead power lines the maximum electric and magnetic fields encountered at ground level are shown on Table 4.3 Table 4.3 Maximum Electric and Magnetic Fields below power lines Line voltage Magnetic field ItT Electric ficld kV/m 275 000 40 7.7 132 000 I1 3.8 33 000 7 0.7 I1 000 7 0.2 415 1 <0.001 (source: The National Grid Company and NRPB) The proposed Prestea-Obuasi transmission line will operate at 161 kV which suggests a magnetic field of 15-20JiT and an electric field of 4-6kV/m. The magnetic field beneath a 400,000 volt overhead transmission line falls off rapidly with distance and reaches typical background levels within two or three hundred metres of the power line. Likewise. the electric field strength decreases rapidly away from the line and is at typical ambient levels of up to 10 volts per metre at about I00m, distance"'. Figure 4-5 shows the reduction in a magnetic field for various EMF producers including a 400kV transmission line. Rclal -Mouclhc/VRA/i'OTUr3IS 92 PIRI SIl A-OIWAsY IRANSN1IS.I()N lIN I -I' 1 1mT - I10pT im~~~~~~~~~6acPT 100 nT l Op 0-1~ ~ 110 tOD 2 Magnetic field versus distance for a 4D0 kV overhead transmission linie measured at Romney Mlarsh in the south-easl of England (red), a 400 kV undorqround cable in central Londoni lblue;, an electric can opener (purple) l i,guIC 4-5: RZeCucLtion in1I.MI with distance lor diffieciit l.MI cmiters" * Hluman hcalth imp.act lieie are tw\o lorms of' possible c lIeCts on 11huLIall health, dilecCC cffects resultinIg froni0 tIe Interaction of lic ENIMI: l with the huliLanll body anid inidirect celicts resultilng lolim an iliteraction hCt\CeCII thC FIMF. all extCrnlal object suLCi as a vehicle or other mietalliC structure alid th1e humlian blodly. a. D)irect cffccts: Ihlie pr-edicted EIMF levels below tilc powcrlintc ar-c wcll below the N1'RI13 ptuidelines stated on page 4-26. c ixi -Mm,idicl/V RA/'(i I I /1 IS 93 I'RESTILA-01UASI TRANSMISSION l .NI: - I:IS This limit is to guard against acute effects, the NRPB having decided that the evidence on cancer is not sufficient to justify setting limits. The only potential human health impact lics in the contentious link to cancer explored in the literature review, which concluded that at present this should not be considercd a significant impact. If there is any potential impact it will be within a short distance of the transmission line because the magnetic field strength diminishes rapidly with distance. The magnetic fields of the 161,000 volt transmission line should reach background levels at approximately one to two hundred metres. b. Indirect effects: An electrically grounded person touching an ungrounded metallic object in a static or oscillating field may draw electric current from the object and may experience a micro shock (spark discharge). These effects are limited by the presence of safcty features called multiple carthings. Pace makers or other electrically or magnetically sensitive prosthetic devices may be affected by l MF lowcr thani those that correspond to the basic restrictions but thesc effects are very rare. Advice on their usc should be obtained from the manaufacturers or thosc respolnsible for implanting such devices. * Fear impact Perhaps the most serious impact is the perceived danger of the transmission lines. Electromagnetic fields are not generally understood by the public. They calnot be fclt, tasted, seen, or touclied. Added to the fear that it may cause cancer or harm children, this could create paniic. In the UK and other developed countries, this has been known to affect property prices and mobilise local action against the construction of new transmission lines. * Mitigation of EMF effects Location: The first major mitigative measure is to build power lines away from pcople/settlements. It is essential that new transmission lines are built away from existing homes. Rclast - Mouclhi/NRA/POTULEIS 94 PRI:S'I I:A-01UASI TRANSMISSION LINF - EIS However, once the line is built the utility may have no control over people who choose to build homes close to or underneath the line in contravention of the existing regulations. Earthing: The largest source of average population exposure to magnetic fields is the protective multiple earthing of low-voltage distribution networksv. Earthing reduces the chances of people getting electric shocks and the chances of any shocks being fatal. To remove this source of exposure would be a trade off of a hypothetical reduction in an unknown risk from magnetic Fields for a real increase in electric shiock casualties. Screening: Electric fields can be shielded easily while magnetic fields cannot. Buildings typically screen electric fields by a factor of 10-100. Magnetic fields pass through most materials iicludinig the carth and buildings. It is mainly this characteristic which has focused rccent attention on magnetic rather than electric fields. Communication: The electricity providcrs lhave a responsibility to address peoples' conccrins and to address theni without causing unnecessary alarm or concern. However, the utility should not pro-actively communicate with people who have not expressed a concern for two reasons. If somethilng is an actual public healthi issue it would be the utilities' duty to tell the public about it and clearly if there is widespread concerm, it would be right to deal with the concern. I-lowever, in this case there is little evidence of harm and low levels of public concern. Tlicrcfore to communicate pro-actively would create anxiety and alarm where none exists at pi'csent. doing more harm than good. However, during the implemenitation phase, the necessary coiimmunity education shall be effected. 4.5.4 Payment of Compensation Thc need for establishinlg and protecting the RoW for the transmission line is a must for the safety of the lines and the public as a whole. However, a major issue of concern for the Rclast - Mouchel/VRA/PO IIJEIS 95 PRI:S l'I.A-()13lASI 'I'RANSMISSION l.lNI - I.IS implementation of the project has to do with the payment of compensation for lands acquired for the RoW. * VRA's Procedurcs for acquisition of RoW and paymcnt of compensation VRA acquires land for the RoW under the provisions of the Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Act, 1963 (Act 186) and the Volta River Development Act, 1961 Act (46). The VRA (Transmission Lines Protection) Regulations, 1967 (LI 542) regulates activities within the RoW. Both Acts 46 and 186 provide that compensation must be paid to people whose estate or interests are injuriously affected by the acquisition of RoW. The procedure for applying for compensation is duly outlined in the Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Regulations, L.l. 334, with a sample form provided for the use of potential applicants. Compensation may be claimed for damages caused by survey works as well as damages arising from actual site works. In addition, L.I. 346, whici is an amendment of L.I. 334, outlines the procedure for appealing against compensation awards. The Ghana Land Policy, 1999 provides guidelines and policy actions for the various forms of land use - agricultural, forestry, extractive, human settlement, infrastructure etc. These are aimed at enhanicing conservation of environmental quality, preserving options for the present and future genierations and securing human sustenance. Amonloig the key objectives of the Land policy which are of relevance to the POTL project are: * Protection of the rights of landowners * Ensuring paymenlt, within reasonable time, of fair and adequate compensationi for land acquired * Promoting community participation and public awareness at all levels in sustainiable land maniagement. IFurtherilmore, the 1992 Coilstitutioln of Ghana by Articie 20, prescribes that fair and adequate compensation should be paid to all persons affected by state acquisitions. Rclast -Mouchcl/VRAMPOTIAIEIS 96 PRESTlA-Oil3UASI 1TRANSMISSION LINE - EIS The procedures used by VRA to ensure that all persons affected by the transmission line project are catered for are outlined overleaf: 1. Referencing of all properties, both crops and buildings, by officers of the Land Valuation Board (LVB) to be supervised by Estate Surveyors from Real Estate and Environment Department of VRA. 2. Assessment of the compensatable values would be done by the LVB and the valuation advice forwarded to VRA. 3. The assessed report would be vetted and corrections effected where necessary to ensure that the amounts are accurate and fair to the Authority. These would theln be processed for payment. 4. Offers would be made to the claimants on the basis of the LVB's advice. 5. Claimants dissatisfied with the offer have a right to petition for reconsideration. In this regard, such claimants are required to submit counter proposals supported by valuation prepared by private valuers of their choice. 6. The private reports are considered by VRA in conjunction with the LVB to ensure that claimants are treated fairly. 7. Where necessary the dissatisfied victims would be invited to negotiate and arrive at acceptable figures. Community conccrns It was widely claimed by the affected persons during the interviews, that VRA usually takes pieces of land belonging to individuals as "access to RoW" for their transmission line. Commllunity leaders are of the view that VRA does not properly acquire such lands. As such. VRA does not pay compensation to individuals who have not yet put their lands to use. Members of some communities also indicated that it is not safe to farm on the RoW for health rteasons. Therefore, the community mcmbers do not understand why people are not compenisated lor the land they lose to VRA for their power transmission purposes. Rcl:ast -Mouchcl/VRA/IOlTUEIS 97 PRES rEA-01JASI TRANSMISSION lINL - IIS This practice of "obtaining access to RoW" instead of outright land acquisition by VRA is considered by the majority of the opinion leaders contacted during the survey as exploitation. They therefore called for a review of this practice during the implemcntation of the POTL project. Other issues raised by opinion leaders include delays in payment of compensation and failure to compensate for crops and properties that are usually destroyed when such projects are carried out. According to them, some of the consequences of delayed payment of compensation is that some affected persons end up losing their claim documents, and either lose everything or go thl-ough a lot of difficulties before receiving their compensation. Other concerns expressed by some opinion leaders and community members have to do with survey damages to crops on the proposed transmission line route, during the initial survey work. According to the complainants, no information was taken from the affected persons by the surveyors to show whether or not those damages will be compensated for. From thic responses (Annex 3-7, Table#]14), the fears expressed by most of the respondenits have to do with being denied access to their farms, which are their only source of income (59.4%). In addition, there are fears that the disbursement of compensation funds will be delaycd. Otlhcr fcars expressed conccrn the inadequacy of compensation commensuralc with damagcd crops (9.9%) and lands that will not be compensated for because there are no crops/property on thcm. According to the respondents such lands for the RoW will be permanently taken without con1pcnsationi being paid to the owners. * Comnients on thlc compensation issues It is obvious from the foregoing that VRA pays compensation only for the structures and crops tlhal arc dcstroycd duriiig the implcmentation of the project and not for the value of the land affccted (including future land use). This is the main issue of contention from the point of view of the affected farmers, since after payment for the actual crops destroycd is rcceived, thcy can no longer farm freely within the RoW. They therefore expect to be paid fully for the value of the Rcktsl -MoucheI1VRI'0Pl lJEIS 98 PRESTEA-01311ASI lTKANSMlISSION IANI - LIS land "lost". For some of the farmners, delays in payment of compensation could affect them adversely as credit facilities for such farmers are non existent. * Plan of Action The proposed plan of action on compensation is in line with World Bank policy which requires that all land holders, including explicitly those holding under various forms of traditional or customary tenure, are to be compensated for loss of the land. In the light of the concerns raised by the communities, and considering the current developments in participatory approach to resolving social conflicts, the following will apply: 1. The procedure for payment of compensation for affected persons shall be reviewed to ensure that "fair" and adequate compensation covers loss of future land use and prices shall reflect the prevailing market values. 2. Since most of the farmers are illiterates, District Assemblies shall be involved in thc whlolc comipcnsationl process to safeguard their interests. 3. Compenisationi payments shall be handlcd promptly to avoid imposing undue hardslhip on the rural farmers and also avoid any conflicts with the communities. As discussed in Chapter 1, the requirements of the Energy Commission for, obtaining permits for development projects in the energy sector include proper title to lands on which the project is Imlplemented. Considering the objectives of the Land Policy, it is obvious that there are conflicts betwecin thc carlicr legislation on RoWs (Act 186, Act 46, LI 334, LI 346) and the Transmission Lincs Protectioni regulations (LI 542). It is therefore recommended thiat all these laws should be reviewed and harmiionized where necessary. Tihls position has becn supported by the Executivc Secretary of the Energy Commissioni during thc subsequcnl consultationls held to discuss the EIS review comments. Rclast - Mouch,cl/VRA/1OTlIJI.IS 99 I'RI:STEA-013JASI TRANSMISSION lINF - I-IS The Energy Commission has determined to initiate action towards the harmonizationi of all legislation affecting the acquisition of land for energy based utility supplies. VRA will offer tihe necessary cooperation to ensure that these issues are reso]vcd in the best interest of all stakeholders. References for EMF discussions 'Moulder, J.E. (2000) Electromagnetic fields and Human Health. Medical College of Wisconsin www.mcw.edu/gcrc/cop/powerlines-cancer-FAQ/toc.html " Moulder, J.E. (2000) Electromagnetic fields and Human Health. Medical Collegc of Wisconsin www.mcw.edu/gcrc/cop/powerl ines-cancer-FAQ/toc.htmI National Grid (UK) data, www.national rid.com/uk/environment/mnn_emf.htrill Swanson, J Renew, D. and Wilkinson, N (1996) Powerlines and health. Physics World Nov. 1996 Swanson, J. (I1998) How should a responsible utilily react to ihe EMF issue? Paper presented at ithe conference, Mechanisms and Consequences of Power Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposures, held at Bristol University on 2 41t- 2 5 Ih September 1998. Rclast - Mouclicl/VRA/I'OTUEIS 100 F~~~~~~~~~ LEGEND A - CONSTRUCTION ACCESS TRACK -FULLY CLEARED/GRADED -3.5m x 1 Skmi APPROX 1S- TOWER CORRIDOR TRACK -FULLY CLEARED/GRADED -3ri x 110km C - TOEER BASE AREA -FULLY CLEARED -5m x 5m x number of lbw/ m D- TOWER BASE BUFFER -SLASH TO 10,m -2m x Sm x 2 No. of Towem E - RIGHT-OF-WAY (RoW) -SLASH AND CUT TREES TO I .25mi- iSin x 2 x FULL LENGTH (110km) i F -AREA BEYOND ROWj CUT ONLY THREATENING TREES PUBLIC ROAD . D ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Fig.4-11SKETCH SHOWING VARIOUS LEVELS OF VEOETATION CLEARING IN PROJECT AREA PRESTEA-OBUASI 161Kv TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT ENLARGED TOPOGRAPHIC MAP SHOWING THE TRANSMISSION LINE CROSSING THE EDGE OF THE OPON-MANSI FOREST RESERVE Fig 4-2 LEGEND Refast ------*TRANSMISSION LINE Mouchel - - *BORDER OF FOREST RESERVE PRESTEA- OBUASI 161 KV TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT ENLARGED TOPOGRAPHIC MAP SHOWING THE TRANSMISSION LINE CROSSING THE EDGE OF DENYAU SHELTER BELT FOREST RESERVE Fig 4-3_ LEGEND Refast TRANSMISSION LINE T BF BORDER OF FOREST RESRVE Mouchel Chapter 5 Monitoring PREST:A-I131JASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS 5 MONITORING It is important that appropriate monitoring criteria are established to verify the predicted impacts of the project on the environment and adjust the mitigation measures wlhere necessary. Monitoring programmes would be instituted and carried out to cover the under listed areas and relevant records would be kept to ensure compliance with sound environmental practices recommended in this study. The project environmental coordinator shall oversee and report all monitoring activities and results to the Director of Real Estate and Environrment Department, VRA. The monitoring criteria are outlined under the following iheadings: * Construction Phase * Waste nmanagement * Operations and Maintenance Phase * Socio-ecoiionmic/cultural issues 5.1 Constructional Phase * Transportation Guidelines provided under section IV of the VRA corporate safety rules 1993 concerning equipment, motor vehicles and transportation of personnel and materials shall be applied and closely monitored and recorded. These will include monitoring the following activities: * Speed Limits of vehicles, traffic congestion on main roads (near project sites) * Trucks conditionis and maintenance * Vehicular accident records * Vehicle safety signals (flares, warning liglhts, reflectors etc) * Vehicle fueling procedures * Vehicle loading/off loading procedures * Vchicle daily check outs * Driving licenises and permit to drive * First Aid and Fire Extinguishing kit ReLast . MoumidelRAf/10TAJEIS 101 PRESTEA-OBUJASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS Civil Works Activities to be monitored under civil works will cover safe working practices in accordance with VRA Corporate Safety Rules 1963 and Factories, Offices and Shops Act !970 (Act 328). Monitoring criteria would include: * Protective clothing and working gear * Noise levels (settlements, shrines, etc) * Plant and equipment maintenance * Safety Test - lifting plant gears (wires, hoisting blocks etc,) * Dewatering operations * Concrete works * Water quality (rivers/streams) * Fire patrols (site camps) * Dust levels (settlements/watercourses) * Waste management and disposal * Vcgetation Clearing Clcaring of vegetation cover at tower tracks, constructioh accesses, and right-of-way shall be Illonlitorcd under the following activities: * Tree felling (forcst reserves) * Clearing of farms lands * Clearing of right of way (vegetation cut only to 1.25m height) * Clearing of tower track (graded width 2.5m-3m) * Clcaring access tracks (graded width 3.5m) 5.2 Wastc Management * Burninig of waste bush * Waste water hlanidling * Waste segregation * Waste dump sites * Disposal of conductor drums * Disposal of metallic waste * Disposal of empty chemical containers Rclast - Mouchcl/VRA/I'OTUEIS 102 PRESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS 5.3 Operation and Maintenancc Phase * Use of weed and tree killers (Garlon2E and Folar) * Routine ground/aerial inspection of lines * Towers (vandalism, corrosion) * Insulators and accessories (damages, replacements) * -Accidents involving lines and structures * Occupational hazards and accidents * Accidents affecting public safety * Substations - oily wastes, transformer oil (PCBs) 5.4 Socio-economic/cultural issues * Shrines * Sacred Grove * Identifying all affected persons * Assessment of compensation * Payment of compensation (adequate amounts, timely payments) * Employment and job creation * Standard of living of local residents Comprehensive record keeping and documentation shall be maintained for the above as proposed in the Provisional Environmental Management Plan in Chapter 7. Rclast - Mouchcl/VRANPOTUEIS 103 Chapter 6 Consideration Df Alternatives PRESTEA-OBUASI T RANSMISSION LINFI - FINAL FIS 6 CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES During the project planning stages and as a major component of this EIA assignmient, various alternatives have been considered and these are discussed below. 6.1 "No-development" scenario As indicated earlier in section 1.3, the National transmission network currently faces severe constraints particularly on the Western sector. System studies and observations have shown that the existing transmission system is not capable of withstanding single contingencies involving loss of the following line segments: i. Akosombo - Kumasi ii. Obuasi - New Obuasi iii. Aboadze - Winneba iv. Prestea - Bogosu The loss of any of the first three (i - iii) above results in transmission line overloads on the Prestea - Bogosu line section, with unacceptable voltages in the Northern and South-Westerm scctors. Under such circumstances, some sections of the line have been observed to sag rather scvcrely especially during periods of high ambient temperatures (30°C - 40°C) and this creates very dangerous conditions. The loss of the Prestea - Bogosu line results in total collapse of the transmission system. The expected commissioning of additional generation capacity in the Western part of Ghana (300 MW at Aboadze and 140 MW GNPC plant as Effasu) further affects the capability of the transmission network to support the delivery of power. The Load flow analysis reveals that under suclh conditions, the loss of any segment of the transmission system will result in a total system collapsc. Rctiast - Mouchcl/VRA/POTUEIS 104 PRIESTIA-O01tJASI TRANSMISSION LINE - I:INAL lIS It is thus envisaged that the commissioning of the POTL project by this year, 2000, will provide the system with the needed reinforcement to maintain its reliability. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that system losses are reduced by about 8.4 MW as compared to the case without the POTL. Incorporating the new line into the studies shows substantial gains for the period 2000 - 2005. Substantial energy gains for the period 2000 - 2005 due to reduced system losses. The estimated energy gains are as follows: 2000 - 39 GWh 2001 - 54 GWh 2002 - 69 GWh 2003 - 53 GWh 2004 - 38 GWh 2005 - 22 GWh Witlh the POTL project estimated to cost about US$ 12.5 Million, and using a cost of unscrvcd energy of 0;25 cents/kWh and a discount rate of 10%, the Net Present Value of Economic Benefits is estimated at about US$ 65 Million. A "'no-development" option will therefore leave the entire National transmission system at very scvere risk with sustained losses. This condition will also adversely affect VRA's energy transactions with La Cote d'lvoire and also with Togo and Benin Republics. 6.2 Upgrading cxisting facilities A possible alternative to constructing the new line could be replacing the existinig towers with double circuit towers. This option will mean that the Ruling Span, a factor that reflects the electrical and mechanical strength of the lines, would change and a completely new line and towver design would become necessary. RcIsim - MouchclNVRAPOTUEIS 1 05 PRlESTLA-Oi30ASI TRANSMISSION LINI. - FINAL. IS Furthermore, double circuit towers will require new tower foundations to support the heavier structures that result from the double circuit configuration. 1lowever, considering the urgent need for the implementation of the POTL project, this option is not feasible as it will require an extensive period of outage on the existing line with no supplies to the mines and surrounding communities and will place even more severe stress on the remainder of the network. 6.3 Alternativc modes of transmission Apart from overhead transmission, the other altemative mode of transmission considered is underground transmission. Within the existing VRA network, underground cables are used mainlly in the NED operational areas and in limited situations over very short distances ( i.e. linkages to some ECG Bulk Supply points). For the high voltage and the length under consideration for the POTL project, (i.e. 161 kV over approximately 110 kim), this option is very expensive as the underground cables (conductors) will requirc a high level of insulation. In addition, the cable route will have to be ducted and there will be severe constraints at various points on the route which passes througlh difficult undulating terrain with steep highlands and deep valleys. Similarly, there will be further constrainits at points where there will be the need to traverse streams, rivers and other natural obstacles. Mainteniance of underground transmission systems is also very expensive and takes much longer timc as specialized equipment are needed for fault detection and repairs. This could mean longer oLtages in the event of faults developing on the line. As meniitionied earlier in Chapter 2, a major positive benefit of the POTL project is the proposal to usc composite optic fibrc wire (OPGW) in place of one of the conventional shield wires in the ovclihead transmission network. Rcust- MoulichelIVRANlOTIJAIS 106 PRESTEA-OBUASI T RANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS Over thle years VRA has established a communication system using the OPGW network on the south-eastern lines (from Akosombo through Kpong to Kumasi) and along the south-western line (from Akosombo through Tema to Takoradi and Prestea) (see Fig. 6-1). The OPGW network is operated by VOLTACOM, a VRA subsidiary, and is providing very valuable communication (voice and data transmission) services to many corporate bodies in areas along the line. As part of the implementation of the POTL project, VRA intends to extend the OPGW line from Prestea through Obuasi to Kumasi (see Fig. 6-2). VOLTACOM would then be able to service customers in the mining areas who have severe telecommunication constraints. Even more significant is the fact that this phase (i.e. POTL project) will result in completing the loop for the OPGW network in Southern Ghana and will ensure system reliability under varying possible fault conditions as communications can be re-routed along the loop to by pass any damaged portions. This advantage could be lost with the underground option. 