Ethnobotanical Studies on Wild Edible Plants of Gond
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Patale Chandrakumar K et al. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2015, 6 (8) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY www.irjponline.com ISSN 2230 – 8407 Research Article ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES ON WILD EDIBLE PLANTS OF GOND, HALBA AND KAWAR TRIBES OF SALEKASA TALUKA, GONDIA DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA Patale Chandrakumar K 1*, Nasare Praveenkumar N 2, Narkhede Sushama D 1 1Department of Botany, Government Science College, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India 2Department of Botany, Nilkanthrao Shinde Science & Arts College, Bhadravati, Dist- Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Article Received on: 21/05/15 Revised on: 30/06/15 Approved for publication: 17/07/15 DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.068103 ABSTRACT The ethnobotanical studies on wild edible plant was conducted among the Gond, Halba and Kawar tribes of Salekasa taluka, Gondia district, Maharashtra state, India, through survey, interview and field work along with knowledgeable persons during December 2013 – May 2015. Total 80 wild edible plant species recorded which belongs to 69 genera and 38 Families. Among 38 families, 5 belong to monocot and rests 33 are of dicotyledons. The most widely utilized species belongs to Amaranthaceae (7), Araceae (7), Caesalpiniaceae (6), Fabaceae (5) and Solanaceae (4). The families Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Tiliaceae represented by 3 species each and remaining families represented by one or two species each. In the present study, total 80 species are documented; among them 31 are herbs, 5 shrubs, 10 climbers, 33 trees and 1 parasite. Keywords: Ethnobotany, wild edible plants, Gond, Halba, Kawar Tribe, Salekasa taluka INTRODUCTION are the natural attraction for tourist. Banjari, Bewartola, Bharritola, Chandsuraj, Chiglutola, Daldalkuhi, Dandari, Dhannegaon, Ethnobotany is one of the most interesting themes of economic Dumbartola, Jamakudo, Kopalgarh, Murkutdoh, Sikaritola, Tekatola, botany which might have first of all came into the existence probably Thubrutola, Toyagondi and Vicharpur are the tribal villages. Villages when earliest man of “stone age” observed the animals mostly the are situated in dense forest area and on hills, known as “Darekasa Hill apes and monkeys eating certain plants or plant parts ex. Fruits, leaves Range”, it is the part of Satpuda hill ranges (Figure 1). and even inflorescences to satisfy their hunger. Therefore, on the basis of plants usage first of all by animals and later on by the human People beings the concepts of Ethnobotany and Ethnozoology were evolved, which merged into a common term known as Ethnobiology. Total Population of the Salekasa taluka is 90,679 as per the survey of However, the term Ethnobotany was first of all used in the last of 19th census during 2011 by Indian Government. Out of which total century by J. W. Harsh Berger (1895) to indicate the interrelationship scheduled tribes are 23,900. It means that 26.36% is the tribal of plants with aboriginal people or tribal societies 1. In many parts of population. The eastern part of taluka is covered by dense Forest. the world, wild plants are obtained from forests or wild areas Most of the tribal people live in forest area in hamlets with their designated for extractive resources and managed by local customs and rituals. The main occupation of tribal people of Salekasa communities 2. Wild edible plants provide food quantity as well as taluka is farming and related works. Rice is main crop of this region. make significant contribution to the population nutrition throughout Gond, Halba and Kawar are three tribes live since long times. The the year 3, 4. Wild fruits provide nutrition for the forest dwellers and God of these tribes is Budalpen or Budadev. The meaning of Pen is many of marginalized rural communities 5. The contributions of forest God. The God Budalpen is situated at Kachargarh cave. foods security can be categorized into three main ways viz. i) providing a supplementary source of food, ii) as seasonal foods in the Data collection diet, and iii) as emergency food supplies during periods when others are unavailable 6. Survey and documentation of wild edible plants The study was conducted among the Gond, Halba and Kawar peoples have been reported from several parts of India 7- 32. The present of Salekasa taluka through survey; interviews and field works along studies were conducted to explore the knowledge of wild edible plants with knowledgeable persons during December 2013 – May 2015. To of Gond, Halba and Kawar tribe of Salekasa Taluka (Gondia district, collect traditional knowledge on wild edible plants, frequent Maharashtra state, India). discussions were made with local persons, including Mukhias, Patels, Tribal leaders, Farmers, Shepherds, housewives and children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information was noted in field books. Field work was completed with tribal peoples. Plant specimens were collected with the permission of Study area Maharashtra State Biodiversity Board. Collected specimens and photographs shown to peoples for local names and usage. These Salekasa taluka belongs to Deori sub division of Gondia district in specimens were identified with help of floras [33-37]. The identified Nagpur revenue division in the Berar region in the state of plants are arranged alphabetically with family names, local names and Maharashtra, India. The Hazara Fall, Ambezaran, Daldali, parts used (Table 1). Gendurziria, Ranidoh, Kachargarh cave and Bewartola water reserve 512 Patale Chandrakumar K et al. