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Dossier on Tourism-Issues in Tamil Nadu

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Dossier on Tourism-Issues in Tamil Nadu MAY 1997 Iss'U..es In... TaIn.il Nad 'U.. (I equations MAY 1997 EQUATIONS 198, 2nd Cross, Church Road New Thippasandra, Bangalore - 560 075 Phone: 080-5282313, 5292905 Fax: 080-5282313 E-mail: [email protected] Published br EQUATIONS Cover Design hr DHANARAJKEEZHARA T\1Je.<e1a nd Primed 1'.\ VERBA NETWORK SERVICES 139. Cozy Apartments 8th Main. J 2th Cross MaJleswaram. Ban�alnr� :'>60003 at Sri Ranga Offset 1"lIltcrs. Bangalorc. Content§ Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------- v 1 . A Backdrop of Tourism Debate ------------------------------- 1 2. Tourism in Tamil Nadu: An Overview -------------------- 22 3. Emerging Conflicts: Tourism and Infrastructure --------- 34 4. Tourism and Environment -------------.---------------------- 48 5. Tourism: The Route to Socio-Cultural Chaos ------------ 72 6. Economics of Tourism: Truths and Myths ---------------- 80 7. Politics of Tourism Development --------------------------- 90 8. Conc1usion ----------------------------------------------------- 97 Annexures 1. Tourism Demand No. 50 Policy Note ----------------------- 99 2. Maps as Makers of Ecological Change -------------------- 112 3. 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We �e-��'fI'�aJaf:Ja� &eIt,g-amdYatb�' .:Yortun,Vvo/fVrnU/f!I'OfU< wza'u.r/�fI'��fI'� .!l�. WlziiwtAb62iIAg:rfJftJ0ocam t:rtLabiorv&�Wfl,f/�c�fI'�JYwroumlfl'� and iderttj/te.atiol'l/tMae& ('/'tAe to- k �-uA t� =JoI/(){ued, a& mertlion.edoisia, �wid � �and�VvtHV0mffi&emitu:v.raml�. g-k<£..wLA'83TfJ.ArJ team, tIuwaXl& inuoIoed wid ::J1£u.t;ri11aIxt, J� toe/'t/ JasoI'V &::. 01ta�%ezA.(l!'(M We- afw..rdied {U fjUitb bt orb tk� mui �fI' & 9l{i&.Jfy, [Il, J9l lzmalutfftll"l.; �at/ur/ � &rw.:YefiUUule&andjf£� 5{;wa&�.reoerat�widaIJfI'tka/Jo.oo tIuw�Jlmd�fI'tk� �� wMa,lUt?toe/'e-�widtunu:<p fl'� tIuwlUt? ft toe/'e- all reIeoant. Jecti.<Hz&.fl'tAis. 0� Aaoe-� 6e&v ab {l/7/g;U:lo--�b �itunorb g-(H{� &dture- and!flO..r.p.aId:,y/ tlu/ �ni.ted& 'ltu:oet<-.r.i{y./f.kuka& if 0ecenu5erj)-6; '1fJ�Orb !l'lUnuvv�/andJtMtaUlaUe-&otMtd./f��& tAco� fI' ./fklra& - JVooenzber.j)o'tk W� orb' &tHMtaiY&£Lte&-�ed & tAc&OfM!ai �ftetworh. - Lo/"�j)7 Ylzi&0o.rdu � to- � ��" tuu/initiate {U 6roader; I/U:e/Me- di.r.cu.r&o-tz,orb m. tou.ri..r �,Vvg- amilftaa?b, '1fJe-CU'e-,PIam�to- tra/l'£/ate- tIu&00Mlt?r- Utto- g-amilso- ibthat; ca/l/ read oat; tu- tAo.wto- wAonvtAco cle6ate- wilibe. fl'ee .�. yeat..er reI..t!U(Ylce WIU:/.e.� Uy:'tk �ce fI'::J1£u.t;rlJaIm over- two-� Vv�f!J' thia,0�to- ,JI-OU; t/YLb�UlU!/ltfir- � � woaldk,yoa.r- comm� 'Uf!l!J� and� VI 1 A Backdrop of Tourism Debate An urge to travel has always been human. It has transcended race, sex and region and has been a motive force behind both learning and colonising. The earliest stages of human travel were characterised by needs of survival. Later humans travelled in search of precious metals, raw materials, exotic items, knowledge and enlightenment. With travels in search of spiritual perfectionand contentment, pilgrimage became a mass activity along with the advent of organised religions. Industrial revolution paved the way for separating work from play. The labour class was encouraged to see leisure as essential for their survival, as a means to recharge their energies and maintain health. Leisure and play were identified as essential to maintain the productivity of labour by the moneyed class who benefited by such productivity. This convergence of interests of the wage-givers and wage-receivers necessitated legitimising of leisure as an inherent right of workers. The capitalist class (the wage-givers) later found that the very leisure of the mal:>s of labour can be used for increasing profit by ma�aging it like any other industrial activity. The result of it was that mass commercial tourism was now poised to become the largest industry in the world by the beginning of the next millennium. The debates concerning tourism are currently limited to a corner in the media and in other public domain. Today tourism is projected as the new 'saviour' to solve developmental backwardness of many Asian, African and Latin American countries. These projections are coming from the same quarters that projected import-dependent export-oriented models of development earlier, for the poor. But looking further back into the history it could be traced that the accumulated surplus earned by way of economic and political hegemony is also one of the 'motivational factor' that makes tourism viable, though many of the 'studies' shun away from this reality. Centuries of 'Human Trade', (the meanest of trade) of millions of African nationals is something the 'new saviours' do not want us to remember. These were people with flourishing peaceful civilisations while the whites were fighting with wooden clubs. What is left of Africa today is the effect of the decimation of the young and most able Africans. Not only slave trade but the wage saved by forceful and inhuman labour was the foundation for colonies. Once colonised, loot of raw materials and wealth flowed, which in turn gave leverage to the industrial revolution. If only a percentage of the total plundered wealth is returned to the erstwhile colonies - African, Asian and Latin American people would not be strangling in the debt trap today. * It is this wealth that acts as a catalyst to the motivation to travel. The colonial rooted local masters do not want history to be remembered. The post­ independence period witnessed these renegades betraying the very cause for which the martyrs laid their lives for. People-oriented and self-reliant economy was the dream of the people. Instead the entire wealth and resources were left open for daylight plunder to national and international agents. A fundamental problem with the new model is that it is in no way different from earlier models in its negative impact on people and nature. But such negatives are conveniently hidden under rhetoric like 'tourism is a no-pollution industry', 'tourism is a service industry generating more employment' etc.
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