6.4 Altcrnative tower design and matcrial A further alternative considered is the type of material used for the towers and their designs. Fower structures depend on the level of voltage and capacity of the line. Wood is used either as siniglc pole towers for up to 46 kV (e.g. as used by VRA in their NED domestic network and by IICG extensively in Ghana for their 33 kV and 11 kV networks), or as "H-frame" towers (see Plate 3) for voltages ranging from over 46 kV to 230 kV (e.g. in Canada for their 115 kV). Ilowever for the POTL project which will transmit power at 161 kV, the best option is self- suprI)OtlLing stlCC lattice towers. Apart- from the need to conserve forests, other constraints with the use of wood include the hciglht limitations in relation to the requircd minimum clearance, which will mean much shorter spans and more towers. Rclast -Mouchc/VRA/POTIJEUS 107 PRESTIA-O01WlJASI TRANSMISSION LINE - IINAI. IIS In addition, wood is susceptible to degradation by termite attack (special chemical treatmellt nceded) and by bush fires, which are quite common in parts of Ghana and could place the liie at severe risk. Concrete is another possible altemative material that may be considered in tower design. Here again the choice is limited by level of voltage and the height requirements for maintaining safe clearances between the lines and ground. Concrete has been used in the domestic ECG network in the form of reinforced concrete poles (using iron rods) for low voltage transmission and for street light supports (see Plate 4). It has been observed that in the harslh environments near the coast and in the mining areas, the iron corrodes over relatively short periods of use and the concrete poles become rather fragile and pose severe risks to the system and to public safety. 6.5 Altcrnativc routes A major component of the EIA has been the consideration of the best possible route for thle POTL project. The route for the new line has been proposed to run alongside the existing line with deviations in way of the major settlements of Bogosu and Dunkwa (see Fig. 1-2 and 1-3). Considering the various environmental factors discussed earlier in Chapters 3 and 4, and from the above discussions, it is considered that the POTL project, using steel towers and running genlerally along the proposed route, with the recommended diversions, is the best option for the required system reinforcement. Rclast - Mouchcl/VRA/POTUEIS 108 I~~~~~~1X i 9- / WE N /;= w Stw~~~~~~~~~AiATI P:K) KPN _SLIADO /DORMAAvCBSIAMON { - ~~~~~~OAS. Ah'E-90.W v I ~~~~~~~~t WA- e F,, SU'I SWE ArXo r \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Cd ' hAS EGIrN \ S i SIAnON f | . s - -~~~~~FE_6K L N \ [KNKWA v !A 1AK',^ \ S1GSlAI' I } gJ~~~~~~~~~~~Isno V \ peFGrOKJ -- ) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TkN490 \_\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~UE1 Frr.EOW; l JECA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OG g 16iKV_ 'RESIFA _ SlBfS~~~~~~r%k%MC WIH _ .._ i,ESrAMoN c ~~~~~~~~~U* '~~~~~~~~~~~---CPG ra°sio:rDF \ S W X V " D + + F-FUURM POFVRAOPWNETWOR Chapter 7 Provisional EMP And Training PRElSTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - I INAL EIS 7 PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND TRAINING This section outlines a provisional environmental management plan and identifies training needs, to ensure sound environmental practices during the various stages of the project. It discusses and allocates appropriate resources for items discussed under mitigation and monitoring. Issues relating to training will also be addressed in this section. Environmental personnel preferably from the Environmental Department (VRA), will be appointed to oversee site construction activities and monitor specific environmental criteria. Thesc personnel once adequately trained will carry on into the operational phase of the project. The provisional plan discussed in this section has taken into consideration guidelines provided in the ISO 14000 which deals with Quality Standards associated with the management of the environment. 7.1 Environmental Management Structure TIhc corporate structure of the VRA provides for a department of Real Estatc andl Environmnelt headed by a Director. (Fig 7-1) A Project environmental team (preferably from environment department) headed by an cnvironmental coordinator will be appointed and would work under the existing Real Estates and Einvironmiiient department (Fig. 7-2). The project environmental team would be directly responsible for all environmental issues at the pre-constructional and constructional phase of the project. Management of the post constructional operational phase would be incorporated into the Authority's Corporate Environmental Management Plan, which is presently administered by the Real Estate and Environlment department. RcfasI -Mouchcl/VRAtlOTUEIS 109 PRESTEA-013UASI T RANSMISSION lINL - FINAI LIS 7.1.1 Qualifications of Projcct Environmcntal Pcrsonncl The major environmental specialities associated with the management of electrical transmission line projects such as this are ecological and social impact assessment. In addition familiarity with hcalth and safety management would be necessary. Personnel with good background in these areas shall be engaged to form the environmental team. Training of appointed environmental staff who constitute this team would be necessary to meet these requirements. 7.1.2 Functions of Project Environmcntal Team. Thc functions of the team will include: * Ensuring project compliance with all relevant environmental, health and safety regulations * Liaison witlh all relevant rcgulatory bodies and organizations - EPA, Factories Inspectorate, Encrgy Commissioni (Inspectoratc unit) * Formiulation and review of environmental policies and practices associated with the project. * Liaison bctweeni VRA Transmission Department and Real Estatcs and Environlmiienit Department on all environlmental matters connected to the project. * Education and training of project staff in environmental and safcty awarencss. * Make budgetary provisions for project environmental programmes * Undertaking environmental monitoring activities for the project RCIasI -Mouchcl/VRA/POTUEIS 110 PRESTEA-013UASI TRANSMISSION l.NIN - FINAL EIS 7.1.3 Project Environmcntal Coordinator The coordinator shall be responsible for all environmental matters associated with the project. He will work closely with the project contractors but would report directly to the Director of Real Estate and Environment. The coordinator should preferably be either an ecologist or a sociologist with experience in involuntary resettlement and preferably familiar with World Bank policies. Special environmental training in ecological and social impact assessment programmes would be necessary for the selected candidate who does not have this background. The responsibilities of the coordinator shall include: * Monitoring all environmental programmes for pre-construction and construction phases of the project, including those related to bio-physical and socio-economic/cultural components. * Working closely with project contractors to ensure that all monitoring and mitigation guidelines recommendations for the project are strictly adhered to during the phases. This will include following all heath and safety guidelines outlined and following strictly the Authority's environmental policy guidelines. * To organise activities to motivate and maintain the interest of project staff in environmental issues * To increase project staff awareness of environmental issucs througlh trainiing programmes and revicw meetings * To coordinate investigations on all types of accidents. * To conduct cnvironmental audits in accordance with project monitoring guidcliles. * lTo serve as liaison between project contractors, the Authority and relevant regulatory agencies. RCast - Mouchcl/VRA/POTUEIS 111 PRESTEA-OBUASI T RANSMISSION LINE - I:INAL EIS 7.1.4 Project Environmental Assistants Responsibilities of the 2 assistants would include mainly assisting the project coordinator in his environmental duties. They would report directly to the coordinator. Appointed personnel for this position should have a background in sociology or ecology. Experience with environmental work relating to transmission line project will be useful. However, if selected personnel lack this background, short training programmes in this area may be organised. 7.2 General Health and Safety Procedurcs The Authority's health and Safety Rules (1993) and guidelines provided in the Factories, Offices and Shops Act, 1970 (Act 328) given below would be strictly complied with at all stages (pre- constructional, constructional, operational) of the project. These regulations cover the major safety areas. Further details of the two major safety sections (forestry work and line work) relating to this project are also outlined below. * General Safety Rules for workers engaged in construction, operation or maintenance work. * Safety guidelines related to the use of tools and equipment * Safety procedures associated with the transportation and of personnel and materials * Safety procedures in relation to Forestry work. * Safety procedures relating to Transmission line work. * Safcty procedures for materials handling, storage and disposal RcImsM- Mouchcl/VRNIWl'UEIS 112 PRl STl A-OlUASI IRANSMISSION LINE - I:INAL. LIS 7.2.1 Safety guidelincs for Forcstry work Important guidelines provided in the VRA Corporate Safety Rules 1993 for forestry work (rules 600 to 615) must be strictly adhered to. These include: * Protection for work * Working near live conductors * Permission to work on public roads and nearby properties * Disposal of bush * Felling trees * Reporting location of forestry work * Climbing precautions 7.2.2 Safety guidelines for Transmission Line work. Some of the important safety guidelines (line work) to be followed as per VRA Corporate Safety rules 1993 (rules 700 to 826) include: * Transportation and handling of transmission towers * Climbing precautions * Installation of towers * Installing ground rods * Stringing, sagging or lowering conductors * De-energizing new circuits * Trimming of tree branches * General safety rules for work on live lines Relast - Moticuicl/VRA/I'OTLEIS 113 PRESTLA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL LIS 7.3 Pollution Prcvcntion In addition to safety guidelines relating to health and safety, strict pollution prevention guidelines will also be enforced during all phases to the project. Most pollution incidents are avoidablc if careful planning and management procedures are instituted. Pollution prevention measures are much more cheaper to implement than costly clean up after the incident. For the prevention measures to be.effective, the environmental team shall first be adequately trained in pollution prevention for this assignment. Some of the important pollution prevention guidelines to be followed for this project will include the following: 7.3.1 Planning and Preparation Careful planning can reduce the risk of pollution significantly. As a first step, environmenital site meecctiigs shall bc organised bctween the local EPA officer, the project team and contractors prior to commencciilemlt and durilg construction operations. 7.3.2 Site Offices (Basc Camp) Project sitc camps/offices shall be adequately protected by fences and locked acccsses where possible. A common cause of pollution is by acts of theft and vandalism. Security personnel shall be engaged at site offices/yards. Carc shall be taken to ensure that contaminated site drain water does not lead into nearby rivers and streams. Fire precautions to observed at site offices shall include: * provision of adequate and suitable portable fire extinguishers Rcast -Mouchcl/VRA/POTUEIS 114 PRESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAI. 1-IS * Adequate ventilation for storage rooms containing flammable chemicals * No smoking signals posted at sensitive locations such as fuel storage points * Handling of flammable liquids by competent personnel only * Rags soaked with flammable liquids to be stored in metal containers and disposed safely 7.3.3 Storage, Handling and Disposal of Materials / Oils / Chemicals The Authority's Corporate Safety Rules 1993 (section ix) regarding above shall be strictly adhered to. In addition, the following guidelines shall also be followed in the handlilng of mnaterials, oils and chemicals. * Materials shall be stored in an orderly manner and in safe stacks, tiers or piles. Material shall not be stored so as to obstruct passageways. Where necessary warning signals, lights and barricades shall be provided. * Most chemical used in construction operations such as oils, chemicals, cement, cleaning matcrials, and paint have potential pollution hazards. All such chemicals shall be stored on an impervious base within a bund wall to contain any spillages. * The Authority's corporate safety rule (rule 219) concerning the use and handling of toxic and hazardous material shall be strictly complied with. * Leaking or empty oil / chemical drums shall be removed from the site and safely disposed * Contents of all tanks / drums containing chemicals shall be clearly marked. * Disposal of all tanks and drums shall be done safely. All contents of tanks/drums to be disposcd shall be emptied and perforated by competent pcrsonnel before final safe disposal. Rcl.asl -Mouchcl/VRAPOTIJEIS 115 I'RESTI.A-OI1UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL AIS * Refueling of project equipments (cranes, heavy plant equipment) and vehicles may constitutc the greatest spillage risks. Accordingly, these shall be done in designated areas with impermeable surfaces located away from drains or watercourses. Drip trays and spill kits shall - be immediately available. Fuel hoses and valves shall be regularly checked for leakages and wear and tear. * Emergency spillage cleanup procedures shall be clearly outlined. Absorbent materials for containing spillages shall always be available on site. These may include sawdust, sand, etc. 7.3.4 Concrete Works. The construction of the tower pads and the minor extensions at the substations involve concrete works. Concrete and cement are very alkaline and corrosive and can have serious pollution impacts on watercourses. Therefore, all concrete works shall be carefully monitored to ensure that such material do not contaminate nearby streams and rivers. 7.3. 5 Silty Watcr Discharge. Construction works in swampy areas may necessitate dewatering of excavations. Silty water could also arise from run off from the exposed tower track surfaces, graded access tracks and the washing of plant and vehicle wheels. The following guidelines shall be followed where necessary to avoid pollution of surface water sourccs and damage to river ecosystems: * When discharging clean water to river courses pumping rates shall be carefully controlled to avoid disturbing riverbeds and eroding or creating silty river water damage. * Where possibic cut off ditches shall be provided to prevent surface water from cntering into excavations. As much as possible water collected in excavations shall not bc disturbed. Rclast - Mouchcl/VRA/POTUEIS 116 PRESTFA-013UASI T RANSMISSION L.NIN- FINAI I:IS * The amount of soil stockpiles shall always be kept to the barest minimum. 7.4 Wastc Disposal. The major sources of waste would be that from vegetation clearing activities. A common way of bush disposal is by burning. The following guidelines shall be followed in the disposal of bush by this method (burning). * Starting of fires shall be governed by local fire regulations * Permission shall be obtained from relevant local Authorities * Location of burning shall be chosen so that there is minimum danger to surrounding vegetation or settlements * Burning shall not take place under power or communication lines or at locations where smoke might interfere with road traffic. * All fires shall be completely quenched with water or soil after burning and all steps taken to prevent re-ignition and spread. Other major sources of waste would be packing materials such as wood, plastics, metal scraps etc. Appropriate waste bins shall be provided at site for collection and disposal through public waste disposal system. 7.5 Managemcnt of Work Camp Based on information gathered from consultations with SAE - SADELMI, wlho have been the main contractors on several previous VRA transmission line projects, it is expected that the project will take 12 to 18 months to complete. The main construction campsite would be located at Dunkwa, about midway along the proposed route and the total workers required would be about 200. Among the main requirements for the work camp are: Rclasl - Mouchcl/VRA/POTUEIS 117 PREST EA-Ol3UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL. EIS i. The conlractor shall supply and maintaini contractor's own portable accommodation, offices, stores, and workshops. ii. The contractor shall provide transport, welfare, services (water, electricity, firefighting) and such other facilities for the workers at the camp site. iii. The contractor shall provide adequate latrine facilities and shall keep same in a clean and sanitary condition to the satisfaction of the District Public Health authorities. iv. The contractor shall provide drains from the camp site linking to existing public drainage system. Where there is no adequate public drainage, the contractor shall construct as suitable soakaway for collection of site drains. Suitable pits for incinieration of solid wastes shall also be provided. v. The contractor shall provide adequate accesses including footpatlhs to the camp and maintain same in good condition. VI. Strict regulations shall be instituted at the camp to ensure that activities of workers living at the camp site (especially foreign workers) do not pose a threat to the social order of the local community. vii. Adequate regulations shall be prescribed to ensure that workers do not pollute the local environmllenit througlh indiscriminate urination and defecation outside the camp site. v'ill. Safety precautions shall be enforced in all aspects of camp activities. Fire extinguishers shall be located prominently at vantage points and all the workers shall be instructed in their use. * Dccommissioning of Work Camp At the comiipletioni of the project, and upon handing over and acceptance by VRA, thie contractor shall take steps to close down the work camp. The decommissioning will involve: I. All portable housing units shall be removed from the site. Temporary structures shall be dismanitled and stowed for removal. Rclast - MouchcINRA/POTUEIS 1 18 PRESTEA-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL, EIS ii. All latrine soils shall be suitably disinfected and pits adequately sealed up under tlle supervision of the District Public Health inspectors. iii. Incineration pits for domestic solid wastes shall also be suitably covered and sealed. iv. All public utility service connections (electricity, water, communications etc) shall be removed and adequately sealed off. v. After removable of all structures, the camp site will be adequately restored by planting of grass and trees under the supervision of the District Environmental Unit. 7.6 Training Programme A basic training programme, for project management staff and key personnel of the contractor assigned to the project, in environmental awareness and environmental management will cover the following: I. Basic environmental terminology and definitions 2. Environmental laws, regulations and compliance 3. Ghana EIA procedures (including familiarization with provisions of Environmilelntal Assessmcnt Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652)). 4. Basic elements of Environmental Management Planning 5. Environmental policies 6. l-lealth and Safety policies 7. Impact assessment - identification and prediction techniques 8. Mitigation plans 9. Monitoring 10. Environmental audit 7.7 Allocation of Rcsources for Environmcntal Management Apart from the human resources recommended in 7.1, financial provision shall be made to cnsirc that mitigation commitments (including compensation), monitoring and training programmes can be effectively implemented. Rclast -MouchcINRA/POTTUEIS 119 PRESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINEI - FINAL LIS It is estimated that financial resources for environmental management require up to 1-2 % of the project cost. However with an already established environment department in place, VRA shall make the necessary budgetary provisions to cover all the commitments. clast -Mouchcl/VRAIPOTUEIS 120 PRESTEA-O03UASI T RANSMISSION lINI - IINAL EIS ORGANISATIONAL CHART PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL TEAM Director Real Estate & Environment Project Environmental Coordinator | Project ll Project l Environmental Environmental Assistant Assistant Fig. 7.1 Rcfast -Mouchcl/VRA/MIOTIJEIS 121 PRESTEA-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS Organisation Chart - Environment Section Real Estate & Environment Department (VRA) Director Real Estate & Environment Environmental 'Project Team I Advisory ,Prcstca - Obuasi Committee Trans. Linc Manager Admin Officer Biochemist Landscape Officer Admin. 0 ficer Re-Settlement Unit Pollution Unit Afforestation Unit Administration Unit Fig. 7.2 Relast -Mouchcl/VRA/POTIE1S 122 Chapter 8 Consultations I'RESl -A-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - IJINAI. ILIS 8 CONSULTATIONS - INTERAGENCY AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT This section presents the findings of all the various consultationis held in connection with the proposed Prestea-Obuasi Transmission Line project with the public and relevant agencies. 8.1 Public Consultations Various consultations with the communities were undertaken to notify themii about the proposed project and the impending EIA and to ascertain their concerns and expectations. A summary list of the contacts made is presented in Table 8.1 below. Table 8.1 Summary List of Contacts madec during Preliminary Consultations Community/Organisation Contact Names Position Prestea/Himan Nana Kyei V Himan Chief Mr. Amuzu Assemblyman Sub-Chiefs & Stool elders Bogosu Gold Ltd. Mr. Henry Tandoh Ag. Mine Manager Mr. Henry Atakorah Metallurgical Manager BEogosu Township Mr. Seth V. Gyimah Assemblyman Mr. David Atobrall Sacred Grove keepcr Ayensukrom Kwaku Nti & others Unit Commllittce Insu Siding Nana Ampong lnsu Chief Mr. Adansi Bondah Assemblyman Mr. Addae & others Unit Committee I'remcnso Nana Kwabena Adjci 11 Chiief Elders Asanteayo Kwame Ofori Opinioni Leadcr Abekakrom Ms. Martha Ansong Unit Committee Adadekrom Mr. Adamptey Unit Committee Damang Mr. J.K. Kankam Assemblyman Opon Valley Mr. George Ambre Assemblyman Esaase Nana Addae Ankobeahene Nana Tweneboah Krontihene Esikunma Mr. Kojo Amadu Assemblyimian Abesiwa Nana Gyasehene Gyasehelce Mr. Oliver Sey Assemblyman Mr. Morgan - Asante & Unit Comm11ittec others Upper Denkyira District Mr. Bayorlh Coordinatinlg Director Assembly, Dunlkwa Mr. Ofori Planning Officer Rclast -Mouchcl/VRA/POTlJUES 123 PRI-STlA-013UASI TRANSMISSION lINEI- FINAI l'IS Community/Organisation Contact Names Position Continental Goldfields Wg. Cdr. Kumakor Mines Managcmcnt Air. Cdre Pumpuni Mr. Oware Adamso Mr. Anthony Dongi Assemblyman Adinkra Mr. Ernest Appiah Unit Committee Mr. Sackey Opinion Leader Tweapease Mr. Kwame Boateng Mmrantelhene Mr. Kwabena Bio Opinion Leader Apitisu Mr. Joseph Karikari Unit C'ttee Chairman Opanin Kwasi Appiah Unit C'ttee member Mr. Kwasi Appiah Jnr. Unit C'ttce secretary Apitikooko Nana Ofe Akwasi Odikro Benjamiii Asiedu Unit C'ttee meiber Obuasi Mr. George Adu-Mensah District Chief Executive Ashanti Goldfields Mr. J.A. Amanor Snr. Manager - Geology 8.2 Concerns Raised During thiese initial consultations, various concerns raised by the people contacted were noted and addressed in the EIA. The maini concerns raised are discussed bclow. * Loss of crops and land use Almost all thc communitics contacted raised concerils about the loss of crops, loss of income and loss of land use. Thlcy comzplained about the mode of acquisition and paymclit of compensationi. They indicated that undcr the existing system, those whose lands are affected by VRA and other utiliity projects are only compensated for the crops or structures that have to be destroyed as part of the project implementation . The loss of land use is not considered in the evaluation. * Prcstca substation land owncrshil) and other concerns A Imlctling was hlcd with the Chief of -limian-Prcstca, Nana Kyci V and his council of elders at his palace. In attendance was the Assemblymiianl for Prestea, Mr. Amuzu and staff of VRA. Rclast - MouchcI/VRA/I'OTIJEIS 124 PRESTEA-011JASI TRANSMISSION l.NIJ - FINAI. I.IS After bricfing them about thc proposed project and the rationale for carryinig out the EIA and the need for consultations and community involvement, Nana and his elders raiscd conlcerlnis regarding the acquisition of land for construction of the VRA substation at Prestea. According to them,, the land on which the substation was built (in 1965), together witlh the land on which the VRA staff quarters is situated, all belong to the stool. However, the stool was not contacted during the initial acquisition and nothing had been paid to them ever since. They rcqucstcd that VRA should arrange to discuss this issue before any attempt is made to acquire additional land for the new power line. They also complained about the inadequacy of power supply in their community in spite of the- presence of thie VRA substation on their land. * Mining Conccssions Consultations were held with the mining companies whose concessions were identified to be along the proposcd route for the transmission line. The ideniified companies arc: Bogosu Gold Limited (BGL) Dunkwa Continental Goldfields Limited (CGL) Ashanti Goldfields Limited (AGC) They all requcsted for copies. of the proposed route map to enable them study the route in detail and rcport any concerns. The maps were duly providcd immediately as requestcd. At the time of compiling this report, responses had becn rcceived from AGC, CGL and BGL. Thlc Icttcrs from tllesc minling companies arc attached in Anilex 6. * Issucs raised by Adansi West District Assembly A mecting was held wiih Mr. George Adu-Mensahi, the District Chief Executive of Adansi West Distr-ict at the officcs of the District Assembly. RC;ast -Moudilcl/VRA/1O0TUE[IS 125 PRIS-A-O01MASI I tANSMISSION lINF - IlNAi. [IS lHe arranged for a member of the EIA team to bricf a session of the Assembly memibers who were meeting at the time of the EIA survey studies. He raised concernls on the following issues: * Loss of future use of land should be compensated - he indicated this was the maill concern of residents in his district. According to him, the assembly receives many complaints regarding inadequate compensation payment involvinlg various agencies and requested this should be addressed in the EIA. * Compensation should be paid at the time of loss of crops and not later - he stated that in order to avoid placing undue hardslip on the already poor rural folk, compensatioll for loss of crop should be paid immediately to the affected persons. * Plans for expansion of township should be taken into account when routeing the line - he indicated that Obuasi is a fast growing town and land for developmenit has become scarce. If the line route passes on lands earmarked for development, this would create difficulties for the assembly. I-le mentioned the situation where a recent decision to relocate a cemetery to an available land beneatlh VRA powerlines has been objectcd by VRA. TIhe casc is still under litigationi. I-le suggested that in situatiolns of land scarcity, some forms of activities that did not require continuos humiiani presence (c.g. cemetery) could be permitted under the power lines. * Concerni about electromagnetic forces - he suggested communlity concernls about effects of EMF should be addressed by VRA and ECG. A summiiary of the contacts and the major concerns raised is presented in Table 8.2. Table 8.2 Summary of Concerns raised during Public Consultations Coinmunity/Organisation Conecrn Prestea/Hemain * Concerns about construction of sub-station should be addressed before new line is discussed Bogosu * Fetish slhrine may affect routeinig of line Bogosu Gold Limited * Mining concession to be expanded Ayensu Krom * Loss of crops and land use Nsu Siding * Loss of crops and land use Rldast - Mouchcl/VRA/IVOTIJIIS 126 PRE:SrlA-01MUASI T RANSMISSION lINI. - I INAI. .IS Community/Organisation Conccrn Premenso * Loss of crops and land use Adade Krom * Loss of crops and land use Damang * Loss of crops and land use Opon Valley * Loss of crops and land use Esaase * Loss of crops and land use * Land has recently been cleared but the crops Asikuma have not yet been planted. The farmers would like compensatioIn for wasted effort Continental Mining Company * None (in the immediate future) Adamso * Loss of crops and land use Adinka * Loss of crops and land use Tweapease * Loss of crops and land use Apitikoko * Loss of crops and land use Obuasi District Adminiistration * Loss of future use of land should be compensated * Compensation should be paid at time of loss of crops and no later * Plans for expansion of township should be taken into account wheln routeing the line * Concern about electromagiletic forces 8.3 Further consultations During the EIA studies, the individual whose farms, lands and structure were identified-to fall within the right-of-way of the proposed route, were interviewed and their responses have been discussed in Chapter 4 and presented in Annex 3-5 to 3-7. VRA's Real Estate and Environiment department is holdinlg further consultationis to address all outstandinig issues including those raised by Bogoso Gold Limited il Anilex 6. 