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2015, 6 (8) Table 1: Wild edible plants used by Tribals of study area S.N Plant Name Family Local Name Part used 1 Abrus precatorius L. Fabaceae Gomchi, Gunja Leaves 2 Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. Mimosaceae Babul Gum 3 Aegle marmelos Corr Rutaceae Bel Fruit 4 Alternanthera sessilis DC Amaranthaceae Jibhkati Leaves 5 Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae Matbhaji Leaves 6 Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Khedabhaji Leaves 7 Amorphophalus bhandarensis Yadav, Araceae Gaivar Leaves Kahalkar and Bhuskute 8 Amorphophalus paeonifolius Dernst Araceae Jimikanda Leaves 9 Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb.ex. DC) Wall Combretaceae Dhawnra Gum ex Guill & Perr. 10 Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn Euphorbiaceae Jondhurli, Amti Fruit 11 Bambusa vulgaris Schrad Poaceae Vadud, Bans Shoot 12 Bauhinia purpurea Linn. Caesalpiniaceae Koilar Leaves 13 Bauhinia vahlii Wight & Arn. Caesalpiniaceae Mahur Seeds 14 Bridelia retusa Spreng Euphorbiaceae Kasai Fruit 15 Buchanania cochinchinesis (Lour.) Anacardiaceae Sadeka, Char Seeds Almeida 16 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Fabaceae Parsa, Palas Flower 17 Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Du Petit- Fabaceae Ran- tur Seeds thou 18 Cardiospermum helicacabum L. Sapindaceae Kaparphuti Fruits 19 Cassia fistula L. Caesalpiniaceae Bahava Flower 20 Cassia tora L. Caesalpiniaceae Chirota, Charota Leaves 21 Celosia argentea L. Amaranthaceae Siliyari Leaves 22 Cissus quadrangularis L. Vitaceae Hadijod Shoot 23 Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Araceae Aaki, Kochaimati, ghuya Leaves, petiole & tuber 24 Commelina benghalensis L. Commelinaceae Telka bhaji Leaves 25 Corchorus aestuans L. Tiliaceae Chechbhaji Leaves 26 Cordia dichotoma Forst f. Boraginaceae Selvat Fruit 27 Costus speciosus (Koen) Sm. Zingiberaceae Kevkanda Leaves, Tuber 28 Cryptocoryne retrospiralis (Roxb.) Kunth Araceae Pakanbhed Leaves 29 Curculigo orchioides Gaertn Hypoxidaceae Kali musli Tuber 30 Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Poaceae Ranj, bamboo shoots 31 Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Etting Loranthaceae Vanda , chipur Fruit 32 Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Dilleniaceae Ran- kel Fruits 33 Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Dangkanda Tuber, bulbils 34 Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Dioscoreaceae Bhaisdheti Tuber, bulbils 35 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Tembhrun, Tendu Fruit 36 Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) Jeffrey Cucurbitaceae Shivlingi Leaves, fruit 37 Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Umbar Fruit 38 Gardenia lattifolia Ait. Rubiaceae Ghogar Fruit 39 Gardenia resinifera Roth Rubiaceae Dhikemalhi Fruit, gum 40 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Sivan Fruit 41 Grevia hirsuta Vahl. Tiliaceae Gursukdi, kolhati Fruit 42 Grevia tiliifolia Vahl Tiliaceae Dhaman Fruits 43 Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. Periplocaceae Khaprilbela Tuber 44 Holarrhena pubescens (Buch-Ham.) Apocynaceae Kudva Flower, Fruit Wall.ex. G.Don. 45 Ipomoea aquatica Lour Convolvulaceae Karmotabhaji Leaves 46 Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Crassulaceae Panphuti, Ghavpala Leaves 47 Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Bantulsi Fruit 48 Lasia spinosa (L.) Thw Araceae Gongal -kanda Leaves 49 Limonia acidissima L. Rutaceae Kawath Fruit 50 Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) Mac. Var. Sapotaceae Idukmada, Mahu, mahuva Petals latifolia (Rox.) Chevalier 51 Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Marka, Aamba Fruit 52 Merremia gangetica (L.) Cuf. Convolvulaceae Kukripota Leaves 53 Mimusops elengi L. Sapotaceae Massor Fruits 54 Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC Fabaceae Kavaskuri Seeds 55 Murraya koenigii (L.)Spreng. Rutaceae Mithhalimb Leaves 56 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Nelumbonaceae Pavan Rhizome, Seeds 57 Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. Nymphaeaceae Kamal Rhizome 58 Nymphaea rubra Roxb. Nymphaeaceae Lalkamal Rhizome 59 Olax psittacorum (Willd) Vahl Olacaceae Bindranipor Leaves 60 Oryza rufipogon Griff. Poaceae Karnga, Devdhan Fruit 61 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Araceae Sindi, Chhindi Fruit 62 Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiaceae Nalli, Amla Fruit 63 Physalis minima L. Solanaceae Chirpoti Fruit 64 Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb ex Willd) DC Fabaceae Bhuikanda Tuber 65 Schleichera oleosa (lour.) O. Ken