8.4 Consultations with Agencies Consultations held with the various relevant agencies are discussed below: * Consultations with the Energy Commission Thc Elnergy Comimlission Act, 1997 (Act 541) empowers the Comimiissioni amonig other thinigs to maniaL!ge all dcvelopments in the energy sector. A meetliig was therefore held with the cnergy Rclasi - MoudcicI/VRA/1'OTUEIS 127 I'RIS1 IFA-01UAS1 TRANSMISSION LINI: - FINAL I IS Commissioni to discuss tile proposed POTL project and the requirement for permit as outlinied in the Energy Comimiissionl regulation published as ECN 001 and 003. The Executive Secretary indicated that VRA is currently only provisionally licensed as a service provider in the energy sector and that VRA is yet to complete all the necessary requirements for full license. He further indicated that the conditions required for permit, as stated on the Provisional License issued to VRA, require the following: * Relevant drawings of the project * Environmental Report approved by the EPA * Documentation covering title/lease of land on whichi the project is to be sited The Commission requires that a formal application for permit should be submitted by VRA prior to commencement of the project. The final approved EIS will forn part of the requirements and this is being duly hanidled by VRA. * Consultation with the Ministry of Mincs and Encrgy The Ministry was consulted on the general direction of Government policy in relation to thc power sector. It was indicated that the main direction of Government policy is towards private participationl in the generationi and distribution of electricity. Reference was made to the Ghanla Government "STATEMENT ON POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT POLICY" whici discusses the various details of the policy. It is noted that VRA hias already put in place structural changes in the corporate setup in line with the general direction of the Government's policy suchi as setting up of strategic business units like GRIDCO whicih is responsible for the transmission systemii whichi is of immediate interest to the EIA. Relal.st - Mouclicl/VI A/1'OlII IS 128 PRIESTl.A-O0lIJASI T RANSMISSION l.INI - FINAL. IS * Consultation with thc Forest Service Division of the Forcstry Commission Discussions havc been held with the Forest Scrvices Division on the issucs arising from the power line crossing the Denyau Shelterbelt and the Opon-Manisi forest reserves. The Acting Director of Operations, Mr. J.E. Otoo, has requested for maps showing the route and thesc have been provided (similar maps are shown in Figs. 4-2 and 4-3). The formal response received from the Division is attached in Annex 6. As indicated in the letter, the Division will arrange for an accredited timber contractor to harvest the trees witlhil the RoW before issuing VRA with the necessary permit to enter the forest reserves. The respective district officers have been informed to commence evaluating the trees in the general area of the proposed RoW. These arrangements will be finalised whell the final route selection is completed. * Consultations with Muscums and Monuments Board The National Museum management was consulted with regard to any historical or archeological artifacts whichi may be encountered in the course of clearing or excavating for erectioni of the transmission towers. The procedures are derived from the provisions of thle National Museum Decree 1969, (NLCD 387). Upon the discovery of any such artifacts: i. Tlhe Director of the Ghana Museum and Moniuments Board sliall be notified immediatcly in writing, stating the exact site or location of the item. The letter shall include adequate photographs of the antiquity. ii. VRA shall permit and facilitate such access to, and inspection of the site of discovery as the Director may so require. VRA slhall also permit to be affixed or applied theretd, any seal or identification mark of the board. iii. VRA shall not alter, damage, destroy or remove any antiquity from its origilal site without the consent of the Board. RcIasI -Motichcl/vRA/'orui-is 129 I'RI.Sl'LA-)1311ASI 'l'RANSMISSION LINL - FINAL I:IS If removal of the itcm becomes immediatcly necessary for safety or sccurity rcasons, the exact location shall be noted and the retrieved artifact shall be sent to the custody of thle Board. iv. Througlh liaising witlh the Board, the lawful owners of the land shall be duly informed and where neccssary, payment shall be made by the Board after due assessment. v. Furthcr decisions with rcspect to site sampling, or further excavation shall be at thle jurisdiction of the Board. Relast -Mouchil/VRA/MOTjUIHS 130 Chapter 9 Conclusion I'RISI I:A-()ItJASI YRANSMISSION LINI.-I INAI I IS 9 CONCLUSION In recent years, the Volta River Autilority has undertakeni sonic major reinlforceimenilt and expansion works oni the national transmission network, which was first commissioned over 35 years ago. TIhc nationial nctwork also serves La Cote d'lvoire, Togo and Beninl. However, the continuing demand for electricity to support the ongoing economic developmenit plans of the country places severe constraints on various segimients of the network. System studies have revealed that tihe Imlost vulnerabie segmenits are along the westerin sector inlvolvilng Prestea, Bogoso, New Obuasi and Obuasi. This sector is siginificanit not only for the economic importanice of the increasinig mining activities in those areas but also because the current additions to th6 country's power generation capacity are in the Western Region. These are the expansion of the Takoradi Generating stationi at Aboadze to 600 MW and the new GNPC 140 MW Plant to be stationied at Effasu. The proposed Prestea-Obuasi Tranismissioni line is required to be constructed to augmenit the powcr tianisfer capacity of the westerin segimieint of the tranisimiissioni systemii as well to maintain the systemil stability. The systems studies revealed that the loss of the 1Prestea-Bogoso segimienit will lead to total collapse of the whole national system. The route has been choseni so that the proposed liie will run along thc existing liie to cnable it use the cxistinig right-of-way (RoW) whierever possible. The EIA has identified tilat the proposed project will have some significant impacts mainly oni the people residing in the settlements along the proposed route. These impacts are related to tile acquisition of the RoW. This will lead to loss of farmilaids along the 30 m wide reservation required for the RoW. IThe loss of farmilands will thien lead to loss of incomiie for the affected farmers. This will be mitigated by paymenlt of fair and adequate compensation. Limiled impacts oni the ecology along the route will arise fiom some ol the conistruction activities but these will be sufficiently mitigated to minimise tileir effects. Rclast - MOudicfVRA/Jo lJl IS 131 I'RI STEA-013UASI TRANSMIISSION LINI: - IFINAL [IS Most of thc constructional impacts are generally short tcrm, lastinig only for thc durationi of thc source activities. Impacts caused by felling of all tall trees within the RoW that thlcatcn the safety of the line are considered as residual and thesc will be miniimized as muchl as possible by minor diversions if found feasible. There will not be the need for any resettlement of persons for the implementationl of the project. The proposed route will be diverted to avoid the urban settlements of Bogoso and Dunkwa. Recommendations have been made for the selection of tower spots to be made so as to avoid the few shrines and buildings notcd along the line route. Effective management of the potential environmental impacts and careful monitoring will help to keep predicted impacts to tolerable levels. In the light of the various considerations and particularly for the stability and integrity of the national transmission network which also serves neighbouring countries, it is recommended that the Prestea - Obuasi Transmission line project slhould be approved. ReCast - Moudiccl/VRA/'(01 IJI IS 132 Annex I B Terms of Reference E Re'ew;ant Regulations Anneicx 1-i (Anniex 1) PROPOSED PRESTEA-ORUASI 161 KVTRANSNIISSION LINE, PRlO.JECT' FsNVI RONMENFAL, IM PACT AS.SESS(M- IsNI' S'T'l1II)V TERMS OF REFERENCE Excecu live Sumimary 1.0 Iniroduction - Project backgiounid and objcctivcs - Rcgulalory and Administrativc rcquircmcints - all applicabic local and intcrinationial regulations and standards rclating to thc projcct will bc idcntificd and outlincd. Numcrical standards (whcrc applicabic) will bc spccificd in sunilmary tablcs. This scction will discuss (lic rclcvant policies, thicir implications and the regulatory conditionis that must bc considcicd for thc succcssfLil implemicintationi of the project, includinig the rcquircntcnis by co-inanicicis (World Uank etc). *I'lic lcgal frameworks to be considcred hlavc becn identiricd durinig the Scoping a:nd ceimphasis will be on the Volta lRivcr Authiority (Tranismiission Line Protcction) Rcgulations, 1967 (Li 542). - Scopc ofstudy - TOR as approved by El'A 2.0 Dcscriptioni of (lie proposed project A reasonably dclailcd dcscriptioni of thc project will bc given using maps, figurcs and tables as necessary and will Ihighliglht tlhc following: - Constructional activitics - right-of-way and access roultcs, land clcaring and sitc preparation, tower erection etc. - Operalionial activitics - comimiissioninig of' linc, liinC mainlteianllcc, towcr mainitcianicc, right-of-way mai itenianicc. 3.0 Descrip)ion oort i, ascliaic Cllvir-olulnllct TIhc proposcd linc passes mainily throughi thc forcst zonc. Data rclating, to thc cxisting cnvironilicim t havc bccn identificd during the Scoping and thcsc will bc studicd furtilcr. The arcas of cmpiasis will bc: 3.1 [io-P'hysical Enivironimienit i. Climlate iij Flora iii. Faunia iv. Forcst Resources v. Watcr lRcsourccs vi. Soils vii. Mincral Rcsourccs 3.2 Socio-cultural/economic Environimieint i. Etlhnic Rcligionis aind Cultural Background ii. Ilistorical rcsourccs iii. Land Icnurc and Land Owncrslhip iv. Lanid Usc v. Eniploymicnit/Maniufacturiing vi. Agriculturc vii. Public 1-Icalti 4.0 Significant Environicnctal Impacis aind Proposed Mitig;llion Somic cnivironnliicntal cffccts will occur during thc constructioni, opcrationi and mainitcnanice pliascs of tlle projccl. In scction 5 of tlc Scoping rcport the potcntial impact idcntificationl has bccn donc using an Impact Matirix. As far as possibIc, all thc idcntificd impacts will bc quanlificd and asscsscd for significanlcc bascd on magiitudc, cxtent, duration, rcvcrsibility ctc. Soinc of thc significant impacts arising fromii the constructionl will bc miainily those associated with land cicaring whiichi could rcsult in loss of farimilaniids and crops and dispersal of faunia. All tall trces witlinit clic right-of-way will also hiave to be cut to prcvcnt thicm falling on the lines and this may be rcgardcd as a rcsidual impact. Othicr issues arising fromi constructioni would includc noisc fromi machliicry, soil crosion, pollution of water sourccs from dust ctc. Duriiig tilc operational phase, 501lc of thc iml)acts are likcly to arise floi issues rclatcd to restiictioni of acccss to arcas witlin lihc righit-olfway and will bc mainily of socio-cconomiiic/cultural signaifcicance. In addition, the aspect of tImeimpact of cIcctromagnctic field CeICCIs produccd by higih voltage transiiission systcmis will bc addrcsscd. From tlic asscssmnicit of impacts, thei nccessary mitigationi actions will bc prcscribcd and whcrcvcr possible dcsign or iupicnlicntation will bc altcrcd accordingly. Issucs rcgardinig compensation for loss of crops arid land usc rcsultinig fromll right-of-way (RoW) acquisitioni wi I bc presented as part of tihc mitigationi. 5.0 Monlitol-inig Ani appropriatte nioimitorinig programimic to dctcrmiic inipacts on the phiysical, biological and humian cnvironililcents will also bc dcvclopcd. hllis programililic will bc uscd to vcrify whictlicr predictions of cnvironilimcintall impacts, dcvclopcd in tilc design phasc, arc accurate and that unfoiescci ilmpacts are dccctcd at an early stage. 6.0 Analysis of Allctrnalives Thiis scction will prescnt a discussion on all altcrnativc and subscqucint dcsigns/optionis that liavc bccn conisidcrcd to datc. SoI11e of thc altcrnativcs to bc considcrcd includc 7.0 Envi rorcieital Managemeii P1lanu & Trai ning An Environinilcnital Managcmilcint Systcm bascd on ISO 14000 guidclincs will bc dcvcloped as part of tilc provisional Enviroiminciltal Managcimlcilt Plan. This will also incorporatc a traininig programiiime whicil will bc impicikicintcd for tilc staff whio will bc rcsponsibic for tilc construction, opcrationi and miainilcnianicc of thc line. Environimlieital iianiagcmilcnt and traininig will includc thc followilig: a. IPropcr storagc/liandliing of lhazardous matcrials, b. Firc prcvcntion systems, c. Gcncial lhcalih & safcty proccdurcs, d . Monitorinig procedures c. Effecctivc rccord-kccping and rcportinig systcmi. The EMP will incorporate thc following: a. composition and job dcscription of cnvir onmiicintal managciliem t tcam, b. structurc of rcporting for cnvironmiicintal management tcam and this should bc liikcL with operational and administrativc activitics, c. traininlg and dcvelopmnlt, d. parameters to be moniorcd, c.g, ccctromaginctic forcc (EMIF) c. sampling sitcs, f. frcqucncy of mcasurcmncits, g. mctlhod of'samiiplinig and analysis, hi. moniitorinig prograiiimic, i. propcr and adcquatc record kccping, j. places to be rcstrictcd to unautlioriscd pcrsons k. cnvironimilciital audit and rcvicw programmeilc 8.0 Cousult;atiotis, lhi cragcncy & Public/Non-Goverimcnn tl liiavolveiicinnt This scclionl will prcscill tllc findinigs ol all lihc consultations hield in connection witli thc proposed I rcstea- Obuasi Tranisimiissioni Lincs Project withi agencies, NGO's and tilc public. Tlic discussions will cover the various issucs of coniccrn raised and lhow tilcy liavc bccn addrcsscd in tlc EIA. 9.0 Coliclusioll Thlis scction will pcSCil. the miiain conclusionis and rccomillncnidalions rcsulling lironi tllc EIA. Aincixcs: Illustrative Malcrials T'hc Environmental limpact Staleentici (EIS) will bc illustratcd withi rcievant plhotographs, maps, plans, diagramis and anly oliher illustrativc matcrial that would makc it casy to appreciatc tlhc conticii of the IS. iii Tc]. (021) 664697/664698, Aiiicx 1-2 z Environmental Protection Agency 780175-9 P.O. Box M326 F~ax: 233 (021) 662690 Tlx: 2609 Environ - Gli Mnsrio PsOfi Accra, Ghana. Our Rcf: CE 31/01/84 April 10, 2000 THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE VOLTA IUVER AUTI-IOIITY P 0 BOX M77 ACCRA Dcar Sir, IENVIRONMEINTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) 1'ROI'OSED 1611KV TRANSMISSION LINE CONSTRUC-I ON. I'RrESTEA - OBUASI We refer to .your Icticr of March 24, 2000 submiittng ilic Scoping Rcport for thc abovc projcct Environmicital Impact Asscssment. Thc Report has bccn duly revicwcd. hlic rcvicw howcvcr, idcntilicd tihc following arcas/issucs also for iniclusion in tihc EIA tci-ms of rcfcrcncc: . Occupationial SafcLy * Provisioni of maps showinig rivcrs/strcams, forcsts, roads, towns,. Villages, etc. *i impact of right-of-way on tic sacrcd grovc. * Status of the cxisting transmission lines (an audit) as part of the basclinc data * Consultation withi the Forcstry Dcpartimcnt on the two Forcst Rescivcs (Danyaw and Opon-Mansi) * Public cducation on clcciromiagnctic waves geierated by the transmission lincs on affecctcd collmmiiullinics * Modalitics for paymcnt of compensation to thc affcctcd famicrs, cc. must bc providcd You arc adviscd to procccd wilh 11hC environmncital asscssmncit of tlic proposcd projcct and submit twclvc(12) copies of thIC draft projcct Environmental lmpact Statemicint (EIS), in line witli thic Gliana EIA Procedures and LI 1652. Do not hiesitaLc to conisult withi thc AgCncy for any furthcr guidance in itlis regard. Yours failhfully, i AM AW-OSEI DEPUT DDItECTOR] E A A DErT. For: EXECUTIVE DIRECTFOR Cc: The l lon. Ministcr, Ministry of Environrncni, Scicncc & Tcchnology, Accra The I loin. Minisicr, Ministry of Mincs & Encrgy. Accra The Disirici Chicf Exccutivc, Adansi Wcsl District Asscmbly, Abuasi Tiic Distict Chicf Excculivc, Wassa West Districi Assembly, Tarkwa The District Chicf Exccutivc, Wassa Amianfi District Assembly, Asankragwa lihc Disirict Chief Exccutive, Uppcr Dcnkyira Disirict Asscmnbly, Dunkwa l're Distrnct Cricr Exccutivc, Amansic Wcst District Asscmrbly, 13ckwar Tlic ltcgional Ofreccr, El'A Ashanti Rcgion. Kumasi Thc Rcgional OlTiccr, EPA Wcsicni Itcgion, Sekonidi Act 46 Ti4L EFORTY-SIXTIi ACT OF THE PARLIAMENET OF THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA ENTITLED 'T'HE VOLTA' RIVER DEVELOPMENTF ACT, 1961 AN ACT to provide for thc cstablishincnt of in. Autxhority chargcd with the dutics of gcncrating clectricity by mcans of the water power of the rivcr Volta, and by other mcarns, and of supplying ccctricity througlh a transmissioni systciii; for t'c construction of a darn and power station near Akosombo, aud for thc crcationi ol a lak-c by the damiing of the river; for giving the Autlhority power to admninister ccrtaiin lands liable to bc inunidated anid lands adjacenit thercLo, and for dcaling with the rcscttlcmecnL of pcople living in the lands to be inundaled; ror charging the Authority wvith ccrtain inctdcntal rcsponsibilitics; and for purposes conncclcd willh thc matters aforcsaid. DATE OF ASSENT: 26Ih.1Ipr il, 1961 BE IT ENACTED by the Presi'dentL and the Nationial Assembly in this prescnt Parliament asscmblcel as follows: PAMtT I-TIir vOLTA RIVER AUTI3O01UTY 1. Therc shall bc establislied an autlhority to be called thc Volta Establish- River Authority (referred to in this Act as the Authority) clharged rnmlit ot (hc with. thc duties and responsibilities hereilnafter specificd. Auihority. L.l. 542. 2 IVOLTA RIVER AUTHORITY (TRAINSMISSION%, L!NE PROTECTION) REGULATIONS. 1967 "transmission line" shall inLclude all or anly parL o1 the towers and conductors fornming the 161 kV transmission line from the main switchyard at Akosombo to any part of Ghana; and "tower"t or "towers" refer to the towcrs carrying and formin- part of the transmission lines. E. L. QUARTEY Chief Executive of the volt, River Autllorit' Datc of Gazette notitiaition: 5tlh May, 1967. P'RfNTED BY TllE STATE PUBLLI-SNG CORPOLAnoN (PRINTING DIVISION1) ACCRA, OHANA SPC/A 10673/4,460/4/67 Price: NM7O.O2 AIIIIcx 1-4 L.I. 542. VOLTA RIVER AUTHORITY (TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION) REGULATIONS, 1967 IN exercisc of tLhC powers conferred on the Volta River AuLhority by scction 33 of Lhe Volta River Development Act, 1961 (Act 46), these Regulations arc made this 18th day of April, 1967. 1. It shall be an offence for any person whether by hiniself or in co-operation with othcrs to do or assist in doing any of the tollowing acts in rclationi to hlie transmission linc:- - (a) to drill, mine or excavate or carry on anv similar opera- Llon within the transnission linc right of way; (b) to place any combustible material inside the right of way; (c) to cause any firc to burn within two hundred feet of the transnission linc right of way; (d) to climb on to, attach to or hang any object on or fromn any tower or transmission line; (e) to cause anything to come into contacl with thle Lrans- mission line; I(f) to place, drive, tow, pull or carry an) cranc, jiLg, boon] or any object, under, over or ncar the lransmission line, unless the minimum distancc from the conductors or any of them of such object is not less than eighteen feet; (g) cxcept with the previous consent of the Authority obtained in writing and subject to any condition tihat tLec Authority may imlpose in rclationi to such consent: (i) to carry on any form of blasting within one thousand fivc hundred fect of any tranismission line; or (ii) to construct any building or sLructure or carry on any kind of cultivation, farming or farming activity within the transnission line riglht of way. 2. Any pcrson committing any of the above offences may be tried summarily and shall on conviction be liable to a fine not cxceediing two hundred New Cedis or imprisonmcnt for a term not exceedinig twclve months or both. 3. In these regulations- 'right of way" or "Lransmission line right of way" shall include the area extending for a distance of fifty feet on each side from the ccntre line of the transmission lowers; / ) RT \ ,, +t - - * < X~~~~~~1 Act 186 imLHUNDtED AND MfQi1-SIXM ACT OF THE PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA IENTrTLED THE LANDS (STATUTORY WAYLEAVES) ACT, 1963 AN ACr to provide for entry on any land for the purpose of the construction, installation and maintenance of works of public utility, and for the crcation of rights of way and other similar riglits in respect of such works and for purposes conncctcd wiLth thc matters aforesaid. DATB OF ASSENT: 16tlz July, 1963 BE IT ENACTED by the President and the National Assembly in this present Parliament assembled as follows:- Crcation of 1. (1) Where the President is of the opinion that it is in the public statutory interest that any right of way or other similar right over any land waylea*cs. (hereafter in this Act referred to as a "statutory waylcave ") be crcatcd in respect of the wbeole or any part of any of the works specified in the next following section he may, subject to the provisions of this Act, by executive instrument (hereafter in this Act referred to as a " wayleave instrument ") declare the land specified in the instrument to be subject to such statutory wayleave as is spccilied ticrcin; aud on the publication of a wayleave instrument and with- out further assurance the land shall be dcemed to bc subject to that 2 Aiinicx 1-6 ENERGY COMMISSION PUBLIC NOTICE - EC. N.003 The ENERGY COMMISSION wishes to inform the general public, specifically those who intend to be or are already service providers in the energy sector, on certain provisions under the Energy Commission Act (Act 541) and the requirements for obtaining a lcense. Section 11: Except expressly exempted under this Act no person shall engage in any business or any commercial acgvity for. - (a) The transmission, wholesale supply, distribution or sale of electricity or natural gas; or (b) The refining, storage, bulk transporlation, marketng or sale of petroleum products Unless he is authorized to do so by a license granted under this AcL Section 59 (41: Any person who on the date of the coming into force of this Act holds a valid license for the supply of electricity, natural gas or petroleum products or by law operates any service for tle provision of electicity, natural gas or petroleum products shall, where he intends to conlinue to operate the service, apply wihiin 6 months of the coming into force of this Act for the approprate license under this Act and shall unless authorized under this Act cease the operations alter the expiry of the 6 months period. REQUIREMENTS TO OBTAIN A LICENSE: 1. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS SERVICE PROVIDERS A. New Entrants *: A detailed business plan. Requiremrens as pertained in the Energy Commission Public Nolice EC.N. 001. A leter of recommendaton from the Tema Oil Refinery (TOR) or the Bulk Oil Storage and TransportaUon Company (BOST) ascertaining the liquidity and credit-worthiness of the Service Provider who intends to purchase products from TOR or BOST. *. Environmental Impact Assessment Report certified by EPA on new facililies or installations to be used by the service provider. * Evidence of Energy Commission's authorizalion perril to construct new facilities. B. Existing Service Providers * Requirements as pertained in the Energy Commission Public Notice EC.N. 001. : Environmental Impact Assessment Report certified by EPA on new facilities or installations to be used by the service provider or an Environmental Impact Management Plan for existing facilities. EPA's assessment of all old and new facilities to ascertain their environmental compliance. To ensure compliance with SecUon 59(4) of the Energy Commission Act (Act 541), TOR and BOST would be required to sell petroleum products to service providers only after producing in evidence a license granted by the Commission. 2. ELECTRICITY SERVICE PROVIDERS A. New Entrants * A detailed business plan. * Requirements as pertaine,d in the Energy Commission Public Notice EC.N. 001. *:- A feasibility report on new facility or installations. * Environmental Impact Assessment Report certified by EPA on new facilities or installations to be used by the service provider. * Evidence of Energy Commission's authorization permit to construct new facilities. Implementation agreement. * Power purchase agreement. * Land conveyance agreement * Ownership structure and agreements Supply agreements. * Construction contract * Operations and maintenance agreemenl B. Existinq Service Providers * Provide information as per Public Notice EC.N. 001. * Environmental Impact Assessment Report certified by EPA on new facilities or installations to be used by the service provider or an Environmental Impact Management Plan for existing facilities. *:- EPA's assessment of all old and new facilities to ascertain their environmental compliance. The Enerqy Commission does not charqe any processing or application form fees. Thc provisional licensingfees fordifferent categories of service providers for aperiod of two years are as follows: 2 N.L.C.D. 38 NAX'IVUNAL MUbLUM DECREL, 1969 ARRANGEMENT OF PARAGRAPHS PART 1-CONTAOL oF ANTIQUITIES ParagrapJs 1. Pernmit to export. 2. Inspection. , 3. Prohibition of export and exemption. 4. Terms of pcrmit to export. 5. Permit to be surrendered.- 6. Compulsory purchase of anitiquity. 7. Licence to sell. 8. Permit to excavatc. - 9. Permission to remove antiquity. 10. Duty to notify discovery. 11. National MMoniuments. 12. Offenccs. PART II-ESTAWLISHMENT, DurEs AND PowERs 01 BOAr3D 13. Glhana Museum and Monuments Board. ' 4. Dutics of Board. 15. Annual Report. 16. Powers of Board. 17. Power to alicnate. 18. Terms of olfice. PsT 111-MEETGS, PROCEEDINGS AND REMNjUNERARIoN 19. Meetings. 20. Committcees. 21. Procecdings. 22. Rcmuneration. PALRT 1Y-MEMBERS OF TI-HE BO,ml, OFInCEnS AND EMPLOYEES 23. Appointments. 24. Pensions and gratuities. PARTV[-FUNDS, ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT 25. Funds. 26. Accounts and audit. 27. Auditor-Gccral to audit accounts. P,AT VI-GENERAL 28. RcgulationIS. 29. Mcalling or' "National Muscum". 30. Intcrpretation. 31. Rcpeal. Annex 2 * Extracts - Project Specifications 0 U i U~~~~ U 'A~~~~~~ 1. GENEIRAI, DESCIRIPTION OF 'PROJECT 1.1 lniitoductioii The Works covcrcd by tlicsc Tcchinical Spccifications and formii g tlhc Ilrcstea-Obuasi Transimission Projcct will consist oftlic constiuctioni ofa 16kV linic bctwcciill rstca and Obuuasi aid IhC Cxpan1sioll ol'thC CXistillg substattioni l.Icilltics alt Plrestci and( Obuasi lor tlhc terminaitioni of the lllnC. 1.2. Transmission liiic Tlic tianisilmissioi linccol)onlcilt oftlic lojCCt wvill colsist oftllc followinig: (a) COStIrUctioll of approximately 1 10 kmii of 161 kV tranlsimiissioni linc using 2x265 SqL. 111111. (twin-bunidlc toucani) conductol-s on convenitionial stccl latticc towers flttcd withl two (2) silcIdxvircs onc of whicih shiould bc optic fibrc condLiCtOl (OPGW) ailoig thilc cxisting Prcstca-BogosuL-Dui7kwa-ObLiasi linic r-ighit of vay. (b) Divcrsioni of a fcw sprans (4 to 7) of thc cxistling 161 kV 282 mm AAC imiistlctoc conductor linc to providc adequatc r ighit of way lor the icNv line. 1.3 Substations Ihlc substation Com)ponent oflthc Projcct incluelcs tlhc followilng: (a) expansion anl upgrade of tlhc Obuasi substation for the termlillatioln of tle ncw linc. This will involvc the provision of line lermiinial cquipicniit, dcdicatecd circuilt breakcr foi oinC of llc cxisting tranislfor-miers (TI), lprotective rclayilng anid upgrade ofL'ltc powcr carryinig capacity of the cxistliig ovcrlcad bus systcim. (b) minlor works in PrcstcaI substationi for thle linc Lerminatlioni. Tlis will iMCcludlc the f'ollowing: * IrCleiihallitationlofaccess Ioad aid ImliorI Cx)ansiOn oSfubstatioi y;lld to provide acccss to cxisting 161/55 IV transilorimi-s. * imiodiFicationl of exisLing mosatic panel lo facilitatc control of 161 lV ccquipcret fr-oml 225 kV control building. 1.4 161 kV Linie Routes Trh lince takes off ftoii thic Prcstca substationi an.1d rtILs gcnrcally lparallel to the existing Prcstca-Obul.lsi Iinic corridor. Ihlc followinlg divcrsionis will, howcvci, hiave to be miadc: 11o¢Ia Rivei lihiU it: y P'OTP-Voluiiic 3a Ocfoberi 1999 j - I - 0 * IPrcslea Sankojli Goldllmiilc (P'SG) t3etwcci the Prcslca Sawkol'a Goldminie (PSG) aind Ankobra Junctioil thc cxistinig Prcstca-Bogosu linc may bc d]ivcrtcd to the riglht for tlc llcw linlC to takc tlhC existing coITidor. Thie diveision involves approximately 4 towers. * IBogosia Substattioln At Bogosu substalioi tlhc line ilmoves away fromii Ilhc cxistingl lillC roulC, passes bclinild the SubstaLion Conlrol Building beforc retlur-nillg lo thlc cxistinig linel corridor. * Linie clnr)-y at Obusi Sulbstationj The proposcd linc slhall run almiost parallel to tlhc existinig linc Lip to the exisLint, towcr No. 5 fromithe old Obuasi Substationi. 'ITlhc proposed line . shall thlen be divertcd onto the cxisting lowc- No. 4 and shall ulIl n tile cxistinig towcrs up to existing owcr No. 2 from tlhc Substatioll whlcrc it will bc diverted onlo a proposed ncv gantlty insisdc the Substalioll. TIhlc cxisting linc from thc cxit.ling lowcr No. 5 frolmi the Substatioll slhall conscqucntly bc divcrtcd onto proposed new towcrs along a corridor almliost parallel to thc cxisting> towcrs up to the location of the cxisting 9)00 guyed towcr bcforc bcing divcrtcd almliost at 900 onito thc-ganitiy at the existing bay iln the Substatbon. The existling 900 guyed towcr shall also be replaecd by a selfsuppoL-rting 900 lowcr. The conlractor is requilrcd to provide bolth Tcclhnical proposals and( quotations for the desigin, testing, supply, ercctioll and commiiiiissionlilng of thlis tower. The loading conditionis aIIrcthe same as tllc proposcd tranasmissioni lin.c rc vcgcLation alon, the linc route is mainily forcst. 1.5 Tlrain ing in Tranismuissioni Liuic Design Unidcr the tlraiiiilng program tlhe contractor- slhall procur-C, install, commiiissioni and traill 10 No VRA lersonncl inI thlC usc of an initcgratcd state-of-tlhc-arL transmission lille dcsign softwarc lor four (4) weeks in Akusc, Glhana. 1.6 Piroduction ofa riliii oii triaiisiissioii lin,e couisti uctioii 'I'l'c contractor shall fillm on vidco the cntirc p'ocess of liic consti-uctionl 1romi thle Volta Rivier /lAwthloritJi POT voloiume 3a Octolber 1999 3 - I - 7 bcginniniSg to the cnd, highlighting all thc important slagcs anid proccsscs iiivolvcd, inicluding coimiicntary/narration in Englisli languagc. 1.8 1'rojectT''raiisportation 'Ilic Conitactor is expected to purchasc for thc usc of thc VRA Project Mailagciicint 'I'camii, thc followinig vcliclcs: 1. 2 No. fully loaded air-conditionlcr 4 x 4 Nissan Patrols 2. 2 No. fully loadcd air-conditionicr 4 x 4 Nissan Pick-tips. The Conitactors cost shiall includc all Customii dutics and local laxcs 2.1 SERVICE CONDITIONS AND DESIGN P'ARAMETERZS 2.1.1 Service Coniditioins Ilolhti River A iifhoritij l'OTI-Voluiic 3;a Octobcr 1999 3 - I - 6 All 1-I.V. cicctrical cquipmcnit will bc installcd outdoors. Scivicc (amibicint) coniditionis arc as follows: MaximiumiL tempcr-aturc - 40°C AniLual Avcragc Tcmpcraturcs - 30"C Minimiiurii Temperaturc - I Ol'c Maximumii wind vclocity (gust) - 34m/sec. Rclativc lu1lumidity - Up to 98% Earthquakc Sevcrity - 0. 2 9g Acccicration 1-lorizonitally Atmosphcric wlinds arc dust or, altcriiativcly, salt ladcni. Rainstorms arc hicavy. Isokicraunic Lcvcl - 100 2.1.2 Desigin Paramcters -IV MV Nominial Systcm Voltagc 161kV 34.5 Rated Voltagc for Equipmcnt 170kV 36 Hligcest Conitiiuos operating voltagc 178.5 kV Frcqucncy 50Hz 50Hz Neutral Point Dircetly Eartlied Earitlicd tlhr-oughl ani cartllilng tranlsformicr Sliort Circuilt Currcnit 31.5 kA 31.5 kA Durationi Slort Curreilt 3scs 3sccs Dynaiic Witlhstaid Current 78.75kA 78.75kA Insulation Lcvcls: - I .2/50 ptS Impl])UIsC 750kV Pcak 170kV Pcak - 1.2/50 [Ls Impulse across Isolatinig Distanice 860kV Pcak 196kV Pcak Power Flrcquelicy Witlistand for 1 minlute 325kV rms 70kV rilis Powcr FIrequcicy Withstand for I minulc Across lsolatling Distanec 375kV rimis 80kV rimis Insulationi Withistand for all Aux. & Contiol Circuilts 2kV rimis MilliniLmum1 Creepage to Eartih (all buslinl:gs) 4250 mm I ,080 mm Minimiiumii Clcarance Phase to Pliase (Substin) 1,750mimi 500mm Minimiiumil Clearance Pliase to Earth (Substn) 1,500mm 500mn Minimiiumii Grounld Clearances to Bottom of Livc Insulationis (Substns) 2,300miii 2,300mi Minimium GrouLid Clcar-anice to Live Equipment (SuLbstins) 4,500mimi 3,000mm Ovcrhlcad Linc Conductors Minimum Groudlld Clcaraniccs at 80 C, over: - Opcei Groulid 7000mimi 6,500imi - Roads/Canals 8,000mm 7,500mi - Railways 9,000mmll 7,500mim - 33/1 1kV Lincs 2,500miii 2,500mi - Tclecomminilication Lilics 3 ,500iniii 2 ,500ii Auxil iziay Supplies: Jlolha Rivesr Autlhoriyti l'OTP-Voluiiic 3a Octobecr 1999 Annex 3 n Baseline Data Aiiucx 3-1: Cliccldist of plaiit species list for Iliglit-of-way ouitside forest rcscrcs IFallily Scicaitifec Name CommIon IalUCe Slat Guild iAre fon-ni ra.ing Acanhliaccac Asyslasia calycina Nl:P I Icrb Acand iaccane 1isI icia llava NFli' I-crb Anacardiaccac Spondias mombin Grccn NFi 1'rce >5cnm ______dbh Apocyt1accac Alstoi1ia boonCci NYAAMELDUA GrCCII PlioIICCr TrcC >5Cni <11.1 Apocynaceac Funmturnia clastica FRUNTUM Pink NPLD Tice >5cm specics dbhl Araccac Colocasia csculcnila noni forest l-lerb Araccac Cuicasia scandcnis Grcecu Shadc- Clinibcr ______,______n _er _-__ Bonmbacaceac l3ombax buoniopozcinse AKA1'A Green 'Pioncer Trce >5cmII dbhl 13onibacaceac Cciba pcniandra ONYINA Grceni Pionccr Trcc >5cm dblb Cacalpiniaceac Griffoinia sinimplicitblia KEGYA Grccn NPLD Large woody specics climbcr Cacsalpiniaceac Distemonoianithius BONSAMDUA Pinik NPLD 'I'rcc >5CII1 hbnmhamnianus spccics dbil Caesalpiniaccac Mczonieuroni AKOO BOWIRE Grceni Pionecr Large woody benthamniantim climlbcr *Conibrciaceac Terminalia suIpCrba I.MIRE.E Scarlet lPOi1CCI T'rce >5cm ______c~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~lbhl- (o7niposilac Aspilia africanit Pionccr Small cli nhcr Conmpositae Chromnolacna odoraa| Grcen I'ionccr shrulb Connaraccac Glicstis fcrr'iginca Grccn Pionecr Climber Convolvulaccac Iponioca involuerala NFP cliiiber Cypcraccac Scicria boivinii Grcen PioIleci I-lcrb climber Euphorbiaccac Alcihornea cordifolia GYAMA Grcen l'ioncer Trice >5cm dbhl Euphaorbiaccae 1Pycnocoma KAF:IEFIE Grecen Sljidc- siU ub _ Ill;llolmacrophy a _ bearin __ Ferns Ncplhirolcpis biserrata Grcn icrb1 Fcrnis lIncitinatoptcris afer Grcen 1lcrh Fens l'ltyrograminia Greci Pionecr I-lcirb calomiehmaos Gramina,e Acroccras zizamioidcs Green P'ionecr I ierh Graminiane Bamibusa vulgaris MPAMP'RO Grecii Swaimip 'I'rec >5cm GCrii1iianeC h'aniCUIll) maNximmilu iioon forest I lCrl) Gramiiiiec Pei'niseiiliu purpurumta NFll' lIcrb Gutil'ciaic I laruLigania KOSOWA Grecen Pionccr Tree >5CImI muadagascar_ insis I dbb Loganliaceae Anthodelista UONl ODE 3RE Green Pionecr Tree >5cm ______(I_adoalegnsis _ (lbl Loganmaceac Amitlmocleista nubilis BONTODEIL Qrcci Pioneer 'I'rcc -5,m lIbli Marantaceac H-lypsclodclphys Grccn IPionleer Cljinder violacca Mcliacuce Carapl proccra KWAKU0131SI Grceti .ShIade- 'I'rce >5cm a Family Scicntific Name Common riame Star Guildi Lirc form rafing bearing dbll Mcliaceac Cedrclla odorata _ onslorcst Tiee 5cm . ] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~dbhl Mi mosaccac Albizia zygia OKORO Grccn NPLD TreC >5cm specics dbhi Moraccac Ficus cxasperata Grccn Pioiecer T'ree >5cm clbli Moraceac Musanga cccropioidcs ODWUMA Grccn Pionicer Trcc >5cm dbli Moraccae Myriatithus liberictls NYANKOMANINI Grccn Sliade- 'I're ŽSCcm beiaring dbhi Myristicaccac IPycnantihus angolcnsis OTIE P'ink NPLD Trecc5cm spccics dbhl Palillmac Cocos tiicitcra non forcst Tree >5cm P'alnmac Elacis guiiiiccnsis Abe Piiik I'ionccr 'I'rcc >5CI11 Ialmac Raphiia liookcri ADOBE Grcci Swanip T'rcc Ž>5cm P'apilionaccae Baphia nitida oDWEN Grecn PioLleer Trec Ž5cin dhh P'apilionaceac B3aphia PLIbCSCCIIS oDWENKOBIRI Grcc Pionccr *Frce >5cm ______~~dblh Papilionaccac MLllcitia irvinci Grcen P'ionccr T rce >S5cm l _~~~~~~~~~~~~~dbli P'apifionaccac l'tcrocarpus Grcin Swamp T'rce >5cm santalinoides (lbb 1 Papil ionaccac Zornia lati rolia N 1' i-icrb Passinoraccac Passillora glabra NFP Climiber Rubiaccac I-lallaca stipulosa SUBAFIA AKOA Red Swamp Trce >5cm Rubiaccae Morinda lucida KONKROMA Grcen Pionccr TI'ree >5cm |______|b_ dli Solanaccac Solaa1ii;ii tol'viimil NIll shrull Sterculiiaccac Coli giganitca WAI'Al'UO Grecn NPLD 'I'rec >5cm spciCsSpe_ d)(hii Sterculiaccac Triplochitoni WAWA Scarlet Pioiecer 'I'rec Ž5cm scleroxylon 1_111_ ' i liaccac Glyphaca brevis l1OTO shrub Typh;iccac TXypfba domlingcnsis Ulmaccac Treimia oricnialis SLSEA Grecn P'ioncer Tree Ž5cm b_dh Vcrhciaccac Clero(dci(driuiml %p. Green 1Pionccr Small climhcr Vcrbenaccac Lanilaa caniara NFPl shirib I'sidiul.11 guajava non forest 'leel 5cm Legend Nl'LD - Non Pionccr Lighlt Demander NFP - Non Forest Pionecer dbh - diamecer at breast hciglht Anncx 3-2: Checklist of plant specics for Dcnyau Forcst Rescrve Fa:imily Specics Coiullonl namc Star rain Guiltl Life foirmi AGAVACEAE Dracacna Grecn star Slhadc- Slirib / camcrooniania bcaring slirublet ______~~~~~~~ ~~~species ANNONACEAE Friesodicisia Grccn star NPlLD Largc woody vcluti na specics climber ANNONACEAE Grccnwayodcndron DUABi3RI Grccn star Shade- T'ree >5cm dibi olivcri bcai rig species ANNONACEAE Monodora Grccn star IPionccr Trce >5cm dblh tcnuifolia MOTOKURADUA spccics ANNONACEAE Xylopia villosa oBAAFUFUO Grccn star Shade- Trcc>5cm dbi bearing APOCYNACEAE Aphanostylis Grecri star Sliade- Large woody _mannii hcarina cliuiuicr AP'OCYNACEAI. Baissca brcviloba Grccn star Slalc- Small woody bcaring climber APOCYNACEAE Baissca mulliflora Grecn star NPLD Small woody .snecies climlber APOCYNACEAE Funtumilia clastica FRUNTUM I'ink star NMLD Trcc >5cm dbl Species AI'OCYNACElAE Landolplhia Grccn star Nil'lD Small woody calabarica _pcics climibcr APOCYNACEAI, Landolphia (ltlcis Grecn star NPl'D Largc woody .specics clinmir APOCYNACEAE Tabnacirnontana OBONAW Grccn star Shadc- T1rcc >5cm dbb africana bcai rig spzecies A RACEAE Culcasia angoleinsis Grccni star Nl'LD Epiphytic specics Climbcr ARACEAE Culcasia parvinlora Green star Shade- IEpiphiytic bearing Climber species CAESALPINIACEAE Anitlonotlia TOTORO Grccn star Shade- TIrec >5cm dbb macrophylIa bearing ______Žpecics CAESALI'INIACEAE Copaifcra EN I EDUA Rcd star Sliadc- Ilice >5cnm dhl| salikotinda bcariicg ______specics CAESALI'INIACEAE Danicllia ogca cl-lYcDUA Pink star P'ionecr T rec >5cm tIblu specics CAESALI'INIACEAE Dialiimi dinklagci DWEDWEEDWI-. Grecn slar NMLD Treci >5cm:l dhlh ,SI)CCics CAESALI'INIACEAE Griffonia Greci star Nl'LD Largc woody simlplicifolia _Spcics climibcr CELASTRACEAAE Rcissantia indica Grccn star P'ionccr Large woody specics climber CELASTRACEAE Salacia crceta Grecn star NlILD Largc woody species______climber CELASTRACEAE Salacia owabicnsis Bluc stlar Largc woody .______c lim b c r C CELASTRACEAE Salacia staudliana Grccn star Largc woody cliimber COM13itETACEAE Tcrmiinalia soipcrba oFRAM1'itnk star Pliojccr 1Trec >5cmdbii ______Specie . CONVOLVULACEAL Calycobolus MU ITUO Grccn star Laigc woody african us Ciiiibc:- CONVOLVULACEAE Ncuropcltis Grccil star NlLD Large woody acummata __ species climbcr CONVOLVULACEAE Ncuropeltis Grccor slar Small wou-dy vclutiLma cli albcr DICH-IAI'ETALACEAE Dichapctalum Gold star Shadc- Snmall woody filicaulc bcarimmg elclambcr ______sp ec ics ______DICHIARETALACEAE DichapcLalum cSONOWEDIE Grcii star Slhadc- lTrce >5 cml dblh guilnecrsc bcaritng . ._. . ~~~~~~~~~ . ~~~~~~~~~~~SI)CCics DICIIAl'ETALACEAE Dicliapctalum Grccn star Sliade- Smilall woody palfidumL1 bcaring cliiber DICIIAPETALACEAE DichapItalunm Bluc star Nl'LD Large woody toxicarium sl_ccics climllber DIOSCOREACEAL Dioscorca Grccn star Small wvoody smlilacilolia climbcr EB1ENACEAE Diospyros oMENEWVAUERE Blue star Shade- TIacc>5cm dibh hcudclotii bc;ariag ELJENACEAL Diospyros B3ENIKYI Grcel star Shadc- Trcc >5cm dbhi piscato ia bcaring ______~~~~~~~~~~~SPlCCICS FUI'I IORLIACEAL Drypcics clicvalicti Gaccn star Shadc- Tricc >5cm dOh bcaring ______~~~~~~~~~~~~spzccics ______EUPI-IOR131ACEAE Drypcics Iconciisis KATRlIKA Blue slar Shade- Irec>Scm dbJh bcaraU1g EUI'IHORIUiACEAE MaI' iollphytoll Grccni star NPLD Largc woody fulvl___l _pCCICs cliaubcr EUPI IORII3ACEAE Thliccacoris Grccr star Shadc- Slhrub / stcnopctala bcaring slhrublet feniis Adianatum vogciii Grcen star licib ICrIn l3olbikis gcnininilra Circci smar ICI))I 1criis Clcnitis prolcisa G(rcci star I Icrh Icrs LoInariopsis Grecn star ______g incensis ______FLAGELLARIACLAE F:lagcllaria Grccn star Pioneer Small wvoody gt_illccllsis S_)CCiCS climber GRA AINLAL Le);taspis cochilcaLa Gmccin stai Shaldc- I Icab bcaring GRAMINEAF. Strcptogyna criniiat _ _ Greci star Herb ICACINACEAL Chlamydocarya Gold star Shade- Small %woody Imacrocarpa .__ t)eariicarim__C Climber IRVINGIACEIAE Irvingia gaboncnsis AUESEBIUO Grecn star Nl'LI TIrcc >5cmz spccics LE3CYTI IIDACLAEI Napolconaca oBUA Giccn star Sbiadc- TIrec>Scm dbb vogclii bcariging ______sp e c ies LECYTI-IIDACEAE Pctersiantihus ESIA Grccn slar I'ionccr Trcc >5cm db macrocarpus specics LOGANIACEAE Strychinos alizclii Grecn star Largc woody cl imber LOGAN I ACEA E Stryclinos spicndcns Grecn star N LI) LLarge-woody specics clinmbcr LOGANIACEAE Stryclinos Greci star NPLD Largc woodly usamlharcnisis spccies climber LOGANIACEAE Usteria guincensis Grccn star NPLD Largc woody .______spccics clim bcr MALPIGHIIACEAE Acridocarpus Grceci star Largc woody smeatlhi manii climlbcr MAIANTACEAE Sarcophrynium Grccn star Sliade- IIcrb brachystachys bearing specics MELASTOMATACEIAE Warncckca Grecn star Shade- Shmrb/ slhrblet icinlbranifoliuml bcaring species Ml.LIACEAE Guarca cedrata KWABOI-10ItO Pink star Shad(le- l'rec >Scindbh bcaring MELIACEAI'. Trichilia TANDRO Grcen star NLI) T'rce >5cm dbl monadelpha spccics MELIACEAE Trichilia pricurcana KAKADIKURO Grccn star NML'D 'I'rcc >5cm dblh spccics MENISI'ERMACLAE Albcrtisia scandcns Bliuc star Slhadc- Small woody bearing climlbcr specics MENISPERMACEAE Splicnoccntrumii Grecn star Shlad(c- Slhirb /shLublet jollIyanumil bcaring specics MENISPiERMACElAE Triclisia patcns Grcen star Small woody climbcr MIMOSACEAIE Acacia Grcen star NILD Large woodly kamcrunensis ,spccics cliniibcr MIMOSACEAl. Piptadeniastrurn DAI-IOMA Pink star NPLD Tcc >5cm dbh -africanu mii sp ecies ______MORACEAE Antiaris toxicaria KYI.N-KYEN Pink star NlLD Ticc>Scmn dbl; _ I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~spccics, MORA\CLAE Myrianthus Grccn star Shadc- 'I Ice>5cru dbh libericus NYANKUMANINI bearing specics OLACACEAE 1-lcistcria parvifolia SIKAKYIA Grcen star Shade- Trcc >5cm dbh beanring ______Species ______OLACACEAE Olax ganibccola Grecn star Shade- Shrlub / shrLbict bcariig Ol,ACACI.AI. Ongokca gorc BODWE Grecn slar Nl'LD Trcc >Scmidbh C OLACACEAE Strombosia AFI.NA Grccn star Sbadc- Trcc >5cm dbh glauccsccns bcari ng IPALUVIAL Elacis guinccnisis ABc P'inlk star PIionccr Trce>5cm Ibli s pecies I'ANDACEAE Microdcsmis oFEMA Grccn star Sliade- Trcc>5cm dbi putbcrla. bcaritig .. ______pccies _- I'ANDACEAE Panda olcosa KOKiROI30BA Grccn star Shade- Trce-5c'm dbi bcaring spccics I'AI'ILIONACEAE Angylocalyx Grecn star Shadc- Shrliub /Ishrublet oligophyllus bcari ng ______species PAPILIONACEAE B3aphia niticda oDWl N Grccn star Shiade- TIree >5cmI dbi beari ng IlAI'IL.IONACEAE Uiaphia pLubcsccins oDWENKOi3iRI Grcen star P'ionecr 'I rec >5cm dbli sIccics PAPILIONACEAE Dalbcrgia Grccn star NPlLD Large woody oblongifolia speccics climiber IAPILIONACEAE Lcptodcrris Grccn star Largc woody fascicCIlata climbler I'APILIONACEAE Platyscpaluln Grecn star Nl'LD Large woodly Iiirsittinim srpccics climbcr PAPILIONACEAE Plicrocarptis Bluc star Species TIrcc >5cm dLbl _lmildbracdii I'IPERACEAE Pipcr guiniccnsc Grecn star Shadc- Small woody bearing climLbcr RUBIACEAE Aidial gcilipiflora OTWENSONO Grcen star Sliadc- Ircc >5cm dbi bcaring RUBI3ACEAI Aulacocalyx NTWESON Green star Sha(le- FIrce >5cm dbi jasminiflora bearing Si ecies ______RUBIACEAE Collca cbractcolata Grccn star Shadc- Slhrub / shriubict bearing ______.______species _ .__ RUILIACLAE Coryn.lintlic I'AMI'ENAMA Greci star NIL 1) lICe >5CIII dIhi pachyccras spccics _ RUBIACEAE Craterispcrimiumii DUADe Grcen star Shadc- TIrcc >5cmi dhbl caudatuni ecarinig RUB3IACEAE Cremaspora tri flora Grcen star Shaldc- Large woody bcaring climlber SIlCCiCS RU131ACEAI Geophila obvallata Grccn star Shadc- Shrub/ shrublet bcai illg RUBIACEAL Pavetta ixorifolia Grccn star Nl'LD Small woody specics climber RU131ACEAE Psychotria Greci star Slitib/ slirublet suboblhqua RUllIACI\AI, Romlilaillilnia TUKOBLIO Green star Sliadc- Trre>Sc>m dbh f' .lispida bcarinig ItU BI ACEA E Rothmannia SAMAN KU BLE Grccicntar Shade- Tfrcc>5cmn dbb longillora bcaring RUBJACEAE Rotlihiianiniia SABOBIE Grccn slar Slhade- Trcc>5cm dbh whiitfcidii bcaring spccics RUB3IACEAE rricalysia discolor K WAEK o FI Grccn star Shadc- Trcc>5cmn dblh .blcaciillsg RUBIACE,AE Tricalysia Bluc star spccies Sliub/ shl llblet ol igoncura ItUBIACEAE 'i'ricalysia pallcins TUIROMDUA Grcen star Slhade- Trec>5cmtbdbh bcarinig RUrACIAE Clauscna anisata SAMANOBI Grcn star Plioneccr Trec >5cn. dbh SAPINDACEAE Bliglhia sapida AKYE Grccn star NPLD Trce>5cm dblh SAIPINDACLAE L3igihia unijugata AKNYEBIRI Grcc stai Shade- Trcc>5cmn dbl bcaring SAl'INDACEAE Dcinbollia MMAI'A Grecn star Sihadc- TmrC>5cmi dbi grandi roli a beat itig SAl'INDACl,AL Lccaniiodiscus DWINDWELA Grcci star Shade- r'I'ice>5cm dblt cupanioides bear-inig SAPOTACEAE Clrysoplhyllumii DUATADWE Grccn star Shadc- 'I'rce >5cm dbb pruniiforiiic bearitig _ _~~~~~cwies _ - STERCULIACEAE Cola cariciiolia ANANSEAYA Grecen star Piunccir 'I'icc >Scm dbh S'l'ERCULIACEAE Leptonychia I:oToNUA Grecen star Shadc- 'T'icc >5cnm dbli pubescsmis ecarting ______~~~~~~~~species ______S-LEi{CULIACEAE Ncsogordonta DANTrA Pink stalr Shade- 'I'TCC >5CIll (Ibhi palpavcri fera bearing TILIAClAE Desplatsia Grccn star Shadc- 'I'rce >5cm dbli subericarpa cSONOWISAMl:IE bcatiig ______1______I3- .RE species _ _ _ _ ULMACEAE Celtis mlildbracdii ESA Greeo slar Shade- rice >5C.I dlb bcaring Lcgcnd NI'LD - Non l'ionccr Lighlt Dciianidcr g Appendix 3 Checklist of plant species for Opon mansi Forest Reserve Fanmily Scicn(ific nalilc Comnimoni nanic Srl- Guild Lifre ronu AGAVACEAE Dracacna Grecn Sliadc-bcairing Shrib I camcrooniana star spccics shrhlilct AGAVACEAE Dracacana surctilosa Grcen Shadc-bcaring Shrib / star species shriblet ANNONACEAIl Artabotrys AKOO-ANO Grccn Large stenopetaltis star woody .cliniber ANNONACEAE Fricsodicisia vClutinia Grccn Nl'LD spcecies Largc star woody cliiniber ANNONACEAE Isolona campanulata, Grccn Shade-bearing Trcc >5cm | star specics dhil ANNONACEAE Monodora myristica WEDEABA Grccn Shade-bearing lTrec >5cm star species dbi ANNONACEAE Monodora tenuifolia MOTOKURADUA Grecn Pioncer species T'ree >5cm star dHll ANNONACEAHi Xylopia villosa oBAAI Ul UO Grcen Shade-bcaring 'IFrcc >5cm star specics (ibiS Al'OCYNACEAE Alafia bartcri Grecn N13LD species Large star woody clintber AP(;CYNACEAE Aph.anostylis mannii Cliccn Shade-bcarinig Large star SpCCICS woody climibcr Al'OCYNACEAE B3aissca bicviloba Grecn Shade-bearing SiallaI star spccics woody climber AIOCYNACl AE Farquharia elliptica Grccn NIl'lD species Largc star woody climber -APOCYNACEAE 1 untumia africana OKAE Grcen Nl'LD species 'recI >5cm star _ (Ibl APOCYNACEAE l:unl.tUmia clastica I-RUNTUM4 lPiilk NI'LD species 'rce >5cm star dbhh APOCYNACEAE Landoiplia Grccn Largc owaricnsis star woody climiber A POC YNACEAE StrophanthlUs bartcri Girccn Pioneer species Large star wvoo(dy climbcr APOCYNACEAE Strophianthus gratus Pink Largc star wvoody climbcr ARY\CEAI.A Culcasia angolensis Green NPLD spccics star ARACEAE Rhaphidophora Grecn Shadc-bearing africaina star specics ASCLEI'IADACI.AE Dregca crinita Grecn Pionccr species Small star woody cclimber ASCLEI'IADACLA I Gongroncina GrecnC__ Pioniccr spCcies Small Famin ily Sciciitific nainic Coliiniaoni ma a c1 | Star Guild Li fe foi-r ______ra lin g latifoliumIl star woody climber) BOMB3ACACLEA[ Cciba pcntandr.a ONYINA Grccn | iionecr speciCs 'I'rcc >5c slar dhii CAESALI'INIACEAE Anithonotha TO1TORO Grecn Shade-bcairinig 'I'lcc >5cm niacroplhyla star spccics dbla CAESALPINIACEAE 13ussea occidcntalis KI'Ol>ORcl'rc Grcen NPLD species 'I'rcc >5cm _star dbh CALSALI'INIACEAE Dialiuii diniklagci DWEDWEEDWE Grcen NPLD spccies 'I'rcc >5cm star dbh CAESALLPINIACEAL Distemonanthus 13ONSAMDUA P'inik Nl'LD species TrCe >5cm bentham ianis star _dbh CAESALI'INIACEAE Griffonia Grccn Nl'LD species ILaige siuiiplicifolia star woody climbcr CELASI'TACEAE Campylosicimioti Grecn Largc woody angolcinsc star climibcr CELAST'IRACEAE I-lippocratca vignci Black Laige star woody c__li_bca e CELAS'I'RACEAE Locscnericlla Grecn P'ionecr spccics Large africana star woody CELAS'IRACIAE Siiiicratca Grcci Large wchvitschii star woody cii iriber COMMLLINACEAE Colcotrype laurcntii Gr-cein [-Iciab COMMELINACEAE P'alisola bari- i _ Grecn P'ionicer spccics I Icrb star CONNARACEAE Agclaca pcntagynia Grecia Sliadcl-bcaiiig Large agg. sar species woody CONNARACLAE Agcica paradoxa Grccn NP'LD spccics Large star woody cli lber CONVOLVULACEA[E Calycobolus MUl UO Grecii Largc africanius star woody cliinibchr CUCURBI'I'ACI.AL Gcrrardanihlus Grcen Pioneer species Smiiall pallictlatus star woodly DICI IAP'ET'ALACEAE Dichalpctalum Grccil Shdldc-bcarinig SsiaNl pallidum star specics woody climbiher EBUENACE3Al Diospyros vigilci Blue Sliade-bcarinlg 'I'rce >5cm star species (lbi EU'I IORBIACEAE Elacophorbia AKANI Grccn IPionccr species Trce >5cm gradiflirojia star dh1a I'ci Is I'tcris acantholICura G rccn l- crb sl_sar fean1s Adiantu.11 vogclii Grccn l[cab star Family Scicntific name Coniiioni 1 c St(ar Guild Life folGuii rating Icrns Lomariopsis Grccn gtUliccilsis star fcrns Microsorium Grccn Epiphytic pulincaturn star hicrb fcrns Arlbrop(cris palisotlii Grccn llcrb star ferns Pleris togocnsis Grccn 1-lcrb star F:LACOURTIACEAE Scottcilia klaincana TIABU'I'UO Pink Shadc-bcaiing 'rcc >5cm . ______star species dbli GRAM IN EAE Lcptaspis cochicala Grecn Shadc-bcari ng I lcrb star spccics GRAMINEAE Olyra latifolia Grccn Shladc-bcaring IIcrb star spccics GRAMINEAE Oplisilicnus lirtclltis Grecn I'ionccr spccics I-lcrh IIERNANDIACEAE Illigera pcntaphlylla Grccn NIlLD spccics Largc star woody cli inbcr ICACINACEAE Chlamilydorarya Gold Shadc-bcaring Smiall macrocarpa star spccics woody climiibcr ICACINACEAL Rliapliiostylis Grecn Shade-bcaring Largc bcniniicisis star spccics woody ICACINACEAL Rl1iaphijostylis UJluc Sliadc-bcarinig Lai ge cordifolia star spccics woody climbcr ICACINACEAE Rhaphiostylis Grcci Sliadc-bcarinig Large fcrruginca star spccics woody climber LECYI'l IIDACEAE Napolconaca vogclii oBUA Grccn Sliadc-bcaiinig Tree >5cm star spccies dbb LE-CYTIIIDACEAE lcicrsianitlius ESIA Grccn Pionccr species Trec >5cm macrocarpus star dbil LEEACEAL Lcca guinccisis Grccn Pioniccr spccics ShLrubI slar shIi ,,lIh t LOGANIACEAE Strychilos Grccn Laigc caimptonicura star woody climibcr LOGANIACEAE Stryclimos Grccn Nl'LD spccics Large phacotricha star woody ______|______c li i hbcr MARANTACEAE Alaciidia confecr-ta Grccin 1-crb star I'IARANTACEAL Hlypsclodelphys Grcci Pionccr spCeIcs violacca/poggcana star MARIANTACIEAE Salcophlynium Grcci Shadc-bcaring 1-Icrb brachystachys slar species -MELIACEAI Carapa proccra KWAtKUOBESE Grecn Shadc-bearing 'I'rec >5cm star species dOi MELIACEAL Enitandroplir-agmia EDINAM Rcd Nl'LD specics 'I'lcc >5cm lAnangolnse slar fdbh, i Mvill.lACl AI. Guiarca ccdrata KlWA13OHORO Pink Shadc-bcarin | 'I'rec>5c j Famiiily Scicitiflic liainc Coiniiiion ianie Star Guild Lif foriii star spccics dbh MELIACEAEI Khaya ivorcnsis DUBINI Scarilet NPLD spccies lTrcc >5cm star dbh MELIACEAEi Tricliia monadcIpha TANDRO Grccn Nl'LD speciCs T rcc >5cm star tibli MELIACEAE lTriciliia pricurcana KAIKADIKURO Grccn NIlLD species TIrcc >5cm star bldhi MELIACEAE Trichilia tcssmaninlii TANUNINI Grccu NIlLD spccics Ircec >5cm star dbli MELIACEAE Turracanillus APAI'AYE I'ink Sliadc-bcaring TIrcc >5cm africanuis star species dbl. MIMOSACEAE Acacia kamcrunicinsis Grccn NMILD spccies Large star woody climnibcr MIMOSACEAE Albizia zygia oKlORO Grecn NPLD species 'Ircc >5cm slar dbli MIMOSACLAL Cylicodiscus DENYAo Bluc Shadc-bearing 'Ircc >5cm gabuniciisis star species dbh MIMOSACEAE Piptadcniastrum DAHIOMA Pink Nl'LD spccics Free >5cm aFricaniumil star dbli OLACACEAE Olax gambccola Grccn Sliadc-bearing Shi lb / star cics shrtible OLACACEAE Ptychopctalum Grccn Shadc-bcaring Shrub / anscps _ star species shli uiel OLACACEAE Stronilbosia AFENA Grcen Sliade-bearinig 'Ircc >5cm glauccscens star species cblhh ORCI-I DACLAE Coryniboikis Grccn I-lcrb corymibis star IPALMAE Elacis guinccisis ABc Plink P'ionccr spccies 'rcc >5cm ______s tar db lm I'ALMAE Eremospatha link Large macrocarpa star vwoody ciimi ber I'ANDACEAE Microdcsiiiis oFEMA Grccil Shadc-beam iig 'Ircc >Scm _pubcrula star spccics dblh i'Al'ILIONACEAE Baphiia nitida oDWEN Grccn Sliade-bearing T'rcc >5cm star SCCiCS (Iblb PAPILIONACEAE Dalbcrgia afzeliana DAWA-DAWA Glcecn Nl'LD spccics Large star woody Climber I'AIPILIONACEAE Dalbergia Grecn Nl'LD spCeIcs Large oblongifolia star woody climbler I'Al'ILIONACEAE Lcptodcrris Green Large fasciculata star woody chinlbcr I'A1'ILIONACEAE Millettia zcchiania FAFRAIIA Grcen Pioncer spccics 'Ircc >5cm slar dIbh POLYGONACEAE Al'robruninliciiha Grcen Smlalil crccla star woody climber RH-IAMNACIAE Ventilago africania Grccil Lai ge .______slar w oqdy Family Scicitific m1im1c Comilit noliamilc Star Guild Life.fonn cliiiimcr RtUBIACEAE Aulacocalyx NTWESON Grccn Sliadc-bcaring 'I'rcc >5cm jasminiflora star spccics dbh RUBIACEAE Cliassalia kolly Grccil Pionccr spccics SlhrubI star shrublct RUBIACEAE Cofrca cbractcolata Grccn Shadc-bcaring Slhub I star spccics sliribict RU B11ACEA 1 Crcmaspora Iri nora Grecn Shadc-bca iing Large star spccies woody climber lUB3IACE3AE Eiuciliiia lonigiilora GYANEYA Grccii Slhrub / . star shrublct RUBIACEAI3 Psychotria Grccn Slhrub / pedutinclaris star slrtibict RIJBIACEAE T'arcniia fusco-flava Grccn NIlLD spccies Small star woody climber ItUUIACEAE 'I'ricalysia palIcns TUROMDUA Grccn Sliadc-bcarinig 'r cc >5cm star spccics dliii RUBIACEAE T'ricalysia rcticulata Bluc Shlub / star shrubiet RUTACEAE Clauscna aiisata SAMANOBI Grccn I'ioniccr spccics Trcc >5cm slar dlhh SAPINDACEAL Blighia sapida AKYE Grcc NI'LD specics Trec >5cm star dbh SAI'INDACEAE Chytranthus carmcus ONIBONANUA Grcci Sliadc-bcariiig 'I'rcc >5cm star spccics dbi SAPINDACILAE Chylrantihus ESUINIA Grecei Swamp) SpCCiCs Trcc >5cm macrobotrys star dbi SAl'INDACEAE Dcinbollia MMATA G-ccn Sliadc-bcaii ig 'i cc >5cml grandifolia star spccics dbli SAI'INDACEAL IPaullillia piniiata Grccn Pionccr species Smlall star woody ciiinlbcr- SAI'OTACEAL Aniiigcia robusta SAMIFENANINI Pulik Nl'LD spccis 'Iree >5cm star dblh SrERCULIACLAE3 Cola gigantca WATAPUO Grecn NIlLD spccis 'I'rcc >5cm slar dbl1 STI RCULIACLAE Leptonychia FoToNUA (iiccii Shladc-beaz ilig Ti cc -ScmI RULAcsccClE ' star spccics dl ST13RCULIACEAL Ncsogordonila DAN'I'A Pink Shadc-bcarinig TIcc >5cm papavcrif,cra slar spccics (Ibl STEIRCULIACEAE PAcrygota iiacrocarpa KYEItEYc Rcd Nl'LD spccics 'I' eSc>5i stal dlii STEKCULIACEAL Stcrculia obloiiga ol-IAA Grccn NPLD specics 'I'rec >5cm star (Ibli STLRCULIACEAL Sterculia Liagacantila SOFO Grccil Pionccr spccies 'I'rec >5cm STEI(CULIACEAE Triplocihitoni WAWA Scarict Pioneci spccics Trcc >5cm selcroxyloii star dbli ULMACEAL CGelis mildbracdii ESA Grccn Sliadc- Trcc >5c star bcaring dbi .______5li cc i_s Family Scicntific name | Commllon nanic Star | Guild Life form ] | l~~~~~~alinIgI ULMACEAE Cciltis zcnkcri ESAKoKo Grccn NPLD TIrcc >5cm star spccics dObh VERBENACEAE Clcrodendruiii capilatumil Grccn l'ioticcr Small star spCcics woody VERIBENACEAE Vitex grandifolia DINSINKRO Bluc star Shaldc- TIrcc >5cm bearinig dbli __ __ŽflS Eic &~~~. VIOLACEAE Riinorca subinitcgrifolia Grcen Shadc- Shrub / star bearing slirublcl ___CCiC_J Rcl'crciiccs Flail, J.B and Swainic, M.D. 1981. Distributioni and Ecology of Vascular lPlanis in Ghliaa. W. Junk, Thc l-laguc I-lawtioriic, W. 1995. Forcst of Gliana Gcographic Inforilationi Exhibitor maniual. IUCN/ODA/1 -cls Dcpt. rcpublic of Glana. I luitclinisoni, J. and J.M. Dalzicl. 1954-1972. Flora of wcst Tropical Afiica. Crown Agcnis, Londoni. IFauna 11 Aiinex 3-4 1Famund I 1st 3.2.1. INVERTEBRA TES/!NSECTS: I'ivhIum: MOLLUSCA Class: GASTROPODA (Siails) Achalinasp. (Snail) Arclhaclhatina sp. Pllluiuni: AItTIIIOOPODA Class: MYRIAPODA Julius sp. (Millipedc) Cla:ss: INSEICTA (Iiisects) Order: LEI'DOPTERA (B3utcrflics) * F:iailv: I'AI'ILIONIDAE Graphium pubicenIes Papilio cy)raeophOilo Papiliodeu,dclocus . Fatunilv: P'IEItIDAE Appius sylvia Caltopsilla flurell'i -Cuolxlls L'l/ippe Dixica CuyrJiCor71i1s AIylohllr issl Niephc'rnia ciigia * IF:mily: NYI\II1ALIDAE Acr/aa SJp. Bemu/tIiislis .%p. Bicyclhs sp). Cutlc/ropel'ru C/oW i/i/L' Oiuax~vesq.~ Cymolhu'.S/). Danlaus clhtysippus Euplhedra sl). I launanumidadeedalus Hypo7(linius11Z1N /isllippus Ncpis .s'p. Phlalanta plial/autoi Salcwnllis anlacalrdii * Famuuily: IIESIERIDAE Cclu'norr/liulux proxiuna CvliideLs pipisiru.tts Omiswlr)(Icv I'llollia l'Pyrrhochulcisiphis Ta(gliffdesflL'.wo * I y:In':SATIYRVDAE A * Family: LYCAENIDAE Order: OTI IOPTERA (Grasshoppcrs) Cytriacuniihactrisslp Zonwcc0os vari'gutils Orler: IIYMENOPTEIRA (Ants, Bces) Ordcr: ODONA1'A (Dragoniflics) 3.2.2 AMPHIBIANS: Cliss: AMPIIIBIA Order: ANURA (SALIENTIA) * Fimily: 1I'l'lDAE (ClawcdToads) AkLnopJias. tropicalis (Clawcd Toad) Famiily: IIYI'LEROLlIDAE Afriavuls Ilvrsalis (Lcaf foldcrs) A. Iuevis -A. mer icensiv Ilyperolity baui,na,,ie (Rccd frogs) 1-1.boblrenisis 11. concolor /I.fiesscive/ris (Eiideiiiic) 11. glu{tlaluS' IL. glajejiti IL. picIrl-Citis Il. sylvuticus (Endcinic) 11. to/ cldis +11. I'ridtfluIs, IL. vinidigldosuts l ,%muua.arbutvola (Running Frogs) LLpropehls hjyloivicd (Trcc Fi ogs) L. mzucruotis L occi(dleatli1s * 1F;lilly: IIEMISIDAE (Shovcl-noscd Frogs) IkleisuIs glliunellis (Slhovcl-zioscd Frog) * Fa mil': ARTlI I ROLLI'TIDAE (Sqrucakcrs) Arl ilroleplispvoeci/uliotus ,1. vanabilis A, 1y101C7In, s occlc',l,tll,s Cua dlogluss(l l'IICOI?IJ'hLx SchunlOdcCnl'IIla bivi aula * Family: RANIDAE (Frogs) Autbrii si,bs,gillanla Co,lralwa ollci B C de'rvui +Dicroglossusoccipilalis (Comllmlloll Frog) +Ilylarana albolabris (Commiiiion Frog) 1I. occidentialis P'itzr'iobullachius accilvnlsis (I'uddlc Frogs) P. a/lleti 1' batesii P. calcaaa/us 1'. ghantcetsis 1'. giuluirosui (Guttural Crickct Frog) P. liberien.sis P. plicaltus P. villiersi I'iyclhdlcnia oequipi/IlCatu (Sharp-noscd Frog) P. lon1gir'ostrlis P. Iniaccalt4yensis P. InlJscurcnlicnsis(Mascarcilc Frog) 1'. supercilialwis * F:amily: 13UFONIDAE (Truc 1'oads) Uiffo iniacuilatuts + B. reguldais (Comimioni Toad) + B. suxp'iciliaris (Giant Toad) B. togociusis * F:anmily: RIIACOIIIORIDAE *Chii,oniua,,Js r!fesccns (Foamii-nicsl Trcc l:rog) Order: APODA (GYMNOI"I1ONA) *lFiriiy: CAECILIDAE (Lcg-lcss Amilplibianis) G'ollypeles .seraphIini (Caccili iun) 3.2.3 REPTILES CIlass: REPTILIA Order: CIIELONIA (TESTUDINATA) * F;,iamily: I'ELOM EDUSIDAE (Sidc-ncckcd Tcrrapins) + * I'cllmdcul.sa .sitbi fa (Marsh lTcrrapi n) /IS2/ * 1'clusios gabownwsis (Gaboon Tcrrapin) /S:Z/ '. ,iigeCr /S42/ * Inily: 1'TESTUDINIDAE (-linge-back LandTorloiscs) + Kinixys erovsa (Swciggcr's 1-liingcback) /C2/ /S2/ K liotuicalla (llingcd lortoisc) /C.2/ /S.2/ * I:m";ilv: IYlUONYCl l lDAE (Soft-shellcd I tlLJICs) I Ti-ionyx Iiahinguis (Rivcr TIurtle) /I24 Ord1Er: SQUAMA'rA (Lizards and Snakcs) Suborder-: LACEIRTILIA (SAURIA) (Lizards) * Fa:imily: AGAMIDAE +Agunma gainia (Agania/Rainbow Lizard) A. pcal aguo/na [sylvanusI C * Family: CIIAMAI.LEONIDAE (Chamclcons) + * Chumacleo graci,hs (Chamclcon) IC.2/ * Fazimily: GEKKONIDAE (Gcckos) Anicyilodactyliu. .vpiiiicollis +I-kcmiclact iuls brookci (Commilon I louse/Brookc's Gccko) H.Ufasciatlus (Bandcd Gecko) +Lvgodactylus conrauli L. picilurauifs Vnmily:I LACERTIDAE(Spiny-footcd Lizards) 1loluspis gutelnlfulri * Family: SCINCIDAE (Skimnks) CophoVcincopus (hwuns Lj'gosomafeiwancli Mabuya albilabriis +M. af/ints AM.polyiropis AH!.iodenibiugi A'Iochlus gmi:lCL'llsis Pa maspis togoensis * Family: \'AIRANIDAE (Monitors) '- * Varainuius niloticim (Nilc Monitor) IC.2/ /S.2/ * Family: AMPI IISBAENIDAE (Lcg-lcss/Wori- Lizarcds) Amphi.shacna tmutd/lleni (Wonm Lizard) SihordAer: SERPENTES (OPH-IDIA) (Snakcs) * Family: TYPIILOP'IDAE (Blind/Glass Snakcs) Typhilops caccalus (Blind Snakc) T. pnlCiaius (Spottcdl Blindc/Glass Snake) * Family: LEPTOTYPIILOPIDAE (Wonn/fhrcad Snakcs) Leptotyphiops hicolor (Worm Snakc) L. nar-uosiris L.sumuzc' ia//i * Family: BOII)AE (Boas/Pythons) Calabariia reilinhicdii (Burrowing/Calabar Python) F+ lyP1, .%lebac' (African/Rlock Pytlhoni) /C.2/ IFamily: COLU13RIDAE (Typical Snakcs) Appcmmallaclzs mockics Allraclaspis ateClriulia A. corpidlec'tc( (Burrowing Vipcr) /f. irreIuluris A. ,cliculala Boiga blanh1/lgi (Blanding's/Brown Trcc Snakc) iB.pulverkata (Powdcry Trce Snakc) othiuop/hlalminmus lIuwahiex (Rcd-Imncd Snakc) ChOamLaYclA /(lfasclutus Da.spchiisxfsciala (Egg-cating Snake) Dipsadcoboa dutchesuji D D. uPnicCVk Gonionolopihts klingi (Lcsscr File Snakc) Grayia smylhii (Smyth's Watcr Snakc) HIop)sicloph)ly. [Gaxtropyxis] lincala (Grcen-l iincd Snakc) 11. snaragd1ina H-Io,monotus mnocestus (Small Forcst Snakc) Lampr-ophis [Boaedonl ir r oraliin (Housc Snake) L. [B.] oli'accum (Gaboon Watcr Snakc) L. [B.] vir,gaft trn Lycoplicioiniiloleile (Wolf/Wall Snla.kc) L. nigroraciculaltui Mcltclya guirali M. pocnsis (WcsLcrin File Snakc) hl. stcnoplhitiiiis Natricitcrcsfiliginioidcs (Marsh Snakc) N. varicgata Natrix [Afronat-iix] anoscopus (Watcr/Ficrcc Snakc) +PIhilolhanmus carinatus (Grecn Trcc Snakc) +P. hltcrodrle s (Forcst Frog-calcr) P. niiidux (Trcc Frog-catcr) Putemon acanthlima P. barZthi P. netllwiclli Psammiophii pjhillipxi (Olivc Grass Snake) Thelolotornis kirtlan1dii (Twig/Vinc/Bird Snakc) Thi-asopsx actiiopivsa (Black 1'rcc Snakc) 7: occideilulix * Faiily: ELAIPIDAI, (Cobras and Mambas) Dcndroaspisjoaicnsoni (Traill's/Grccn/Trcc Mamba) +D. viridis (Grccn/Trcc Mamba) +Naja mclanolcuca (Black-and-whitc Cobra) Pseuidohajc [NajaJ nigra (Falsc Cobra) P. [N.] goldli (Gold's Cobra) * F:aniilv: VIPERIDAE (Vip)crs and Adclcrs) Althet ix chlorlcchis (Grccn Trce Vipcr) A. squandigela +Buili gaboiiica (Gabooni AdderNipcr) +17. nasicoinis (Rhinoccros Vipcr) Cauisus maculatus (Nighlt Addcr) C liclhtc7.l'tCiin Ordl( r: CROCOI)ILIA * Family: CItOCODILIDAE * &ocodylus calaphiwactui (Slcnder-sinouled Croc) /I/ IC. /S.1/ + ' Oscolacung tesliaspis (W. A frican Dwarf Crocodi Ic) /I/ /C.I/ /S.I/ 3.2.4 BIRDS Class: AVES (Birds) * F1-amily: PI IALACROCORACIDAE (Cormlorants) Pliclacrocorav afinicanius(Long-tailed Cormloranit/Slhag) f*aily: ARDEIDAE (I-Icrons, Egrcts, Bittcnis) Ardea cincira (Grcy 1-lcron) A. purlpiurca (Purplc 1llcron) + * Bubulcus ibis (Cattle Egrct) IS.I/ Ihtoritces silialli (African Grccn-backcd I-leroin) * Egriltla olba (African Grcat Whlitc Egrct) IS. 1/ E. arclesiaca (Black 1-Icron) * E. gaircIla (Littic Egrct) /S.I/ C. itlermzlcia (Yellow-billcd Egrct) Lvobiychius miuiulits (Rcd-ncckcd/Littic Bittcrn) 1. stluriii(African Dwarf Bittcrn) Nycic rmx nyclicoarca (Night 1-icron) * F:milv: CICONIIDAE (Storks, Jabirus, Wood-ibiscs) * Cicoa,iac piscopus. (Wliite/Woolly-ncckcd Stork/Bishop) /5.2/ * Family: SCOPIDAE (Hammcrhicads) Scopus timobirel a (Lcsscr l-laiimmcrhcad/l-lamnilcrkol)) * Famil: 'ITIIRESI(IORNITIIIDAE (lbiscs, Spoonbills) * Boshl'chia Ihagcclash (Wcst African Wadada,/ladada Ibis) /S.2/ * I;a.mily: ANAI'IDAE (Ducks, Gccsc, Swans) * Dendrocygpa vichiala (WVhitc-faccd T'rcc Duck/'Wihli-wishii) /S. I/ * Nctlapus aulmriAi (Dwarf/Pygmy Goosc) /S. I/ ' I'cP l roptermI gamnbinsis (Spur-wingcd Goosc) /. I/ * Pwrto,tewta lia illauibii (Ilartlaub's Duck) IS. I! * Fimily: ACCII'ITRICIDAE (Ilawks, Eaglcs, Kitcs, Buzzards) * Accipiter-badiiis (Eritrcan Shikra) IS.I/ * A. costanilius (Chcstnut-flankcd Goshawk) /S.I/ * A. mellanolecuCs (Black/Grcat Sparrow-liawk) /S.I/ * A. mini/nils[eytury opus] (Wcst African Littlc Sparrow-hawk) IS.I/ * A. iousscnhti (African Goshawk) /S.1/ * Aquiila wvalilbergi (Wahlbcrg's Eaglc) /S.1/ * Elanus cacrulcuv (Black-shouldered Kite) /C.2/1/S 1/ + * Gjypohlicra avigolecisis (Palm-nut Vulturc/Vulturinc Fish-caglc) /C2/ /S., / * Kaupifalco mnonogr-aminncus (Lizard Buzzard) /S.I/ * Milvits migrans (African Black Kitc) /I.1/ * Ncophironi monachIIu (Common/I-loodcd Vultuirc) /C.2/ /S.I/ * Poleinacwes bellicosus (Martial Eagic) /S.I/ * I'olybromides radiants (Wcst African F-larricr-hawk) /5I1/ * Slephanoactims cajonoatuis (Crowncd l-lawk-cagle) /S.I/ * Teratihopius ccaidclaiurs (Batclcur Eagic) /S.I/ * Trigonoceps occtpttalls (Whitc-hcadcd VultLurc) /S. I/ * Uroatr iorcIris miacr-ourrs (Long-tai lcd l-lawk) /jS: // * lajEi: FALCONID,tE (IFaicons, Kcsticls, i lobbics) * IFalco ardlosiaccris (Grcy Kcstrcl) IS. 1/ * F. hiarmicus (Abyssinian Lanner Falcon) /S. I * F cuivicrt (Aliican I-lobby) /S.I/ * F:amily: PIIASIANIDAE (Quails, Francolins, Bush-fowl, Guinca-fowl, Phcasants) * Age/a.les iiileagr-ides (Whitc-rufTed/brcastcd Guinca-fowl) IE/J/S.1I * FrancolinnA aha,uensi.s (Ahanta Francolin) /IS.1/ * Fa1lbugiulari%(Whitc-tlhroalcd Francolin) /S .1 P.: baculcaialais (B3usli-fowl/Doublc-spurrcd Francolin) IS.I/ * Nuiimda sialeagris(Gray-brcastcd/Coiimmon nHclimct Guinca-fowl) IS.11 * Piilopaci/a peirosais(Stonc Partridgc) IS.I/ * lFnmilY: IHELIOMNITIIIDAE (Finfoots) P'odica acnc,fi,tuk is (Scwcgal Finfoot) * Famil : ItALLIDAE (Rails, Cools, Crakcs, Moorlhcns) Lai,siocoaaxflavirosira (Black Crakc) * Familv: CIIAIRADItIIDAE (Lapwiigs, Plovcrs, Wadcrs, Stilts. Avoccis) Airvsaala macipmr (Tumstonc) CulaldH alpina (Dunhli) C. canulti (KInol) C nainiuda (Littic Stint) C Icstacca [fermrigincaJ (Curicw Sandpipcr) C forbcai (Forbcs's Thrcc-bandcd Illovcr) C hlicinicilu (Riigcd l'lovcr) C maquagalait. (Whitc-fronllcd Sand-plovcr) C peciari-h. (KiLIliLe.s Sand-plovcr) Ihaiuintop,i.s Ianiautiaopai (Black-wingcd SliIL) Limiwoa lupponucu (Bar-tailcd God-wit) Numemias phacopuis (Whimbrcl) 'lllulo,aaachuispigilax (Rtufi) Rccoavirarsia a avoeslla (Avocct) * 7iinga glaircoa (Wood Sandpipcr) T. haypulctico (Comimiiloni Sanidpipcr) 7' n'ebildar (Grcciishank) T. uag;natiliS (Marsli Sandpipcr) 7: tolumuis (Rcdslianik) Vancellus.cnegalms. (Scncgal Wattled lPlovci) * FI msiily: JACANIDAE (Jacanas) Actophilalirnsna'ujacUala (Africaui Jacana/Lily-troticr) * I:,iuiil: JU:URIIIINII)AE (luiick-kinccs, Stonc-curIcws) Bit; hmnaus .sen'almisu. (Scncgal Thick-knluc) * F:lmulY: GLAtEOLIDAI (Courscrs. Pratiimcolcs, Crocodalc-birds) Cur.so:ua. IcaimiunaicA, (lcminnunck's Courscr) Glls'reli,umadaIha.m (Collared lPraliiicolc) * I-:iily: LAII)AE (Gulls, Tcnis, Skuas, Noddics) Aaauis fcniuro.Uin (Whitc-cappcd/Black Noddy) Lara fi.ac.i (Lcsscr Black-backcd Gull) * Sc'a albifufo,s (Wcst African Liltic Teri) IS:2/ * S. balacniaruill (Dainara Tcmn) /R/ IS:2/ .S.coutgail (Roscalc Tcrn) IS.24 * hSl11r71do (Comimion Trc) /S.2/ SS. iaiiawiaai (Af'rican Royal Trnm) IS2/ *S. ilgia (Black lcmn) IS2/ * .S. . anidvicc,.sis (Sandwich Tcn) /S.2/ * FIamil : COLUMBIDAE (Pigconis, Dovcs) G • Colthlemba mnalhlrbii (Gabooni Bronzc-napcd Pigcon) /5.2/ • C. uinicincla (Scaly Grcy/Grey Wood/Afcp Pigeon) /S.2/ * .SJItrC)eopeliw.vceimilorqutatct (Black Pigconi/Rcd-cycd Dovc) IS.2/ * StIrcpto)eliusenegaIcnsis (Laughing Dovc) /S.2/ *S. vinacca (Vinaccous Dovc) /S:2/ +* Ti-erCor/ sliaIlis (Grccn Fruit-pigcon) /S.2/ * T bre/,IItteri (Bliuc-licadc(l Dovc) /S.2/ * Taillr cfer (Rcd-bcllicd/billed Wood-dovc/Bluc-spoltcd Dovc) f.S:2/ * r . lYilpaniAlria (Tambourine Dovc) /5.2/ Family: PSITI'ACIDAE (Lovc-birds, Parrots, Parrakccts, Macaws) * Agapor-nis p/711liaria (Rcd-hcadcd Lovcbird) /S.2/ * Poiceplalhi.v senegi'thi.v (Ycilow-bcllicd/ billcd/Scnegal lParrot) /S.2/ • P.viuacaula Armnfi (Senegal Long-tailed Parrakeet) /S.2/ * P.Ajaclis crit hacus (Grcy Parrol/Jaco) /C.2/ IS.2/ * Family: CUCULIDAE (Cuckoos, Coucals, Roadrunilcts) Cen:trolms.v leutcogastlcr (Black-throalcd Coucal) C .venegalensis (Senegal Coucal) Clrysococcyx cutprdeis (Emerald Cuckoo) C. caplrius (Didric Cuckoo) C. klnasi (Klaas's Cuckoo) Clalmactor levaillanti (Lcvai Ilant's Cuckoo) Cuicedutis clalziosais (Black Cuckoo) C. gullar/is (Ycilow-billcd Cuckoo) * Family: i\USOPIIAGIDAE (Planitain-catcrs, Touracos) * Colythaeola cristfala (Grcat Bluc Touraco/P'lantain-cater) /S.2/ * COiniger piscator (Grcy Plantain-catcr) /5.2/ * AMisopliaga violacca (Violet Plantain-catcr) /S.2/ * Taitraco pcr.aa (Gold Coast/Guinca/Grccn-crcstcd Touraco) /C.2/ /5.2/ * Family: SlTRIGIDAE (True owls, Eagic-owls, Scops owls) * Bi,bo af-ricamiu.m (Spotted Eaglc-owl) /5.1/ * Family: CAPRIMIULGIDAE (Nighitjars) Cp)rnnimIdgu.)s biniotatuts (Brown/Dusky Nightjar) C. c/hm,actrus.(Long-tailcd Nighltjar) C. inorinats (Plain Nighi[jar) * Faimnily: Al'ODIDAE (Swifts, Pinc-tails, Mouscbirds) AJIiis a.VJia.i (Littlc African Swift) A. aplms (Comimloln Swift) A. aiCexi (Batcs' Black Swift) A. coffAr (Whitc-runipcd Swift) Cliauctria cassini (Stumpy-tailcd/Cassin's Pinc-tailed Swift) C. sabinii (Long-lailcd/Sabine's Pinc-tailcd Swift) C. rnslwxeri (Camcroun Mottled-throatcd/Usslhcr's Pinc-tailed Swift) C'y/sJ/U/ Iiipalvus (WVCst Afri can l'alm-swift) * FI:niily: ALCEDINII)At I(IIAI,CYONIIDA.E) (Kinlgl ishicls) Alcedlro cristata (MalaclitLc Kiiigfishier) A. /lecoga.vter (Whitc-bellicd Kingfisher) A. quadri/ihrachyv (Slhining-bltc Kingfislhcr) Cceylc ri rlls (pied Kingfishicr) Cvyx picla (Pygmy Kiingfislhcr) C lecoCi1ci (Rcd-licadcd Dwarr Kingfishier) llalcyon bacha (Clhocolate-backcd Kingfislhcr) H-/.chelicuiti (Stripcd Kinglislicr) IL. lencoccphala (Grcy-licadcd KingFislher) IL. imalimbica (Bluc-brcastcd Kingfislicr) I. senegaleiixis (Scncgal/Woodlanid Kingflshcr) MWegaclhiylc navximna (Giant Kingfislicr) Family: BUCEROTIDAE (1-lornbills) Bilcorvius abyssinici:s (Ground l-lormbill) Bycanisicsfistulatotr(Pipi ng I-lornbi ll) 1. cyhiJnd/r'ic:is (Browvn-clhcckcd l-lormbill) 13.subcylindi-icus (Grcy-clieckcd l-lormbi ll) Cerataogj'nmna atrata (Ungung/Black-casqucd l-ormbil I) C clati (Yellowv-casqucd l-lormbill) Tockus canninrs (Red-billcd Dwarf Hornbill) T erythr-orlhynicihtis (Rcd-bcakcd l-lornbill) T. nastaux (Grcy Dwarf l-lormbill) T.fasciatus (I'icd/Allicd l-lornbill) Triopicinitsx c7lboctrisiatis (Wlitc-crcstccl I lorIbill) * Family: CAI'ITONIDAE (Barbcts, 'Iinker-birds) B:lccanodlun c(liailliti(Duchaillu's Ycllow-spotted Barbet) Gymniobucco calvuts (Naked-faccd Barbct) Lybius (hubiuts (Bcardcd Barbct) L. hitirsutus (1liaiiy-brcastcd Barbct) L. vicilloti (Rcd-spottcd/Vicillot's Barbct) Pogontilli. alrJJlavius (Rcd-rutm pcd Tinkcr-bird) P. Icucolainia (Lcimon-rumiiped Tinker-bird) P. scolopaccus (Specklcd Tinkcr-bird) P. .vsbsulplurLeits (Yellow-throatcd/Lcast Tinker-bird) * Family: CORACIIDAE (Rollers) Cworaciav abyssinica (Abyssinian Rollcr) C. naaevia (IRtufous-crowincd Rollcr) Emtysionis glaicutrItus (Broad-bi Ilcd Rol Icr) E. gttairis (Bluc-tlhroatcd Roller) * Family: MEROPIDAE (Bcc-catcrs) Mer ops albicollis (BIuc-crowncd/Wlhitc-throatcd Bcc-caler) Mcitops buillocki (Rcd-tliroatcd Bcc-catcr) Xi. gulari.. (Black Bcc-catcr) M'!.Imturclkiri (Bluc-licaded Bcc-catcr) Fanmilyh U l'UPI DAE (PI IOENICU LI DA 1,) (1-loopocs, Wood-lhoopocs) l'ltocnicidus castanciccps (Gold Coast/Forcst Wood-hoopoc) * Family: I'ICIDAE (Woodpcckcrs) Cain pthiera catoli (Brown-eared Woodlpcckcr) C. nauctlova (Goldcn-backcd Barred Woodpecker) C njivoxa (BtIff-spottcd Woodpcckcr) C punctilhigeia (1inie-/Black-speckled Woodpcckcr) Denhi-opicosfitscescens (Cardinal/Littlc Woodpccker) D. gabonensis (Gabon/Melancholy Wodpeckcr) Mcsopicos goeiteu (Wcst African Grcy Woodpcckcr) M. pyrrhuogasfer (Flirc-bcllicd Woodpcckcr) * Famillh: ALAUDIDAE(Larks) Alirafrua rifocinnamwonea (F lappct Lark) * Famill: CAMI'EI'IIAGIDAE (Wood-/Cuckoo-slirikcs) Camnpeplhagaphoelnic'a(Rcd-slhouldcrcd Cickoo-shrikc) Coracinia az:urea (Bluc Cuckoo-shirike) * Family: COIRVIDAE (Crows, Magpics) +Corn's albius (flicd Crow) I'tilosloniu.is aferl (Piapiac/ Black Magpic) * Famnily: DICIRUlRIDAE (Drongos) Dicrrl-uis adsi,nilis [moidcstus] (Glossy-backcd Drongo) D. atr-ipeiilnis (Shiiniing Drongo) D. ludivigi (Squarc-tailcd Drongo) * Familv: ESTRI tILDIDAE (Waxbills, lirc-finiclics, Ncgro-finhcics, Mainnikinis) * Lstriila betngalu (Rcd-clicekcd Cordon-blcu) IS.2/ EE. ilpod/u (Orangc-cihcckcd Waxbill) /S.2/ E. tr-oglodyics (Black-ruiiped Waxbill) IS.21 * Lagono.a icia rujfopicta (Bar-brcastcd Firc-finchi) /S.2/ *L. senegula (Rcd-billcd/ Sencgal Firc-flnch) /S.2/ * * LouclI,,1- biaLlor-(Black-anid whlite Nlaninikini) /S.2/ * L. cuclilaia BIonIc Mannikin) IS.2/ Nigrita bicolor (Chestniul-brcastcd Negro-finiclh) N. canicupilla (Grcy-crowincd Ncgro-flncil) N.fJisconuta (Wlitc-brcastcd Ncgro-filncll) Pirciesics osrinnus (Black-bcllicd Sccd-crackcr) Spenlnophiaga liciaeiatiua (Bluc-billcd Sccd-crackcr/Wcavcr) * FImimily: 1MBERIZIDAE (FRINGILLIDAE) (Bunl1in1gs, Canarics) Emibeiau cubuni.v, (Cabani's/YcIlow Bunlilng) * Sciuimm mozaumbicw (Yellow-fronted Can1ary) /S.2/ * Famuiily: IlIltUNDINIDAE (Swallows, Marltins, Rough-winigs) - Ilti-undo uby.sinica (SLripc-brcastcd Martini/ Lesscr Stripcd Swallow) /I. aueliuopica (Ethiopiani Swallow) IL. cdw,rica (Rcd-rumipd Swallow) I /fidigula (Africani IRock-mllarLin) 1-1.iligrile (Whilc-lihroatcd Bluc Swallow) I1 scicgculeuies. (Mosquc Swallow) PI.uldqopiocne nileins (Squarc-lailcd Rough-winged Swallow) * FaImily: LANIIDAE (Slirikcs, Tscliagras, Gonolcks, Gladialtols) Diyoscopus gulmbenims (Gambiail Plulff-back Shril c) Lo,iiarius buabaru,, (Gonolck/Barbary Shrikc) Lamuitis colhlui. (Iiscal Slhrikc) Niluits afrrc (Northcrin Brubru Shrikc) Prionops ccmiccps (1-lclmiet-slhrikc) * FamIily: IOI'ACILLIDAE (Wagtails, Pipits, Long-clalws) A,itlitis ccwvinus (Plain-backcd/Rcd-throatcd Pipit) A. irivialis (Trcc Plipit) Macronyx croceuis (Ycilow-throated Long-claw) Motacilla :guilnip (African Plicd Wagtail) F ily:I M USCICAI'IDAE (Flycatchcrs, Wattle-cycs) AIrtoniyias uissi-ri (Usslhcr's Dusky Flycatchcr) Balisk i.vuiia (Grey-hcadcd/Pluff-backcd Flycatchcr) B3.selnegaletnsis (Scncgal Pluff-backcd Flycatclicr) Ll3adol-nis pallidiUs (I'aIc Flycalclicr) Eqylhi-oceLcusimiocalli (Rcd-tailcd/Chcstn ut-cappcd Flycatchcr) F;asclriacinerascens (Whitc-browcd Forcst/Shrike- Flycalchcr) MelaeILnoniis cdvolioiides (Black FlycaLchcr) AX.cussini (Cassin's Grcy l:lycatciher) MAyioparus phlibeLts (Grcy Tit-babblcr/Flycatchcr) PaIu)olyeiwI conUcicta (Goldcn- /Chcstnut-bcll icd Wattlc-cyc) TersipIloite [Tch:itrca] viricdis (Paradisc l lycatclicr) T IujiventeiL (Rcd-bcllicd Ilaradisc Flycatchcr) TiochucwcmvC nigrCoiliit-Callts (Dusky Crcstcd l:lycatcher) * FI imilv: NECITARINJIDAE (Sunbirds) AiIthceptes.v collor-is (Collarcd sunbird) A1.firaJci (Frascr's Scarict-tuflcd Sunibird) A. loigiuemilar-ei (Violct-backcd Sunbird) Nectariinia acielberti(Bui f-tlhroatcd Sunbird) V. butcsi (Batc's Sunbird) V.chllomlig:.s (Olivc-bcllicd Sunbird) N. cocciniguste.'r (Splcndid Sunbird) N. cupr-eus (Coppcr Sunbird) N. cyaniolciniia (Bl uc-thlroatcd Brown Sunbird) N. olivucca (Olivc Sunbird) N. pulchIela (Beautiful Long-tailed Songbird) N. scinrmnui (Littic Grccn Sunbird) N. sciwgalci:sis(Scarlct-brcastcd Sunbird) N. siqm-bo (Superb Sunibird) Flihil:I ORIOLIDAE (Oriolcs) Oriiolis aulalits (Alrican Goldcni Oriolc) 0. braclyr)lwhncl1ns (Black-hcadcd Oriolc) 0. nig:ipcnius (B3lack-wiingcd Oriolc) * Family: I'ARIDA (Tits) l'rIIII.V L'eiComIeIlV (Whliic-shouldcIcd Bl3ack Til) * Family: I'LOCEIDAE (Wcavcr-birds, lalm-birds, Sparrows, Bishops) * EiiplcCesV cafcr (Napolcon Wcavcr/llcd-crowncd Bishop) /S.2/ * E. orix (Orange/Rcd/Littlc Bishop) /S:2/ * Malimbus mahnibicus (Crested Malimube) /S.2/ * M. i/cins (Blue-billcd Malimbc) /S.2/ * M. ribricollis (Rcd-hcadced Wcavcr/Malimbc) IS42/ * Md. scutalus (Rcd-vciitcd Wcavcr/Malimibc) /S:2/ +P'aisse- giriseus (Grcy-hcadcd Sparrow) * Ploccus caslnicofitscus (Clicstniut Wcavcr) IS.2/ ± 1'. cucililatius (Villagc Wcavcr) /S.2/ * P lieligiii (1-lcnglini's Maskcd Wcaver) /S.2/ * P. inclunoceplhalhs (Black-licadcd Wcavcr) /S.2/ 1K * P. pizelni (Littic/Slcindcr-billcd Wcavcr) /S.2/ * P. s.upsercilousus (Compact Wcavcr) /S:2 • P. vdau.s (Vitcllinc Maskcd Wcavcr) /S2/ Quclea Cryhi-/ops (Rcd-licadcd Dioch/Quelca) *Fam:ilyl: I'YCNONOTIDAE (Bulbuls, Otokus, Unritlc-bills, Lc,lf-lovcs) Anudropadus gracalhrostlis(Slcidcr-ballcd Otok) A. grucilhs (Oiok/LitLic Grcy Grccnbul) A. laulirostis (YcIlow-wh6kcrcd Otok) A. wvrcnis (Littic Grccn Bulbul) Ducpopgon iiidiculor (Whitc-tailcd/i-loncy-guidc Grccnbul) IBlda culicap)illa (Grcy-hcadcd Bristle-bill) D. sjndacij'lu (BriMllc-bill) CiGi7ger burbulus (Bcardcd Bulbul) * C oli'aceus (Ycilow-throatcd Bulbul) IVI .unuoliuS Sulfatiu (Spoticd Bulbul) Nacalor7 chloris (Wcst African Nicalor) Plillaslrcpl,ar.s Jluavcollis (Ycllow-thlroatcd Lcor-lovc) /. icler-nus (Lcsscr Ictcrinc Grccnbul) * Fnmily: SALPORN 1ITHIDAE (Crccpcrs) SalpoluaiLs .palunalu (Nilc Spottcd Crccpcr) * Fnnailv: S'l'UltNIDAE (Starlinigs) Lumptvrotorn,m cuultaUts (Lonlg-tailcd Glossy Starling) L. cupII COccituda (Coppcr-tailcd Glossy Stat liig) * L puiapuimcus (Purple Glossy Starliig) L .spIlendiduada (Splendid Glossy Starling) * Ftmmlv: SYLVIIDAE(Warbicrs,Cisticola..CliT-ciharrs, Cunaroptcias,Glasm-cycs) (50) Apulisflavdad (Ycllow-chcstcd Apalis) Cwaaarop:cra braevicaudata (Grcy-backcd Camaropicra) C. svywiccilhra.i (Ycilow-browcd Glass-cyc/Camaroptcra) Cisticula ba aclp era (Short-wiaig Grass-warbicr/Sil iiig Cimicola) Ercaaaomnelapasill/u (Grccn-backcd Ercmomclca) Il)lh/) pui imu (Grcei I lylia) Ilypcr,geLtus alricq)s (Molho/Oriolc Babbler/Warbler) J'171ia 'rJhlroJplcIa (A frican/URcd-wi ngcd WarbIcr) P. subfluvu (Wcbt African Primia) Shaloeucucs ,,,iatdlis (Moustached Scrub-wai bicr) Sylir' vare,.s (Grccn Cronibcc) * Fa;mily: *riMALIIDAE (l3abbicrs, Akalats) Mulocuctincla cleavDan (Blackcap Akalat) 7;, do:decs plebeia (Browii .abblci) * I:ainmlv: *rUlDIDAE (Tlhrushes, Alcilics,Cliats, Nighiungalc, Ekwalati) (23) ulltilhe hudde,autuc (Wliitc-tailcd Firc-crcst Alcilhc) Ceicoaaclijwnhalcaairs (SIpcckvrcicr/Ccrcomilcil/itcd-Lailcd Cliat) Alyroni.cocichllu ajilbafrons (Whitic-accd Black Chatl SRl/pih oUJJII yuti uthlw i (ForcsL Robin) * l y:i: ZOS1EIRtOPIDAE (Whitc-cycs) ZoterfJop. sCiJeigalcilM ( Ycl low/Scncgal WliI c-cyc) L Class: MAMMALIA Order: INSECTIVOIO A * i,ilyv: SOiiUCDAi5 (Shrcws) Crcoadurua spp. (Whiic-tootlhcd Shrews) C. guiiadiccpi. (Large-headed Forest Shrew) Or:!er:d(LITI TPIiR'D A Stiborler: MECACHIR01TERA * i_....;i. vr.PT?)lhflfrelfAr. Eidoloi lIscivaii (African Fruit Bal) IS.2/ * I-Immi.enailnus mourorus (I-Iamincrhcadcd Bat) I,/21 * Nanounyc'ri.s i'ddkampi (VcMdIamp's Dwarf Bat) IS.2/ Megaloglouus ivocriermunn (Long-tongucd Bat) IS.2/ Siubordler: MICROCIIIROPTERA * FRimil: RtIIINOLOIPIIIDAE (Horscshioc Odis) I 1lippwiaidrms.p. (Lear-noscd Bats) IS.2/ * a:umilv: VESI'EItTILIONIDAE (Vcspcr Bats) 0 vMunidlho muluonleyi (MVoloncy'bi';ahuid BIa!) jS:2j *Ii ppsptrellus 3ppw. (PipisirclIcs) IS:24 Ortler: PRIMATES PIl'cu'rodicoI.mpollf (Cominon/II/Bosm3lans 'oLto) /C2/ IS. 1/ * F:amil : GALAGONIVAE * Galgoasgcngale. as (Scncgal Galago/Biush Baby) /C2/ IS.I 0 Galugoikles deiic((luf(LbsscrlDwarfGalago) IS.I/ * FInIllily: CERCOP'ITIIECIDAE(Monkcys) Ceo coccbaa.a cays (Wlitc-crownicd Mangabcy) + 0 CcrcoptIhecu.s niono (Monia Monikcy) /C2/ 1S.21 0 C xiaaUiIala(Lsscr wlhitc-noscd Monkcy/Gucnoni) Co/obias puiykomo.A (Bi3ack-and-wihtc/Kinig Colobus) jS:ij I'lldlocolohbns badnat (Rcd Colobus) /K/ /C2/ 1S.I/ * ProLollm w'e-uus (O!!Vr r tn ss)` ,R,1 71 ,4rPC 1 * I nlllilv: 110O1INIDAE (Aoeh and I-Iunmnls! zPun Iro,gl'Ogyfts (Chimpanzec) /C./ /S.I/ ORU!Er: PIIOLIDOTA * Faimily: MANIDAE I Plauiaganmi I/-Ia'CSp/JI (Trcc langolin) /S.1/ *.Smmi.aa gigvileua (Giant Ilangoliin) /S.:1 w U, omuinas ied acll"ldviu (Long-oialcd lPanlgol in) IS.I/ Ordtier: itODENTiA * Fa:mnmmI: SCIUIUDAE 1-- 1U1 tIWU-IlUdUVU IUI;') 04I~LtiIIIAI rhnonscauir-uts ancLyth'rus (Rcdlcss Trec Squirrcl) /S.2/ F lP re!wBom (Orlnmop-hfira IsTrer- namiwrl IT 71 M * F pp-rhlapus (Cuvicrs Fire-rootcd Trec-squirrcl) /5.2/ ParaxreuspewmCita (Small Grccn/Busih Squirfcl) Prolaxerrus tangei-i (Gianit Forest Squirrel) * Fmiily: ANOMALUItIDAE * AnomialurIus bteeerofli (B3ccccrofl's Flying Squirrel) IS.I/ * A. der bianois (Derby's Flying Squirrel) IS.I/ + A. pcli (Iel's Flying Squirrcl) IS.I/ * Fainil : MUIIIAE + 0 Ca icetumy gaiaibaiaius (GambianluPouciecd Giant Rat) IS:2/ Dcasymys nacomlatls (Shaggy/Watcr/Marsh Rat) DCphomys defua (Brisic-liaircd Trcc/Dcrua Rat) l yboiays Irivirga1as (lircc-stripcd Mousc) 1lyloinjIyscUs alleika (Allcins Climbinig Wood Mouse) H1.siella (Climbinig Wood Mousc) Lopiauroioj.n sikapiusi (Rusly-bcllicdlnoscd Rat) Mais spp. (Common Micc) Pt aoinys lullbergi (Tullbcrg!s Sofl-furrcd Mousc) * FaImily: II S'IItICIDAE (I'orcupincs) *AllJweasr,ai afincani.t (Brusli-tailcd Porcupine) IS.2/ * Fn mily: THIRYONOMIDAE (Grasseutters) +71Tryonomjs sivindciraaiails (Cultling Grass/Canc Rat) (grdEqr: CARNIVOItA * Famnily: lElRI ESI IDAE • Atilmai.pu1dl^aiims (Marsll Mongoose) /S2/ * Civellci,. caivemu (Arrican Civct) IS. I/ • Crossurchlus Cabscu Ls (Kusimiiansc) IS.2/ & LeiU.t'iL ,,ucdilugc, (Largc-apotlcd Genet) IS.I/ llerpes.%sc.s.lahgiptinca (DwarriSlcndcr Mongoosc) NanihnaN buuiukia (I'wo-spotlcd Palnii-civct) IS.I/ * FIamily: FELIDAE I rFch. aa ula (Alieani Golden Cat) /S 1/ Order: HYRACOIDIEA (Hyrmncs) Family: PROCAVIIIDAE + Dnchdioly-rca ciotsuII.s (Trc/Wcstcrn l-Iyrax) /S.1/ Order: IPROBOSCIDEA (Elcphanits) * Family: ELEI'IIANTIDAE Lavoloionia africaia (African Elepliani) /VI ICI/ IS.1/ Order: ARTIODACTYLA * Family: SUIDAE HIIylochIoeti. iiieiainci tzageii (Giant Forcst liog) IS.I/ Polanimhccrua.s pumrca.m (Recd ltivcr I-log) /A21 * F:anmily: IBOVII)AE +* Cep/halophluis tnstih (Bay Duikcr) IC2/ IS:2/ 1I C ILrmLm'elIh (Ma;xwcllN Duikcr) IS.2/ C iuIgtC- (Black Duikcr) /IS21 N * C sylvicuilior (Ycllow-backcd Duikcr) /C2/ /IS1/ * NCutO-agUs 1)yglgaCeus (Royal Antclopc) /S42/ * Synicerus ctcffe (African Butlalo/Busih Cow) /S.2/ * TragelalAus sci ilMus (Buslibuck) 15.21 LEG END: Naitim:mil or-Gloibal CoIscrvI mlion Statuls: * III CN .... I NTERNA TIONAL UNION FOR TH-IE CONSERVATION OF NATURE (RED LIST OF TIREA TENED ANIMALS, 1986) /E1 .. Endang-crcd (In dangcr of cxtinctioni, and survival unilikcly if hlc causal factors colltiiluc opcrating) Vulticrable (Uclicvcd likcly to miovc lo "Endlaingcrcd" category, iftlic causal factors continiuc opcraling) /1/ ... hidetcrinitiatc (Kinowin lo bc '"Ei:(lligdercl"or "Vtuilierublc", bul therc is nol enoughi information to say whicii catcgory is appropriate) /IR/... Rare (Siiall localiscd world populations, and Ilicrclbre at risk, but arc currcntily not "Endligcreil" or " i'tlwi rablc ") * C IElS . CONVENTION ON ON INTERNII TIONAL TIADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WI'JLD FLORA AND EA UNII (A1PPENDICES, 197.5) /C./ .. .Appcndix I (Thrcatciicd spccics whicih caninot bc lradcd in) /C2/... Appendix 2 (Spccics for whiich lcvcls of tradc arc limiced) NA TIONAIL WILDLIFE CONSERV1ATION REGULATIONS (SCIIEDULES, 1995) /S:./ .Schedule I (ThIic hunltinig, captur ing or destroyiig of tiese spccics is prohibilcd at all timcs) 1S.2/ . Schicdulc 2 (Thc huniniiig capturing or destioyinig of thcsc spcics is absoluicly prolhibited betwcc I" August and 15' Dccmibcr of anily scasoi. The hunitinig, capturing or dcstroying of aniy youig animiial, or adult acconipamcid by its young, of thcsc spccics is absoluicly prohibitcd at all titiics) 0 ANNEX 3-5a SURVEY INSTRUMENTS SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR VRA'S POWERLINE EXTENSION PROJECT QUESTIONNAIRE FOR AFFECTED PERSONS A. ETHNIC, CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS BACKGROUND 1. a. Name of respondent...... b. Name of Community. c. Name of District . d. Name of Region. 2. Sex of Respondent 1. Male ...... 2. Female.< 3. What is your age ...... 4. Which ethnic group do you belong to? 1) Brong 2) Asante 3) Ewe 4) Fanti 5) Wassa 6) Nzema 7) Northern ethnic group 8) Other, specify...... 5. What religious community do you belong to? 1) No religion 2) Christianity 3) Islam 4) Traditional Religion 5) Other, Specify ...... G. Number of dependents / household size. B. LAND OWNERSHIP, TENURE AND USE 7. Who owns the land on which you have the affected farm? 1) Myself (bought, gift etc) 2) My parents (father / mother) 3) My marriage partner (husband / wife) 4) Lineage land 5) Non-Relative (specify)...... 6) Other, specify...... 8. If land is not your own property, what arrangements have you made with the owner of the land for its use? 1) Paid for its use for specified period of time 2) Proceeds to be shared (equally, 1:2, 1:3), please indicate 3) To be used for free 4) No particular arrangement, but owner to be given money or produce 5) The farm to be shared when crops are due for harvest (please indicate terms) 6) Other, specify...... 9. What do you have on the affected land? (Please indicate specific crops) 1) Cash crops 2) Food crops 3) Both 1 & 2 4) Animals (Poultry, Piggery etc) 5) Crops and animals .6) Building 7) Other, specify...... C. EMPLOYMENT / PROFESSION 10. What is your main trained profession? 1) Teaching 2) Artisan (specify)...... 3) Security 4) Farming 5) Engineering (specify)...... 6) Other, specify...... 11. What is your main occupation? (Not necessarily what you are trained for, but what you actually do) 1) Farming 2) Teaching 3) Carpentry 4) Other public/civil service (specify)...... 5) Dressmaking / Tailoring 6) Trading 7) Other, Specify...... 12. Apart from your main occupation what are your other sources of income I livelihood 13. If farming is the major occupation hiow many farms do you have apart from the one affected by the power line extension project D. PUBLIC HEALTH 14. What disease/symptoms usually attack you and / or members of your household 1. Headache 2. Fever / Malaria 3. Body pains 4. Stomach upset 5. Other, Specify. 15. What do you think are the causes of these diseaseslill health? 1. Mosquito 2. bad drinking Water 3. not Eating Good food 4. working / standing on the sun 5. other (specify). E. GENERAL COMMENTS ON THE POWER LINE EXTENSION PROJECT 16. Generally, what do you dislike about the proposed power line extension project by VRA on your land? 17. What do you like about the project 18. In what specific ways do you think that the project is going to affect you and your family? iv SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR VRA'S POWERLINE EXTENSION PROJECT INSTRUMENT FOR COMMUNITY INFORMATION 1. a. What are the main ethnic groups in the community? . b. Which are the dominant groups. 2. a. Which are the religions in the community'. b. Which is / are the most dominant religion(s). 3. a. Are there any sites / shrines /objects on the proposed ROW which are supposed to be points of specific historical reference I handed to the community? Yes. No. b. What are they . c. What specific historical events do they represent. ...... 4. a. Do you have any sites I objects you consider very attractive for tourist attraction on the ROW? Yes. No. b. Mention the specific sites/scenes. c. What makes them attractive?. 5. Who owns the land in this community? ...... a. Customary ...... b. Reality / leasing / usage 6. For what purposes is land usually put in this community. 7. What are the main occupations / sources of employment in the community? 8. What arc the main agricultural practices in the community? a. Crops cultivation ...... b. Animal husbandry, etc. c. For crops cultivation, mention the common crops d For animals husbandry mention common animals. ...... 9. Indicate any healthi problems that are common in the community? 10. What problems do you anticipate that the current project will bring to members of the community - give reasons. PROBLEM REASON 1. 2. vi 3. 4. 5. 11 Mention any positive expectations? 12. Has any organization ever used part of land in your community for similar projects? Yes. No. 13. a. What problems did you have with that organisation? b. How did the project benefit the people in the Community? vii ANNEX 3-6 DETAILED LIST OF AFFECTED PERSONS REGION DISTRICT COMMUNITY NAMES ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM ALFRED OKYERE DARKO ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM ATTAA GYANKYE ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM JAMES ANOKYE BADU ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM JAMES BOAKYE ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM MICHAEL DENTEH ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM SAMUEL ADU KWAW ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM YAW ATTA ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM (AKESU) KWESI SEKYERE ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO ALEX GYEBI ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO AMA DONKOR ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO CHARLES ARTHUR DARKW ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO DANIEL TEYE ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO EDWARD OPPONG ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO EKOUM THOMPSON ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO EKUA GARE ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO ELIZABETH AMOAH ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO ELIZABETH QUANSAH ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO FRANCIS MANU ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO GEORGE WALTER MASON ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO GODWIN ASANTE ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO KOFI BRUCE ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO KWABENA GYEGYE ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO KWAME ADJEI ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO KWAMEANOBIL ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO KWEKU NYAMEKYE ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO KWESI AMOAKO ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO OWUSU NKWANTABISAH ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO PETER NUAMAN ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO REBECCA NYAME ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO SETH KWAKYE ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO YAW KONTOR ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO YAW PEPRAH ASHANTI ADANSI WEST AKAASU ATTA ALFRED ASHANTI ADANSI WEST AKAASU NANA KWEKU AMANKWA ASHANTI ADANSI WEST AKAASU OSEI KWABENA ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO AFUA DANKWA ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO AKUA FERKUOH ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NANAAFUA ASHANTI ADANSIWEST FENASO NKWANTA ABENA POMAA ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA AFUA AMOABENG ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA AKOSUAH MENSIMAH ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA AKUAADUFIE ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA AKUA TAWIAH ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA ALEX DONKOR ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA EMMANUEL MENSAH ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA GEORGINAASSAH ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA JOSEPH BANOR ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA KWABENA ABOAGYE REGION DISTRICT COMMUNITY NAMES ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA KWABENA DOMME ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA KWABENA GYAN ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA THERESADONKOR ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA YAA MANSAH ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWVANTA YAW ASARE ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FRANCO KOJO DANIEL ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FRANSO-NKWANTA AFIA AGYEIWA ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FRANSO-NKWANTA KOFI OWUSU ASHANTI ADANSI WEST FRANSO-NKWANTA NANA EDWARD AKOWUAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA ADJOAH BOAMAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA AFIA POMAAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA AKUA ADOMAA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA AKWESI ATTA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA AKWESI NYARKO ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA AMA BRAGO ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA B F. ASANTE ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA ERNEST APPIAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA HANNAH OPPONG ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA J.O. AKWABOAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA JANET ADU ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA K FORDJOUR NO. 1 ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA KENNETH ODURO ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA KIJO YINKA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA KWABENA OKYERE ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA KWESI ASARE ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA NANA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA NIMOAH AMANKWA (MANU ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA OSCAR GYEBI ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA PAPA YAW ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA S K. ANTI ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA SOLOMON FORDJOUR ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA YAW TWENEBOAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO ABENA MOSHIE ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO ADJOA BREMPOMAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO ADWOA SARFOWAA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO AKUA DAPAAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO AKOSUA TAWIAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO CHARLES ODURO ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO COMFORT OBENG ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO EFUA FOFIE ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO JONAS ATTAFAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO KWAKU DANSU ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO KWAME DAPAAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO NANA KWABENA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO THEOPHILUS GYEBI ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO YAW BARIMAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO ABENA KYEI ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO ADO MENSAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO ADU K. JOSEPH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO ADU SARKODIE REGION DISTRICT COMMUNITY NAMES ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO ADWOA ABIMPEH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO ADWOA BRUWAA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO AFIA BAWIAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO AFUA AKOMAA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO JOSEPH KWAME ADANSE ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO JOSEPH OKYERE ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO KWAME AFFUM ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO KWEKU ADDAI ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO KWEKU FORDJOUR ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO MARY OBOAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO MARY ADWOA DANMA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO OPANIN K. MANU ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO P.K. FRIMPONG ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO THOMAS SABRIMA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO YAW BOADI MENSAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE ABRAHAM PEPERAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE ABUBAKARI IBRAHIM ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE ADWOA DENTAA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE ADWOA EMAMFERE ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE ADWOA KWAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE ADWOA MANSAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE AKUA ADDAE ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE AKUA ADUUNA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE AKUA AMPONSAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE AKUA KRA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE AKUA MINTM ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE ALEX KWESI BRENYA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE AMA KAYA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE CHARLES QUAINOO ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE FRANCIS TAWIAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE GABRIEL OSEI YAW ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE J.KWABENA APPIAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE JONES AGYEI ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE JOSEPH APPIAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KOFI ADJEI ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KOFI APPIAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KOFI OWUSU ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE l iii REGION DISTRICT COMMUNITY NAMES ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KWESI OWUSU ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE PETER PEPERAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE SAMUEL ABORAAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE THOMAS AHAEFA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE YAA ANTWIWAA ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE YAW ADDAAE ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE YAW AMOAKO ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE YAW GYAMFUAH ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE YAW SARFO CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ASIKUMA JOHN DICKSON NKRUMAH CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ASIKUMA KWABENAAPPIAHENE CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE ABENA KEKERE CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE AMAAKOMA CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE ATTAAAKOSUA CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE FAUSTINA NKRUMAH CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE JOHN ASANTE CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE KOFIASARE CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE KOFI NYAME CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE KWABENA OBERI CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE KWAMENSOWAH CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE KWEKU BOAKYE CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESMASE MARTHATINKORANG CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE PETER DONKOR CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE SAMSOM K ADJEI CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE SEIDU ZAKARI CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE WILLIAM AGBOTEY CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE YAW MENSAH CENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE YAWTSIBU WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG AFUA ANIMA WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG AFUA DUA WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG AFUA POTI WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG AGYA KISSI WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG AKWASI MENSAH WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG EBO HAYFORD WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG GEORGE AMPONG WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG J.Y. ASARE WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG JOHN KWASI KANKAM WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG KOFI ADJEI WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG KOJO KISSI WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG KWADWO BOTWE WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG MATTHEW AMPONG WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG YAA SALA WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG YAA SALA WESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG (HIAGO) KWESI EADJI WESTERN WASSA AMENFI OPON VALLEY AFUA SARPONG WESTERN WASSA AMENFI OPON VALLEY R.B FOSU WESTERN WASSA AMENFI OPON VALLEY SAMUEL APPIAH WESTERN WASSAAMENFI OPON VALLEY Y Y ASANTE WESTERN WASSA AMENFI OPON VALLEY YAW APPIAH WESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM AKOSUA SOMUAH Iv REGION DISTRICT COMMUNITY NAMES WESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM AKOSUA WAKROTSEI WESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM CHRISTIANA KWARTENG WESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM EBENEZER ANOKYE WESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM JOSEPH QUAICOO WESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM MAAME SAMANPA WESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM OPANIN KWAME BOATENG WESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM THOMAS QUAINO WESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM YAW DOKU WESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM YAW DONKOR WESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM ABA YAA SAFOAH WESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM AKWESI ANOKYE WESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM AMA ABRAFI WESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM COMFORT NIMO WESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM EMMANUEL ADU WESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM EVANS APPEADU WESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM JOSEPH ANOKYE WESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM KOJO OWUSU DICKSON WESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM KWABENA AMPRATWUM WESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM KWABENA SARFO WESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM KWAME ASMANE WESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM WILLIAM ADAMPTEY WESTERN WASSA WEST ASANTE AYE AKWA BADU WESTERN WASSA WEST ASANTE AYE J.K MENSAH WESTERN WASSA WEST ASANTEAYE KOJO PEPERAH WESTERN WASSA WEST ASANTEAYE KWEKU DUA WESTERN WASSA WEST ASANTE AYE ROBERT ASAMOAH WESTERN WASSA WEST ASANTE AYE SAAH EDWARD WESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM ABENA FOSUAH WESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM AFUA NKRUMAH WESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM AKUASI ADU WESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM BISMARK GYEDU WESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM FELECIA DEDE WESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM KOFI AGYESOUH WESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM KWABENA ASARE WESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM KWAME GYETUAH WESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM YAW MENSAH WESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM YAW OFORI WESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM YAW SEKERE WESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM N01 AKWESI GYENIN WESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM N01 KWAME AKWATIABA WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG ABOAGYE DA COSTA WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG ADWOA FORDJOUR WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG ADWOA FORDJOUR WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG ADWOWA SERWA WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG AFUAANIMA WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG AFUA BOATEMAA WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG AGARTHA MENSAH WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG AMA NIMO WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG CHARLES BONNAH WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG EMELIA ABANA NYARKO REGION DISTRICT COMMUNITY NAMES WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG EMMANUEL AMOABENG WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG EMMANUEL WIELDERMAN WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG ERIC A WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG ESI AMPOMAH WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG JOHN APPEADU WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG JOSEPH ASIRIYI WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KOFI ADJEI WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KOFI ATTA WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KOFI BADU WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KOFI NUAKO WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KOJO ASANTE WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KOJO SEIDU WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWABENA AHOMAH WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWABENA ATTOBRAH WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWABENA OPPONG WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWABENA OWUSU WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWAKU OPPONG WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWAME BOADI WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWAME BOADI WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWEKU DARKWAH WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWESI ANING ADJEI WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWESI ASSIMAN WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWESI GAYI WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG MADAM AGBOAGYEWAA WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG TAWIAH CHAMOTEY WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG THOMAS NKRABEAH WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG W.K OWUSU WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG YAW ADJEI WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG YAW ADJEI WESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG YORKE AMOAH WESTERN WASSA WEST GYIMAKROM WESTERN WASSA WEST GYIMAKROM J.K ASHUN WESTERN WASSA WEST INSU AMA ATTAA WESTERN WASSA WEST INSU ANOKYE WESTERN WASSA WEST INSU JOHN ASSAH WESTERN WASSA WEST INSU KWADWO OTUAKWA WESTERN WASSA WEST INSU MR. COBBINA WESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO AKOSUA ADDA WESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO C.K NYAME WESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO C K NYAME WESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO EMMANUEL AGYEI WESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO KOFI ACHEAMPONG WESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO KOFI NTI WESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO KWADWO BADU WESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO MADAM AKUA AYAMFUAH WESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO MR. BREYEA WESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO NANA KWABENA ADJEI WESTERN WASSA WEST . PEMESO OBIRI YEBOAH WESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO ODURO WESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO OPANIN GYEBI KWAKU WESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO SAMUEL DOUDU vi Aniicx 3-7 SOCIO-ECONOM IC/CULTURAL IMIPACTS - SURVEY FIND)INGS Thc finidinigs of the 1icld survcy arc discussed in tIhis scctioni undcr the followinig hicadings and issucs: Al'fcctcd( Coiiuiiuiiitics * Affcctcd Rcgions * Affecctcd Districts Etlhnic Cultural anid Dcemographic Issucs * Ethnic Groups Agc of Affcctcd Pcrsonis by Gcndcr uJumbcr of Dcpcndcnts *Rcligious Groupings Lanid Tlcnu c, Owiicrsiliip, and Use (Agriculltu c) * Land Owncr-siip, Tcrnurc and Usc • Arrangcmilcnits for Land Usc * Tcirs and Agrccmcint for Land Usc PropertyP on Affecctcd Land lin11ploymelit Issues Main Occupations of Affcctcd Pcrsons l'ublic Health * I-Icaltlh Issucs Special Conicernl s * F:cars of Rcsponideints * Expcclations of Affcctcd Commiiiiunitics 1.0 AFFECTED ItEGIONS lu all, 3 ICgion1s have bccn affcctcd by the powcr linc cxtcnisioil project, nalcly, Asaliti, Ccililnal and Wcsicitn Rcgions, T-ablc 111bclow. Ol the 303 pcrsons in tIc thi cc regions who claim to have bcen allccicd by the project tlcrc arc mlorc fiom] the Ashanti rcgion (52.5%) than thlc Iwo olltcr regions. It is lollowed by Wcstcln ICLgion (40.9%) with Ccnital rcgion (6.6%) havinig tlic Icast numiibcr of affectcd persons. Regioni No. of Affcctcd I'erccntagc Pcrsolls Ashlianti 159 52.5 CcIltral 20 6.6 Westcerni 124 _ 40.9 Total 303 100.0 T;ablcIi 1: Affccted Rcgioins 2.0 AFFECTED DIS'IRItICIS Five districts in Ithc tIrcc regions wcrc recordcd to liavc bcen alfecced by the projcct in tabic II 3 below. Tlhcsc aec Adansi \Vcst anid Amransic East in Ashlianti region; Upper Dcinkyrra in Ccntial rcgioni and Wassa Arnaniii anid Wassa \Vcst ill Westerni lRcgion. DiStrict No. of Affected IPrcnCItagC Plersonis Adansi West 52 17.2 Amnansic East 107 35.3 U pcr Dcnkyira 20 6.6 Wassa Amanri 21 6.9 Wassa West 103 34.0 'rotal 303 100.0 Tablc #2: Affccted Districts Tlic most affcctcd districts according to tilc data arc Amanisic East (3.7%) and Wassa Wcst (34.0%). Adaiisi Wcst follows witli 17.2% of tilc total affcctcd pcrsons. A rclativcly significanil pcrciitage of affcctcd persons comic froml Uppcr Dcinkyira (6.6%) and Wassa Amanifi (6.9%) districts. /Iiiuiev 3-8Y prcscnts a dctailcd list of alzcetcd persons and t lcir coin in n iiitics. 3.0 AGE OF AFFECTED P'ERtSONS BY GENDERt T'lic majority ol'tihc alfcctcd persons arc in thc agcs of'45 ycars and bclow as shown in Tablc /I 3 below. 'I'hcy constitutc 56.5% or thc total numiibcr of affcctcd persons. I-lowever, tlic conccintraltionl is betwcen 26 ycias to 55 ycars. Tlicrc is also a substantial proportion of agcd that is (56) an(i abovc, (25.1%) amonlg thi affcctcd pcisons. AGE MALE FEMMA, E TI'O'ITAL No. No. %/, No. 0/1, 25 and bclow 19 8.9 2 2.3 21 7.0 26-35 51 23.9 20 23.3 71 23.7 36 - 45 50 23.5 27 31.4 77 25 8 46-55 41 19.2 14 16.3 55 18.4 56-65 30 14.1 14 16.3 44 14.7 66 22 10.3 9 10.5 31 10.4 total 213 100.0 86 100.0 299 I(,.0 'Fablc 1/3: Age of Affcctcd lPcrsonis by Gcnder In tcirs of scx distiibitioni miorc mialcs (71.2%) thiani fcmales (2S.8%) are all'ccted. Additionalily, miorc youngcr mialcs - 35 years and below (32.9%) thianl feimalcs (25.6%) ac affecctcd. TIhlc scx diffcrcincc for tile agcd is iiot vcry Significant. but, rclativcly, thcrc arc mor-c fceialc aged than iales. In addition, thicrc arc iioir l'cumales (71%) in thc ages ol'concciltilrtioni (26-55 years) thlan imales (66.6%). Conisidcring ttia the most afIfccted agc group is 415 years and below, tilcsc arc persons who arc likely to 11JvC iclatiLvely youinigcr l-uniilics to cdrc for. As such, the project aflicts thcir sources ol'incomilc, cntiie liimiily livcliioods and othelr social comiliiitiiciits. Anotiler important i1pact to considcr has to do witl tilc agcd. Tlicy arc personis whiosc hcalthi will not perIlit tliciii to cngagc iin any activc cconomiiic activities for survival. 'IThis mealins thiat failurc to compcnisatc the aged adcquatcly and carly xvill ncgaltively affect tilcir livclihood. 4.0 E'l'IINIC GROUI'S Tlhc cthliic comlipositioni of thc affecctd persons shows tilat a multi-ctihnic coml)osition exists for thc various afel'cCtel districts Tabic /14 below. Tlic implicationl here is that thicrc arc people wlio have mligratcd from tileir oiigimial localitics cilticr to woik in tilc affectcd areas or for othcr social icasons. [I Ethinic Group No. of Pcrsons PerccintagC Ashanli 198 65.3 Ewc 3 1.0 Fantl 36 11.9 Wassa 49 16.2 Nzcina 1 0.3 Northcrn 4 1.3 Kwanlw / Aktapimil 6 2 0 Ga / Adamiibgc 6 2 0 Total 303 100.0o 'Irble f14: Efliamic Groups TIakinig tilc arTcctcd rcgionis for cxamplc, and tlIc 1)rcscncc or pcopic witl Nortilcrn, Akwapini and Ga / Adangbc cthiuic backgrounids shows liow diffcrcnt pcopic liavc comc to scttic and farni In thc alTcCtcd arcas. TIhis Incans that thc projcct tlrcatcins thlc continLuous livclihood of iigraints wlio liavc investcd In tIc arfcctcd collllliulitlics. Lvci amolig thIc pcoplc ol Iw aCiffcCtcd rcgions ilic rcvclation is that Icsscr pcrsons wcrc rccordcd in thcir rco.j,cilvc rcgions (Tabic I) than thicir cthnic rcprcscntationis In litc total population covcrcd (Tablc 4). 1ilis iiplies that ilacic is iltcr rcgional migration amonlg ilic cffcctcd rcgions isually for cconomilic rcasons. 5.0 NUIMBIR 01 DEI'ENDANTS 'lThc majority of the rcsponidcnits (68.3%), tablc 116 below bavc a numbcr of dcpcndants from 4 to 9 pcrsons wilth dcpcndcnts or bctwccn 7 and 9 (36.7%) bcing thc most common. About 2 out of cvcry 10, (18.4%) rcspondcnts liavc a numbcrordcpcndants orbctwccn 10 and 18 pcrsons. A few of ticiii (1.3%) bavc 19 or moic depcindants In all, thc dcpcndcnicy ratio is about 15 depcadants to I affcctcd pcrson. Wilt such a hIngh dcpciidcicy ratio among thc affcctcd commilunities the iiimpact of tiic project oin ramiicie/ houscliolds and the ciltirc comiluiLics will bc grcatly fcit if appropriatc mcasurcs arc not put in place bcfoic impicmcniation or tiic projcct. No. of No. or Afrected lPcisouis I elecucc:agc 0 3 1.0 I -3 29 99 4-6 93 3J 6 7 - 9 I08 36.7 10-12 40 13 6 13- 15 13 4.4 IG- 18 4 14 19 - 21 1 0.3 22- 24 3 I 0 1Ioi.1I 294 100 0 Tabic 115: Numiber or Dcpendants 6.0 REILIGIOUS GRtOUPlINGS rhc projcct IS nol cxpccicd to liavc any significanit impact on rchigious practicc. lhc situationi would havc been difrcrcnLt if morc alfeccicd licrons had becn belicvcrs of Traditional rcligion, Table ll6 bclow. This is becausc Ill tradilional rcligion domilialcd communitics it would hiavc becn likely to find morc shrinics on thelRoW Ilhanl Itose dominiiatcd by othicr icligions. .tcligioni No. of Perccait:igc rliso us No religion 22 7.3 Christianiity 265 S7.5 Islam 9 3.0 Tlradilional rcligion 7 2.3 Total 303 100.0 TIablc 116: IRcligious Groupinigs 7.0 LAND OWNERSHIP, TENURE AND USE 7.1 Customa:iry [Land Owneiship Soinc respondents wcrc abic to indicatc traditionial stools uilder %Nhich Ilicir couilinuiiics iall. In all, I I traditiolial stools / arcas wcre indicatcd in tabic Il S bclow. Collullinily Traditional Stool / Coulncil Adadeckrom Ucenso Adinkr-a Dwcbircso Opoll Valley Akropong Aboagyckroini Akrokcrri Asikuma Denkyima AsaMinc Aye Abcka Abckakrom Bcnso Apilikooko Domupoasc I-ti ago Oppong Vallcy Adaniso Akrokcrri Aycnisukroill Bosomtwc Nmi Sidinc D.armang Pcmcso Darmianig TabIc l17: Coiiiiuniiics and Traditioiial Stool/ Cou licil 7.2 Owtici-ship or Afrectcd lariii Lands A substanltiail proportion (48.2%) of thc farmlis allectcd bclong to respondcints who wcrc intcrviewcd, table ll 9 bclo%v. It is followcd in order of mcrit by tliosc wlio larml o parents laind (20.8%) aild that of spouscs' (5.3%). Although tIic issuiCof disputes and misundeistanding cannot bc totally rulcd out bctwcci ItIC land uscrs and ow\lcis lor the tir-ce catcgolics of pCIsons on compensation for propertics on tlihc land, it is expected to be %'crynuiinil compared to tlic ainiing categories of land owncis and USCerS. Ow ilers!,Ip No. ofr ll'esons Pelcen;tagc Mysclf(boughl, gift) 146 48.2 Parents 63 20.S Marriagc Paitniler 16 5.3 L.inicagc / familily 1I 5 0 Noo- relative 8 2.6 l.Cased 6 20 liend I4 4.6 S,lli,, _ 9 30 Uncle / Aunt II 3 6 Grand l'aicuit 12 4.0 CGovcelrniiclil I 0 3 Olvilernlil) No. of Plcrsons IPcrceinta'gc Clhicf 1 0.3 Cliurch = 0.3 T olal 303 100 labIlc /18: Land TIcnuruc Sysicin 7.3 A1R1RANGEMENTS FOR LAND USE Elvidcntly, thosc whio own tlicir lands (48.2%) hlavc no arrangcmcnis for the use ol hllcir lands, table 1 10 below. FIor son1ic rcspondctnts, thc lands wcrc givcn to thcimi by the landlords to bc uscd fiecly (24.4%). For othcrs, although lduid is inot frcc of ciargc, no spccific arrangciticits lhavc bccn madc bctwccn landlords and land uscrs (4.6%). Akfcw ol the rcspondciits have to sharc ilic farm with their landlords wiecn ihc crops arc duc for harvest whilc quite a niumber ofl ici havc to'share tihc procceds (17.20%) after harvcsting and scilinig the crops. Arrangemeint No. of l'crsons I'crcentagc IProcccds to bc shared 52 17.2 l'o hc uscd frce 74 24.4 No particuilar arrangcmcnl 14 4.6 Farm to be shared 8 2.6 Own Land 146 48.2 No Response 9 3.0 l'otal 303 100.0 Table 119: Arrangement for Land Usc 'Ilius, for a proportioni of thc respondents who sharc farm proceeds and for ithose with no particular arianigcicmlet, disputes and conillicts arc likcly to arisc ovcr coipnilsation if it is not adminisicird appropriatcly. 7.4 TERMS OF AGIRLEVIMENTI IFOR LAND USL For ilic various agcnicmnt tcrimis miadc lor land use, cqual share of output (68.3%) fromii farns is tlc niost popular; TIable /110 bclow. Trhis is lollowed by a shar-ing output into 3 wvith I shiarc going to one party and 2 shiaics to anothcr plarty. Agreciiciit No. of 1Personis Pcrccilntge I,qual sliarc of farimi 41 68.3 1.2 12 20.0 1.3 7 11.7 Total 60 100.0 Table 1110: TIcrimis of Ag r ccimciit for Land Use 7.5 PROPERTY ON AFFECITED LAND Reslio;ndcis whio have botli cashi crops and food crops on thelRoW constittitc the largest of the total all;lcictl persons as shown in Iablc 1/11 below. Generalily, lfirm crops will bc the most affcctcd piopcrty by tlhc proposed power liic cxtcinsion plrojcct. Propely No. of P'ersonis Percentage Cash crol) only 96 31.7 Food cron onily 65 21.4 Casl crop & food crop_ 128 42.2 Fruits 6 2.0 Animalls (ploltlyy l)iggcry) I 0.3 V Property No. of 1'crsolns Percclnlagc LBuilding 4 1.3 No Rcsponse 3 1.0 Total 303 1(0 0 Tabicl l1I: Paropcrty onj Affcctcd Land Thc coImmO1on1 crops on ilic land arc cocoa, oil palm, oranigcs, pincappIc, cassava, )lanitaii, ricc, illaiLc and toinj.t1ocs. 8.0 MAIN OCCUI'ATIONS OF AFFEC-t'ED I0EtSONS 1hc afl'cctcd persons as sliowin in Tablc 1112 bclow, arc picdonmiinantly earmers(93.1%). Wlhcn askcd wlictlict rcspondcnits lhad becii trained in specific profcssions and had only i csortcd to fairinlg, the majority (70%) rcspondcd in thlc ncgativc, with the rcinaining 30% sprcading ovcr abouLt 26 d;fferent prolcssionis. I'rofcssioi No. of Icrccitagec Prcrsolis Tcaclung 5 _ 1.6 Artisani / carpenter, mleclhanics, tailor / scamsircss ctc. 5 1.6 Farminu 282 93.1 Trading 3 1.0 Olhcr Puiblic officials 4 1.3 I'astoral i 0.3 Driviig I 0.7 Mlinilg 2 0.3 TIotal 303 100 Table 1t12: Mami Occupation of Affccted Persons About 69 u'ool' the resl)ondents liavc no olihcr source of inicoimc. 'IThiis mlcanis that tlhc impact of thc p) oject onl the people through dcstructioni ol farimi produce can bc vcry significant 9.0 IIEAL'l-I ISSUES Discascs/syiptomis of ill health it all tlchaffccted districts follow a simiilar pattern, table 1/14 bclow. Malaria / I'cvc- (61.2%) is thc miost comlmloni disease in all tIic districts followcd by body painis (16.2%) anid hcadachies (12.6/o). Stoilmacli upset (I 0.0%) is also sigii ficaiut in alimiost all the districts particularly Wassa \Vcst (11.5%), Aniialsic L.ast ( l0.3%!/o) anid Ada.nsi West (6.5%). t)is ease Ad ailsi wassa Amin ansic Amil:lasic 1J p pc1 NVassa Tlotal or Nvcst Ainia,fi East W'cst I)IDn1kyira NVcS( Symptom(11 % % % % % %/1 I Icadaclic 16.1 12.5 12.7 - 10.5 11.5 12.6 Fcvcr / 66.1 62.5 58.7 60.0 63.1 60.8 61.2 Malaria Body 11.3 18.6 18.2 - 21.0 16.2 16.2 Pains Stomliach 6.5 6.3 10.3 40.0 5.3 11.5 10.0 Total 62 16 126 5 19 130 358 TIable t13: Coiiiioii Diseases in Affected Coinniunities by Distr-ict (r cspoldelits gave IIloI-c (tla:,i oic respoInse) VI 10.0 IFEARIS OF IRESIPONDENTI S lRcsponedciits expressed tlicir fcars about tllc proposcd projcct as prcseiitcd inTable/I 14 bclo%v. A significanlt numlibe (59.4%) fcar that tlcir maiin source of iniconc will bc dcstroycd. Fcar No. of l crsolus Pcreciitatc Dcstrictioni of farim crops I 80 59.4 (source of inicomc) Dclays in paymcilt of 76 25.1 compcnsaLion_ Inadequate compensation 30 9.9 DestrutelioIn of buildiiigs 4 1.3 Scizing land compulsorily 13 4.3 (unctltivatcd land) for lRoW without comrpcnsation Total 303 100.0 1Tatlc 114: iFe:cus or ictsponidcii is The fears expressed by mnost of the rcspondcnts selm from bcing denied access to dheir only source ol incomile (59.4O/). In addition, thrc arcIears that tilc disburscilcint ofcompcnsation ftunids will take a lonig timiie. Ohlicr fcars expresscd coniccrn tlc inadcquacy of compensation comimnicisiriatc with damagcd crops, (9.9%) and lands that will not be compcisatcd for bccausc tilcrc are no crops/propcrty oni theni. Accordinig to lihe respondinits such lands lor thc Ro\V will be takcin loicvcr witli nootiiing being p.,id to the owncrs. 11.0 IEIECTATIONS OF AFFECTED COMM UNITIE, The miajority of the respondents (57.1 %), Tabic 1#15 bclow, cxpcct tiat once thcir farms arc carimarkcd for ilic Io%vcr linc exicitsioni project tlicir miaini source of incomile is goilng to bc dcstroycd. I-lowcvcr, somc of thlcm] expect that tlcy will bc adeulatcly compensatcd. It is notcwortlly thal respondeints rclatc the project directly with job crcation (18.8%) anid tlhc gcencral socio- cconoimic development (6.9%) of tlicir coimimuniiics. Otlicrs, (5.3%) expect that sinicc the projcct conces powc their couniuiiniitics arc going to bcncfit litoii clcciricity supply. Expcclatioui / No. of PcIcelit:ige Inidiic:ator lPc,-soais Auract invcstors anmd 21 6.9 bring dcvelopmcnt Crcate job avcnucs anid 57 I 8.8 improve livinig standamrds Adequate comnpensation 32 10.6 Ior destroycd crops / pmroprty Brinig clcctiicity to tlic 16 5.3 al ca Destroy tlhc only sot0ce 173 57.1 of ilicolIlC No cxpeclaftion 4 1.3 Total 303 100.0 Tablc 1115: Expeetafions of Afleced Coiniittitziics VI] Annex 4 * Chemicals Data e IEMF Research Annxic. 4-2 1 LT INTERNATIONAL LABEL TEXT All country-specific regulations must be observed. The text in bold letters isthe minimum that must appear on country-specific labels. The text in normal letters should appear on the accompanying package leaflet when insufficient space prevents its inclusion on the label. FolarO525 FW (A-751r1) Pack size: Flowable Herbicide for broadspectrum annual weed control in tropical plantation- crops such as rubber, coffee, oilpalms, cacao and bananas. Active ingredient content 180 g /liter glypilosate t 345 g / liter terbuthylazine ** * N(phosphonomethyl) glycine in form of the isopropylamine salt * * 2-tert. butylamino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino-s-triazine Antidote No specific antidote is known. Apply symptoniatic therapy. WHO class: no classification (unlikely to present hazard) Non-flammable Note. Registration number and pack size must appear on dil local labels. For more information on the directions for use, refer to the Product Profile. For more information on the safety aspect, refer to the corresponding PSI lea flet. Ihis ILT serves as a basis for locai label texts. - 13- FOLAR 525. FW has two active components: Crop;. rubber, oilpafms, cocoa, coffee. bananas - glyphosate is absorbed by the foliage and it is Timing of post-emergence to 10 - 30 cm high translocated through treated plants application: weeds - terbuthylazine is taken up by the rooLs of weeds. Leaf Rate. 41itres I ha uptake is weak. Remarks: o Using FOLAR 525 FW in shaded conditions will generally improve the weed control. Spectrum of Activity e FOLAR 525 FW should preferably be used during the phase of active, FOLAR 525 FW is active against a wide range of annual vegetative weed growth. grasses, annual broadleaved weeds and some perennial a No rain should occur within two hours grasses: of application. Monocuts Dicots a Slashing larger than 30 cm higih weeds prior to the application of FOLAR 525 Axonopus compressus Achyranthera aspera FW will result in an improved control, Commlina africana Ageratum spp. provided they have been allowed to Cornmelina benghalerisis Alternanthera spp. regrow to the recommended stage for Digitaria 5pp. Amaranthus spp. treatment. Eleus,ne afr,cana Asystasia gangelica Ischiaemum rugosum Borreria latifolia 9 Use a separate contact or translocated Ottochloa nodosa Calopogonium mucunoides herbicide for controlling spots / Panicum s Centrosempa pubescen patches of perennial weeds. Paspalurn spp. Cnrsm uecn Rottbocli/a exallata Chromolacna odorata Setaria spp (= Eupatorium odoraturn) Compdtibility Croton hirtus Dissotisrotundifol,a FOLAR 525 FW should not be tankmixed with other Ipomoca spp. herbicides commonly used in tropical plantations. Phyllanthus nirur, Puerariajavanica Pueraria phaseoloides Sida rhombifolia Application Technique Sida urens Urera repens Equmpnient FOLAR 525 FW can be applied with any ground application equipment Limitations Ensure that spray-tanks are made of stainless steel, FOLAR 525 FW does not provide a consistent control of fibreglass or plastic. ferns, Hard-to-kill perennial grasses and perennial For high volume applications use tractor mounted broadleaved weeds may only be initially suppressed. sprayers equipped with flat fan nozzle tips or knapsack sprayerswith flood jet nozzles Where ring- or strip-weeding is practised, FOLAR 525 For low volume applications, use special equipment such FW does not prevent the treated area from being re- as 'Birky' or 'Herbi" together with the approprnite invade J by creepirg weeds which are rooting outside nozzle. the treated area. Make sure that the spray equipimient is properly calibrated. Clean sprayers thoroughly, immediately after use by Crop lole r.ince flushing wvitl clean water. FOLAIR 5;25 FW is well tolerated by tropical crops such as rubber (HLeve bras.), oil paIms (Elacis guincensis), cocoa (ThCor)ro,na acJo), coffee (Coffea arabica, Coftea Mixing canephora) and bananas (Mu.a sapientumn, M Half fill the spray-tank with water, then pour the paradisiaca). required quantity of FOLAR 525 FW into t(ie tank. Top in order io avoid crop infury, an appropriate application up with water to Lhe final volume required iProvide techlnlque nmust be chosen which prevents lower sufficient agitation during filling and spraying. brand(ies ind leaves from being oversprayed witl operation When using low-volurne equipmelt, observe FOLtAR 525 FW respective handling recommendations. Do not premix in buik. Mix each spray batch freshly Apply within a few hours. ja4 . Volume of spray liquid per ha Store away from sun and damp in a well ventilated area apart from food and feed under lock and key. * high volume technique, conventional volume range Avoid storage below -10 °C and above 35 DC, (if volumes > 200 litres / ha are used, add 0.5 litre / ha of non-ionic surfactant) - low volume technique: 20 litres / ha to 40 litres / ha, Shelf life depending on type of equipment used. tropical climate: 2 years ) from date of shiprnent ex-works, in original temperate climate: 3 years ) unopened containers Safety Aspects Note: Precautionary measures Keep out of reach of children and other, unauthorized For rnore information on the safety aspect, refer to the persons. corresponding PSI leailet. Operator safety Avoid getting product in contact with skin, eyes or Lega/A -t clothing. Do not inhale vapour or spray rnist. Wash e specLs hands and face before eating, drinking or smoking. If indisposition occurs, stop work immediately and apply Before applying the product read the attached package first aid measures. leaflet. Wear protective clolhing, i.e. overalls, that or cap, solid footwear and impermeable gloves. Wash off splashes of concentrate and spray. mixture. After work wash entire User's RiAk body. Clean protective equipment before re-use. The user bears the risk for damage resulting from factors beyond the manufacturer's control. Env,ron:ncnt and wildlife The manufacturer declines all liabilily for domnage resulting from improper storage or use of the product Do not contaminate water used for irrigation or domestic purposes, or flowing or stagnant waters by the disposal of product wastes. ihe product is toxic to certain specie5 of fisht. registered trademark of CI1UA-GEIGY Ltd Basle. Switzerland. Product and container disposal Manufacturer: CIDA-GEIGY Dispose of surplus product on a landfill-site approved for pesticides or bury in a safe place away from water supplies. Dilute surplus application mixture, pour it broadcast on fallow land. Dispose of plastic containers on a landfill-site or burn in a safe place. For drums take re-cycling into account, otherwise crush and bury. Do AG 6.G not re-use empty containers for any other purpose. 7/1988 Note: Always comply with local legal requirements. ,pillage and leakage Reniove heavily contaminated soil layer and bury in a safe place away from water supplies. Collect up spilt material thoroughly and bury in a safe place or put It in a waste bin or a plastic bag and dispose of on a londfill- site approved for pesticides. Rinse spill area with plenty of water Notc: Spilt pioduct must not be re-used. Anniex 4-3 - EMI Mcdical Research Anincx 4-3: The hlistor-y of rescalchl into EMF anid cancer. As far back as 1972 tllc UK Ccntral Electricity Gcnirating Board put its first mcmlbcr of rcscarcl stalf lo work Oilnlhc EME issuc. I-lowcvcr, thc study wlicil caLalysed tllc wide sprcad opinioln ilat it is dangcrous to livc ncar electrical power lincs was conductcd in 1979 by Dr. Nancy Wcrthicincr and hci- assistant Ed Lccpcr in Dcnver, Colorado. The study indicated that chlildrcn wvhlo livc ncar power lines hiad a twicc niormial incideince ol Icukacumial. Tilc hypotliesiscd causc was exposure to tilc extremely low fiequcncy miaginetic Fields genierated by the curieill in I)owcl lilles. Since thle 1979 publication, somc studics hiave rcported that chiliddicil living ncar- ccrtaini typcs of' power lincs (lligh currcnl distribution lincs and hlighi-voltagc tranisimiissioni lincs) hiave highicr tilan avcrage rates of IcuLkaciimia, braini canccis and/or ovcrall cancer (scc Tablc 1). Tablc 1: Studies th;at have ricportcd a link betwvccn ccrtain typcs of poWci- liis and hiigler thi avelrage rat(cs of IcuiacImia (L), brain caiiccCs (BC) and/or oV-cali cancCr (OC). Study L BC OC N Wcrthicinicr and E Lcclpc: Elccti cal wiring configurationis and clhildlhood canccr. Amii J Epi(lcidc 109:273-284, 1979. DA Savit. ct al: Casc-control study of childhood caniccr anid cxposUIc to 60-liz / / magilctic rields. Amn.1 Epidcnm 128:21-38, 1988. SJ London ct al: Lxposurc to rcsideintial cicctric anid maginctic fields and risk of / chiildlhood Icukcmiia. Am J Epidcm 134:923-937, 1991. M Fcychtlitng anld A Alilbom: Maginetic ficlds and canccr in childrcn rcsidilng / near Swcdisli luigil-voltagc lowcr Li ncs. Amn J Epidcmn 7:467-481, 1993. LM Grccn, AB Millcr ct al: Childlhood Icukcmia and personal monlitorinig of / rcsidcntial cxposurcs to clcciric and mlaginctic ficids in Ontario, Canada. Calicer Causes Conuol 10:233-243, 1999. L Fomcniius: 50-1-1I clectromagrictic ciivironimcnt and thc imicidcilcc of / cihildlhood tumors in Stocklholm Counly. Biocicctromiag 7:191-207, 1986. Jl I Olsco et al: Rcsidcncc ncar high voltagc facilitics and risk of cancer in / chiildrcn. 13MJ 307.891-895, 1993. Ihlic probiclis wiltl tlhCsC studies is that thle coriclationis arc not strong, and the stidies have gencially nlot showni a trackable rclatiolshlip) bctwccn lcvcl of cxposurc and level of risk (a dose rcsponsc curvc). Manly Of tIhC studies usc wirinig conlfigurations as a proxy for EMF lcvcls and wicil thlc clectro-magnetic fields arc actually mcasuied, the association genecially vanishes. Othcr stuLdics have sIhown no coreIlation betweeni rcsidence ncar power lincs anid risks ol chilldlhood ICuLIkaemlia, brainii canlccis and/or overall canccr (sec TIablc 2). 1 Wcrlicimcr N. and Lccpcr E. (1979) Elcctrical wviring configgUraLions and childlhood canccr. Iielican l.oturnal of Epirlemaiology 109, 1P1.273-284. Tablc 2: Siudics Ihat liavc shiowrn nio corrclation betwecn ccrtain tylpcs of power linics and higltcr thln avcr-agc riatcs of Icukciania (L), brain canccr s (BC) and/or ovcrall cancer (OC). Study 1L BC OC iJ l ulton ct al: Elccitical wiring configurations and childlhood Icukcmia in / Rhode Island. Am J Epiidmcti 111:292-296, 1980. L Tomilnius: 50-Hz clcctromiiagnctic cnviromincnt and tilc inlcidcncc of / / childlhood tumors itn Slockliolmii Countly. Biocicctromag 7:1 91-207, 1986. _ MP Coleman cL al: Lcukcmia and rcsidcncc ncar clcicriciLy t-ansillissiol / equipment: a case-conitrol study. 13r J Canccr 60:793-798, 1989. _ A Mycrs ct al: Childhood canccr and ovcrhcad powcrlincs: a casc-conitol sittly. 13rJ Canccr 62:1008-1014, 1990. I'J Vcrkasalo cl al: Risk ofcanccr in 1:inlnish childrcn living closc to power / v' lincs. IJMJ 307:895-899, 1993. JI- Olsen el al: Residcncc ncar high voliagc facilitics and risk of canccr in _ _ clhildirin. BMJ 307:891-895, 1993. T Tynics cl al: Elcc1romagnctic ficids and canccr in childrcii rcsiding ncar / / / Norwcgian highi-voltagc power lincs. A mcr J Epide1m 145:219-226, 1997. - MS Linct ct al: Residcienial C.posurc to imagnctic riclds and acutc lyilplolasltic / Icukcimia in cihildrcn. New Elng J Mcd 337:1-7, 1997. ML McBridc, RP Gallaghcr ct al: Powcr-frequency cicctric and maglnctic ficlds _ and risk ofcchildlhood Icukcimia in Canada. Amer J Epidem 149:831-842. 1999. LM Grccn, AD Miller cl al: A casc-control study of clhildhood lcukcmia in * souhlierii Onlario, Canada, and exposurc to maginctic fields in rcsidcnccs. ilt J Cancer 82:161-1 70, 1999. JD Ddcklcrty, JM Elwood ct al: Elcctromiiagntcic ficld cxposurcs and chlildllood Ictikacuiaii} in Ncw Zenaland. Lancet 354:1967, 1999. J Dockcrty, JM Elvood cl al: Elcctromlagnictic field cxposurcs and chiidhood cancers in New Zcaland. Cancer Causcs Conlrol 9:299-309, 1998. N l:cychling and A Ahlbonm: Magnctic ficlds and canccr in chiildrcn residilig _ ncar Swedish high-voltage Power Lines. A_ii J_Epiclci 7:467-4X1, 1993. _ _ | JG Gurncy cl al: Childlhood brain Itiuimor occurrence in rclationi to rcsidcintial / lxvcr linic coifiguraliois, electric heaLing sourccs, and clcciric appliance uSC. Amicr J Epidem 143:120-128, 1996. _ _ S Plcs5on1-Marltill ct al: Los Aniecls study of rcsidcntial miaginctic lieIds and childllhoo(d brain tluiors. Amcr J Epidcm 143:105-119, 1996. I Tyyics ct al: Elcciromilagntcic fields anid canccr in clhildrcn rcsiding icar / / Nornvcgian higil-vciCa'c powvcr liies. AmcrJ Epidcn1145:219-226. 1997. All biut OllC Of t11C ICCCIlt Studics of citlci ciildlhood ILeukaemia or biraini canccr have l.ailed to shlowv signilicanit associations. Teli exceptioll is a Canadiazn study, whiCh showcd somile stalistical associationl bctwccil the incideilce of cihildhood lcukaeriia and sonie mcasuics or cxposure. AlthIouLgl thelcead aulioth Lois Grccnil lcrsei said, "...thiis study does niot establishi tliat magnetic rields cause cancer.2 " Eleven out of' tllirtccn sLIdiCs of adull cance and residenice ncar power [inCs hiave fouLld no Corl-Clatioll. Tihc ICYcI of evideice was puLt to thc tcst in 1995 wlhcn a writ scrvcd on a Britisli clcctricity company alleged Ilthat a clhild's lcukaCmia was Catuscd by CXpOSIreC to cIectroallaglictic 1icids; tlic 1lrst legal action o' its kind in tlhe UK. 2Elecricily Association EMIF wsebsic, www.clcctricity.org.uk/uk_ inds/mi introductio.uhItinl 'Ilic datc was scl in 1997 by wlhicih the plaintiffs hiad Lo produce cxpcrl evidcnce- hlic cvidcncc to substanliae thilc clailils. I-lowcvcr, tlhc cvidcnic was nlevcr produced anld tlhc actioIn discontillnucd. rhlc world's largest indcpcildcint cpidemiological (tilc study of incidcnicc of disease across dcfincd populations anid possibic causcs) invcstigaLioln is curiciltly being conductcd by the UK Clildlood Cancer Study. TIlic survcy lookcd at evcry cihild with Icukaemia in tile UK ovcr a four-ycar pcriod. Results, publishicd in Dcccmbcr 1999, lor eliccffcct of miagnlctic ficids on caniccr hiavc and louLid notliniig to linic cihildllood cancer to mnagilctic ficids lfom clectriicity supply. The rCsulls concludc 'Thlis sludy)provides nlo evidenice thai exposure to magnelicfiellds ussociated with tei/ ele'ciricii)y sup)ply in i/lie UK ilicrecases i-i.Y/ for childlhood leukuenia, cantcers of the ceniitrual i)eWvoi5 systlemi ol- an)' othel clhildhiood cancer. ' ro date ovcr 10, 000 scicntific papcrs hiavc becn produccd on EMF and ovcr cighlty indcpendncilt and autlhorlativc scicntilic paniels hiavC concluded that it hlas not bcen establishicd tihat m ainis frcqueincy EMI causc advcrse humilanl hcalill cffeccts. Limitations to r escarcih SeCious limiLationis lhave bcn pointcd out in ncarly all tile studics of powcr lines and canice 3. ThesCe lilmlitation1s inCiuLdc unblinided assessniiit of exposurc, difficulty in makilng direct mcasurcilicilts ol tlic constaniLly varyinig clectromaginetic 1iclds anid inconisisicicics betwcen micasuircd levcls and the cstimatcs of exposure based on wiring confSigurationls. Conflounidinig is a problem of cpidcmiology. Supposc an association has becn found bctwccn mlagnietic fields and cancer. This miglht ilmcan that ficlds catise canccr or it may bc somiietlhaing else tilat hiappcns to bc associaLcd witli thlc fields. One importanlt confounidinig factor is al incoilmC clfcct. P'eople living ncar powcrlincs tend to be poorer tlian the conitol group and tliher is a stronlg anld wcll-kilowil cpidCIlmiological rlcationshlip bctweeil poverty anld canlccr4 . Morcovcr, all ol tllcsc cpidemiiological studics hiave bccn conducted in pursuit of a cause of cancc- for whiicih thlirc is no plausible biological basis. The absclc or bothl a mcchianiisim lfor biological clfccts of EMF and rcpr-oducible laboratory rcsults mcanis tihat tile cpiderniological rCsults, alreal(ly soMCewhat wcakl, arc viewcd witli muchi grcatcr sccpticisimi. Colncluioll It is important not to draw conlclusionls fromil individual studies in isolationi but to look at the tolality of lic evideincc. Ihlic cpidemiological studies, taken as a whiole, consist ofa lcw carly low quazility stuLdies, somlic of which yieldcd positive cffccis, and later, highlic- quialit) sttUdics, which yielded niegativc stLLdies. 3 Savitz DA, Pcarcc NE, I'oole C. (1989) Mcltodological issucs in the cpidemiology ofclcctromiiag,netic ticlds anid cancr. EpideLmiol Rcv 198')1159-7,. Gurncy, J.G. ct al (1995) Childlhood caniccr occurrcincc in relationi to po\ci- linc coniligurationis: a stu(ly oi potential selectioni bias in casc -control studics. E1ldeumology 6, pp. 31-35. Irpowcr lilcs CaLISC canccr it would bc natLulal to cxpcct hlic latcr studics to confilirm llic carlicr studies. hlicicfoic thlc ciear wciglit of evidcncc reiimainis against EMF being a cause of cancer. The evidence does not rule out tlierc being an clfect, bult equally, the scicntilic cvidenice Iaills a long way silort ol cstablishliing tihat an cilcct is likcly. Annex 5 a- Extracts - Project Feasibility Aiincx 5 - Extracts frrom Project Fcasibility Studies 7.0 Project Scope, Cos. Estimates -Ai impr emnhntaion Schnedule 7.0 Project Scope, Cost Estimates aind Implementation Schedule 7.1 Project Scopc The project comprises the following: 7.1.1 Transmission lines construction of approximately 120km of a 161kV line using 2x265 sq. mm ACSR (twin toucan) conductors on conventional s; el lattice towers fitted with two (2) shield wires. provision of approxim-tcely 120.;m of optic fibre conductor (OPGW) in place of one shieldwire. diversion of approximlately 20kmn of the existino I61kV Misti_;oe condLuctor linc to provide aclecluate right of way for the new lins. 7.1.2 Substations expand and uPgrade Obuasi substation for the termination of the new line. This wvill involvc the provision of lMne terminal equipment, dedicated cirCLiit breakers for existing transformers, protective relaying and uPgrade of the power carrying capacity of the cxisting bus work. cxpand andlupgrade of PresLea 161kV substation for thie line ter-nination. This will Incluide the following: cniov.:l of one of the existing synchronous condensers which has become Wcilundant as a resIlt of the line construction. provision of line tlrrninal ecluipment for the new/ line bay. re-tcrrilnation- of tlle Bogosu line in th- new bay, - liination of thc nev.' line (Obuasi) in the existing DogoSLI line., bay, - provision of a unified control and metering system - provision of a ramn) to access existing 151/55 kV transformiers. 24 '~ f~.Ž,,.i1., .nir :'~ILi, i' F0; :.bINY shl:!b VflA IJ~ ln 7.1.3 Conimunication System This made up of: - modification and upgrade of the mimic board and softw;are at the System Control Centre in Terma. provision_oi power line carrier (PLC) and ibre optic communication intZe-face equipmlent, provision for tele-procc:ion and voice cCmmunication systems 7.2 Project Cost Estimnates The cost of the project was estimaLed based on prices from recent International Competitive Bidding. The total cost of the project is about USS 12.5 million of which about 15% is e; Description Amount (USS) 161 kV Transmiission Line 9,570,000 Substations - 1,320,000 Conrnunlicatior,s and SCADA 500,000 Total Project Cost 11,390,000 Physical Contingency (5%) 569,500 Cngincrino anrd Projcct Managenienk 569,500 (5 '/o) GRAND TOTAL 12,529,000 7.3 Projcct bnip!cnicntation Schedulc The transmission system studies and analysis carried out demonstrate the necd to inmloe incnt thnc proj-c. on a fast track basis under the present systcn operating conditions as voill as slhould thD gcneration capacity at Aboacdze bc increased beyond 300 MW or the pmooosed fMlarathon or KMR plant to bc developed. I-or thesc roasons, tihe project Would liave to be implementeci Under inteinational conipetitioi-i bidding process to enable the line be commissioneci before thC end oi thOiycar 2000. 25 ['c,a- C)iI.*i .4; ri.. .x-; . .1,4; LI.iL' F,'.u;iji'i: S".:. VR rLD,;c D:s, The project cycle is split int; three main components: a) Planning and Feasibility, Funding Arrangements, etc. This is made uo of preparation of feasibility report, preparation of conceptual designs, project evaluation by financier 2nd finance effectiveness. We estimate that it will take about 3 months to implement. b) Prc-Contract Activities These include preparation of preliminary designs, technical specifications and tendering documents, the tendering process, tender evaluation and contract award, transmission line route surveys, right of way acquisition, etc. This component is expectecd to take abou; six months to complete. c) Construction This will be made LIp of final line roulte survey, placement of ordors for equipment and materials, detailed design, civil works, electromechanical erections and testing and commissioning. This component is expected to take eighteen (18) months to complete. A detailed project implernencation schedule is attached. ZV. _ y r.:.-. c)s.l; T ',J,,,.-.;on L:a1 Fcasibt:(y S'li, t'FRAlE f rUts' 8.0 Economic An-alyses 8.0 Economic Analyses This Section describes the economic analyses undcertaken to evalua2e the viability of the project. 8.1 Mcthodoology and Assumptions The technical justification for the construction of the Prestea - Obuasi Transmission line has been demonstrated in the previous sections of this report. T he reinforcement oF the national transmission grid by the construction of this line is necessary to retain the national grid's capability to meet current and future demands for elcctrical energy supply reliably. The construction oi the linC Will also resuLt in decreased system losses and raise the capability of the network thus providing an opportLunity for the transmission of additional enerny to serve both the domestic and the export market. The economic benelits of constructing the Prestea - ObLiasi line were based on the decrease in system losses computed from the load flow simulations presented in Section 5 of this report. Based on a system load factor of 70%, the system loss load factor was conmputed based on the following cimipiricail relationship: System Loss Loacd Factor = 0.2 X Load Factor-+ 0.8 X Load Factor Z The systenm loss load factor was then used to convert the capacity losses at peak to energy losses using the following formula: Energy Losses (GW,41h) Peak Losses (Ml. AXSystem Loss.LoadFactorX8.76 The economic benefils of the loss reduction were then compared with the economic costs of the project in a CilscoLinted cash fiow analysis. Thle present value of the net economic benefils ancd the economic internal rate of return are computed as a measure of the economic viability of impleentilnig the project. -he followiVng basic assLiniptions were madc for both tnc econoirnic analyses: TThe present worth year is 2030. * A planninrj horizon of thirty(30) years starting from 2000 * Ax prices arc uxpressed in constant 1998 priccs ThIe annual operating and maintenance cost estimated3 at 2% oi capital cost Losses werc valuoedlat the Cost Unservecl Energy (CUE) of 0.25 cents/kWh2 * DiScount Ralte Of 10% 27 The economic benefits from the implementation oF the project wavre derived on the basis on tne reduction in losses valued at the Cost of Unserved Energy. The economic costs .of the project include: * Fixed annual costs of the project o Annual Operating and Maintenance costs of the transmission line o Allowance for depreciation calculated on a straight-line basis estimated to write off the cost of the transmission line over its expected useIul IlWe. 8.2 Results Details of the economic analysis computations are provided in Appendix C. The Base Case Scenario Indicates an Net Present Value (NPV) of economic benefits of about US$ 65 million. The Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) of the Base Case Scenario is also comPuted to be about 69%. These two economic indicators demonstrate the economic viability of the project. Sensitivity analyses of the NPV of the Base Case Scenario indicate that a 10% increase in the projcct capital cost results in a decrease oF the NPV of economic benefits from about USS 65 nmillion to aboLut USS 63° million, a decrease of about 3%. An increase in the base discoLunt rate formn 10% to 12 % decreasc the NPV of econormnic bensfits to USS 55 mnilion,-a 15% decrease. Finally, a dJecrease in the Cost oF Unserved Energy from 0.25 cents/kWh to 0.15 cents/kWh rosults in a decrease of the NPV of net economic benefits to US$ 31 m1illion, a 52c%, decrease. Sensitivity analyses oF the EIRR of the Base Case Scenario also indicate that a 10%,'o Increase in the projoc, capital cost resLults in a decrease of the EIRPR froim aboLtL 89% to about 80%.o Also, a decrease in the Cost of Unservecd Energy frorn 0.25 cents/kWh to 0.15 cents/iN/%Wh resullts in a decrease of tnc EIRPR oF the project from about 89% to about 49%. ilhis iS ba!scd on a the VFA Load Forecast Study of Sciprteber, 1j95 Ob:,ia. rr,non,i .:,. t.; I-e- ':t v.. .Lo.c; Deput 3.0 Conclusions anid Recommendations 3.0 Conclusionis andcl Recommendations 3.1 Conclusions The existing transmission system is not capable of withstanding sinole contingencies involving the loss of the following line srgments: - Akosombo - Kumasi - Obulasi New Obuasi - Aboadze - Winneba - .Pres.ea - Bogosu The loss of any of tthe first three line segments results in transmission line overloads on Prestea-Bogosu line section vwith uinacceptable voltages in the Northern and south-western systems. The loss of the Prestea - Bogosu line section resullts in a total collapse of the power system. The operation of the transmission system will be very difticult if the line were not in place by the year 2000. The system will be exposed to a highl risk of failure until such time that the line is put into service. 2. The cxpectedi commissioning of addilional generalion in the western part of Ghana (the 100 MW unit of Takoradi Expansion and the 140 MW GNPC. Plant) further stresses the capability of the transmission network to support the delivery of power. Under thesc conclitions, the load floN analysis indicate that the loss of any scgnient of tihe transmission system results in a total collapse of the transmission network. 2 Tho commissioning of the Prestca - ObUasi Transmission linc by tilC ycar 2000 provides the necessary reiriforcenint; to nilaintain the rcliability of the transm-ission systorn. In addition, losscs are reduced by zbout 8.4 MW as compared with the case wiithout the Prestea - Obuasi line. Substantial energy gains for the period 2000 to 2005 are obtainecd duie to the recluction of losse,s as a resulI of the construction of the Prcstee Obuasi linc. The cnergy gainis are estimated to be 39 GWh in 2000, 54 GWh in 2001, 69 GWh in 2002, 53 GWh in 2003, 33 GWh in 2004 and 22 GWh in 2005. J T-hC capital cost of constructing lhe Prestea Obuasi line is estimated at abouit USS 12.5 imiillioni. ObSu.- J Tr.m ..u..ssic . , Fox.;bildy .'y VA'n. r 6. Based on thc estiniated cost above, a Cost of Unserved Energy of 0.25 cents/kWh and a discount rate of 10%, the Ne; Present Value of Economic Benefits is estimated at about USS G5 million. 7. The internal rate of return (EIRR) cf the project is about 89%, which confirms thc robustness of the project. 6. Sensitivity analysis on the project cost estimate, discount rate and project implementation delays indicate that the project is economically viable over a wide range of changes in these parameters. 3.2 Rccommendations Based on the conclusions above, it is recommended that: 1. Immediate steps are taken to ensure the construction of the Prestea - ObLasi Transmission line, to improve the rcliability of the transnmissiorn system. The line w,ill be re;uired ber ore the year 2000 2. Given the imminent implementation of the Takoradi Expansion, the development ol the project should be put on a fast track basis. This will require the immediate commiscsioning of preparatory viorks such as the following: - linc route surveys - transmission line and substaLion design - tow,er spotting and. - prepa,a;.on of tender documents for the construction phase Arrannemnents should also be initiatl_d to arrange the necessary fuinding for the project Annex 6 s Consultations 1.1 ci'i of Crpl (110 I-OREST SERVICES DIVISIONi r27 nuniber s1 id data of ildi FRY Iottsr should bn gumcd P. 0. DOX 527 ~~ .'~, ACCRA ;Kt Rd.£ Y.. .f... 9IhMay 2000 'iYour Ref. No...... [1PLIC Of 61 lANA. Mr. E. Darko-Mcnsah rearn Lcadcr REIAST A ccra Dear Sir RE: l'XROPOSEI) PR1STIEA-OBIUASI 161 I(V TRANSMISSION LINI; CONSULTATIONS F1OR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT I hcrIcby ICspoIld to your lettcr Rcf. No. RF/EIA/001 of 13"' April, 2000, conccrnlilng thc ab6ve as lollowing. Iliat we would hiave to identify and cnunierate thc iiicrchiantabic trec specics to be aflected by the proposed tranlsmission lie and issuC pcrmit to an accreditcd tliibcr contractor to salvage saiie beforc thlc Volta Rivcr Autlhority (VRA) or tlhcir agent could bc allowed to comimence work in the reserve. Asscssmiienlt wouldl also liave to bc madae olf the damage to be caused lo thc lfocst ccosystcm by the lranismission line project and find the appropriate means to militigate the cfel'cct zad impact. A lormzal pcrmissioIl sLatinig the terms and coidit'iolnis WOLId tlihCI be issulcd by Ilic F-orestry Coimimiissoion to the VRA foi access into the forest reserve. Thank you. Yours faitlhfully ..1 01,00 AG. OPLERATIONS DliRECTrOR for: AG. IiXECUTIVE DIRECTOR E,iFai I Subjcct: VRA Powcr-linc Extension Projcct Datc: Tuc, 25 Apr2000 13:13:11 +0100 Fromii: Joc Anianor DCar Sir, ThIanIk you fo-r youI ICltCI Irf MEL/6.3. 16/2000/75 of April 6tll, 2000, and map rcspcctivcly, on tlic abovc subject. I have to apologisc for tilc delay in rcspondinlg. Wc hiavC sLudicd lihc map carefilly, and our vicw, is tilat, your proposcd routc would not inticrferc withi AGC cxploratory activitics for tilc IOICsCeCablC future. Yours faitlifully, J A Amlanior Scnior Manager-Geology VRA Power-line Extension Project nnnnn in annni - nr rsiiinm nnsini n * onfniAnn T aann nn n d r, Annziex 6-1 RECEIVED 2 4 I1AR 2. DUNIWKWA CONT'INENTAL GOLDFIELI)DS LImrTED V . I( I I'i I I 21. D)tall'.a -oA li- ) in- \'.IK A I 'VIRO )NNII N I Al. (O ;I II TIAN I'S I'A N0>3t.8(0.1 - 2-15 -129 Dca;!- SIj I. £Tt)N,S:J:Is,!("I.S)NO.f ErY ')WFtR I INEi' IOIM( PI'IEI'II'STIAAI () 1LLL'X_iL I'ilPl'l' IIt diSCUShi(IS /111ill t IC OSSit Meilpact' 0t te elnsOIo LioLn u1 F1r1ii's'! OI Cl 'CtiiL'ral] 5\l;11l;-ntw Ainicx 6-2 F A C S I M I L E BOGOSO GOLD LIMITED MINESITE TEL: 233 (0) 362 20469 FAX: 233 (0) 362 20295/20180 email p-kling,pornhbg1gh.com TO, Evaus Darko-Aclnsali COM1PANY : REFEST FAX NO) 022 206959 LOC'A'I'ION : Tcia FROM 1:et icr kling-sporl CC: :Richiard Gray DATE :10/04/2000 SUJ JLCIE : VAR Proposed Linc Rtoute l'AikG E1's : My a)lloIugics lor iiiis lIa c reply. It has takenl us soelimc eiieto su rv'y the proposcd rotllec .and dI(letail its etleels to olr miniling op)eratiolis. In -elleral, l liC proposed lile Irotile is alow, the edge o (oIrexisting inini ;arca, and hlle Bou-osu divcrsioll, is through explora(ion) a rca that has fultlulc Iilning possibilitics. WVc bclic c (lite proposed route would lhind(cr our miinling opcrations with p)ossiblc (da11mage tolic lieInew route towers and cables fro in 'ly-ing rock fr-omi minie blasting. Wec Ivould lilkc to Suggest (Ia t tih linie is locauted oni the otlicr sidc olfIlic cxisting 161 J,VK lieic and,,1 Ivlvc [he Cexistilln line at N36800, El167000 azid travcl alog, as car as possible lto o0u lcalse boullnlna. lBuo-so GolI Limitiied is Imior-C (hall Ivillilng to discuss z-oulc aelclt1e;ifives wvi i (lie iitcilliu ol' arriving, at a s iiitla arrangeinen (, that is agrccable to botih parties. I I' UlTIOII..L '0 CON'I'ACT 'I'IIC MINC 2;1Tr UE CONTACT OUR ACCRA OrTICEi JII C iW l:: . 3 (0O)2. 1 . 77 Ol/. 1 L'A ?c,1T1. Annex 7 Plates -I AN~~~~ u . .u.~~~~. ,.n. * '79. CA 1t, . ,-.- i, 3 - co o' . - .Z~I . A4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 S~~ - E--S\gv; 4r- Plate-2~~~~ Tyica Toe Bae(ealo otinet 'Y t~~~~~~~~~~~~ " >, ; t,%r s=t.-.6'-X ,, -- -, , s f t; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; .. - -, , , . ....N, .,-s-';- Pliate-2 Typiccal Tower Base (Detail of Foot in Inseirt) VI, s a., ' , ., .. , II , .- -- S,- t ,, V~~~~~w' Flate xml fWoe oe sdi rnmsinf3V -~- Plate-4 Example of Concrete Poles For Transmission (Showing Signs of Deterioration)